EP2788821A1 - Antifriction coating for mainspring made of composite material - Google Patents

Antifriction coating for mainspring made of composite material

Info

Publication number
EP2788821A1
EP2788821A1 EP12794714.1A EP12794714A EP2788821A1 EP 2788821 A1 EP2788821 A1 EP 2788821A1 EP 12794714 A EP12794714 A EP 12794714A EP 2788821 A1 EP2788821 A1 EP 2788821A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel spring
coating
spring
fibers
barrel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12794714.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2788821B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Avril
Dominique Perreux
Jean-Michel Tisserand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cartier International AG
Original Assignee
Cartier Creation Studio SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cartier Creation Studio SA filed Critical Cartier Creation Studio SA
Priority to EP12794714.1A priority Critical patent/EP2788821B1/en
Publication of EP2788821A1 publication Critical patent/EP2788821A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2788821B1 publication Critical patent/EP2788821B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
    • G04B1/145—Composition and manufacture of the springs

Definitions

  • Anti-friction coating for cylinder spring made of material
  • the present invention relates to a barrel spring coated for a motor member in a mechanical clockwork movement.
  • the spiral barrel spring is the member allowing
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a barrel spring 1 housed in a barrel drum 2.
  • the shape of the leaf of the spring has evolved to a recognized S shape (see FIG. 2 and "Theory of watchmaking").
  • Watch manufacturers have always sought to increase the energy storage capacity of the barrel springs and, thus, the power reserve of mechanical watches, without increasing the volume, that is to say clutter, barrels. Efforts have mainly been directed towards the reduction of energy losses, particularly due to friction. This is how it was proposed to wear the barrel spring of a lubricating layer, for example a metal coating or DLC ("Diamond-Like Carbon"), to limit the barrel spring of a lubricating layer, for example a metal coating or DLC ("Diamond-Like Carbon”), to limit the
  • the coating of the spring must withstand several constraints. On the one hand it must participate in reducing the friction between the turns and on the other hand it must participate in the overall cohesion of the spring material. However between the armed and disarmed position, the surface of the spring undergoes very important deformations. In the case of
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder spring for a motor for a watch movement, said barrel spring being made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers, said barrel spring having a coating comprising a thermosetting polymer; the coating having a thickness at least equal to one quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a motor member for a watch movement comprising said barrel spring.
  • the barrel spring made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers
  • coating the barrel spring may comprise a step of immersing the spring in the composition, or a spray coating step, or a vapor deposition step.
  • the proposed barrel spring reduces the friction of the turns of the mainspring and the coating has good cohesion.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a barrel spring housed in a barrel drum
  • Figure 2 illustrates S-shape returned from the leaf of the mainspring
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the mainspring spring, according to one embodiment.
  • a barrel spring 1 is made of a composite material.
  • composite material is meant here a polymer matrix containing fibers, such as glass fibers or the like.
  • the fibers are oriented unidirectionally in the polymeric matrix.
  • Such springs made of the composite material may be less susceptible than conventional metal springs to fatigue fractures and, therefore, have a longer life.
  • the fibers of such a composite spring may be carbon, glass, aramid or of another nature (for example fiber mixtures) but in all cases their axial elastic modulus is preferably between 80GPa and 600GPa.
  • the fibers are generally the same length as the spring and are arranged as parallel as possible to the great length of the spring. Preferably, the angle between the axis of each fiber and the axis of the spring is as close as possible to 0 ° and does not exceed locally 5 °.
  • the fibers typically have a diameter of between 1 ⁇ and 35 ⁇ .
  • a single spring may have fibers of different diameters but preferably the diameters used in the thickness of the spring allow to place at least ten fibers side by side to obtain a barrel spring of better homogeneity.
  • the polymer matrix may comprise a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.
  • the volume fraction of fibers in the polymer is preferably between 30% and 75% or between 45% and 55%.
  • Nanoparticles can be added to the polymer matrix to harden the polymer to repel the microfibers of the fibers in the compressive face of the flexural spring. These nanoparticles may be silica, fullerenes, or any other material having the ability to bind to the polymeric resin and increase its compressive strength, without decreasing the ability of the polymeric resin to bind to the fibers.
  • unidirectional has a modulus of elasticity approximately four to five times lower than that of steel for an elastic limit less than about half. All else equal in the geometry of a spring steel or a composite spring: same length, same thickness and width, will drive the composite spring to a level of elastic energy stored restorable at least often often a little larger than that of the steel spring and a variation of the torque delivered in function of the lower barrel rotation, this variation being linked
  • the polymer matrix comprises an epoxy resin and the fibers are type E glass fibers or S or S2 type glass fibers. Table 1 reports the properties of these glass fibers.
  • the composite barrel spring 1 can be manufactured in
  • the barrel spring can also be made using a prepreg material in which the fibers and the polymer matrix are already mixed, and wherein the polymerization reaction is stopped by a chemical retarder.
  • the fibers are preferably aligned along the longer length of the web.
  • the strip is then wound in a mold by exerting a tension along the length, to allow the winding of the composite strip.
