EP2795215A1 - Method and apparatus for separating air by cyrogenic distillation - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for separating air by cyrogenic distillationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2795215A1 EP2795215A1 EP12815737.7A EP12815737A EP2795215A1 EP 2795215 A1 EP2795215 A1 EP 2795215A1 EP 12815737 A EP12815737 A EP 12815737A EP 2795215 A1 EP2795215 A1 EP 2795215A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- compressors
- column system
- pressure
- sent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
- F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04775—Air purification and pre-cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/0489—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the air fractionation unit, in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
- F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/02—Compressor intake arrangement, e.g. filtering or cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for air separation by cryogenic distillation.
- EP-A-0504029 discloses a pump cycle based on the concept of a single machine with a single large high-pressure air compressor.
- the motor technology varies: in fact beyond 25 MW, there is no motor on the market other than synchronous, the current technology of asynchronous motors not allowing to cross this course without taking a very big industrial risk.
- Compressive function compression, motor, starting equipment and associated electrical: 45% to 50%.
- a booster compressor is a compressor that compresses a gas from a pressure above atmospheric pressure (in English "booster"). It is also possible to compress all the air at high pressure and not to use a booster or to use only blowers coupled to an air and nitrogen turbine, as in EP-A-0504029, so that all the power is introduced by a single high-pressure air compressor.
- the provisions level of the exchange line, the number and type of turbines coupled to a booster and distillation columns allow to make the productions compatible with the purities, pressures and flows requested by the customer.
- the present invention results from the fact that for a customer requesting the supply of product or products at a given flow rate, a given purity and a given pressure, this supply necessarily corresponds to a power which results in a given air flow and pressure of high air given.
- the number N of high-pressure compressors is between 3 and 10, to supply the air to the cold box of the apparatus of separation meeting customer needs.
- N of high-pressure compressors is between 3 and 10, to supply the air to the cold box of the apparatus of separation meeting customer needs.
- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 compressors in parallel can be used.
- a single cold box for example using 25MW of minimum compression
- a single associated purification unit traditionally only one large compressor is used synchronous type.
- the present invention provides to use at least three compressors small enough to be driven by asynchronous motors to power the single cold box.
- N air flows at about ambient pressure are sent to one of the N air compressors
- each of the N compressors compresses the air at a first pressure greater than 12 bar abs and less than 30 bar absolute, N being equal to or greater than 3 and the total power of the N compressors being greater than 10MW,
- the air is sent at the first pressure of the N compressors to a single purification unit to remove water and carbon dioxide and the purified air is cooled in the purification unit before sending it to a single column system in a single cold box where the air is separated by cryogenic distillation,
- N compressors being each driven by a single motor, these N motors being asynchronous and having a maximum power below
- N is equal to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
- the N air compressors each send at most 100% / N of the air they compress to the column system.
- each of the compressors sends at least 90% of its air to the column system, or even to the same column of the column system.
- each of the compressors produces air at the same pressure each compressor compresses the same flow
- At least two compressors compress the same flow - only two compressors compress the same flow
- each compressor compresses a different flow
- At least one compressor compresses a flow rate different from that compressed by another compressor
- each of the motors is connected to a starter of a given type, the type of starter for each motor being either irrespective of reactance or autotransformer.
- the total power of the N compressors is less than 25XN MW, or 150MW for N compressors.
- the total power of the N compressors is greater than 25MW, or even greater than 40MW.
- the compression of the N airflows to a first pressure covers the case where the first pressure is that of the mixed compressed flow rates, and at least a compressor compresses to a final pressure that differs by not more than 20%, or even more than 10% of that first pressure.
- the lack of pressure of a compressor can be compensated by an outlet pressure greater than the first pressure of another of the N compressors.
- an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation comprising a single system of columns in a single cold box, N air compressors connected to receive air at the pressure of 30.degree. and designed to produce air at a first pressure greater than 12 bar abs, N being at least 3, each of the compressors being driven by a single asynchronous motor, the total power of the compressors being at least 10MW , a single purification unit to purify air at the first pressure from the N compressors, pipes to send purified air from the purification unit to the column system, a pipe to extract an enriched flow in nitrogen of the column system, a pipe for withdrawing an oxygen enriched flow from the column system, the apparatus not comprising an engine or steam turbine driving an air booster.
