EP2788449A1 - Compositions of photoswitchable materials - Google Patents
Compositions of photoswitchable materialsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2788449A1 EP2788449A1 EP12810353.8A EP12810353A EP2788449A1 EP 2788449 A1 EP2788449 A1 EP 2788449A1 EP 12810353 A EP12810353 A EP 12810353A EP 2788449 A1 EP2788449 A1 EP 2788449A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- photochromic
- groups
- matrix
- complex
- ruthenium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical group O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910015892 BF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021115 PF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 4
- CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-formylpyridine Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=N1 CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 tri-substituted pyridine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/244—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising organic materials only
- G11B7/249—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising organic materials only containing organometallic compounds
- G11B7/2492—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising organic materials only containing organometallic compounds neutral compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
Definitions
- the invention relates to novel compositions of photochromic nitrosyl ligand ruthenium complexes and matrices.
- an alkoxysilane is selected as precursor and a nitrosyl ligand ruthenium complex as a photochromic complex
- the successive steps of hydrolysis, of disposition in a container of chosen form, of condensation (or polymerization or gelation), of maturation and of aging are carried out, this last stage including a final drying, so that for the stages maturation and aging, the pH, the temperature and the duration are selected so that, in the realized xerogel, whose shape is determined by that of the container, the photochrome ruthenium complex with nitrosyl ligand, in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, or inserted in the nanopores of the silica matrix distributed at least substantially homogeneously.
- the photochromic complex is selected from the group comprising [RuCl (NO) (py) 4] [PF 6 ] 2 1 ⁇ 2H 2 O and [RuY (NO) (py) 4 ] X 2 in wherein Y is Cl, Br, OH and X is selected from the family consisting of Br, Cl, PF 6 , BF 4 .
- the problem underlying the present invention is to envisage other compositions.
- the invention relates to a sol-gel process for producing a photochromic composite material, in which, starting from a precursor and a photochromic complex of ruthenium to nitrosyl ligand, one carries out the successive stages of hydrolysis, disposal in a container, condensation, aging and aging including a final drying where one selects the pH, the temperature and the duration so that in the xerogel realized, according to the shape of the container, the photochromic complex of ruthenium with ligand nitrosyl, in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, is inserted into the nanopores of the matrix.
- a matrix of silica is selected as the matrix
- ⁇ is selected as photochromic complex ligand to ruthenium nitrosyl a complex of formula:
- py is pyridine and Ru is ruthenium
- X is chosen from the family comprising Cl, Br, OH,
- Y is selected from the family comprising Cl, Br, BF 4 , PF 6 ,
- R, R ', R " is chosen from the family comprising hydrogen, alkyl groups, alcohol groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, ester groups, ether groups, amino groups, amide groups and halogenated groups,
- the equatorial ligands are of the vinylpyridine, pyridine carboxaldehyde, picoline and phenyl pyridine type, this list being illustrative and in no way limiting.
- the precursor is selected from the group consisting of tetramethoxyorthosilane - TMOS -, vinyltriethoxysilane - VTES -, tetraethoxyorthosilane - TEOS -, or M (OR) x alkoxides, where M is a metal and R is a group alkyl.
- a total hydrolysis of the alkoxide is carried out, the set of OR groups being replaced by OH groups.
- the alkoxide is mixed with methanol and the mixture is stirred.
- the selected photochromic complex itself in solution, in particular in water or, by impossible means, in acetonitrile, is added to the precursor.
- an acid pH ( ⁇ 7) is selected for the ripening and aging stages.
- the curing step lasts, in the presence of acetonitrile, of the order of one week at a temperature of about 55 ° C in a closed atmosphere, or in the presence of water, the 72 hours at room temperature.
- the aging step lasts about one week at a temperature of the order of 55 ° C.