  • the composite is then polymerized, for example, by external pressure of about 10 bar, so that the composite is forced to remain in the mold and take good shape. After cooking, the composite is out of the mold and the surface of the Barrel spring thus formed is polished to remove imperfections related to the manufacturing process.
  • the composite barrel spring 1 is advantageously coated with an antifriction coating 3 (see Figure 3) so as to reduce friction between the turns of the spring 1 when the latter is mounted in the barrel.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the barrel spring 1 comprising said coating 3.
  • the deformations discussed above may be greater than 3 % in tension, respectively -3% in compression.
  • the coating 3 must therefore be able to ensure satisfactory cohesion in these conditions.
  • the coating 3 comprises a material whose bonds are of hydrogen or Van der Waals type. More particularly, the spring is coated with a coating comprising a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer. Preferably, the coating comprises a slow polymerization epoxy resin, i.e., having a gel time greater than 20 min at 90 ° C.
  • a method of producing the barrel spring 1 comprising the liner 3 comprises the steps of:
  • the barrel spring 1 made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers
  • the composition may be made by mixing a hardener, the polymer and a catalyst, under ambient conditions (temperature and ambient pressure).
  • the composition is heated to a temperature between 35 ° C and 70 ° to make the composition sufficiently fluid, that is to say until the composition has a critical viscosity of less than 3000mPa.s and preferably less than 300mPa.s.
  • Coating the barrel spring 1 may comprise completely immersing the spring in the composition during a time of immersion typically between 5 and 20 seconds. After the immersion step, the composition still in relatively liquid form. The compatibility between the composition and the epoxy resin forming the spring matrix leads to good
  • the polymer of the composition is an epoxy resin.
  • coating the barrel spring 1 may include a spray coating step or a vapor deposition step.
  • the polymer of the composition is preferably a parylene polymer.
  • the homogenization step comprises rotating the barrel spring coated with the composition along axes of rotation oriented in the three orthogonal dimensions X, Y and Z (see Figure 2).
  • the spring can be held at both ends, for example, using a pair of small clamps (not shown). The two ends of the spring can be secured to one another by a metal rod or a plate
  • the rotation of the spring is performed so as to take advantage of the gravity which acts on the still fluid composition.
  • the rotation can be carried out at a rotation speed of between 5 rpm and 60 rpm, and preferably between 10 rpm and 30 rpm.
  • the rotation of the barrel spring coated with the composition is carried out along a single axis of rotation oriented at an angle of between 10 ° and 80 ° to the winding plane of the mainspring. step
  • homogenization is carried out until the composition is polymerized thereby forming the coating.
  • the polymerization step of the composition may comprise heating the barrel spring 1 coated with the composition. Heating can be achieved by placing the barrel spring 1 in an oven or by providing infrared radiation or microwaves. The heating is preferably performed during the homogenization step. Heating may also include a gradual increase in temperature until the polymerization temperature of the composition is reached.
  • the coating has a thickness at least equal to a quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers.
  • the method comprises a step of polishing the coating so as to eliminate the imperfections of the coating 3 and to control the thickness of the coating.
  • the polishing is preferably carried out so as to leave the coating with a thickness of between 3 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ .
  • the coating makes it possible to cover the fibers present on the surface of the spring and that the manufacturing process of the mainspring, as well as the step of polishing the spring before the coating, had made it possible to eliminate. This is advantageous since the fibers present at the surface of the spring tend to increase the friction between the turns.
  • the coating makes it possible to reduce the friction of the turns of the mainspring spring during operation.
  • the coating described here also reduces the risk of breakage of the coating or its delamination, which can be raised with a conventional metal coating. As the modulus of elasticity of the composite matrix of the mainspring is much higher than that of the coating, the latter plays only a negligible part in the mechanical properties of the coated coil spring. Reference numbers used in the barrel spring figures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

Mainspring for driving a clock movement, said mainspring being made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibres, said mainspring having a coating containing a thermoset or thermoplastic polymer. The mainspring proposed reduces the friction of the turns of the mainspring.

Description

Revêtement antifriction pour ressort de barillet en matériau  Anti-friction coating for cylinder spring made of material
composite  composite
Domaine technique Technical area
[0001] La présente invention concerne un ressort de barillet revêtu pour organe moteur dans un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique. Le The present invention relates to a barrel spring coated for a motor member in a mechanical clockwork movement. The
revêtement permet de réduire les frottements des spires du ressort et possède une bonne cohésion. coating reduces the friction of spring turns and has good cohesion.
