EP2789839A2 - System and method for water injection for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

System and method for water injection for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2789839A2
EP2789839A2 EP14156485.6A EP14156485A EP2789839A2 EP 2789839 A2 EP2789839 A2 EP 2789839A2 EP 14156485 A EP14156485 A EP 14156485A EP 2789839 A2 EP2789839 A2 EP 2789839A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injectors
water
fuel
injected
internal combustion
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP14156485.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2789839B1 (en
EP2789839A3 (en
Inventor
Martin Böhm
Stephan Knips
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094—Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/042—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit
    • F02M69/046—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit for injecting into both the combustion chamber and the intake conduit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a method for water injection for an internal combustion engine.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize a water injection.
  • a system for injecting water for an internal combustion engine having first injectors, each injecting a liquid directly into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and second injectors, each injecting a liquid into a suction pipe in front of the combustion chamber.
  • first injectors each injecting a liquid directly into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine
  • second injectors each injecting a liquid into a suction pipe in front of the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel supply valve and the water supply valve are switchable so that the first injectors are in fluid communication with the fuel tank as well as with the water reservoir and the second injectors in fluid communication with the fuel tank can be brought.
  • water can be provided for injection directly into the combustion chamber, possibly mixed with fuel.
  • this system allows independent of the water injection to make the fuel supply in two ways, namely on the one hand via a direct injection by means of the first injectors directly into the combustion chamber and the other via a port injection in front of the combustion chamber, wherein the fuel mixes with the introduced air.
  • the system according to the invention thus makes it possible to optimize the performance and the fuel consumption over the entire working range of the internal combustion engine.
  • the injection timing of the water injection may be varied and shifted with respect to the time of fuel injection.
  • the first injectors are preferably preceded by a high-pressure pump which can be brought into fluid communication with the fuel tank via the fuel supply valve and via the water supply valve with the water reservoir.
  • the high-pressure pump advantageously corresponds to the usual high-pressure fuel pump of a direct-injection system, which is used to generate the necessary injection pressure for the first injectors. Water and fuel may be mixed before or in the pump and the mixture injected. It is also possible, if no fuel is to be supplied via the first injectors, only to promote water with the high-pressure pump.
  • the water supply valve is preferably a metering valve, via which the water injection is freely adjustable up to a predetermined maximum flow. In this way one gains another variable parameter that can be used to optimize combustion.
  • the necessary injection pressure for the second injectors can usually already be achieved by a fuel prefeed pump upstream of the high-pressure pump, which is usually part of the direct injection system.
  • an additional water pump is preferably connected between the water reservoir and the water supply valve, which promotes water to the high pressure pump.
  • the fuel supply valve, the water supply valve and also the water supply pump are preferably connected by a control unit as needed, wherein the control unit can advantageously also control the second injectors.
  • the control unit is connected, for example, to an engine electronics of the internal combustion engine or integrated into these.
  • water is injected via the first injectors into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine only in certain load ranges or operating modes of the internal combustion engine and fuel depends on the load range or operating mode either directly via the first injectors in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine or injected via the second injectors in the suction tube, more precisely in a Saugrohrabrough directly upstream of the combustion chambers.
  • This method can be realized well with a system as described above.
  • the fuel injection is preferably carried out either exclusively in the combustion chamber or exclusively in the Saugrohrabites, but not in both areas simultaneously.
  • the water injection preferably always takes place only in the combustion chamber and not in the Saugrohrabites, but it can be suspended depending on the load range of the internal combustion engine or its operating mode.
  • no water can be injected in a first load range or operating mode of the internal combustion engine, and fuel can be injected into the combustion chambers exclusively via the first injectors.
  • This mode of operation is approximately favorable in the case of a cold start of the internal combustion engine or in the regeneration of a catalytic converter, ie in cases where heating of the internal combustion engine or generation of a high exhaust gas temperature is desired.
  • this second load range which is in particular in a medium speed range below the full load, preferably no water is injected, and fuel is injected exclusively via the second injectors in the respective Saugrohrabchanging.
  • this second load range may, for example, be below 4,000 rpm and below approximately 200 Nm (or below 100 Nm / liter displacement).
  • a third load range which is in particular in a medium speed range substantially at full load, however, preferably water is injected via the first injectors into the combustion chambers and fuel injected exclusively via the second injectors in the Saugrohrabchanging.
  • This third load range for example, at less than 4,000 1 / min and from about 200 Nm
  • the cooling effect of injected water is desirable and provides e.g. for an increase in performance of the internal combustion engine.
  • the timing of the water injection may be offset from the timing of the fuel injection in the duty cycle of the internal combustion engine.
  • a fourth load range which is in particular in a high speed range substantially at full load, water and fuel can be injected via the first injectors in the combustion chambers.
  • This fourth load range may, for example, be above 4,000 rpm and above approximately 150 Nm (or approximately 75 Nm / liter displacement).
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a system 10 for injection of water for an internal combustion engine 12, in which the internal combustion engine 12 in addition to conventional fuel and water or a mixture of water with other liquids can be supplied.
  • the internal combustion engine 12 is a gasoline engine and the fuel is gasoline.
  • the amount of water injected is less than the amount of fuel injected.
  • the internal combustion engine 12 has a plurality of combustion chambers 14, in each of which an unillustrated piston is moved to generate the drive energy.
  • Each of the combustion chambers 14 is in direct flow communication with a first injector 16, which injects liquid supplied by a high pressure pump 18 into the combustion chamber 14.
  • the high-pressure pump 18 generates, for example, a pressure of 200 to 250 bar.
  • the combustion chambers 14 are also supplied via a suction pipe 20, a gas mixture for combustion of the fuel, wherein a separate Saugrohrabchanging 22 leads to each of the combustion chambers 14.