- the invention relates to a process for producing a photochromic composite material, in which, from a biodegradable matrix and a photochromic complex of ruthenium with a nitrosyl ligand, one performs the steps of dissolution of the biodegradable matrix, dispersion of the photochromic complex, provision in a container, drying where the temperature and duration are selected, so that in the matrix produced, according to the shape of the container, the complex photochrome of ruthenium to nitrosyl ligand, in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, or inserted into the nanopores of the matrix, in which, in combination:
- ⁇ is selected as a template, a biodegradable matrix, in particular starch or agar-agar, and
- a complex of formula [Ru (NO) X (py-R) 4 ] Y 2 , [Ru (NO) X (py-RR ') 4 ] Y 2 is selected as a nitrosyl ligand ruthenium photochromic complex; [Ru (NO) X (py-RR'R ") 4 ] Y 2 or [Ru (NO) X (py) 4 ] Y 2 where:
- py is pyridine and Ru is ruthenium
- X is chosen from the family comprising Cl, Br, OH,
- Y is selected from the family comprising Cl, Br, BF 4 ,
- R, R ', R " is chosen from the family comprising hydrogen, alkyl groups, alcohol groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, ester groups, ether groups, amine groups, amide groups and According to either of these embodiments, the equatorial ligands are, for example, of the vinylpyridine, pyridine carboxaldehyde, picoline or phenylpyridine type, this list being illustrative and in no way limiting.
- the operating steps are carried out at a gentle temperature and pressure, close to ambient temperature.
- the process implements a container in the form of a tube or flat-bottomed box, depending on whether one wants to make a monolith or a plate.
- the process is inexpensive in energy because it can be carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. It has the minimum of harmful effects on the environment, for the reason that it avoids the use of harmful solvents in favor of water.
- the process is finally reproducible and feasible on an industrial scale.
- the invention relates to the photochromic composite material obtained by one or other of the two embodiments of the process for producing a photochromic composite material.
- This photochromic composite material is such, according to the embodiment of the method under consideration, that the xerogel or the biodegradable composite produced is of a shape determined by that of the container and comprises the photochromium complex of ruthenium with a selected nitrosyl ligand, in the crystalline state and in the form nanoparticles, inserted into the nanopores of the silica matrix or the biodegradable matrix, in particular starch or agar-agar, distributed at least substantially homogeneously.
- the material is in the form of a monolith or in the form of a plate of desired thickness
- the average size of the nanopores of the silica matrix is between 2 and 15 nm;
- photochromic complex nanocrystals are between 2 and 4 nm.
- the average size of the nanocrystals in the biodegradable matrix is of the order of 50 nm
- photochromic composite materials are of both shape and size controllable, resistant, sufficiently thick when desired for large storage capacity, and transparent.
- the shaping of this material by the two embodiments envisaged for the process does not adversely affect the switching properties existing on the monocrystal of the ruthenium complex, namely a conversion rate of the order of 100%.
- the invention relates to a high capacity optical memory medium comprising at least one photochromic composite material as just described.
- a medium offers optical storage qualities, including capacity, much higher than what was proposed so far.
- a process for producing a photochromic composite material which can be envisaged according to two embodiments, one with a sol-gel process and the other with a biodegradable matrix
- Such a photochromic composite material characterized in that it is obtained by this method, and an optical memory medium of high quality, in particular capacitance, comprising at least one such photochromic composite material.
- sol-gel process the material and the optical memory medium thus produced are derived from those described in the aforementioned document WO 2010/081977, to which reference is expressly made. Moreover, the principles of the method (or the reaction) known under the name of "sol-gel” are known or readily available to those skilled in the art from this document and also from the document D. Levy, " Photochromic Sol-Gel Materials ", Chem. Mat., 9, 1997, 2666-2670.
- the sol-gel method comprises the following successive steps:
- a matrix of silica whose relevance of choice was highlighted in the document WO 2010/081977, is selected as matrix.
- the nitrosyl ligand ruthenium photochromic complex is selected from a complex of formula:
- py is pyridine and Ru is ruthenium
- X is chosen from the family comprising Cl, Br, OH,
- Y is selected from the family comprising Cl, Br, BF 4 , PF 6 ,
- R, R ', R " is chosen from the family comprising hydrogen, alkyl groups, alcohol groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, ester groups, ether groups, amino groups, amide groups and halogenated groups,
- the alkyl groups include, for example, alkyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, linear or branched, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, or n-butyl.
