Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/22—Luminous paints
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
  • D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
  • D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
  • B41M3/14—Security printing
  • B41M3/144—Security printing using fluorescent, luminescent or iridescent effects

Definitions

• the invention relates to a security feature with a luminescent component and a component camouflaging the luminescent component.
• value document in the context of the invention banknotes, checks, stocks, tokens, identity cards, credit cards, passports and other documents as well as labels, seals, packaging or other elements for product security to understand
• the luminescent component is formed by substances, which are also referred to below as luminophores, and by host lattices doped with transition metals or rare earth metals as luminescent ions (hereinafter also the term matrix is used for host lattices Such ions have the advantage that, after appropriate excitation, they exhibit one or more characteristic narrowband luminescences which facilitate reliable detection and differentiation from other spectra ation of transition metals and / or rare earth metals.
• Such substances have the advantage that, in addition to the abovementioned luminescences, so-called energy transfer processes are observed, which can lead to more complicated emission spectra. In these energy transfer processes, one ion can transfer its energy to another ion, and the spectra can then consist of several narrow-band lines that are characteristic of the two ions.
• the security features mentioned for securing value documents have, as a luminescent component, individual luminophores whose emissions differ with regard to their spectral and / or temporal properties. The security features are applied and / or applied in various application forms in and / or on value documents. In this case, a combination of luminophores can be used for the luminescent component.
• the emission bands of the luminophores used represent a spectral encoding.
• Several different luminophores can be combined to form systems, the individual systems being independent of each other.
• the emission of the luminophores used is also referred to as luminescence, this may include fluorescence and / or phosphorescence.
• Component some security elements have a component which is used to camouflage the luminescent component.
• a security paper with the authenticity features protective camouflage is described.
• the camouflage substances of the camouflaging components essentially correspond to the luminescent components, ie very similar or similar host lattices and dopants are used both for the luminescent component and for the camouflaging component.
• the luminescent component can be mixed with conventional analytical methods. which can not be distinguished from the camouflaged component. As a result, especially the position of the luminescent component is obscured, since it can not be distinguished from the camouflaging component with the usual methods.
• the present invention seeks to provide a security feature with a luminescent component and a component camouflaging the luminescent component, wherein the analysis of the type and doping of a host lattice used for the luminescent component should be prevented or at least considerably more difficult.
• a camouflage of the luminescent component compared to an elemental analysis should be achieved.
• the identification of the luminescent component should also be made more difficult in the event that the security feature is present in pure form before introduction into value documents or ashing of true value documents, and then by elemental analysis methods such as XRF (X-ray fluorescence analysis) or ICP-AES (optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma) can be investigated.
• XRF X-ray fluorescence analysis
• ICP-AES optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma
• the invention is based on a security feature with a luminescent component having at least one luminophore, comprising at least one doped host lattice, and a component camouflaging the luminescent component, wherein the camouflaging component has chemical elements which have similar structural chemical properties as the chemical elements of the luminescent component, wherein the chemical elements of the camouflaging component and the chemical elements of the luminescent component are formed by different chemical elements.
• the invention has the advantage that a particularly good camouflage of the luminescent component can be achieved by using a camouflaging component with chemical elements which have similar structural chemical properties but are different in comparison to the chemical elements of the luminescent component, because the analytical costs additionally used for camouflage greatly increase the analysis effort.
• the luminescent component can never be given with complete certainty, since the similar structural chemical properties of the chemical elements make it possible to use a large number of substances.
• Security features for value documents with a luminescent component based on NI luminophores with specific properties in their emission and excitation are known, for. Example from WO 81/03507 AI, EP 0 966 504 Bl, W 02011/084663 A2, DE 198 04 021 AI, DE 101 11 116 AI.
• Such security features are normally either directly in the form of a powder in the preparation of the substrate, for. As the paper pulp, added to the value document, or the powder is added to a printing ink, which is then subsequently applied to the substrate.
• banknotes consists of a mixture with several components through which the elemental composition of a luminescent component in elementary analysis of the banknote or banknote ash or the mixture itself is camouflaged.
• a camouflaging component is used which can change the ratio of matrix constituents of the luminescent component and introduces additional chemical elements, so that it is not readily apparent from which element combinations the matrix or the host lattice of the luminescent component is constructed.
• the camouflaged component is chosen such that a replica of the security feature, d. H. in particular its luminescent component is impossible or significantly more difficult on the basis of detected constituent elements.