Etat de la technique State of the art
[0002] Le ressort de barillet spiral est l'organe permettant The spiral barrel spring is the member allowing
d'emmagasiner l'énergie mécanique nécessaire au fonctionnement de la montre. Généralement, ses dimensions géométriques et les propriétés mécaniques du matériau qui le compose déterminent l'énergie potentielle que le barillet spiral est capable d'emmagasiner et le couple maximal qu'il délivre. Le déroulement de la lame du ressort produit l'énergie nécessaire au fonctionnement de la montre. La figure 1 montre une vue éclatée d'un ressort de barillet 1 logé dans un tambour de barillet 2. La forme de la lame du ressort a évolué jusqu'à une forme reconnue en S retourné (voir figure 2 et « Théorie d'horlogerie » par C-A Reymondin et al., édité par la to store the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the watch. Generally, its geometric dimensions and the mechanical properties of the material that compose it determine the potential energy that the spiral barrel is capable of storing and the maximum torque that it delivers. The unwinding of the leaf of the spring produces the energy necessary for the operation of the watch. FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a barrel spring 1 housed in a barrel drum 2. The shape of the leaf of the spring has evolved to a recognized S shape (see FIG. 2 and "Theory of watchmaking"). By CA Reymondin et al., Edited by
Fédération des Ecoles Techniques, Suisse, 1998). Cette forme particulière permet de produire un couple relativement constant quel que soit l'état d'armement du ressort. L'énergie maximale est emmagasinée par le ressort de barillet lorsque la proportion entre la surface occupée par ce dernier, lorsqu'il est arme, et celle qui reste libre dans le tambour est d'environ 50 %. Federation of Technical Schools, Switzerland, 1998). This particular shape makes it possible to produce a relatively constant torque irrespective of the state of arming of the spring. The maximum energy is stored by the mainspring when the proportion between the area occupied by the latter, when it is armed, and that which remains free in the drum is about 50%.
[0003] Les manufacturiers horlogers ont cherché de tout temps à augmenter la capacité de stockage d'énergie des ressorts de barillet et, ainsi, la réserve de marche des montres mécaniques, sans pour autant accroître le volume, c'est-à-dire l'encombrement, des barillets. Les efforts ont principalement été dirigés vers la réduction des pertes d'énergie, notamment dues aux frottements. C'est ainsi qu'il a été propose de revêtir le ressort de barillet d'une couche lubrifiante, par exemple un revêtement métallique ou en DLC («Diamond-Like Carbon»), pour limiter les Watch manufacturers have always sought to increase the energy storage capacity of the barrel springs and, thus, the power reserve of mechanical watches, without increasing the volume, that is to say clutter, barrels. Efforts have mainly been directed towards the reduction of energy losses, particularly due to friction. This is how it was proposed to wear the barrel spring of a lubricating layer, for example a metal coating or DLC ("Diamond-Like Carbon"), to limit the
frottements internes. internal friction.
[0004] Cependant, le revêtement du ressort doit supporter plusieurs contraintes. D'une part il doit participer à diminuer la friction entre les spires et d'autre part il doit participer à la cohésion globale du matériau du ressort. Cependant entre la position armée et désarmée, la surface du ressort subit des déformations très importantes. Dans le cas des However, the coating of the spring must withstand several constraints. On the one hand it must participate in reducing the friction between the turns and on the other hand it must participate in the overall cohesion of the spring material. However between the armed and disarmed position, the surface of the spring undergoes very important deformations. In the case of
revêtements précités, la répétition de telles déformations, pendant l'armage et désarmage du ressort, peut résulter dans la cassure du revêtement ou de sa délamination. Pour les mêmes raisons, un revêtement dont le comportement élastique est assuré par des liaisons de type covalentes ou ioniques, tel qu'un revêtement en céramique ou diamant, ne pourra également assurer une cohésion satisfaisante du revêtement avec le ressort. The aforementioned coatings, the repetition of such deformations, during the winding and disarming of the spring, can result in the breakage of the coating or its delamination. For the same reasons, a coating whose elastic behavior is provided by covalent or ionic type bonds, such as a ceramic or diamond coating, can also ensure a satisfactory cohesion of the coating with the spring.
Bref résumé de l'invention Brief summary of the invention
[0005] Un objet de la présente invention consiste à proposer un ressort de barillet pour organe moteur pour un mouvement d'horlogerie, ledit ressort de barillet étant réalisé dans un matériau comprenant une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres, ledit ressort de barillet comportant un revêtement comprenant un polymère thermodurcissable; le revêtement ayant une épaisseur au moins égale au quart de la largeur d'une fibre desdites fibres. An object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder spring for a motor for a watch movement, said barrel spring being made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers, said barrel spring having a coating comprising a thermosetting polymer; the coating having a thickness at least equal to one quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers.
[0006] Un autre objet de l'invention consiste à proposer un organe moteur pour un mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant ledit ressort de barillet. Another object of the invention is to provide a motor member for a watch movement comprising said barrel spring.
[0007] Encore un autre objet de l'invention consiste à proposer une pièce d'horlogerie comportant l'organe moteur. [0008] Encore un autre objet de l'invention consiste dans un procédé de réalisation du ressort de barillet comprenant les étapes de: Another object of the invention is to provide a timepiece comprising the motor member. Yet another object of the invention is a method for producing the mainspring spring comprising the steps of:
fournir le ressort de barillet réalisé dans un matériau comprenant une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres;  providing the barrel spring made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers;
revêtir le ressort de barillet (1) d'une composition comprenant un polymère;  coating the barrel spring (1) with a composition comprising a polymer;
homogénéiser l'épaisseur de la composition revêtant le ressort de barillet; et  homogenizing the thickness of the composition coating the mainspring; and
polymériser la composition pour former le revêtement. [0009] Dans un mode de réalisation, revêtir le ressort de barillet peut comprendre une étape d'immersion du ressort dans la composition, ou une étape de revêtement par pulvérisation, ou une étape de déposition en phase vapeur.  polymerize the composition to form the coating. In one embodiment, coating the barrel spring may comprise a step of immersing the spring in the composition, or a spray coating step, or a vapor deposition step.