- Alcohol groups include, for example, -OH or alkyl chains having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with one or more -OH groups.
- the aldehyde groups include for example -COH or alkyl chains having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with one or more -COH groups.
- Ester groups include, for example -COR-1, where R 1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the ether groups include, for example, -OR-1, where R 1 is an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the amino groups include for example -NH 2 , -NHR- ⁇ or -NR-
- Amide groups include, for example -CONH 2 , -CONHR- ⁇ or -CONR-
- halogenated groups include, for example, chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine or alkyl chains having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with one or more halogen atoms, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine. or fluorine.
- Pyridine py, pyridine monosubstituted py-R, pyridine bisubstituted py-RR 'and tri-substituted pyridine py-RR'R can be illustrated by the following schematic structures:
- an alkoxysilane such as tetramethoxyorthosilane - TMOS - is used as precursor.
- the sol-gel process is carried out starting from the precursor, the photochromic complex and the selected matrix, by means of successive stages of hydrolysis, of disposal in a container of chosen form, of condensation (or polymerization or gelation), of ripening and aging, this last step including final drying.
- the pH, the temperature and the duration are selected so that in the realized xerogel, the shape of which is determined by that of the container, the photochrome ruthenium complex with nitrosyl ligand, at the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, is inserted into the nanopores of the silica matrix, being distributed at least substantially homogeneously.
- the operating steps are carried out at a gentle temperature and pressure, close to ambient temperature.
- the hydrolysis of the alkoxide may be complete if the proportions of water, pH and temperature are selected for this purpose.
- the set of OR groups is then replaced by OH groups.
- the alkoxide is mixed with methanol and this mixture is stirred for the necessary time, for example of the order of five minutes.
- Hydrolysis is started by addition of distilled water.
- the precursor is added the selected photochromic complex, itself in solution.
- the proportions are 1 ml of tetramethoxyorthosilane (TMOS) and 1.2 ml of methanol and the double, or 2.4 ml of distilled water.
- TMOS tetramethoxyorthosilane
- the photochromic complex as selected is used in water or in an acetonitrile solution, for example in the case of [RuCl (NO) (py) 4 ] (PF 6 ) 2 ⁇ 2H 2 0, this complex not being soluble in water.
- the precursor is selected as selected and the photochromic complex as selected, and in solution, in a container of selected shape, which determines the shape of the xerogel to be made, monolith or plate.
- a container such as a hemolysis tube may be used to form a monolith and a container such as a flat bottomed box to form a plate of desired thickness.
- the condensation step leads to the formation of bridging oxygen with the removal of water or alcohol molecule.
- the bridging oxygen atoms allow the formation of a three-dimensional silica lattice which is obtained according to the following reaction:
- the condensation step leads to the production of a gel.
- the gel is stabilized: the polymerization begun previously continues, while the solvent inside the gel is removed.
- the pH, the temperature and the duration are selected so that in the xerogel finally produced, the shape of which is determined by the container, the photochromic complex, in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles, is inserted into the nanopores of the silica matrix, distributed at least substantially homogeneously.
- the selected pH is of the order of 5 to 5.6.
- the maturation step may last of the order of one week at a temperature of the order of 55 ° C, in a closed atmosphere. In an embodiment with an aqueous solution, the maturation stage may last for about 72 hours at room temperature.
- the aging step may last on the order of one week at a temperature of the order of 55 ° C. The end of the aging step allows drying by which the remainder of the solvent is removed.
- Drying by slow evaporation causes contraction of the matrix lattice which can reduce the gel volume (eg a 1/5 volume loss) and lead to the formation of a xerogel, in the form of a monolith or plate.
- the wet gel contracts very little and no xerogel is obtained as desired, but an airgel.
- the pH, the temperature and the duration are selected so that in the realized xerogel, the shape of which is determined by the container , the photochromic complex is in the crystalline state and in the form of nanoparticles and inserted into the nanopores of the matrix, themselves distributed at least substantially homogeneously.
- photochromic composite materials which are homogeneous, transparent, easily moldable, stable at normal temperature and pressure conditions.
- xerogels do not show deterioration after four months and even up to seven months.
