EP2790836A1

EP2790836A1 - Device and method for processing raw material

Info

Publication number: EP2790836A1
Application number: EP12823148.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Urmas SANNIK; Martti TAMM; Väino POIKALAINEN; Lembit LEPASALU
Original assignee: Aktsiaselts Toidu Ja Fermentatsioonitehnoloogia Arenduskeskus
Current assignee: Aktsiaselts Toidu Ja Fermentatsioonitehnoloogia Arenduskeskus
Priority date: 2011-12-12
Filing date: 2012-12-12
Publication date: 2014-10-22
Also published as: EE201100070A; WO2013087735A1; EE05730B1

Abstract

This device and method for reducing raw material particles, thermal treatment and fractionation are related to the systems of reprocessing meat, fish and other organic materials and makes it possible within a short time to carry out, using the same equipment, fine milling, thermal treatment and fractionation processes and to provide the separation of fat, protein and mineral compounds from treated material for the final handling of these compounds. The device comprises a main frame (1), housing (2), hatch (3), hopper (4), rotor (5), stator (6), crushing elements (7) and (8), electric motor (10), shaft (11), fractionation zone (12), output hole (13) and fraction separation sections (14). The method includes the stages of raw material preparation, fine grinding, thermal treatment, fractionation of components, separation of fractions and final treatment of compounds.

Description

Device and method for processing raw material

Technical Field

[0001] This invention applies to the chennistry industry, including environmental chennistry, biochemistry, and the food industry. For example: the processing of meat and fish by-products to separate fat, protein, and mineral compounds from the raw materials using hot, cold, and mixed methods to thermally influence the materials. This solution is also used for fractionation, where, in addition to centrifugal force, the energy transmitted to the material particles to be processed along with the dynamics of these particles are utilized (acceleration, back collisions, friction, moving of single particles, and a material layer formed from the particles in the device etc.).

Background Art

[0002] Technologies are known in which animal by-products are processed to melted fat and mineral meal containing protein (meat meal, bone meal, meat bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, meal from keratin raw materials - claws, horns, bristles, and hair - and meal processed from rind and raw materials separated from the surface of animal skin). From prior art various methods and systems used for processing animal by-products are generally known: dry rendering and wet rendering of raw materials and batch or continuous processing operations.

[0003] European patent application EP1230003 describes a solution in which the size of raw material particles is reduced in milling devices and thermal processing is carried out as a batch or continuous operation in a cooking or heating device. Fractionation takes place by means of sedimentation in a hot processing device or in a separate tank or by means of

centrifugation, during the course of which solid and liquid fractions are separated. From the liquid fraction, fat is separated from water, which retains particles of residual protein which are separated in a second-stage centrifuge or plate separator. Water is released as waste water or is further processed; purified fat is retained for further treatment. The duration of this processing technology is between 30-120 minutes.

[0004] Processing technologies known to date used in the meat and fish

industries (Ockerman H.W., Hansen C.L. et al.) consist of four main stages: preparation of raw materials (preliminary crushing); thermal processing of raw materials; fractionation (protein, fat and solid particles); and processing of components (protein extraction, fat purification, meal drying and grinding). Of these stages, preliminary processing is relatively short; for hot processing, dry and wet processing methods are used, wherein processing takes place under atmospheric pressure or

pressurized conditions at a temperature between 90 - 150 °C. Thermal processing with known technologies lasts up to 90 minutes - this is the disadvantage of the known solutions, because both long-term and relatively short-term hot processing (30 minutes) influence the natural properties of proteins contained in raw materials and they become less valuable.

[0005] Prior art presently has no references to devices for processing animal byproducts which would facilitate short-term (less than 60-second) milling, thermal processing, and fractionation of raw materials. Prior art presently has no references to methods which would enable the use of hot, cold, and mixed methods in one device for thermal processing of animal byproducts.

[0006] Prior art presently has no references to solutions in which preliminary

milling of raw materials is followed by a material processing stage in which fine milling, thermal processing, and fractionation of the materials take place simultaneously.

[0007] For milling raw materials of animal origin, rotor-type devices with a single shaft or multiple shafts are known in which cutting knives are used as milling tools. Raw materials are both mixed and milled in the same device. This technical solution does not facilitate thermal processing

simultaneously with milling; also, the design of the device does not permit fractionation. The device is not suited to process hard materials - for instance, particles of bone raw material, material containing tendons and connective tissue may get stuck between the housing of the device and operative parts of the rotor, and may cause emergency failures.