  • a second injector 24 is arranged, which can inject a liquid in the Saugrohrabites 22 in front of the combustion chamber 14.
  • the internal combustion engine 12 is provided with a turbocharger so that compressed air, optionally mixed with recirculated exhaust gas, is introduced into the intake manifold 20.
  • the compressed charge air is cooled in a charge air cooler 26, which is downstream of a compressor 28 in terms of flow.
  • the compressor 28 is driven by a turbine 30 in the exhaust system 32.
  • the charge air flow is controlled in a known manner by an air mass meter 34.
  • one or more exhaust treatment systems 36 are provided here, for example, conventional catalysts or particulate filters that absorb pollutants from the exhaust.
  • the fuel is supplied to the high pressure pump 18 and the second injectors 24 from a fuel tank 38.
  • a fuel line connected to the fuel tank 38 branches into a fuel line 44 leading to the second injectors 24 and a fuel line 46 leading to the high pressure pump 18 and to the first injectors 16.
  • a valve 40 disposed in the fuel line 46 upstream of the high pressure pump 18 allows shutoff of the fuel flow to the first injectors 16.
  • the injection pressure for the second injectors 24 is generated here alone via a fuel feed pump 42, which also delivers the fuel from the fuel tank 38 to the high-pressure pump 18.
  • the injection via the second injectors 24 is controlled by valves of the injectors 24. It would also be possible to use a further valve in the fuel line 44 from the fuel tank 38 to the second injectors 24 or to place the valve 40 at the branch of the fuel lines 44, 46 and form it, for example as a 3/2-way valve to a To selectively open or close fuel supply to the high-pressure pump 18 or to the second injectors 24.
  • a water reservoir 48 is connected to the high-pressure pump 18 via a water supply pump 50 and a water supply valve 52 in a water supply line 54.
  • the water supply valve 52 is designed as a metering valve, so that the flow of water to the high pressure pump 18 and above the injected amount of water can be varied.
  • the necessary prefeed pressure can be adjusted via the water feed pump 50, this can e.g. generate a pressure of about 1 to 10 bar.
  • the water reservoir 48 has, for example, a volume of 8 to 10 liters.
  • control of the second injectors 24, optionally the first injectors 16, the fuel supply valve 40, the water supply valve 52 and the water supply pump 50 is here taken over by a control unit 56 which can communicate via control lines 58 with these components (in the FIG. 1 For reasons of clarity, only one of the lines is provided with a reference numeral).
  • the control unit 56 also receives information from a pressure sensor 60 located upstream of the water supply valve 52 in the water supply 54, and from a temperature sensor 62 which measures the temperature of the water in the water supply 48.
  • a level gauge 64 monitors the level of the water in the water reservoir 48 and also reports this to the control unit 56th
  • the inlet of the water supply line 54 is here protected by a filter 66, which filters out contaminants from the water.
  • a heater 68 is provided for heating the water in the water reservoir 48 to prevent it from freezing at low ambient temperatures or at low ambient temperatures Thawing the vehicle.
  • the heater is also controlled via the control unit 56 here.
  • the system 10 may be switched so that fuel is selectively injected through the first injectors 16 at high pressure directly into the combustion chambers 14 or alternatively under low pressure via the second injectors 24 into the suction pipe sections 22 and from there to the combustion chambers 14 supplied air flow enters the combustion chambers 14.
  • fuel is supplied either via the first injectors 16 or via the second injectors 24.
  • the choice of fuel injection is, as will be described below, depending on the load range or operating mode in which the internal combustion engine 12 is working.
  • Water can be mixed with the fuel injected via the first injectors 16 directly into the combustion chambers 14 via the water supply line 54.
  • the mixing takes place here directly in the high-pressure pump 18 or in a supply line directly upstream of the high-pressure pump 18.
  • the interconnection is designed so that water also reaches the high-pressure pump 18 when the fuel supply valve 40 is closed and the fuel exclusively via the second injectors 24 is injected into the suction pipe sections 22. In this case it is also possible to choose the timing of the water injection so that it does not coincide with the fuel injection.
  • the water injection is switched on only in certain load ranges, in which a performance improvement by the water supply can be achieved.
  • the water supply is turned off when the level gauge 64 indicates too low a level or the temperature sensor 62 a too low temperature in the water reservoir 48, which is at risk of freezing.
  • FIG. 2 It is shown how the system 10, the water and fuel injection in different load ranges of the internal combustion engine 12 can be varied.
  • load ranges or operating modes are given.
  • the details of the individual load ranges are, of course, variable at the discretion of the skilled person.
  • Injection via the first injectors 16 is marked with a "B", injection via the second injectors 24 with an "S".
  • a first load range or operating mode I which corresponds to a cold start of the internal combustion engine, but also alternatively during operation of the motor vehicle a state in which a regeneration of the exhaust gas treatment plants 36 is to be made, the fuel is exclusively via the first injectors 16 in the combustion chambers 14 injected. There is no water discharge. In these operating modes, rapid heating of the internal combustion engine 12 or a high exhaust gas temperature is desired.
  • a second load range II which is in a medium speed range and at a torque below the full load of the internal combustion engine 12 (in the example of FIG. 2 below about 4,000 1 / min and below about 200 Nm)
  • a torque below the full load of the internal combustion engine 12 in the example of FIG. 2 below about 4,000 1 / min and below about 200 Nm
  • the fuel is injected completely via the second injectors 24 into the suction pipe sections 22 in front of the combustion chambers 14.
  • the fuel supply valve 40 in the fuel line 44 is closed.
  • the high pressure pump 18 may be turned off in this case.
  • a third load range III which is also in a medium speed range, but at a higher load, especially at full load (in the example of FIG. 2 below about 4,000 rpm and at torques of above about 200 Nm)
  • the fuel injection continues to take place exclusively via the second injectors 24 in the Saugrohrabête 22 in front of the combustion chamber 14, but it is simultaneously water through the first injectors 16 in the Combustion chambers 14 injected.
  • Water is now conveyed via the water supply pump 50, the water supply valve 52 and the high-pressure pump 18 from the water reservoir 48 to the first injectors 16 and injected with high injection pressure into the combustion chambers 14. There it can develop a cooling effect and thus positively influence the combustion in the combustion chambers 14.
  • a fourth load range IV which is here at high speed and preferably also at full load (above about 4,000 rpm and at torques above about 150 Nm)
  • the water injection via the first injectors 16, which changes fuel injection is finally maintained however, from the second injectors 24 to the first injectors 16.
  • Fuel and water are mixed in and before the high pressure pump 18, respectively.
  • the amount of water to be injected is determined by controlling the flow through the water supply valve 52 by the control unit 56.
  • the mixture of water and fuel is injected via the first injectors 16 into the combustion chambers 14.
  • the amount of water to be injected may e.g. Even within the load ranges can still be varied within a certain range to optimally adjust the combustion process.