- Each of the compressors may comprise at least 4 stages.
- Each of the compressors may comprise the same number of stages. Possibly one of the N compressors can provide some of its air elsewhere than the system of columns. Similarly, the column system can also receive air from a compressor other than the N compressors.
- the column system receives only air from the N compressors and / or the N compressors send all their air to the column system.
- a high pressure compressor compresses air from atmospheric pressure to between 12 and 35 bar absolute.
- the N compressors can all be of the same model, this model being preferably predefined by the manufacturer. If not at least one of the compressors may be of one model and at least one other may be of another model, the total number of models used to compress the air of the apparatus not exceeding 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 .
- the same type of compressor could be used, in terms of outlet pressure and air flow to be compressed.
- a larger or smaller number of the same compressor could be used. This would reduce the stocks of spare parts, since the parts for a compressor of one device will be used not only for other compressors of the same device but also for compressors of other devices.
- a single air separation unit cold box BF contains a single column system and an exchanger for cooling the air to the distillation temperature.
- the air to be distilled 7 has previously been purified in a single purification unit E to remove water and carbon dioxide.
- the apparatus produces at least one product 9 which may be oxygen gas and / or nitrogen gas and / or liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen and / or argon gas and / or liquid argon.
- the air at atmospheric pressure is compressed in three compressors C1, C2, C3. Each of these compressors preferably has the same capacity. Each compressor compresses the air at the purification pressure, preferably equal to at least 12 bar abs, preferably less than 35 bar abs.
- the three air flows 1, 2.3 compressed in the compressors C1, C2, C3 are combined in a single flow 6 and purified together in the unit E.
- All the air sent to the single cold box comes from the compressors C1, C2, C3 and the compressors C1, C2, C3 send all their air 6 to the cold box BF.
- Each compressor C1, C2, C3 is driven by a single asynchronous motor M1, M2, M3.
- Each motor M1, M2, M3 has a starter D1, D2, D3 res pect if, these d em er rs r were direct type (in English "direct online), reactance (in English” self ") or autotransformer. None of the motors are started by a soft starter or a dimmer, which greatly simplifies the installation.
- Each of the compressors C1, C2, C3 comprises at least 4 stages.
- the cold box, and therefore the three compressors treat the air to produce at least 4000 tons per day of oxygen.
- each compressor treats at least 6666 tons per day of air.
- the three compressors are driven by motors preferably at constant speed.
- the total power of the three compressors is greater than 10MW or greater than 25MW, or even greater than 40MW but less than 75MW.
- the three compressors can each process the same rate, all a different rate, or two the same rate and the third a different rate.
- each compressor compresses the air from atmospheric pressure to the same first pressure; however, some variation in pressure can be tolerated.
- a compressor may have a pressure which differs at most 20% (or at most 10%) of the pressure of the flow 6 formed by mixing the compressed flow.
- a cold box BF of air separation apparatus contains a column system and an exchanger for cooling the air to the distillation temperature.
- the air to be distilled 7 has previously been purified in a purification unit E to remove water and carbon dioxide.
- the apparatus produces at least one product 9 which may be oxygen gas and / or nitrogen gas and / or liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen and / or argon gas and / or liquid argon.
- the air at atmospheric pressure is compressed in five compressors C1, C2 C3, C4, C5, connected in parallel. Each of these compressors preferably has the same capacity. Each compressor compresses the air at the purification pressure, preferably equal to at least 12 bar abs, preferably less than 35 bar abs.
- the five air flows 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 compressed in the compressors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 are combined in a single flow 6 and purified together in the unit E.
- Each of the compressors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 comprises at least 4 stages.
- Each compressor C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 is driven by a single asynchronous motor M1, M2, M3, M4, M5.
- Each motor M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 has a respective starter D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, these starters being of the direct type (in English "direct online), reactance (in English” self ") or autotransformer. None of the motors are started by a soft starter or a dimmer, which greatly simplifies the installation.