[0008] For the processing of materials discussed in this patent application, rotor- type milling devices (e.g. impact mills) are also known whose operative parts are impact elements (e.g. hammers). Raw materials are exposed to quick sequential impacts, as a result of which the pre-conditions needed for fractionation are created. Neither fractionation, nor the separation of fractions, are carried out in the impact mill because of a screed installed in the material outlet, which is used to adjust the fineness of the grind but slows down the discharge process of the material flow and causes jams in the device.

[0009] Also, grinders are used in which a pressure screw is used to press the materials to be milled through a knife grate (or grates). The design of the device is not durable enough to mill hard materials (bone and keratin raw materials). Soft raw materials cause material jams on the pressure screw. Neither thermal processing nor fractionation of the material, are carried out in this device.

[0010] For the milling of raw materials of animal origin, such devices as ball or barrel mills, screw or roller mills, jaw crushers, and single or multiple shaft crushers, are less frequently used, because they are not multi-purpose and do not facilitate the simultaneous processing of soft and hard raw material. In the meat and fish industry cutters, choppers, colloid and centrifugal mills are also known. These are used as special devices and are not included in the discussion of the context of this patent.

[001 1] Prior art presently has no references to devices in which thermal

processing and fractionation processes can take place simultaneously with milling.

[0012] Solutions are known in which a screw shaft installed in the feed hopper and/or vibration is employed to ensure the uniform feed of raw materials. For the use of this solution, the size of the particles of the primary raw material should be significantly reduced, which in turn also reduces the productivity of the device. Prior art presently has no references to devices which would enable the efficient routing of materials to be processed from the feed zone to the operation zone of the device.

[0013] A milling device (disintegrator) (SU448031) is known and is comprised of a housing that accommodates two rotors, which are wheels provided with grinding parts, wherein the rotors are installed on a hollow, stationary axis through which the material to be milled is fed into the device. The rotors are rotated in opposite directions by means of two separate belt drive electric motors. The disadvantage of this device is low productivity, which is limited by a narrow feed port. The device is not suitable for either fractionation (neither particle size nor chemical fractionation) of the material to be milled, and/or separation of material fractions. The device cannot be used for simultaneous milling and thermal (hot and/or cold) processing. The device is opened by means of a hinged hatch; this solution does not enable the minimisation of the radial gap between the rings of crushing elements (pins), which reduce the efficiency of the device.

[0014] A milling device or disintegrator (EE05478B1 ) is known and is comprised of a housing, where the first rotor is mounted on a hollow stationary axis and the second rotor is installed directly on the rotating shaft. This solution makes it possible to open the operation zone of the device by means of a hinged hatch opening. The disadvantages of this solution are low productivity and efficiency.

[0015] A milling device or pulverising apparatus (US5890665) is known and is comprised of a housing accommodating a rotor mounted on a rotating shaft. The second rotor is replaced by a stator mounted on a hinged hatch opening. Air is supplied in the operation zone of the apparatus to both ensure the material to be milled travels through the operation zone, and allows for the screening (fractioning) of material particles according to the particle size. The disadvantages of this solution are low productivity and efficiency.

[0016] A milling device or disintegrator (US3894895) is known and is comprised of a housing accommodating two reverse rotating rotors and operative elements concentrically mounted on these. The disadvantages of this solution are low productivity and efficiency. A specific disadvantage is that the blades mounted on the perimeter of the rotor achieve a 'ventilation effect'. These blades decelerate the travelling of the material through the operation zone and thereby reduce the productivity of the device.

[0017] A method for fine milling and activation of inorganic materials with a

crystalline structure (US2009084877) is known. This method does not allow for simultaneous milling, thermal processing and fractionation of organic materials of animal origin in a way that would provide the required productivity of the device, fineness of grind, thermal processing

requirements (incineration level and cold processing), and separation of material fractions.

Disclosure of Invention

[0018] The purpose of the present solution is to offer a device in which it would be possible to carry out milling, thermal processing, and fractionation operations of raw materials during a short period (0.1 -60 seconds). To achieve a short processing time, a rotor-type solution is used in which the energy transmitted to the material particles during processing is at least 10 3 Nm/kg. The same solution also involves a method which makes it possible to use hot, cold and mixed regimes to thermally process raw materials of animal origin.