Abstract

Ein System zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) hat erste Injektoren (16), die jeweils eine Flüssigkeit direkt in eine Brennkammer (14) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) einspritzen und zweite Injektoren (24), die jeweils eine Flüssigkeit in ein Saugrohr (20) vor der Brennkammer (14) einspritzen. Es ist wenigstens ein zwischen einem Kraftstofftank (38) und den ersten und zweiten Injektoren (24) angeordnetes Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil (40) und ein zwischen einem Wasservorratsbehälter (48) und den ersten Injektoren (16) angeordnetes Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil (52) vorgesehen. Die Ventile (40, 52) sind so schaltbar, dass die ersten Injektoren (16) sowohl in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Kraftstofftank (38) als auch mit dem Wasservorratsbehälter (48) und die zweiten Injektoren (24) in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Kraftstofftank (38) bringbar sind. Wasser wird nur in bestimmten Lastbereichen über die ersten Injektoren (16) in die Brennkammern (14) eingespritzt. Kraftstoff wird abhängig vom Lastbereich entweder über die ersten Injektoren (16) direkt in die Brennkammern (14) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) oder über zweite Injektoren (24) in das Saugrohr (20) stromaufwärts der Brennkammern (14) eingespritzt.A system for injecting water for an internal combustion engine (12) has first injectors (16) each injecting a liquid directly into a combustion chamber (14) of the internal combustion engine (12) and second injectors (24), each a liquid in a suction pipe (20 ) in front of the combustion chamber (14). At least one fuel supply valve (40) disposed between a fuel tank (38) and the first and second injectors (24) and a water supply valve (52) disposed between a water reservoir (48) and the first injectors (16) are provided. The valves (40, 52) are switchable such that the first injectors (16) are in fluid communication with the fuel tank (38) as well as with the water reservoir (48) and the second injectors (24) in fluid communication with the fuel tank (38). can be brought. Water is injected into the combustion chambers (14) only in certain load ranges via the first injectors (16). Fuel is injected depending on the load range either via the first injectors (16) directly into the combustion chambers (14) of the internal combustion engine (12) or via second injectors (24) in the suction pipe (20) upstream of the combustion chambers (14).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System und ein Verfahren zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine.The invention relates to a system and a method for water injection for an internal combustion engine.

Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere bei Ottomotoren für Personenkraftfahrzeuge, kann eine Einspritzung von Wasser zusätzlich zum eigentlichen Kraftstoff die Fahreigenschaften günstig beeinflussen, indem beispielsweise eine Kühlwirkung erzielt wird. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine klopfende Verbrennung unterdrückt werden kann, und der Wirkungsgrad der Verbrennung und damit die Leistung gesteigert bzw. der Kraftstoffverbrauch gesenkt werden kann.In internal combustion engines, especially in gasoline engines for passenger cars, an injection of water in addition to the actual fuel can affect the driving characteristics low, for example by a cooling effect is achieved. It has been found that a knocking combustion can be suppressed, and the efficiency of the combustion and thus the performance can be increased or the fuel consumption can be reduced.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Wassereinspritzung zu optimieren.The object of the invention is to optimize a water injection.

Dies ist mit einem System zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine möglich, das erste Injektoren aufweist, die jeweils eine Flüssigkeit direkt in eine Brennkammer der Verbrennungskraftmaschine einspritzen, und zweite Injektoren, die jeweils eine Flüssigkeit in ein Saugrohr vor der Brennkammer einspritzen. Es ist wenigstens ein Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil vorgesehen, das zwischen einem Kraftstofftank und den ersten und zweiten Injektoren angeordnet ist, und ein Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil, das zwischen einem Wasser-Vorratsbehälter und den ersten Injektoren angeordnet ist. Das Kraftstoff-Zuleitungsventil und das Wasser-Zuleitungsventil sind so schaltbar, dass die ersten Injektoren sowohl in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Kraftstofftank als auch mit dem Wasser-Vorratsbehälter und die zweiten Injektoren in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Kraftstofftank bringbar sind. Auf diese Weise lässt sich in bestimmten Lastbereichen oder Betriebszuständen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine Wasser zur Einspritzung direkt in die Brennkammer bereitstellen, gegebenenfalls gemischt mit Kraftstoff. Außerdem erlaubt dieses System unabhängig von der Wassereinspritzung die Kraftstoffversorgung auf zwei Arten vorzunehmen, nämlich zum einen über eine Direkteinspritzung mittels der ersten Injektoren direkt in die Brennkammer und zum anderen über eine Saugrohreinspritzung vor der Brennkammer, wobei sich der Kraftstoff mit der eingeleiteten Luft mischt. Das erfindungsgemäße System erlaubt es so, die Leistung und den Kraftstoffverbrauch über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu optimieren.This is possible with a system for injecting water for an internal combustion engine having first injectors, each injecting a liquid directly into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and second injectors, each injecting a liquid into a suction pipe in front of the combustion chamber. There is provided at least one fuel supply valve disposed between a fuel tank and the first and second injectors, and a water supply valve disposed between a water reservoir and the first injectors. The fuel supply valve and the water supply valve are switchable so that the first injectors are in fluid communication with the fuel tank as well as with the water reservoir and the second injectors in fluid communication with the fuel tank can be brought. In this way, in certain load ranges or operating states of the internal combustion engine, water can be provided for injection directly into the combustion chamber, possibly mixed with fuel. In addition, this system allows independent of the water injection to make the fuel supply in two ways, namely on the one hand via a direct injection by means of the first injectors directly into the combustion chamber and the other via a port injection in front of the combustion chamber, wherein the fuel mixes with the introduced air. The system according to the invention thus makes it possible to optimize the performance and the fuel consumption over the entire working range of the internal combustion engine.

Wenn Kraftstoff über die zweiten Injektoren und Wasser über die ersten Injektoren eingespritzt wird, kann der Einspritzzeitpunkt der Wasserinjektion variiert und bezüglich des Zeitpunkts der Kraftstoffinjektion verschoben werden.When fuel is injected via the second injectors and water is injected via the first injectors, the injection timing of the water injection may be varied and shifted with respect to the time of fuel injection.

Den ersten Injektoren ist vorzugsweise eine Hochdruckpumpe vorgeschaltet, die über das Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil mit dem Kraftstofftank und über das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil mit dem Wasser-Vorratsbehälter in Strömungsverbindung bringbar ist. Die Hochdruckpumpe entspricht vorteilhaft der gewöhnlichen Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe eines Direkteinspritzsystems, die zum Erzeugen des notwendigen Einspritzdrucks für die ersten Injektoren verwendet wird. Wasser und Kraftstoff können vor oder in der Pumpe gemischt und das Gemisch eingespritzt werden. Es ist auch möglich, wenn kein Kraftstoff über die ersten Injektoren zugeführt werden soll, nur Wasser mit der Hochdruckpumpe zu fördern.The first injectors are preferably preceded by a high-pressure pump which can be brought into fluid communication with the fuel tank via the fuel supply valve and via the water supply valve with the water reservoir. The high-pressure pump advantageously corresponds to the usual high-pressure fuel pump of a direct-injection system, which is used to generate the necessary injection pressure for the first injectors. Water and fuel may be mixed before or in the pump and the mixture injected. It is also possible, if no fuel is to be supplied via the first injectors, only to promote water with the high-pressure pump.