- These materials have excellent resistance to laser radiation, mechanical strength similar to glass, good resistance to solvents.
- photochromic composite materials in the form of a monolith of 1 to 2 cm in length or in the form of a plate of 1 to 3 cm 2 and of desired thickness can be produced.
- the average size of the nanopores of the matrix produced without acid or basic catalysis is between 2 and 15 nm. Their distribution is homogeneous.
- the photochromic complexes are in the form of nanocrystals.
- the particles between 2 and 4nm are the most numerous. Given the size and intermolecular distances involved, it is proven that the smallest nanopores in the matrix contain one or two ruthenium molecules with their counter-ions.
- the analyzes performed on the composite materials obtained during the tests showed that the particles are well diluted in the matrix and that the objects of nanometric size found in the nanopores are indeed constituted by the photochromic complex.
- a sample of this material is placed in a cryostat and then irradiated for 2 hours at a temperature of about 100 K. The sample is taken out of the cryostat as quickly as possible. There is a change of color of the sample which changes from the color orange - color to the ground state - to the color green - color in the irradiated state.
- the photochromic composite materials made have the characteristic of a complete reversible change of their color after irradiation.
- An estimate of the photoinduced population - of the order of 36% - shows that it is close to that observed on single crystals.
- These photochromic composite materials can be used at temperatures close to ambient temperature. As for metastable states, their lifespan is greater than 9 years.
- photochromic composite materials are therefore perfectly suited to the constitution of high quality optical memory media, particularly as regards the capacity.
- a biodegradable matrix is used, and therefore selected, in particular a polysaccharide such as starch (glucan) or agar-agar (galactan).
- a polysaccharide such as starch (glucan) or agar-agar (galactan).
- a complex of formula [Ru (NO) X (py-R) 4 ] Y 2 , [Ru (NO) X (py-RR ') is also selected as a nitrosyl ligand ruthenium photochromic complex. 4 ] Y 2 , [Ru (NO) X (py-RR'R ") 4 ] Y 2 or [Ru (NO) X (py) 4 ] Y 2 where:
- py is pyridine and Ru is ruthenium
- X is chosen from the family comprising Cl, Br, OH,
- Y is selected from the family comprising Cl, Br, BF 4
- R, R ', R " is chosen from the family comprising hydrogen, alkyl groups, alcohol groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, ester groups, ether groups, amino groups, amide groups and the halogenated groups,
- the equatorial ligands are of the vinylpyridine, pyridine carboxaldehyde, picoline, phenyl pyridine type, this list being illustrative and in no way limiting.
- py is pyridine and Ru is ruthenium
- X is chosen from the family comprising Cl, Br, OH,
- Y is selected from the family comprising Cl, Br, BF 4 ,
- R, R ', R " is chosen from the family comprising hydrogen, alkyl groups, alcohol groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, ester groups, ether groups, amino groups, amide groups and the halogenated groups, then the mixture is placed in the container of selected form.
- Drying is at room temperature for about ten days.
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FR1161222A FR2983487B1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | COMPOSITIONS OF PHOTOCOMMUTABLE MATERIALS. |
PCT/FR2012/052814 WO2013083920A1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2012-12-05 | Compositions of photoswitchable materials |
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US (1) | US9880323B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2788449A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6126119B2 (en) |
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TW252136B (en) | 1992-10-08 | 1995-07-21 | Ciba Geigy | |
DE19626691C2 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-07-02 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Process for producing a photochromic layer |
US5821287A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-10-13 | National Science Council | Photochromic pigment |
JP2000226572A (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-15 | Canon Inc | Photochromic film and its preparation |
WO2001021727A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 2001-03-29 | California Institute Of Technology | Photoinduced molecular switches |
US8153344B2 (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2012-04-10 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Methods for producing photosensitive microparticles, aqueous compositions thereof and articles prepared therewith |
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- 2012-12-05 JP JP2014545336A patent/JP6126119B2/en active Active
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FR2983487A1 (en) | 2013-06-07 |
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US9880323B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
FR2983487B1 (en) | 2015-02-20 |
US20140332738A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
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