[0019] Unlike existing solutions, the device and method corresponding to this invention enables the following: to process animal by-products rapidly, meaning that milling, thermal processing, and fractionation of raw materials is carried out within 60 seconds; to use hot, cold and mixed thermal methods in one device to process animal by-products; to simultaneously carry out multiple material processing stages in a single device (fine milling, thermal processing, fractionation, and fraction separation); to efficiently route material to be processed from the feed zone to the operation zone of the device; to process hard materials (e.g., particles of bone raw material, keratin raw material, and materials containing tendons and connective tissue); and to minimise the radial gap between the rings of the crushing elements (pins). [0020] More specifically, the objective of this solution is to offer a device and method for carrying out processing operations in the meat and fish industries so that, in addition to the fractions of fat and mineral meal separated from raw materials, protein fractions are also separated such that all valuable agents of protein are preserved due to the short processing time and mild processing regimes. In a wider approach a solution corresponding to the given invention can be used in various industry branches to carry out milling, thermal processing, and

fractionation of organic materials.

[0021] The solution corresponding to the given invention can be used as a

separate device, or it can easily be combined with existing systems used to treat meat and raw fish materials. The device enables hot, cold, and mixed thermal processing.

[0022] Unlike existing solutions, the device and method corresponding to this invention enable processing operations to be carried out during a very short time (from 0.1 -60 seconds). Processing conditions are controlled and flexible - if needed, the properties of the material to be processed can be changed by using various regimes of thermal processing: hot, cold, and mixed processing. For this purpose the device is provided with inlets to leading steam, hot or cold water, or ice water into the operation zone of the device.

[0023] This invention application offers a milling device whose operative parts

(rotors or a rotor and stator) are installed on a horizontal or vertical plane. The crushing elements (pins) form at least two processing rings on the operative parts (rotor and stator).

[0024] To increase productivity, the operation zone is formed on a vertical axis.

This facilitates installation of a large feed hopper above the operation zone, which prevents the jamming of raw materials being fed into the feed hopper. To further increase productivity there is a dispenser (feeder) installed in the operation zone which enables uniform feeding (spraying) of the material in the operation zone, which in turn prevents the jamming of the material to be milled. A cone with a smooth or rifled surface can be used as a feeder. A fractionation section mounted on a loading port facilitates the separation of material fractions (solid and liquid) fractionated during processing. The hatch of the device can be opened in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor, which enables the radial gap between the operation rings (rings of pins) to be reduced, which in turn significantly increases the productivity of the device.

[0025] Materials are processed in the device as follows: preliminary mixing takes place in the feed hopper by means of an auxiliary device (feeder) installed for this purpose and/or a medium (steam, hot water, ice or ice water) to be added. Materials in the operation zone travel by means of a Coriolis force that acts radially on the operative parts and are exposed to sliding, attrition, impact crushing (spraying), and cutting. Material particles to be milled are accelerated in the zones between the concentric rings. The material particles are thrown against the crushing elements and internal wall of the housing - impact crushing takes place here; the particles travel along the surface of the pins, rotor, and housing - attrition takes place here; the materials are cut and flattened when larger particles travel from one processing ring to another. Particles collide back in the initial zone of processing; the addition of water, steam, and ice in the operation zone increases the milling effect, and thermal processing (incineration or cold processing) and primary fractionation take place.

[0026] Fractions (solid particles and liquid fractions) fractionated during

processing are separated from the operation zone by means of a fractionator built in the outlet. Primary fractionation takes place on the inner surface of the spherical housing of the device, upon which milled and/or thermally processed materials from the operation zone are layered by spraying. This material layer travels on the inner surface of the housing and here different layers of material particles form depending on their specific weight. Fractionation sections are mounted in the loading port of the device, and the material that is layered there is fractionated into material fractions that separate from one another. As a minimum 2 fractionation sections are required; the maximum number of fractionation sections depends on the properties of the material to be processed, the processing regimes and the objectives of processing. The minimum time that particles spend in the device is 0.1 seconds; the maximum processing time is 60 seconds.