Das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil ist vorzugsweise ein Dosierventil, über das die Wassereinspritzung bis zu einem vorbestimmten Maximalfluss frei einstellbar ist. Auf diese Weise gewinnt man einen weiteren variablen Parameter, der zur Optimierung der Verbrennung verwendet werden kann.The water supply valve is preferably a metering valve, via which the water injection is freely adjustable up to a predetermined maximum flow. In this way one gains another variable parameter that can be used to optimize combustion.

Der notwendige Einspritzdruck für die zweiten Injektoren kann meist bereits von einer der Hochdruckpumpe vorgeschalteten Kraftstoff-Vorförderpumpe erreicht werden, die für gewöhnlich Teil des Direkteinspritzsystems ist.The necessary injection pressure for the second injectors can usually already be achieved by a fuel prefeed pump upstream of the high-pressure pump, which is usually part of the direct injection system.

Um das Wasser aus dem Wasser-Vorratsbehälter zu fördern, ist vorzugsweise eine zusätzliche Wasserförderpumpe zwischen den Wasser-Vorratsbehälter und das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil geschaltet, die Wasser zur Hochdruckpumpe fördert.In order to promote the water from the water reservoir, an additional water pump is preferably connected between the water reservoir and the water supply valve, which promotes water to the high pressure pump.

Das Kraftstoff-Zuleitungsventil, das Wasser-Zuleitungsventil und auch die Wasserförderpumpe werden vorzugsweise von einer Steuereinheit je nach Bedarf geschaltet, wobei die Steuereinheit vorteilhaft auch die zweiten Injektoren ansteuern kann. Die Steuereinheit ist beispielsweise mit einer Motorelektronik der Verbrennungskraftmaschine verbunden oder in diese integriert.The fuel supply valve, the water supply valve and also the water supply pump are preferably connected by a control unit as needed, wherein the control unit can advantageously also control the second injectors. The control unit is connected, for example, to an engine electronics of the internal combustion engine or integrated into these.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird nur in bestimmten Lastbereichen bzw. Betriebsmodi der Verbrennungskraftmaschine Wasser über die ersten Injektoren in die Brennkammern der Verbrennungskraftmaschine eingespritzt sowie Kraftstoff abhängig vom Lastbereich bzw. Betriebsmodus entweder über die ersten Injektoren direkt in die Brennkammern der Verbrennungskraftmaschine oder über die zweiten Injektoren in das Saugrohr, genauer in einen Saugrohrabschnitt direkt stromaufwärts der Brennkammern, eingespritzt. Dieses Verfahren kann gut mit einem oben beschriebenen System verwirklicht werden.In a method according to the invention for injecting water for an internal combustion engine, water is injected via the first injectors into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine only in certain load ranges or operating modes of the internal combustion engine and fuel depends on the load range or operating mode either directly via the first injectors in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine or injected via the second injectors in the suction tube, more precisely in a Saugrohrabschnitt directly upstream of the combustion chambers. This method can be realized well with a system as described above.

Die Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt vorzugsweise entweder ausschließlich in die Brennkammer oder ausschließlich in den Saugrohrabschnitt, aber nicht in beide Bereiche gleichzeitig. Die Wassereinspritzung hingegen erfolgt bevorzugt immer nur in die Brennkammer und nicht in den Saugrohrabschnitt, sie kann aber abhängig vom Lastbereich der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. von deren Betriebsmodus ausgesetzt werden.The fuel injection is preferably carried out either exclusively in the combustion chamber or exclusively in the Saugrohrabschnitt, but not in both areas simultaneously. The water injection, however, preferably always takes place only in the combustion chamber and not in the Saugrohrabschnitt, but it can be suspended depending on the load range of the internal combustion engine or its operating mode.

Beispielsweise kann in einem ersten Lastbereich bzw. Betriebsmodus der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kein Wasser eingespritzt werden, und Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die ersten Injektoren in die Brennkammern eingespritzt werden. Diese Betriebsweise ist etwa günstig bei einem Kaltstart der Verbrennungskraftmaschine oder beim Regenerieren eines Katalysators, also in Fällen, wo ein Aufheizen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. das Erzeugen einer hohen Abgastemperatur gewünscht ist.For example, no water can be injected in a first load range or operating mode of the internal combustion engine, and fuel can be injected into the combustion chambers exclusively via the first injectors. This mode of operation is approximately favorable in the case of a cold start of the internal combustion engine or in the regeneration of a catalytic converter, ie in cases where heating of the internal combustion engine or generation of a high exhaust gas temperature is desired.

In einem zweiten Lastbereich, der insbesondere in einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich unterhalb der Volllast liegt, wird bevorzugt kein Wasser eingespritzt, und Kraftstoff wird ausschließlich über die zweiten Injektoren in den jeweiligen Saugrohrabschnitt eingespritzt. Dieser zweite Lastbereich kann, abhängig von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, zum Beispiel bei unter 4.000 1/min und unterhalb von etwa 200 Nm (oder unter 100 Nm/Liter Hubraum) liegen.In a second load range, which is in particular in a medium speed range below the full load, preferably no water is injected, and fuel is injected exclusively via the second injectors in the respective Saugrohrabschnitt. Depending on the internal combustion engine, this second load range may, for example, be below 4,000 rpm and below approximately 200 Nm (or below 100 Nm / liter displacement).

In einem dritten Lastbereich, der insbesondere in einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich im Wesentlichen bei Volllast liegt, wird hingegen vorzugsweise Wasser über die ersten Injektoren in die Brennkammern eingespritzt und Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die zweiten Injektoren in den Saugrohrabschnitt eingespritzt. Dieser dritte Lastbereich kann beispielsweise bei unter 4.000 1/min und ab etwa 200 NmIn a third load range, which is in particular in a medium speed range substantially at full load, however, preferably water is injected via the first injectors into the combustion chambers and fuel injected exclusively via the second injectors in the Saugrohrabschnitt. This third load range, for example, at less than 4,000 1 / min and from about 200 Nm

(oder ab etwa 100 Nm/Liter Hubraum) liegen. In diesem Bereich ist die Kühlwirkung durch eingespritztes Wasser erwünscht und sorgt z.B. für eine Leistungssteigerung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Der Zeitpunkt der Wassereinspritzung kann im Arbeitszyklus der Verbrennungskraftmaschine gegenüber dem Zeitpunkt der Kraftstoffeinspritzung versetzt sein.(or from about 100 Nm / liter displacement) are. In this area, the cooling effect of injected water is desirable and provides e.g. for an increase in performance of the internal combustion engine. The timing of the water injection may be offset from the timing of the fuel injection in the duty cycle of the internal combustion engine.