• the security feature may be mixed with additional components with different functionalities to achieve advantageous properties or increased security against imitation of the security feature.
• the additional components may be a production component or a coding component whose more detailed function will be explained. It is possible that the additional components have an effect corresponding to the effect of camouflaged component to further hedge the structure of the luminescent component.
• It is a luminophore emitting in the invisible spectral range, consisting of a doped crystalline matrix (host lattice).
• the substances preferably have high quantum yields or signal intensities and suitable decay times even for small ones
• the lancing component usually constitutes from 20% to 80% of the mixture forming the security feature, preferably from 25% to 60%, particularly preferably from 30% to 50% (all data in each case percent by weight).
• Both the type of matrix and the dopants contained have a great influence on the spectral properties to be checked as authenticity criterion.
• the composition and doping of the matrix must be known in order to be able to emulate the luminophore. In this respect, it is essential to complicate an analysis of the stoichiometry via elemental analysis of the feature.
• a luminophore of the luminescent component consists of complex crystalline mixed oxides or mixed oxysulfides having one or more dopants, e.g. B. from rare earths or transition metals.
• DE 198 04 021 A1 discloses various luminophores which can form the luminescent component of a security feature.
• the exemplified substance Y2,9iPro ( o9Cr2Al3C2 can be used as a luminescent component of a machine-readable security feature: For example, if the ashes of a value document containing this security element are subjected to elemental analysis, larger amounts of yttrium, chromium and aluminum and smaller amounts of praseodymium than atypical ash constituents would be used This suggests the nature of the luminophore (yttrium-chromium-aluminum oxide doped with praseodymium), thus facilitating the replication of the security feature.
• yttrium, gadolinium, lanthanum and luthetium mostly form isostructural compounds and are often used as non-luminescent rare earth elements as matrix constituents in rare earth-based lumi- nophores. It is therefore with simultaneous presence z. B. of yttrium and gadolinium even with some structural knowledge, z. For example, if the feature is a garnet-based luminophore, it is not clear that only yttrium, just gadolinium, or both together are part of the garnet matrix. In case of doubt, therefore, of all three combinations, concentration series and other variations must be synthesized to determine the exact identity of the feature.
• chromium can often be replaced by iron, whereas aluminum can often be replaced by gallium.
• other rare earths typically acting as a luminescence center or sensitizer should be added, for example terbium and neodymium. Even if due to other forms of analysis, for. As spectral analysis, certain details of the luminescent component such as the primary Lumineszenztechnik (dopant) have already been recognized, secondary aspects such as presence and type of sensitizers and codopants, which are often used, inter alia, to modify lifetimes and excitation bands of the luminophore, thus uncertain.
• the analysis effort exponentially increases due to the additionally possible combinations, so that identification of the security feature by synthetic rows is impossible or involves enormous expenditure.
• the detected Cr: Al ratio which is 2: 3 in the luminescent component, is greatly altered. This creates an additional hurdle for successful imitation of the security feature. Even if it is correctly assumed that the luminescent component is a chromium-aluminum mixed oxide, the correct composition would be or would be the correct range due to this change in another stoichiometric range with less chromium and more aluminum can no longer be estimated from the chromium-aluminum ratio detected by elemental analysis.
• the luminescent component to be camouflaged or the luminophore may also be a so-called non-stoichiometric crystal.
• Non-stoichiometric crystals are solids with a microscopically ordered structure, ie the atoms of the structure are arranged in a regular manner. Certain of these crystal structures are tolerant of replacing one atom type with another, that is, their microscopic order does not change unless certain general rules such as atomic size and charge neutrality are respected. Examples of such Non-stoichiometric crystals include spinels, garnets, perovskites, lanthanide oxysulfides, zircons, etc.
• An accurate elemental analysis of the security feature is due to the small amounts used in value documents, eg. B. banknotes, or the small proportion of the security feature in banknote ashes normally not possible, or depends on the accuracy of the respective measurement method (eg simple XRF with a handheld device or professional trace analysis on a synchrotron) and the chemical elements to be detected from. Therefore, although it is preferable for effective camouflage, it is not necessary to add stoichiometrically correct amounts of the camouflaging component chemical elements with respect to the luminophore.
• the chemical elements of the camouflaging components should be present at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 80% of the molar amount of the respective element of the luminophore to be camouflaged. This ensures that the additionally detectable elements of the camouflaged component are also perceived as possible matrix components. Also for the camouflage of dopants contained in the luminophore of the luminescent component only in small amounts, such as luminescence or Sensitizern, the chemical elements of the camouflaging component should be present with at least 30% of the molar amount of the dopant to be concealed in the total mixture of the security feature.