[0027] Unlike existing solutions, the device and method corresponding to this invention application, to be used in the meat and fish industries, provide the following possible uses:

Simultaneous fractionation, milling, and thermal processing of raw materials, thereby creating conditions that have the possibility to further separate protein, fat, and mineral particles;

to use hot, cold, and mixed thermal processing methods;

to mill and fractionate material in the device, where, in addition to centrifugal force, separation is accomplished using the energy transmitted to the material particles to be processed along with the dynamics of these particles - acceleration, back collisions, friction, movement of single particles and a material layer formed from particles;

due to the short processing time (0.1 -60 seconds), protein compounds, fat, and mineral components fractionated in the device are of higher value and are suitable for use as food and feed additives and for other purposes;

to simultaneously process hard, soft, and different types of raw material of animal origin;

in addition to fat and mineral meal fractions separated from the raw material, the device will also separate protein fractions, which, thanks to soft processing regimes, preserves its proprietary value added agents;

to also utilize the presented solution for the processing of other organic materials where simultaneous milling, thermal processing, and fractionation is required; and

to use the device as an autonomous system or to integrate it into an existing system for processing raw materials of animal origin.

[0028] This invention offers a method for processing raw material of animal origin and is comprised of the following elements and capabilities: a device which enables quick (from 0.1 -60 seconds) milling, thermal processing, and fractionation of raw material;

a rotor-rotor or rotor-stator milling device whose operative parts are installed on a horizontal or vertical plane;

a device whose housing is a hollow cylinder with thick walls, on the internal walls of which fractionation takes place when the material layer is travelling;

a device whose hatch opens in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor; this solution makes it possible to reduce the radial gap between the processing rings (rings of the pins);

the operative parts of the device are two wheels mounted opposite each other on which concentric rings of the crushing elements (pins) are mounted; the wheels rotate in opposite directions; the rings of the pins are arranged in an interlaced configuration and form an operation zone in which the raw material is processed;

a device in which steam, hot, or cold water, and/or ice can be added in the feed hopper or operation zone for thermal processing of materials; a device in which processing of materials takes place simultaneously with attrition, impact crushing, spraying of material, cutting, flattening, friction, back collision of material particles, and fractionation; and a device in which materials are influenced by complex implementation of such means as thermal shock, cavitation, hydraulic impacts, and de- relaxation of material particles.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0029] This invention is further explained with references to the enclosed

drawings, where

[0030] Figure 1 depicts the side view of the device corresponding to the invention;

[0031] Figure 2 depicts a cross-section (A-A) of the device depicted in Figure 1 ; and

[0032] Figure 3 depicts the block scheme of a method that can be used with the device and also forms part of the invention.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention [0033] A device corresponding to the invention can be used as an autonomous device or integrated into existing hot processing systems of solid and liquid fractions, for instance, in a constantly operating screw cooker or a similar device, processing in an autoclave, dry and wet processing in a horizontal vacuum boiler, and in other devices with a similar purpose.

[0034] Figures 1 and 2 depict a device corresponding to the given invention for processing material (for instance, meat and fish raw material), in which milling, thermal processing, and fractionation operations take place simultaneously.

[0035] The device consists of a main frame 1 , a housing made of hollow cylinders with thick walls 2, a hatch 3, a cone-shaped dispenser or hopper 4 with a smooth or rifled surface installed in the feed port of the housing 2 and fastened on a rotor 5, and operative parts, which are formed of two wheels 5 and 6 installed opposite to each other and upon which concentric rings are fastened in an interlaced configuration of crushing elements, or pins 7 and 8.

[0036] The rings of the pins 7 and 8 are arranged in an interlaced configuration to form an operation zone where processing (for instance crushing and mixing) of raw material is carried out. On the inner surface of the housing 2, fractionation of the material to be processed is carried when the material layer is travelling.

[0037] The main frame 1 is made of profile steel as a welded structure or steel casting; its function is to provide a fastening base for individual assembly units and to ensure their correct interaction. The housing 2 is a hollow cylinder with thick walls to ensure safe operation of the operative part and reduce noise. The feed hopper 9 mounted on the hatch 3 of the housing 2 is meant to ensure a uniform feed of the material into the operation zone. A stator 6 with stationary impact elements (pins) 8 are fasted on the inner side of the hatch 3. The hatch 3 can be opened in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor 5, which significantly increases the efficiency of the device because the design enables a minimal radial gap between the processing rings. A processing effect is induced in which impact and friction milling is complemented with milling by cutting. The efficiency of milling and thermal processing is enhanced because the time between quick sequential impacts given to the material particles is reduced, which in turn deepens the re-relaxation effect of the material being processed.