In einem vierten Lastbereich, der insbesondere in einem hohen Drehzahlbereich im Wesentlichen bei Volllast liegt, können Wasser und Kraftstoff über die ersten Injektoren in die Brennkammern eingespritzt werden. Dieser vierte Lastbereich kann beispielsweise oberhalb von 4.000 1/min und oberhalb von ca. 150 Nm (oder etwa 75 Nm/Liter Hubraum) liegen.In a fourth load range, which is in particular in a high speed range substantially at full load, water and fuel can be injected via the first injectors in the combustion chambers. This fourth load range may, for example, be above 4,000 rpm and above approximately 150 Nm (or approximately 75 Nm / liter displacement).

Die genannten Zahlenwerte sind natürlich abhängig vom jeweiligen Motor und können von Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu Verbrennungskraftmaschine variieren. Prinzipiell empfiehlt sich die Wassereinspritzung bei hohen Drehzahlen und hohen Lastbereichen, wo eine Kühlwirkung vorteilhaft ist.The numerical values mentioned are naturally dependent on the respective engine and can vary from internal combustion engine to internal combustion engine. In principle, the water injection at high speeds and high load ranges, where a cooling effect is advantageous.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein schematisches hydraulisches und elektronisches Schaltbild eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems zur Wassereinspritzung; und
  • Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Einspritzung von Wasser und Kraftstoff in verschiedenen Lastbereichen gemäß einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Wassereinspritzung.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings show:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic hydraulic and electronic circuit diagram of a system according to the invention for water injection; and
  • FIG. 2 a schematic representation of the injection of water and fuel in different load ranges according to a method for water injection according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch ein System 10 zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12, in dem der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 neben konventionellem Kraftstoff auch Wasser bzw. ein Gemisch von Wasser mit anderen Flüssigkeiten zugeführt werden kann. In diesem Beispiel ist die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 ein Otto-Motor und bei dem Kraftstoff handelt es sich um Benzin. FIG. 1 schematically shows a system 10 for injection of water for an internal combustion engine 12, in which the internal combustion engine 12 in addition to conventional fuel and water or a mixture of water with other liquids can be supplied. In this example, the internal combustion engine 12 is a gasoline engine and the fuel is gasoline.

Normalerweise ist die eingespritzte Wassermenge kleiner als die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge.Normally, the amount of water injected is less than the amount of fuel injected.

Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 weist mehrere Brennkammern 14 auf, in denen jeweils ein nicht dargestellter Kolben zur Erzeugung der Antriebsenergie bewegt wird. Jede der Brennkammern 14 steht in direkter Strömungsverbindung mit einem ersten Injektor 16, der Flüssigkeit, die von einer Hochdruckpumpe 18 geliefert wird, in die Brennkammer 14 einspritzt. Die Hochdruckpumpe 18 erzeugt beispielsweise einen Druck von 200 bis 250 bar.The internal combustion engine 12 has a plurality of combustion chambers 14, in each of which an unillustrated piston is moved to generate the drive energy. Each of the combustion chambers 14 is in direct flow communication with a first injector 16, which injects liquid supplied by a high pressure pump 18 into the combustion chamber 14. The high-pressure pump 18 generates, for example, a pressure of 200 to 250 bar.

Den Brennkammern 14 wird zur Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs außerdem über ein Saugrohr 20 ein Gasgemisch zugeführt, wobei ein separater Saugrohrabschnitt 22 zu jeder der Brennkammern 14 führt. An jedem der Saugrohrabschnitte 22 ist ein weiterer, zweiter Injektor 24 angeordnet, der eine Flüssigkeit in den Saugrohrabschnitt 22 vor der Brennkammer 14 einspritzen kann.The combustion chambers 14 are also supplied via a suction pipe 20, a gas mixture for combustion of the fuel, wherein a separate Saugrohrabschnitt 22 leads to each of the combustion chambers 14. At each of the Saugrohrabschnitte 22 another, second injector 24 is arranged, which can inject a liquid in the Saugrohrabschnitt 22 in front of the combustion chamber 14.

Bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten System 10 ist die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 mit einem Turbolader versehen, sodass verdichtete Luft, optional gemischt mit rückgeführtem Abgas, in das Saugrohr 20 eingebracht wird. Die verdichtete Ladeluft wird in einem Ladeluftkühler 26 gekühlt, der einem Verdichter 28 strömungsmäßig nachgeschaltet ist. Der Verdichter 28 wird von einer Turbine 30 im Abgassystem 32 angetrieben. Der Ladeluftstrom wird auf bekannte Weise durch einen Luftmassenmesser 34 gesteuert.At the in FIG. 1 1, the internal combustion engine 12 is provided with a turbocharger so that compressed air, optionally mixed with recirculated exhaust gas, is introduced into the intake manifold 20. The compressed charge air is cooled in a charge air cooler 26, which is downstream of a compressor 28 in terms of flow. The compressor 28 is driven by a turbine 30 in the exhaust system 32. The charge air flow is controlled in a known manner by an air mass meter 34.

Im Abgassystem 32 sind hier ein oder mehrere Abgasbehandlungsanlagen 36 vorgesehen, beispielsweise herkömmliche Katalysatoren oder Rußpartikelfilter, die Schadstoffe aus dem Abgas aufnehmen.In the exhaust system 32, one or more exhaust treatment systems 36 are provided here, for example, conventional catalysts or particulate filters that absorb pollutants from the exhaust.

Der Kraftstoff wird der Hochdruckpumpe 18 bzw. den zweiten Injektoren 24 aus einem Kraftstofftank 38 zugeführt. Eine mit dem Kraftstofftank 38 verbundene Kraftstoffleitung verzweigt sich in eine Kraftstoffleitung 44, die zu den zweiten Injektoren 24 führt, und eine Kraftstoffleitung 46, die zur Hochdruckpumpe 18 und zu den ersten Injektoren 16 führt. Ein Ventil 40, das in der Kraftstoffleitung 46 stromaufwärts der Hochdruckpumpe 18 angeordnet ist, erlaubt eine Abschaltung des Kraftstoffflusses zu den ersten Injektoren 16.The fuel is supplied to the high pressure pump 18 and the second injectors 24 from a fuel tank 38. A fuel line connected to the fuel tank 38 branches into a fuel line 44 leading to the second injectors 24 and a fuel line 46 leading to the high pressure pump 18 and to the first injectors 16. A valve 40 disposed in the fuel line 46 upstream of the high pressure pump 18 allows shutoff of the fuel flow to the first injectors 16.