[0010] Le ressort de barillet proposé permet de réduire les frottements des spires du ressort de barillet et le revêtement possède une bonne cohésion. The proposed barrel spring reduces the friction of the turns of the mainspring and the coating has good cohesion.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
[0011] Des exemples de mise en œuvre de l'invention sont indiqués dans la description illustrée par les figures annexées dans lesquelles : Examples of implementation of the invention are indicated in the description illustrated by the appended figures in which:
la figure 1 montre une vue éclatée d'un ressort de barillet logé dans un tambour de barillet;  Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a barrel spring housed in a barrel drum;
la figure 2 illustre forme en S retourné de la lame du ressort de barillet; et  Figure 2 illustrates S-shape returned from the leaf of the mainspring; and
la figure 3 montre une vue en coupe du ressort de barillet, selon un mode de réalisation.  Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the mainspring spring, according to one embodiment.
Exemple(s) de mode de réalisation de l'invention [0012] Dans un mode de réalisation, un ressort de barillet 1 est fabriqué dans un matériau composite. Par " matériau composite " on entend ici une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres, telles que des fibres de verre ou autres. Préférablement, les fibres sont orientées de façon unidirectionnelle dans la matrice polymérique. De tels ressorts fabriqués dans le matériau composite peuvent être moins susceptibles que les ressorts conventionnels métalliques aux fractures par fatigue et, par conséquent, avoir une durée de vie plus longue. Example (s) of Embodiment of the Invention [0012] In one embodiment, a barrel spring 1 is made of a composite material. By "composite material" is meant here a polymer matrix containing fibers, such as glass fibers or the like. Preferably, the fibers are oriented unidirectionally in the polymeric matrix. Such springs made of the composite material may be less susceptible than conventional metal springs to fatigue fractures and, therefore, have a longer life.
[0013] Les fibres d'un tel ressort composite pourront être en carbone, en verre, en aramide ou encore d'une autre nature (par exemple des mélanges de fibres) mais dans tous les cas leur module d'élasticité axiale est de préférence compris entre 80GPa et 600GPa. Les fibres ont généralement la même longueur que le ressort et sont disposées de façon aussi parallèle que possible à la grande longueur du ressort. De préférence, l'angle entre l'axe de chaque fibre et l'axe du ressort est le plus proche possible à 0° et ne dépasse pas localement 5°. Les fibres ont typiquement un diamètre compris entre 1 μηη et 35μηη. Un seul ressort peut avoir des fibres de diamètres différents mais de préférence les diamètres utilisées dans l'épaisseur du ressort permettent de placer au moins dix fibres côte à côte afin d'obtenir un ressort de barillet d'une meilleure homogénéité. The fibers of such a composite spring may be carbon, glass, aramid or of another nature (for example fiber mixtures) but in all cases their axial elastic modulus is preferably between 80GPa and 600GPa. The fibers are generally the same length as the spring and are arranged as parallel as possible to the great length of the spring. Preferably, the angle between the axis of each fiber and the axis of the spring is as close as possible to 0 ° and does not exceed locally 5 °. The fibers typically have a diameter of between 1 μηη and 35μηη. A single spring may have fibers of different diameters but preferably the diameters used in the thickness of the spring allow to place at least ten fibers side by side to obtain a barrel spring of better homogeneity.
[0014] La matrice de polymère peut comprendre un thermoplastique ou un plastique thermodurcissable. La fraction volumique de fibres dans le polymère est de préférence comprise entre 30% et 75% ou encore entre 45% et 55%. Des nanoparticules peuvent être ajoutées dans la matrice de polymère de façon à durcir cette dernière pour repousser le microflambage des fibres dans la face en compression du ressort en flexion. Ces nanoparticules pourront être de la silice, des fullerènes, ou tout autre matériau ayant la possibilité de se lier à la résine polymérique et d'en augmenter la résistance à la compression, sans diminuer la capacité de la résine polymérique à se lier aux fibres. The polymer matrix may comprise a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic. The volume fraction of fibers in the polymer is preferably between 30% and 75% or between 45% and 55%. Nanoparticles can be added to the polymer matrix to harden the polymer to repel the microfibers of the fibers in the compressive face of the flexural spring. These nanoparticles may be silica, fullerenes, or any other material having the ability to bind to the polymeric resin and increase its compressive strength, without decreasing the ability of the polymeric resin to bind to the fibers.