[0038] In one of the embodiment examples of the device corresponding to this solution the device is of rotor-rotor type, where wheels 5 and 6, placed opposite each other, rotate in opposite directions. In another embodiment example a rotor-stator type of solution is used in which one of the wheels 6 of the operative part is stationary and mounted in the housing 2 of the device, or as depicted in Figure 2 to the inner side of the hatch 3. Figure 1 depicts a rotor-stator type solution corresponding to the given invention, where the upper wheel or stator 6 is a stationary wheel and the lower wheel or rotor 5 is a rotating wheel, wherein the operative parts are oriented on a horizontal or vertical plane.

[0039] The rotor 5 is mounted on a core, which is rotated via a transmission or is mounted on the shaft 1 1 of the motor 10. The device is driven by at least one motor. To increase the productivity of the device, i.e., to ensure a uniform distribution of the material or material spraying into the operation zone, a distributor or feeder 4 is installed in the feed port. In the preferred embodiment example of the device the feeder 4 is a cone with a smooth or rifled surface.

[0040] Material fractions (for instance solid particles or liquid fractions)

fractionated during processing are separated from the operation zone in the separation zone 12. Primary fractionation takes place on the inner surface of the spherical housing 2 of the device, upon which milled and/or a layer of thermally processed material travelling on the internal surface of the housing 2 is sprayed from the operation zone. In the material layer, layers of material particles form depending on the specific weight thereof. The processed (milled, thermally processed, and fractionated) material is led out through the loading port 13. Fractionation sections 14 are mounted in the loading port of the device upon which fractions fractionated in the travelling material layer are separated from one another.

[0041] Preliminary mixing of raw materials takes place in the feed hopper 9, by means of a feeder 4 installed for this purpose and/or by means of a medium (e.g. steam, hot water, ice or ice water) added via the relevant inlets 15. Material that comes into the operation zone is led radially on operative parts, which are wheels 5 and 6 and impact elements (pins) 7 and 8. After mixing, milling, and thermal processing of the raw material, the material being processed is led onto the inner surface of the housing 2 surrounding the operation zone; the material layer formed on it is led to the loading port 14. If needed, an additional medium (e.g., steam, hot or cold water, ice or ice water) is added into the operation zone via the relevant inlets 15.

[0042] Figure 3 depicts a method for processing raw material (including milling, thermal processing, and fractionation) which includes the following stages: preparation of the raw material (milling); thermal processing; fractionation of the components contained in the raw material; separation of

components (fractioning); and processing of components.

[0043] The material is processed in the device as follows: preliminary mixing

takes place in the feed hopper 9 by means of an auxiliary device (feeder) 4 and/or by means of a medium (steam, hot water, ice or ice water) added via an inlet 15. The material to be led into the operation zone travels by means of a Coriolis force that acts radially on the operative parts and is exposed to sliding, attrition, impact crushing (spraying), and cutting. The material particles to be milled are accelerated in the zones between the concentric rings. The material particles are thrown against the crushing elements and internal wall of the housing, where impact crushing takes place; particles are guided along the inner surface of the pins 7 and 8, rotor 5, and housing 2, where attrition takes place; the material is cut and flattened when larger particles travel from one processing ring to another. Particles collide from the initial zone of processing; addition of water, steam and/or ice in the operation zone increases both the milling effect and thermal processing and primary fractionation takes place. Material particles released from the operation zone reside on the surface of the housing of the device and a layer is formed whose thickness and travelling speed are in constant motion. In this layer final fractionation takes place depending on the specific weight of the material particles and the material layer is led along the inner surface of the housing 2 to the loading port 13, where fractionation takes place. Processing of the fractionated material is carried out by means of known technological solutions.

[0044] The main method of preparing raw material is milling. For treating meat, meat products, and by-products of meat, multiple-stage milling is applied. The first stage of milling or preliminary milling of the raw material and processing of the resulting components is carried out by means of known technological methods. In conjunction with the second stage of milling or fine milling, thermal processing of raw materials, extraction from solid to liquid phases of the main components (for instance fat and protein) contained in the raw materials, fractionation of components (for instance solid, liquid broth, and fat), and separation (fractioning) are carried out in a complex manner, if required.