• the level of the portion is not critical, since in an elemental analysis, as long as the proportions are high enough to be detected, relatively arbitrary doping levels appear as a plausible possibility for the luminescence centers, codotiations or sensitizers.
• Different substances El, E2, E3,... for the camouflaging component are preferably selected such that they contain the chemical elements required for the camouflage in an amount sufficient to determine the proportion of a single substance of the camouflaging component in the overall mixture of the security feature Range 5 to 60%, preferably 10 to 40% to allow (in each case percent by weight). These preferred values apply in each case to substances of the camouflaging component for camouflaging the chemical elements of the matrix of the luminescent component of the security feature.
• To camouflage the active dopants used in the matrix it is preferable to use different substances D1, D2,..., Each of which is preferably present in an amount of from 0.5 to 4%, more preferably from 1 to 2%, of the total mixture of the security feature.
• a security feature should contain at least 2, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4 additional chemical elements in the camouflaging component for the chemical elements of the matrix of the luminescent component.
• a chemical element of a dopant should have at least 1, preferably at least 2 additional chemical Camouflaged elements.
• the ratio of two chemical elements contained in the matrix of the luminescent component is preferably additionally changed by addition of a chemical element already present in the matrix.
• suitable elements are subsequently arranged in each case in groups.
• One element of a group can be hidden by another element of the group.
• subgroups of elements are given which are particularly suitable for mutual camouflage.
• there are great parallels in the respective structural chemistry of the rare earths whereby they can not be readily separated from one another by chemical methods. They can therefore be exchanged in matrices almost always isostructural against each other.
• Cerium plays a special role, as it can be used depending on the application both as a matrix element and luminescence center or sensitizer and therefore is present in both groups.
• Promethium plays a special role because it is not used as a preferred luminophore matrix component or as a luminescent center or sensitizer due to its radioactivity, which is why it was not included in any of the subgroups.
• the grouping is based on similar structural properties in crystalline inorganic matrices.
• the first row of the periodic table contains the elements H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
• hydrogen has completely different properties compared to the remaining elements and therefore can not be plausibly used to camouflage them.
• thallium in the third main group in the form of T1 (I) can often be incorporated in crystals analogously to alkali metals and behaves analogously there.
• ⁇ Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Tl ⁇ are a group of elements, whereby at the same time According to the presence of two elements of the group in a security feature without additional knowledge is not obvious whether only first, second, or a mixture of both elements are part of the feature component. In this case, ⁇ Na, K ⁇ form a preferred subgroup due to their frequent use together.
• element groups are not limited to elements of the same main groups of the periodic system of elements or elements of the same charge number.
• the elements are not limited to elements of the same main groups of the periodic system of elements or elements of the same charge number.
• the elements are not limited to elements of the same main groups of the periodic system of elements or elements of the same charge number.
• the elements are not limited to elements of the same main groups of the periodic system of elements or elements of the same charge number.
• the elements are not limited to elements of the same main groups of the periodic system of elements or elements of the same charge number.
• the elements are not limited to elements of the same main groups of the periodic system of elements or elements of the same charge number.
• ⁇ Al, Si, P, S ⁇ are very similar in their tendency to form covalent oxygen compounds in tetrahedral coordination.
• these elements can be exchanged for each other without major changes in the structure, as long as a charge balance takes place.
• Known examples are zeolites in which the same framework structure of Al and Si in the ratio 1: 1 or only of Si
• Structural analogues of zeolites and certain aluminophosphates are also well known, and another grouping relevant to security features is ⁇ Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu ⁇ , since Ca, Sr , Ba and Bi are the few elements reasonably compatible with ionic radius and structural chemistry with rare earths used for luminophore matrices, it is known that the incorporation of rare earth dopants into luminescent almost exclusively in rare earth-containing matrices as well as Ca, Sr, Ba aluminates and silicates, etc. takes place, since in most other matrices no suitably large cationic mounting positions exist. Thus, in a rare earth doped security feature, at least one of these elements is present, and the inclusion of further elements of the group thus makes the identification of the matrix used significantly more difficult.
• Luminescence-based security features are almost exclusively oxides, sulfides or oxysulfides.
• the group ⁇ O, S, Se, Te ⁇ , ⁇ O, S ⁇ thus has a preferred special role in order to make the assignment to oxide, sulfide or oxysulfide more difficult.