[0015] Une matrice de polymère renforcée de fibres de verre A polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers
unidirectionnelles présente un module d'élasticité environ quatre à cinq fois inférieur à celui de l'acier pour une limite élastique inférieure d'environ la moitié. Toute chose égale par ailleurs dans la géométrie d'un ressort acier ou d'un ressort composite: même longueur, même épaisseur et largeur, conduira le ressort composite à un niveau d'énergie élastique stocké restituable au moins égale souvent un peu plus importante que celle du ressort acier et à une variation du couple délivré en fonction de la rotation de barillet plus faible, cette variation étant liée unidirectional has a modulus of elasticity approximately four to five times lower than that of steel for an elastic limit less than about half. All else equal in the geometry of a spring steel or a composite spring: same length, same thickness and width, will drive the composite spring to a level of elastic energy stored restorable at least often often a little larger than that of the steel spring and a variation of the torque delivered in function of the lower barrel rotation, this variation being linked
proportionnellement à l 'inverse du module de Young du matériau. Par contre le niveau de couple maximal possible sera inférieur pour le ressort composite par rapport au ressort acier, ce couple maximal étant  proportionally to the inverse of the Young's modulus of the material. On the other hand, the maximum possible torque level will be lower for the composite spring with respect to the steel spring, this maximum torque being
proportionnel à la contrainte à rupture du matériau. De façon préférée, la matrice de polymère comprend une résine époxy et les fibres sont des fibres de verre de type E ou des fibres de verre de type S ou S2. La table 1 rapporte les propriétés de ces fibres de verre.  proportional to the breaking stress of the material. Preferably, the polymer matrix comprises an epoxy resin and the fibers are type E glass fibers or S or S2 type glass fibers. Table 1 reports the properties of these glass fibers.
Table 1  Table 1
[0016] Le ressort de barillet composite 1 peut être fabriqué en The composite barrel spring 1 can be manufactured in
mélangeant fibres et la matrice de polymère dans l'état liquide sous la forme d'une bande. Le ressort de barillet peut également être fabriqué en utilisant un matériau prépreg dans lequel les fibres et la matrice de polymère sont déjà mélangés, et dans lequel la réaction de polymérisation est stoppée par un retardateur chimique. Les fibres sont préférablement alignées sur la plus grande longueur de la bande. La bande est ensuite enroulée dans un moule en exerçant une tension suivant la longueur, permettre l 'enroulement de la bande composite. Le composite est ensuite polymérisé, par exemple, par pression externe d'environ 10 bar, de façon à ce que le composite soit forcé de rester dans le moule et en prenne bien la forme. Après cuisson, le composite est sorti du moule et la surface du ressort de barillet ainsi formé est poli pour enlever les imperfections liées au procédé de fabrication. mixing fibers and the polymer matrix in the liquid state in the form of a strip. The barrel spring can also be made using a prepreg material in which the fibers and the polymer matrix are already mixed, and wherein the polymerization reaction is stopped by a chemical retarder. The fibers are preferably aligned along the longer length of the web. The strip is then wound in a mold by exerting a tension along the length, to allow the winding of the composite strip. The composite is then polymerized, for example, by external pressure of about 10 bar, so that the composite is forced to remain in the mold and take good shape. After cooking, the composite is out of the mold and the surface of the Barrel spring thus formed is polished to remove imperfections related to the manufacturing process.
[0017] Le ressort de barillet composite 1 est avantageusement revêtu d'un revêtement antifriction 3 (voir figure 3) de façon à réduire les frottements entre les spires du ressort 1 lorsque le celui-ci est monté dans le barillet. La figure 3 montre une vue en coupe du ressort de barillet 1 comportant ledit revêtement 3. Dans le cas d'un ressort en résine d'époxy renforcée de fibres de verre de type S, les déformations discutées ci-dessus peuvent être supérieures à 3% en tension, respectivement -3% en compression. Le revêtement 3 devra donc être à même d'assurer une cohésion satisfaisante dans ces conditions. The composite barrel spring 1 is advantageously coated with an antifriction coating 3 (see Figure 3) so as to reduce friction between the turns of the spring 1 when the latter is mounted in the barrel. FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the barrel spring 1 comprising said coating 3. In the case of an S-type glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin spring, the deformations discussed above may be greater than 3 % in tension, respectively -3% in compression. The coating 3 must therefore be able to ensure satisfactory cohesion in these conditions.
[0018] Dans un mode de réalisation, le revêtement 3 comprend un matériau dont les liaisons sont de type hydrogène ou Van der Waals. Plus particulièrement, le ressort est revêtu d'un revêtement comprenant un polymère thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique. De façon préférée, le revêtement comprend une résine de type époxy à polymérisation lente, c'est-à-dire ayant un temps de gélification plus grand que 20 min à 90°C. In one embodiment, the coating 3 comprises a material whose bonds are of hydrogen or Van der Waals type. More particularly, the spring is coated with a coating comprising a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer. Preferably, the coating comprises a slow polymerization epoxy resin, i.e., having a gel time greater than 20 min at 90 ° C.
[0019] Dans un mode de réalisation, un procédé de réalisation du ressort de barillet 1 comprenant le revêtement 3 comprend les étapes de: In one embodiment, a method of producing the barrel spring 1 comprising the liner 3 comprises the steps of:
fournir le ressort de barillet 1 réalisé dans un matériau comprenant une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres;  providing the barrel spring 1 made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers;
revêtir le ressort de barillet 1 d'une composition comprenant un polymère;  coating the barrel spring 1 with a composition comprising a polymer;
homogénéiser l'épaisseur de la composition revêtant le ressort de barillet 1 afin d'égaliser l'épaisseur de la composition à la surface du ressort de barillet 1 ; et  homogenizing the thickness of the composition coating the barrel spring 1 in order to equalize the thickness of the composition on the surface of the barrel spring 1; and
polymériser la composition pour former le revêtement 3.  polymerizing the composition to form the coating 3.