Der Einspritzdruck für die zweiten Injektoren 24 wird hier alleine über eine Kraftstoff-Vorförderpumpe 42 erzeugt, die den Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstofftank 38 auch zur Hochdruckpumpe 18 fördert.The injection pressure for the second injectors 24 is generated here alone via a fuel feed pump 42, which also delivers the fuel from the fuel tank 38 to the high-pressure pump 18.

Die Einspritzung über die zweiten Injektoren 24 wird durch Ventile der Injektoren 24 kontrolliert. Es wäre auch möglich, in der Kraftstoffleitung 44 vom Kraftstofftank 38 zu den zweiten Injektoren 24 ein weiteres Ventil einzusetzen oder das Ventil 40 an die Verzweigung der Kraftstoffleitungen 44, 46 zu platzieren und es beispielsweise als 3/2-Wege-Ventil auszubilden, um einen Kraftstoffzufluss wahlweise zur Hochdruckpumpe 18 oder zu den zweiten Injektoren 24 freizugeben oder zu verschließen.The injection via the second injectors 24 is controlled by valves of the injectors 24. It would also be possible to use a further valve in the fuel line 44 from the fuel tank 38 to the second injectors 24 or to place the valve 40 at the branch of the fuel lines 44, 46 and form it, for example as a 3/2-way valve to a To selectively open or close fuel supply to the high-pressure pump 18 or to the second injectors 24.

Ein Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 ist über eine Wasserförderpumpe 50 und ein Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil 52 in einer Wasserzuleitung 54 mit der Hochdruckpumpe 18 verbunden. Das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil 52 ist als Dosierventil ausgebildet, sodass die der Wasserfluss zur Hochdruckpumpe 18 und darüber die eingespritzte Wassermenge variiert werden kann. Der notwendige Vorförderdruck lässt sich über die Wasserförderpumpe 50 einstellen, diese kann z.B. einen Druck von etwa 1 bis 10 bar erzeugen. Der Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 hat beispielsweise ein Volumen von 8 bis 10 Litern.A water reservoir 48 is connected to the high-pressure pump 18 via a water supply pump 50 and a water supply valve 52 in a water supply line 54. The water supply valve 52 is designed as a metering valve, so that the flow of water to the high pressure pump 18 and above the injected amount of water can be varied. The necessary prefeed pressure can be adjusted via the water feed pump 50, this can e.g. generate a pressure of about 1 to 10 bar. The water reservoir 48 has, for example, a volume of 8 to 10 liters.

Die Ansteuerung der zweiten Injektoren 24, optional der ersten Injektoren 16, des Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventils 40, des Wasserzuleitungs-Ventils 52 sowie der Wasserförderpumpe 50 wird hier von einer Steuereinheit 56 übernommen, die über Steuerleitungen 58 mit diesen Komponenten kommunizieren kann (in der Figur 1 ist aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nur eine der Leitungen mit einem Bezugszeichen versehen).The control of the second injectors 24, optionally the first injectors 16, the fuel supply valve 40, the water supply valve 52 and the water supply pump 50 is here taken over by a control unit 56 which can communicate via control lines 58 with these components (in the FIG. 1 For reasons of clarity, only one of the lines is provided with a reference numeral).

Die Steuereinheit 56 erhält auch Informationen von einem Drucksensor 60, der stromaufwärts des Wasserzuleitungs-Ventils 52 in der Wasserzuleitung 54 angeordnet ist, sowie von einem Temperatursensor 62, der die Temperatur des Wassers im Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 misst. Ein Füllstandmesser 64 überwacht den Füllstand des Wassers im Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 und meldet diesen ebenfalls an die Steuereinheit 56.The control unit 56 also receives information from a pressure sensor 60 located upstream of the water supply valve 52 in the water supply 54, and from a temperature sensor 62 which measures the temperature of the water in the water supply 48. A level gauge 64 monitors the level of the water in the water reservoir 48 and also reports this to the control unit 56th

Der Einlass der Wasserzuleitung 54 ist hier durch einen Filter 66 geschützt, der Verschmutzungen aus dem Wasser ausfiltert.The inlet of the water supply line 54 is here protected by a filter 66, which filters out contaminants from the water.

Optional ist eine Heizung 68 für die Beheizung des Wassers im Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 vorgesehen, um dieses bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen am Einfrieren zu hindern bzw. bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen beim Starten des Fahrzeugs aufzutauen. Die Heizung wird hier ebenfalls über die Steuereinheit 56 gesteuert.Optionally, a heater 68 is provided for heating the water in the water reservoir 48 to prevent it from freezing at low ambient temperatures or at low ambient temperatures Thawing the vehicle. The heater is also controlled via the control unit 56 here.

Das System 10 kann so geschaltet werden, dass Kraftstoff wahlweise durch die ersten Injektoren 16 mit hohem Druck direkt in die Brennkammern 14 oder alternativ unter niedrigem Druck über die zweiten Injektoren 24 in die Saugrohrabschnitte 22 eingespritzt wird und von dort mit dem den Brennkammern 14 zugeführten Luftstrom in die Brennkammern 14 gelangt.The system 10 may be switched so that fuel is selectively injected through the first injectors 16 at high pressure directly into the combustion chambers 14 or alternatively under low pressure via the second injectors 24 into the suction pipe sections 22 and from there to the combustion chambers 14 supplied air flow enters the combustion chambers 14.

In diesem Beispiel wird Kraftstoff entweder über die ersten Injektoren 16 oder über die zweiten Injektoren 24 zugeführt. Die Wahl der Kraftstoffinjektion ist, wie im Folgenden noch beschrieben wird, abhängig vom Lastbereich oder Betriebsmodus, in dem die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 gerade arbeitet.In this example, fuel is supplied either via the first injectors 16 or via the second injectors 24. The choice of fuel injection is, as will be described below, depending on the load range or operating mode in which the internal combustion engine 12 is working.

Über die Wasserzuleitung 54 kann Wasser dem über die ersten Injektoren 16 direkt in die Brennkammern 14 eingespritzten Kraftstoff beigemischt werden. Die Vermischung erfolgt hier direkt in der Hochdruckpumpe 18 oder in einer Zuleitung direkt stromaufwärts der Hochdruckpumpe 18. Die Verschaltung ist so ausgeführt, dass Wasser auch dann zur Hochdruckpumpe 18 gelangt, wenn das Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil 40 geschlossen ist und der Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die zweiten Injektoren 24 in die Saugrohrabschnitte 22 eingespritzt wird. In diesem Fall ist es auch möglich, dass Timing der Wassereinspritzung so zu wählen, dass diese nicht zeitgleich mit der Kraftstoffeinspritzung erfolgt.Water can be mixed with the fuel injected via the first injectors 16 directly into the combustion chambers 14 via the water supply line 54. The mixing takes place here directly in the high-pressure pump 18 or in a supply line directly upstream of the high-pressure pump 18. The interconnection is designed so that water also reaches the high-pressure pump 18 when the fuel supply valve 40 is closed and the fuel exclusively via the second injectors 24 is injected into the suction pipe sections 22. In this case it is also possible to choose the timing of the water injection so that it does not coincide with the fuel injection.