• a sulfur-containing compound can be added simultaneously so that it is not clear, after elemental analysis or digestion, whether the feature is an oxide, sulfide or oxysulfide. Since sulphides and oxysulphides convert to sulphates in the case of ashing or in certain digestion forms, sulphates can be added instead of sulphides in order to achieve appropriate camouflage.
• Oxisulfide often have an oxygen-sulfur ratio of 2: 1 (eg Gd 2 O 2 S) and the sulfur content z.
• Gd 2 O 2 S oxygen-sulfur ratio
• S ⁇ sulfur content
• At least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 80% of the molar fraction of an element is added to a matrix for other matrix constituents, as already required, a significantly smaller proportion is sufficient for sulfur oxide as a result of the addition of sulfur, for reasons mentioned above. Therefore, at least 5%, preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 30% of the molar fraction of oxygen of an oxidic matrix with sulfur in the form of sulfides, oxisulfides or sulfates are camouflaged.
• groupings with similar structural properties due to their positioning in a common main group of the periodic table are the group of alkaline earth metals ⁇ Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra ⁇ , where ⁇ Ca, Sr, Ba ⁇ is a preferred subgroup because of their greater similarity form.
• ⁇ B, Al, Ga, In, Tl ⁇ form a group wherein ⁇ Al, Ga ⁇ form a preferred subgroup.
• ⁇ Si, Ge, Sn ⁇ form a group, ⁇ P, As, Sb ⁇ a group, and ⁇ F, Cl, Br, 1 ⁇ a group.
• the low transition metals of the fourth period of the periodic table have similar ionic radii and chemical affinities.
• Specially luminescent security features may include absorbing transition metals, with preference being given to using combinations of the elements ⁇ Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni ⁇ , such as, for example, B. Partially disclosed in WO 81/03507.
• the elements ⁇ Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni ⁇ therefore form a group.
• transition metals with highly similar structural chemical properties in inorganic matrices are ⁇ Ti, Zr ⁇ , ⁇ Nb, Ta ⁇ , ⁇ Mo, W ⁇ , ⁇ Pd, Pt ⁇ , ⁇ Zn, Cd ⁇ , which also form groups.
• the security feature may have additional components. From a technical point of view, additional functionalities must often be fulfilled, eg. B. the balance of production fluctuations or a forensic identifiability of the security feature.
• the additional components do not necessarily serve to camouflage the security feature in all cases.
• the additional components are preferably selected such that in addition to the required technical function also a camouflage of the chemical elements of the luminescent component is made possible.
• certain additional components, more preferably the forensic identification component are preferably chosen so that they are also camouflaged by the camouflaging component.
• a production component is preferably present in the total mixture of the security feature to 0 to 20%, particularly preferably 0 to 10% (all figures in percent by weight). If the production component simultaneously serves as camouflage of the chemical elements of the luminescent component, the preferred proportions are correspondingly higher since the production component can then no longer be reduced to small proportions to compensate for production fluctuations without endangering the function of camouflage. In this case, the preferred proportions are therefore from 25 to 45%, more preferably from 25 to 35%.
• the production component is necessary to ensure a consistent quality or signal intensity of the security feature.
• an intensity fluctuation of the luminescence signal of the luminescent component may occur.
• the correspondingly required proportion of the production component is added to the mixture forming the security feature in order to set the luminescence signal to a predetermined standard size. This can be achieved that when using the security feature, eg. B. in the production of documents of value, the respective dosage in the introduction of the security feature must not be varied even if the production described above fluctuations occur.
• a coding component for a forensic identifiability of the security feature is preferably present in the mixture at 0 to 10%, more preferably at 0.5 to 5%, most preferably at 1 to 3%. It is the coding component is a forensic feature by which z. B. different production batches, supplies, manufacturers or processors can be marked. This is preferably a luminophore. However, it does not necessarily have to emit like the luminescent component in the non-visible spectral range, or have suitable spectral properties and decay times for machine readability or testing. Rather, the machine readability of the luminescent component of the security feature should not be adversely affected by the coding component.
• the coding component should preferably differ greatly in excitation and emission from the luminescent component of the security feature used.
• the detection of the coding component can be done by forensic methods, eg. B. by the use of a fluorescence microscope or measurement of specialized laboratory equipment, etc.
• coding component preferably with rare earths and / or transition metals loaded collapsed zeolite structures are used, as described for example in DE 100 56 462 AI. These offer the advantage that zeolites can be easily loaded with a variety of cations via ion exchange. Preference may also be given to other crystalline inorganic matrices which are mixed with rare earths and / or transition metals. are doped len are used. Particularly preferably, the luminescence centers of the coding component are in the visible emitting trivalent rare earth species, eg.