- the five compressors can each process the same rate, each a different rate or there may be pairs of compressors with the same rate.
- the total power of the five compressors is greater than 10MW or greater than 25MW, or even greater than 40MW but less than 125MW.
- the only cold box, and therefore the five compressors treats the air to produce at least 4000 tons per day of oxygen.
- each compressor treats at least 4000 tons per day of air.
- the five compressors are driven by motors preferably at a substantially constant speed.
- each compressor compresses the air from atmospheric pressure to the same first pressure; however, some variation in pressure can be tolerated.
- a compressor may have a pressure that differs by at most 20% (or at most 10%) from the pressure of the flow 6 formed by mixing the compressed flow rates.
- the air separation apparatuses according to the invention may comprise an air blower driven by an air turbine, for example sending the expanded air to a column of the cold box, or by a nitrogen turbine.
- the apparatuses do not include an air blower driven by a steam turbine or a motor, since this would imply an energy input into the system other than by sending compressed air of the N compressors.
- Compressors of products for oxygen or nitrogen, can be used, which are driven for example by motors.
- the invention applies to processes where the total power of the compressors is less than 150 MW.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1162172A FR2985005B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2011-12-21 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AIR SEPARATION BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION |
PCT/FR2012/052921 WO2013093305A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-13 | Method and apparatus for separating air by cyrogenic distillation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2795215A1 true EP2795215A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
EP2795215B1 EP2795215B1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12815737.7A Active EP2795215B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-13 | Method and apparatus for separating air by cyrogenic distillation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9562716B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2795215B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104024775B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2859478C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2985005B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013093305A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013018664A1 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the cryogenic separation of air and cryogenic air separation plant |
US20230103843A1 (en) * | 2021-10-06 | 2023-04-06 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Low-pressure nitrogen turbine with air booster parallel to the booster air compressor |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2909678B2 (en) | 1991-03-11 | 1999-06-23 | レール・リキード・ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | Method and apparatus for producing gaseous oxygen under pressure |
US5475980A (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-12-19 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and installation for production of high pressure gaseous fluid |
FR2784308B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2001-11-09 | Air Liquide | GAS SEPARATION PROCESS AND PLANT WITH PRODUCTION OF A VARIABLE GAS FLOW |
US6295838B1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2001-10-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic air separation and gas turbine integration using heated nitrogen |
FR2828729B1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-10-31 | Air Liquide | HIGH PRESSURE OXYGEN PRODUCTION PLANT BY AIR DISTILLATION |
FR2844344B1 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2005-04-08 | Air Liquide | PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF OXYGEN AND / OR NITROGEN |
US6915661B2 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2005-07-12 | L'air Liquide - Societe Anonyme A'directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes George Claude | Integrated air separation process and apparatus |
DE102005023434A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-29 | Linde Ag | Cryogenic air separation to produce oxygen and/or nitrogen comprises splitting air into several streams which are compressed, precooled and purified before being cooled and supplied to a common distillation system |
FR2949845B1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-12-02 | Air Liquide | METHOD FOR OPERATING AT LEAST ONE AIR SEPARATION APPARATUS AND A COMBUSTION UNIT OF CARBON FUELS |
FR2956731A1 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-26 | Air Liquide | Method for cryogenic distillation of air in air separation installation, involves operating apparatus in operating mode, where number of air compressors and superchargers operated in second mode is lower than that of two operating modes |
-
2011
- 2011-12-21 FR FR1162172A patent/FR2985005B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-12-13 EP EP12815737.7A patent/EP2795215B1/en active Active
- 2012-12-13 WO PCT/FR2012/052921 patent/WO2013093305A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-13 CN CN201280062162.7A patent/CN104024775B/en active Active
- 2012-12-13 CA CA2859478A patent/CA2859478C/en active Active
- 2012-12-13 US US14/366,701 patent/US9562716B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2859478C (en) | 2020-03-10 |
EP2795215B1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
WO2013093305A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
US20150000335A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
CN104024775A (en) | 2014-09-03 |
CA2859478A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
US9562716B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
FR2985005A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
FR2985005B1 (en) | 2017-12-22 |
CN104024775B (en) | 2016-10-12 |
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