[0020] La composition peut être réalisée en mélangeant un durcisseur, le polymère et un catalyseur, dans des conditions ambiantes (température et pression ambiante). La composition est chauffée à une température comprise entre 35°C et 70° de façon à rendre la composition suffisamment fluide, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à ce que la composition a une viscosité critique inférieure à 3000mPa.s et de préférence inférieure à 300mPa.s. Revêtir le ressort de barillet 1 peut comprendre immerger complètement le ressort dans la composition pendant un temps d'immersion compris typiquement entre 5 et 20 secondes. Après l'étape d'immersion, la composition encore sous forme relativement liquide. La compatibilité entre la composition et la résine époxy formant la matrice du ressort conduit à une bonne The composition may be made by mixing a hardener, the polymer and a catalyst, under ambient conditions (temperature and ambient pressure). The composition is heated to a temperature between 35 ° C and 70 ° to make the composition sufficiently fluid, that is to say until the composition has a critical viscosity of less than 3000mPa.s and preferably less than 300mPa.s. Coating the barrel spring 1 may comprise completely immersing the spring in the composition during a time of immersion typically between 5 and 20 seconds. After the immersion step, the composition still in relatively liquid form. The compatibility between the composition and the epoxy resin forming the spring matrix leads to good
mouillabilité de la composition à la surface du ressort. De façon préférée, le polymère de la composition est une résine de type époxy. De façon alternative, revêtir le ressort de barillet 1 peut comprendre une étape de revêtement par pulvérisation (spray coating) ou encore une étape de déposition en phase vapeur. Dans ce dernier cas, le polymère de la composition est préférablement un polymère de parylène. [0021] Dans un mode de réalisation, l'étape d'homogénéisation comprend la rotation du ressort de barillet revêtu de la composition selon des axes de rotation orientés dans les trois dimensions orthogonales X, Y et Z (voir la figure 2). A cette fin, le ressort peut être tenu par ses deux extrémités, par exemple, à l'aide d'une paire de petites pinces (non représentées). Les deux extrémités du ressort peuvent être rendues solidaires l'une de l'autre par une tige métallique ou une plaque wettability of the composition on the surface of the spring. Preferably, the polymer of the composition is an epoxy resin. Alternatively, coating the barrel spring 1 may include a spray coating step or a vapor deposition step. In the latter case, the polymer of the composition is preferably a parylene polymer. In one embodiment, the homogenization step comprises rotating the barrel spring coated with the composition along axes of rotation oriented in the three orthogonal dimensions X, Y and Z (see Figure 2). For this purpose, the spring can be held at both ends, for example, using a pair of small clamps (not shown). The two ends of the spring can be secured to one another by a metal rod or a plate
(également non représentées). La rotation du ressort est réalisée de sorte à mettre à profit la gravité qui agit sur la composition encore fluide. La rotation peut être réalisée à une vitesse de rotation comprise entre 5 tr/min et 60 tr/min, et de préférence entre 10 tr/min et 30 tr/min. Selon une variante, la rotation du ressort de barillet revêtu de la composition est réalisée selon un seul axe de rotation orienté avec un angle compris entre 10° et 80° du plan d'enroulement du ressort de barillet. L'étape (also not represented). The rotation of the spring is performed so as to take advantage of the gravity which acts on the still fluid composition. The rotation can be carried out at a rotation speed of between 5 rpm and 60 rpm, and preferably between 10 rpm and 30 rpm. According to one variant, the rotation of the barrel spring coated with the composition is carried out along a single axis of rotation oriented at an angle of between 10 ° and 80 ° to the winding plane of the mainspring. step
d'homogénéisation est réalisée jusqu'à ce que la composition soit polymérisée formant ainsi le revêtement. homogenization is carried out until the composition is polymerized thereby forming the coating.
[0022] L'étape de polymérisation de la composition peut comporter le chauffage du ressort de barillet 1 revêtu de la composition. Le chauffage peut être réalisé en plaçant le ressort de barillet 1 dans un four ou encore en fournissant une radiation infrarouge ou micro-ondes. Le chauffage est préférablement réalisé pendant l'étape d'homogénéisation. Le chauffage peut également comporter une augmentation graduelle de la température jusqu'à ce que la température de polymérisation de la composition soit atteinte. The polymerization step of the composition may comprise heating the barrel spring 1 coated with the composition. Heating can be achieved by placing the barrel spring 1 in an oven or by providing infrared radiation or microwaves. The heating is preferably performed during the homogenization step. Heating may also include a gradual increase in temperature until the polymerization temperature of the composition is reached.