• matrices are oxides, for.
• matrices are oxides, for.
• WO 2006/047621 AI described.
• the lifetime of the luminescence can also be checked.
• the proportion of rare earth ions and / or transition metals in the coding component is preferably selected such that it is comparable to the proportion of a rare earth metal and / or transition metal of a dopant of the luminescent component in elemental analysis of the overall mixture of the security feature.
• the coding component additionally disguises the dopant (s) of the luminescent component.
• the use of the substances D 1, D 2,... Described above for camouflaging the active dopants can be dispensed with, or fewer substances D 1, D 2,... Can be used. example 1
• WO 2011/084663 A2 discloses a security feature in the form of a luminescent component Y2,88Ero. 1 Tmo, oiHoooiGa50 2 known.
• the luminescent component thus has a matrix or a host lattice with the elements Y, Ga and O.
• the active dopants are formed by the elements Er, Tm and Ho.
• the element Sr can be selected from the preferred subgroup ⁇ Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu ⁇ the element La and from the group ⁇ Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu ⁇ the element Sr can be selected .
• Ga ⁇ the element AI can be selected.
• O can z. B. from the preferred subgroup ⁇ O, S ⁇ the element S can be selected.
• vertarnung of the dopants Er, Tm, Ho z. B. from the preferred subgroup ⁇ Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb ⁇ the elements Yb and Nd are selected.
• La, Sr, Al, S offer z.
• Lanthanoxisulfid (El) and strontium aluminate (E2) since in each case two required elements are combined in one compound and for technical reasons, the number of mixing components should be kept as small as possible.
• the Tarnkomponenten for the dopants may, for. B. in the form of the oxides Yb 2 0 3 (Dl) and Nd2Ü3 (D2) are used.
• the elements Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu ⁇ are selected from the elements Ca, Ba, La and Ce.
• the elements Er and Ho are selected from the preferred subgroup ⁇ Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb ⁇ .
• the oxygen-sulfur ratio of the security feature should be distorted by the addition of additional sulfur.
• the mixture should contain a variable proportion of a production component (P) and a coding component.
• a zeolite 5A is selected, which was ion-exchanged with samarium chloride analogously to the description in DE 100 56 462 A1 and then annealed at 1150 ° C. to obtain a compound with the approximate sum formula Nao, 7Smo, i AlSiO .
• the forensic detection of this coding component can be done for example via a luminescence microscope.
• the elements Y, Ca, Ba, Ce, S required for masking the matrix and distorting the stoichiometry can be introduced, for example, via the compounds CaAl20 4 / LaB 6 , Ce20 3 , BaS0 4 .
• Al in the forensic component is concealed by the boron of LaBö (group ⁇ B, Al, Ga, In, ⁇ ), and CaAl 2 04 introduces additional aluminum to increase the aluminum-silicon ratio of the Distort coding component.
• Barium sulfate simultaneously forms an elementary camouflage and is used as a production component.
• the dopants Yb and Tm are disguised by He 2 0 3 , Ho 2 0 3 and the samarium content of the coding component.
• a luminescent component of the composition LaP0 4 : Ero 1 should be camouflaged.
• the camouflage of the element La from the group ⁇ Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu ⁇ Sr was selected.
• the element P from the group ⁇ Al, Si, P, S ⁇ , Al and Si were selected.
• the element It was selected from the preferred subgroup ⁇ Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Er, Tm, Yb ⁇ Tm and Yb.
• the production component is T1O2.
• the coding component is Sr Al2C4: Euo, 02.
• the elements Sr, Al, Si required for camouflaging the elements of the matrix can be provided, for example, by using Sr 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and NaAlSiO 4 (zeolite 5A).
• a luminescent component YA103 Cro, 02 is known.
• Y from the group ⁇ Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu ⁇ , Sr and Gd were selected.
• AI ⁇ AI, Ga ⁇ Ga was chosen from the preferred subgroup.
• O the preferred subgroup ⁇ O, S ⁇ S was selected.
• Mn and Fe were selected from the group ⁇ Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni ⁇ .
• the coding component forms YAG: Tbo, oi.
• the elements Sr, Gd, Ga and S needed to camouflage the elements of the matrix can be z.

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• 2011
  • 2011-12-23 DE DE102011122246A patent/DE102011122246A1/de active Pending
• 2012
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