Die Wassereinspritzung wird nur in bestimmten Lastbereichen zugeschaltet, in denen eine Leistungsverbesserung durch die Wasserzufuhr erreicht werden kann. Außerdem wird die Wasserzufuhr abgestellt, wenn der Füllstandsmesser 64 einen zu niedrigen Füllstand bzw. der Temperatursensor 62 eine zu niedrige Temperatur im Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 meldet, bei der die Gefahr des Einfrierens besteht.The water injection is switched on only in certain load ranges, in which a performance improvement by the water supply can be achieved. In addition, the water supply is turned off when the level gauge 64 indicates too low a level or the temperature sensor 62 a too low temperature in the water reservoir 48, which is at risk of freezing.

In Figur 2 ist dargestellt, wie über das System 10 die Wasser- und Kraftstoffeinspritzung in verschiedenen Lastbereichen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 variiert werden kann.In FIG. 2 It is shown how the system 10, the water and fuel injection in different load ranges of the internal combustion engine 12 can be varied.

Beispielhaft sind vier Lastbereiche bzw. Betriebsmodi angeführt. Die Details der einzelnen Lastbereiche sind natürlich im Ermessen des Fachmanns variabel.By way of example, four load ranges or operating modes are given. The details of the individual load ranges are, of course, variable at the discretion of the skilled person.

Einspritzung über die ersten Injektoren 16 ist mit einem "B" gekennzeichnet, Einspritzung über die zweiten Injektoren 24 mit einem "S".Injection via the first injectors 16 is marked with a "B", injection via the second injectors 24 with an "S".

In einem ersten Lastbereich bzw. Betriebsmodus I, der einem Kaltstart der Verbrennungskraftmaschine entspricht, aber auch alternativ während des Betriebs des Kraftfahrzeugs einem Zustand, in dem eine Regenerierung der Abgasbehandlungsanlagen 36 vorgenommen werden soll, wird der Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die ersten Injektoren 16 in die Brennkammern 14 eingespritzt. Es erfolgt keine Wassereinleitung. In diesen Betriebsmodi ist eine schnelle Erwärmung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 bzw. eine hohe Abgastemperatur erwünscht.In a first load range or operating mode I, which corresponds to a cold start of the internal combustion engine, but also alternatively during operation of the motor vehicle a state in which a regeneration of the exhaust gas treatment plants 36 is to be made, the fuel is exclusively via the first injectors 16 in the combustion chambers 14 injected. There is no water discharge. In these operating modes, rapid heating of the internal combustion engine 12 or a high exhaust gas temperature is desired.

In einem zweiten Lastbereich II, der in einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich und bei einem Drehmoment unterhalb der Volllast der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 12 liegt (im Beispiel der Figur 2 unterhalb von etwa 4.000 1/min und unterhalb von etwa 200 Nm), erfolgt ebenfalls keine Wassereinspritzung, der Kraftstoff wird aber vollständig über die zweiten Injektoren 24 in die Saugrohrabschnitte 22 vor den Brennkammern 14 eingespritzt. Das Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil 40 in der Kraftstoffleitung 44 ist geschlossen. Die Hochdruckpumpe 18 kann in diesem Fall abgeschaltet sein.In a second load range II, which is in a medium speed range and at a torque below the full load of the internal combustion engine 12 (in the example of FIG. 2 below about 4,000 1 / min and below about 200 Nm), likewise no water injection takes place, but the fuel is injected completely via the second injectors 24 into the suction pipe sections 22 in front of the combustion chambers 14. The fuel supply valve 40 in the fuel line 44 is closed. The high pressure pump 18 may be turned off in this case.

In einem dritten Lastbereich III, der ebenfalls in einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich, aber bei einer höheren Last, insbesondere bei Volllast liegt (im Beispiel der Figur 2 unterhalb von etwa4.000 1/min und bei Drehmomenten von oberhalb ca. 200 Nm), erfolgt die Kraftstoffeinspritzung weiterhin ausschließlich über die zweiten Injektoren 24 in die Saugrohrabschnitte 22 vor der Brennkammer 14, es wird aber gleichzeitig Wasser über die ersten Injektoren 16 in die Brennkammern 14 eingespritzt. Wasser wird jetzt über die Wasserförderpumpe 50, das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil 52 und die Hochdruckpumpe 18 aus dem Wasser-Vorratsbehälter 48 zu den ersten Injektoren 16 gefördert und mit hohem Einspritzdruck in die Brennkammern 14 eingespritzt. Dort kann es eine Kühlwirkung entfalten und so die Verbrennung in den Brennkammern 14 positiv beeinflussen.In a third load range III, which is also in a medium speed range, but at a higher load, especially at full load (in the example of FIG. 2 below about 4,000 rpm and at torques of above about 200 Nm), the fuel injection continues to take place exclusively via the second injectors 24 in the Saugrohrabschnitte 22 in front of the combustion chamber 14, but it is simultaneously water through the first injectors 16 in the Combustion chambers 14 injected. Water is now conveyed via the water supply pump 50, the water supply valve 52 and the high-pressure pump 18 from the water reservoir 48 to the first injectors 16 and injected with high injection pressure into the combustion chambers 14. There it can develop a cooling effect and thus positively influence the combustion in the combustion chambers 14.

In einem vierten Lastbereich IV schließlich, der hier bei hoher Drehzahl und vorzugsweise ebenfalls bei Volllast liegt (oberhalb von etwa 4.000 1/min und bei Drehmomenten oberhalb von etwa 150 Nm), wird schließlich die Wassereinspritzung über die ersten Injektoren 16 beibehalten, die Kraftstoffeinspritzung wechselt jedoch von den zweiten Injektoren 24 auf die ersten Injektoren 16. Kraftstoff und Wasser werden in bzw. vor der Hochdruckpumpe 18 gemischt. Die Menge des einzuspritzenden Wassers wird über Regelung des Durchflusses durch das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil 52 durch die Steuereinheit 56 festgelegt. Das Gemisch aus Wasser und Kraftstoff wird über die ersten Injektoren 16 in die Brennkammern 14 eingespritzt.Finally, in a fourth load range IV, which is here at high speed and preferably also at full load (above about 4,000 rpm and at torques above about 150 Nm), the water injection via the first injectors 16, which changes fuel injection, is finally maintained however, from the second injectors 24 to the first injectors 16. Fuel and water are mixed in and before the high pressure pump 18, respectively. The amount of water to be injected is determined by controlling the flow through the water supply valve 52 by the control unit 56. The mixture of water and fuel is injected via the first injectors 16 into the combustion chambers 14.