[0045] In the thermal processing stage hot processing is used, e.g. ,in the form of heating, cooking, or sterilizing with direct or indirect steam, electricity, induction method, microwaves, or high frequency current etc. During fractionation of the components, the processed mass is divided into two (solid/liquid) or three phases: solid, fat, and broth.

[0046] To carry out fractionation decantation, screening, pressing, centrifuging, or separation is applied. During the processing of components, fractions are rendered useable by means of cleaning, milling, cooling, and packing.

Claims

1. A device for processing raw material, including fine nnilling, thermal processing, and fractionation of components of the meat, fish, and other organic raw materials to separate the fat, protein, and mineral compounds, and to facilitate the final processing thereof, comprising a main frame (1 ), housing (2), hatch (3), feeder (4), rotor (5), stator (6), crushing elements (7, 8), electric motor (10), shaft (1 1 ), fraction separation zone (12), loading port (13), and fractionation sections (14), characterised in that the feeder (4) is installed in the feed port of the housing (2), as a rotor (5) and stator (6) where there are two wheels placed opposite each other, oriented on a horizontal or vertical plane, with concentric rings of crushing elements (7, 8) mounted on it, wherein the rotor (5) is connected to the shaft (1 1) of the electrical motor (10) and rotate together with the stator (6) in the opposite direction, the stator (6) is fixed on the inner side of the hatch (3), the feed hopper (9) is fastened to the hatch (3) of the housing (2), the feeder (4) is fastened to the feed port of the housing (2), and the fractionation sections(14) are installed in the loading port (13).

2. The device according to claim 1 , characterised in that the feed hopper (9) is additionally equipped with a medium inlet (15).

3. The device according to claim 1 , characterised in that the crushing elements (7, 8) are pins, which are arranged in an interlaced configuration on the rotor (5) and stator (6), wherein the rotation of the rotor (5) forms an operation zone.

4. The device according to claim 1 , characterised in that the feeder (4) is a cone with a smooth or rifled surface.

5. The device according to claim 1 , characterised in that the hatch (3) can be

opened in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor (5).

6. The device according to claim 1 , characterised in that the pins (7, 8) form at least two processing rings on the rotor (5) and stator (6).

7. The device according to claims 1 and 3, characterised in that the operation zone is formed on a vertical axis, wherein the feed hopper (9) is installed above the operation zone and the feeder (4) is installed in the operation zone.

8. A method for processing raw material, including milling, thermal processing, and fractionation of components of the meat, fish, and other organic raw materials comprising of preparing and milling of the raw material, thermal processing, stages of fractionation, and processing of components,

characterised in that fine milling, thermal processing, fractionation and fraction separation processes are carried out simultaneously in one device, wherein preliminary mixing takes place in a feed hopper (9) or/and a feeder (4), raw materials led into the operation zone are directed on operative parts, material particles to be milled are accelerated in the zones between concentric rings, material particles are thrown against the pins (7, 8) and internal wall of the housing (2), particles are led along the inner surfaces of the pins (7, 8), rotor (5) and housing (2) and milling is performed, particles are led from one processing ring to another, particles are cut and flattened, particles are back collided to the initial zone of processing, thus increasing the milling effect, thermal processing and initial fractionation are performed, material particles exiting the operation zone are sent to the housing (2) surface, final

fractionation is performed, and the material layer is led along the inner surface of the housing (2) to a loading port (13), where collection of the fractions takes place.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterised in that simultaneously with processing, fractions of fat, protein, and minerals are separated.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterised in that milling of raw materials, thermal processing, and fractionation take place simultaneously within a short period of 0.1 -60 seconds, wherein during processing the material particles are provided with specific energy at least 10³ Nm/kg.

1 1. The method according to claim 8, characterised in that a hot, cold or mixed method is used for the thermal processing of raw materials.

12. The method according to claim 8, characterised in that the raw material is

fractionated using energy transmitted to the material particles to be processed together with the dynamics of the material particles.

13. The method according to claim 8, characterised in that in order to increase the effect of milling, water, steam, or ice is added as an additional medium.

14. The method according to claim 8, characterised in that for preliminary mixing of raw materials, an additional medium is used, which is added through the relevant inlets (15).