[0023] Afin d'obtenir une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres permettant une réduction des frottements des spires du ressort tout en gardant une bonne cohésion du ressort, le revêtement a une épaisseur au moins égale au quart de la largeur d'une fibre desdites fibres. De In order to obtain a fiber-containing polymer matrix allowing a reduction in the friction of the turns of the spring while maintaining a good cohesion of the spring, the coating has a thickness at least equal to a quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers. Of
préférence, le procédé comporte une étape de polissage du revêtement de sorte à supprimer les imperfections du revêtement 3 et à contrôler l'épaisseur du revêtement. Le polissage est préférablement réalisé de façon à laisser au revêtement une épaisseur comprise entre 3 μηη et 20 μηη. Preferably, the method comprises a step of polishing the coating so as to eliminate the imperfections of the coating 3 and to control the thickness of the coating. The polishing is preferably carried out so as to leave the coating with a thickness of between 3 μηη and 20 μηη.
[0024] Le revêtement permet de recouvrir les fibres présentes en surface du ressort et que le procédé de fabrication du ressort de barillet, ainsi que l'étape de polissage du ressort avant le revêtement, n'avaient permis d'éliminer. Ceci est avantageux puisque les fibres présentes en surface du ressort tendent à augmenter la friction entre les spires. Le revêtement permet de réduire les frottements des spires du ressort de barillet en fonctionnement. Le revêtement décrit ici permet également de diminuer les risques de cassure du revêtement ou de sa délamination, qui peuvent être élevés avec un revêtement métallique conventionnel. Comme le module d'élasticité de la matrice composite du ressort de barillet est beaucoup plus élevé que celui du revêtement, ce dernier ne participe que de façon négligeable aux propriétés mécaniques du ressort de barillet revêtu. Numéros de référence employés sur les figures ressort de barillet The coating makes it possible to cover the fibers present on the surface of the spring and that the manufacturing process of the mainspring, as well as the step of polishing the spring before the coating, had made it possible to eliminate. This is advantageous since the fibers present at the surface of the spring tend to increase the friction between the turns. The coating makes it possible to reduce the friction of the turns of the mainspring spring during operation. The coating described here also reduces the risk of breakage of the coating or its delamination, which can be raised with a conventional metal coating. As the modulus of elasticity of the composite matrix of the mainspring is much higher than that of the coating, the latter plays only a negligible part in the mechanical properties of the coated coil spring. Reference numbers used in the barrel spring figures
tambour de barillet barrel drum
revêtement coating

Claims

Revendications claims
1 . Ressort de barillet pour organe moteur pour un mouvement d'horlogerie, ledit ressort de barillet étant réalisé dans un matériau comprenant une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres, caractérisé en ce que 1. Barrel spring for a motor member for a clock movement, said barrel spring being made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers, characterized in that
ledit ressort de barillet comporte un revêtement comprenant un polymère thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, et en ce que said barrel spring comprises a coating comprising a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, and in that
le revêtement a une épaisseur au moins égale au quart de la largeur d'une fibre desdites fibres. the coating has a thickness at least equal to a quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers.
2. Ressort de barillet selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel ledit polymère thermodurcissable comprend une résine de type époxy à polymérisation lente. The barrel spring of claim 1, wherein said thermosetting polymer comprises a slow polymerization epoxy resin.
3. Ressort de barillet selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le revêtement comprend un matériau dont les liaisons sont de type hydrogène ou Van der Waals. 3. Barrel spring according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the coating comprises a material whose bonds are of hydrogen or Van der Waals type.
4. Ressort de barillet selon la revendication 1 , 2 ou 3, dans lequel ladite matrice de polymère comprend un thermoplastique ou un plastique thermodurcissable. The barrel spring of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said polymer matrix comprises a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.
5. Ressort de barillet selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit polymère thermodurcissable de ladite matrice de polymère comprend une résine de type époxy. The barrel spring of claim 4, wherein said thermosetting polymer of said polymer matrix comprises an epoxy resin.
6. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 5, dans lequel Barrel spring according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which
la fraction volumique de fibres dans la matrice de polymère est comprise entre 30% et 75%, et de préférence entre 45% et 55%. the volume fraction of fibers in the polymer matrix is between 30% and 75%, and preferably between 45% and 55%.
7. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 6, dans lequel les fibres sont orientées de façon unidirectionnelle dans la matrice polymérique. Barrel spring according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the fibers are oriented unidirectionally in the polymeric matrix.
8. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 7, dans lequel Barrel spring according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which
les fibres ont un module d'élasticité axiale compris entre 80GPa et 600GPa. the fibers have an axial modulus of elasticity of between 80GPa and 600GPa.
9. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 8, dans lequel 9. Barrel spring according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein
les fibres comprennent des fibres de verre de type S ou S2. the fibers comprise type S or S2 glass fibers.
10. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 9, dans lequel The barrel spring according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein
l'angle entre l'axe de chaque fibre et l'axe du ressort (1 ) est compris entre 0° et 5°. the angle between the axis of each fiber and the axis of the spring (1) is between 0 ° and 5 °.
1 1 . Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 10, dans lequel 1 1. Barrel spring according to one of Claims 1 to 10, in which
les fibres ont un diamètre compris entre 1 μηη et 35μηη. the fibers have a diameter of between 1 μηη and 35μηη.
12. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 1 1 , dans lequel Barrel spring according to one of Claims 1 to 11, in which
la matrice comprend en outre des nanoparticules. the matrix further comprises nanoparticles.