Die einzuspritzende Wassermenge kann z.B. auch innerhalb der Lastbereiche noch in einem gewissen Rahmen variiert werden, um den Verbrennungsprozess optimal einzustellen.The amount of water to be injected may e.g. Even within the load ranges can still be varied within a certain range to optimally adjust the combustion process.

Claims (10)

System zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) mit ersten Injektoren (16), die jeweils eine Flüssigkeit direkt in eine Brennkammer (14) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) einspritzen und mit zweiten Injektoren (24), die jeweils eine Flüssigkeit in ein Saugrohr (20) vor der Brennkammer (14) einspritzen,
mit wenigstens einem zwischen einem Kraftstofftank (38) und den ersten und zweiten Injektoren (24) angeordneten Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil (40) und
einem zwischen einem Wasservorratsbehälter (48) und den ersten Injektoren (16) angeordneten Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil (52),
wobei das Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil (40) und das Wasser-Zuleitungsventil (52) so schaltbar sind, dass die ersten Injektoren (16) sowohl in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Kraftstofftank (38) als auch mit dem Wasservorratsbehälter (48) bringbar sind und
die zweiten Injektoren (24) in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Kraftstofftank (38) bringbar sind.System for water injection for an internal combustion engine (12) with first injectors (16) each injecting a liquid directly into a combustion chamber (14) of the internal combustion engine (12) and with second injectors (24), each of which a liquid in a suction pipe (20 ) in front of the combustion chamber (14),
at least one fuel supply valve (40) and. between at least one fuel tank (38) and the first and second injectors (24)
a water supply valve (52) disposed between a water reservoir (48) and the first injectors (16),
wherein the fuel supply valve (40) and the water supply valve (52) are switchable so that the first injectors (16) are both in fluid communication with the fuel tank (38) and with the water reservoir (48) can be brought and
the second injectors (24) can be brought into fluid communication with the fuel tank (38). System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass den ersten Injektoren (16) eine Hochdruckpumpe (18) vorgeschaltet ist, die über das Kraftstoffzuleitungs-Ventil (40) mit dem Kraftstofftank (38) und über das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil (52) mit dem Wasservorratsbehälter (48) in Strömungsverbindung bringbar ist.A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first injectors (16) are preceded by a high pressure pump (18) connected to the fuel tank (38) via the fuel supply valve (40) and to the water reservoir via the water supply valve (52) (48) can be brought into fluid communication. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil (52) ein Dosierventil ist, über das die Wassereinspritzung bis zu einem vorbestimmten Maximalfluss frei einstellbar ist.System according to claim 2, characterized in that the water supply valve (52) is a metering valve, via which the water injection is freely adjustable up to a predetermined maximum flow. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der Hochdruckpumpe (18) vorgeschaltete Kraftstoff-Vorförderpumpe (42) vorgesehen ist, die den Einspritzdruck für die zweiten Injektoren (24) erzeugt.System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a high-pressure pump (18) upstream fuel prefeed pump (42) is provided, which generates the injection pressure for the second injectors (24). System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Wasserförderpumpe (50) zwischen den WasserVorratsbehälter (48) und das Wasserzuleitungs-Ventil (52) geschaltet ist, die Wasser zur Hochdruckpumpe (18) fördert.System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a water pump (50) between the water reservoir (48) and the water supply valve (52) is connected, which promotes water to the high-pressure pump (18). Verfahren zur Wassereinspritzung für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere zum Betrieb eines Systems nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem nur in bestimmten Lastbereichen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) Wasser über erste Injektoren (16) in Brennkammern (14) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) eingespritzt wird sowie
Kraftstoff abhängig vom Lastbereich entweder über die ersten Injektoren (16) direkt in die Brennkammern (14) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) oder über zweite Injektoren (24) in ein Saugrohr (20) stromaufwärts der Brennkammern (14) eingespritzt wird.Method for injecting water for an internal combustion engine, in particular for operating a system according to one of the preceding claims, in which only in certain load ranges of the internal combustion engine (12) water via first injectors (16) in combustion chambers (14) of the internal combustion engine (12) is injected and
Fuel is injected depending on the load range either via the first injectors (16) directly into the combustion chambers (14) of the internal combustion engine (12) or via second injectors (24) in a suction pipe (20) upstream of the combustion chambers (14). Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem ersten Lastbereich insbesondere beim Start der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (12) kein Wasser eingespritzt wird und Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die ersten Injektoren (16) in die Brennkammern (14) eingespritzt wird.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that in a first load range in particular at the start of the internal combustion engine (12) no water is injected and fuel is injected exclusively via the first injectors (16) in the combustion chambers (14). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem zweiten Lastbereich, der insbesondere in einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich unterhalb der Volllast liegt, kein Wasser eingespritzt wird und Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die zweiten Injektoren (24) in das Saugrohr (20) eingespritzt wird.Method according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that in a second load range, which is in particular in a medium speed range below the full load, no water is injected and injected fuel exclusively via the second injectors (24) in the suction pipe (20) becomes. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem dritten Lastbereich, der insbesondere in einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich im Wesentlichen bei Volllast liegt, Wasser über die ersten Injektoren (16) in die Brennkammern (14) eingespritzt wird und Kraftstoff ausschließlich über die zweiten Injektoren (24) in das Saugrohr (20) eingespritzt wird.Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that in a third load range, which is in particular in a medium speed range substantially at full load, water over the first injectors (16) is injected into the combustion chambers (14) and fuel exclusively via the second injectors (24) are injected into the suction pipe (20). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem vierten Lastbereich, der insbesondere in einem hohen Drehzahlbereich im Wesentlichen bei Volllast liegt, Wasser und Kraftstoff über die ersten Injektoren (16) in die Brennkammern (14) eingespritzt werden.Method according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that in a fourth load range, which is in particular in a high speed range substantially at full load, water and fuel via the first injectors (16) are injected into the combustion chambers (14).
EP14156485.6A 2013-04-08 2014-02-25 System and method for water injection for an internal combustion engine Active EP2789839B1 (en)

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