13. Ressort de barillet selon la revendication 12, dans lequel lesdites nanoparticules comprennent de la silice, ou des fullerènes. The barrel spring of claim 12, wherein said nanoparticles comprise silica, or fullerenes.
14. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 13, dans lequel Barrel spring according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which
le revêtement (3) comprend une résine ayant un temps de gélification plus grand que 20 min à 90°C. the coating (3) comprises a resin having a gel time greater than 20 min at 90 ° C.
1 5. Ressort de barillet selon l'une des revendications de 1 à 14, dans lequel 5. A barrel spring according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein
le revêtement a une épaisseur comprise entre 3 μηη et 20 μηη. the coating has a thickness of between 3 μηη and 20 μηη.
16. Organe moteur pour un mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant le ressort de barillet caractérisé par l'une des revendications de 1 à 15. 16. Engine member for a watch movement comprising the mainspring characterized by one of the claims 1 to 15.
17. Pièce d'horlogerie comportant l'organe moteur selon la revendication 16. 17. Timepiece comprising the motor unit according to claim 16.
18. Procédé de réalisation du ressort de barillet caractérisé par l'une des revendications de 1 à 1 5, comprenant: 18. A method of producing the barrel spring characterized by one of claims 1 to 1 5, comprising:
fournir le ressort de barillet réalisé dans un matériau comprenant une matrice de polymère contenant des fibres;  providing the barrel spring made of a material comprising a polymer matrix containing fibers;
revêtir le ressort de barillet (1 ) d'une composition comprenant un polymère;  coating the barrel spring (1) with a composition comprising a polymer;
homogénéiser l'épaisseur de la composition revêtant le ressort de barillet; et  homogenizing the thickness of the composition coating the mainspring; and
polymériser la composition pour former le revêtement.  polymerize the composition to form the coating.
19. Procédé selon la revendication 18, dans lequel The method of claim 18, wherein
l'étape d'homogénéisation comprend la rotation du ressort de barillet revêtu de la composition selon des axes de rotation orientés dans les trois dimensions orthogonales X, Y et Z. the homogenization step comprises rotating the barrel spring coated with the composition along axes of rotation oriented in the three orthogonal dimensions X, Y and Z.
20. Procédé selon la revendication 18, dans lequel The method of claim 18, wherein
l'étape d'homogénéisation comprend la rotation du ressort de barillet revêtu de la composition selon un axe de rotation orienté avec un angle compris entre 10° et 80° du plan d'enroulement du ressort de barillet. the homogenization step comprises rotating the barrel spring coated with the composition along an axis of rotation oriented at an angle of between 10 ° and 80 ° to the winding plane of the mainspring.
21 . Procédé selon l'une des revendications de 18 à 20, dans lequel l'étape de polymérisation de la composition comporte le chauffage du ressort de barillet revêtu de la composition. 21. A method according to one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the step of polymerizing the composition comprises heating the barrel spring coated with the composition.
22. Procédé selon l'une des revendications de 18 à 21 , dans lequel revêtir le ressort de barillet (1 ) comprend une étape d'immersion du ressort dans la composition, ou une étape de revêtement par pulvérisation, ou une étape de déposition en phase vapeur . 22. A method according to one of claims 18 to 21, wherein to coat the barrel spring (1) comprises a step of immersing the spring in the composition, or a spray coating step, or a deposition step in vapor phase.
23. Procédé selon l'une des revendications de 18 à 22, 23. Method according to one of claims 18 to 22,
comportant en outre une étape de polissage du revêtement (3) de façon à laisser au revêtement une épaisseur une épaisseur au moins égale au quart de la largeur d'une fibre desdites fibres. further comprising a step of polishing the coating (3) so as to leave the coating having a thickness of at least one quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers.
24. Procédé selon la revendication 23, 24. The method of claim 23,
l'étape de polissage laisse au revêtement une épaisseur comprise entre 3 μιτΊ et 20 μηη. the polishing step leaves the coating with a thickness of between 3 μιτΊ and 20 μηη.
EP12794714.1A 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Sliding layer for a barrel spring made of a composite material Active EP2788821B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12794714.1A EP2788821B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Sliding layer for a barrel spring made of a composite material

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11192835.4A EP2602671A1 (en) 2011-12-09 2011-12-09 Sliding layer for a barrel spring made of a composite material
EP12794714.1A EP2788821B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Sliding layer for a barrel spring made of a composite material
PCT/EP2012/074139 WO2013083494A1 (en) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Antifriction coating for mainspring made of composite material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2788821A1 true EP2788821A1 (en) 2014-10-15
EP2788821B1 EP2788821B1 (en) 2019-04-10

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EP12794714.1A Active EP2788821B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Sliding layer for a barrel spring made of a composite material

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US (1) US20140355395A1 (en)
EP (2) EP2602671A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2015500474A (en)
CN (1) CN104081294A (en)
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WO (1) WO2013083494A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP2788821B1 (en) 2019-04-10
CN104081294A (en) 2014-10-01
WO2013083494A1 (en) 2013-06-13
JP2015500474A (en) 2015-01-05
HK1198343A1 (en) 2015-04-02
EP2602671A1 (en) 2013-06-12
US20140355395A1 (en) 2014-12-04

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