EP2786285A2 - Verfahren zum design eines physikalischen layouts einer photovoltaik-anlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum design eines physikalischen layouts einer photovoltaik-anlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2786285A2 EP2786285A2 EP12790824.2A EP12790824A EP2786285A2 EP 2786285 A2 EP2786285 A2 EP 2786285A2 EP 12790824 A EP12790824 A EP 12790824A EP 2786285 A2 EP2786285 A2 EP 2786285A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tables
- solar
- layouts
- technical
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/39—Circuit design at the physical level
- G06F30/398—Design verification or optimisation, e.g. using design rule check [DRC], layout versus schematics [LVS] or finite element methods [FEM]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/12—Geometric CAD characterised by design entry means specially adapted for CAD, e.g. graphical user interfaces [GUI] specially adapted for CAD
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/95—Circuit arrangements
- H10F77/953—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/955—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to photovoltaic systems (PV systems), in terms of solar-powered power plants, their construction, their creation and their "optimization” in terms of properties of the power plant, as well as gas or coal or nuclear power plants optimized whose electrical power output is based on fossil or atomic fuels.
- PV systems photovoltaic systems
- Photovoltaic modules convert incident sunlight into direct current.
- inverters DC-AC converters in the sense of inverters
- this DC current is converted into an alternating current (the local grid frequency, ie 50 Hz or 60 Hz) with a higher voltage, and after a further increase in voltage through transformers, the current thus generated becomes fed into the power grid of an energy supplier.
- the PV modules are not individually be ⁇ built area set up, but a larger number of Mo ⁇ dulen becomes a larger assembly, called a table summarized.
- a table stands on several feet and can carry, for example, 100 modules that are mounted in several, eg five rows, for example, twenty modules each on it. The longer such a table, the more support he has, which may be held in the manner of a base frame in the transverse direction with struts, or may carry the solar modules in the manner of 3D grid structures.
- a solar table would contain, for example, five strings, each with twenty electrically connected in series modules, the five strings could speak five module rows of the table ent ⁇ .
- the strings of a table are switched in parallel in the example.
- several solar tables are connected in parallel to an inverter input (eg as inverter).
- inverter input eg as inverter
- Other electrical interconnections of the modules for example according to a butterfly layout, are of course also possible.
- a pair of strings share two adjacent rows module ⁇ . Preferred voltage ranges of the thus obtained, multiplied DC voltage (with the number of modules per
- String may be above 500 V, preferably in the range between 700 V and 1500 V.
- the modules can not be mounted flat (horizontally) on the table, but inclined at a certain angle of inclination from the horizontal toward the equator, as achievable by different lengths of the feet.
- the solution is in claim 1. It is a computer-aided solution.
- a method for creating a physical layout of a photovoltaic system at a specified Ge ⁇ Bidding is proposed.
- the photovoltaic system is specified by a variety of technical properties.
- the method comprises the steps of reading out more than 20 precalculated, the finished layout for the photovoltaic unit from a SpeI ⁇ cher, showing the final layout in a graphical representation such that each of the final layout is represented with at least a subset of the plurality of technical properties, Changing ranges of values of the presented technical properties to comparatively represent a changed number of finished layouts, and selecting a layout optimized from the presented properties from the changed number of finished layouts.
- a computer-aided multi-criteria optimization (technical ⁇ shear) PV systems is proposed.
- the concept includes a method for generating a variety of possible PV systems in a built-up area, as well as a concept for multi-criteria navigation on the generated solution set. By means of this navigation, it is possible to determine among the available layouts of constructible PV systems that which offers the best compromise from the various optimization targets.
- a PV system with a high rated output can be set up in the best possible way.
- the physical layout of the entire photovoltaic system is adapted to the specified area.
- the representation of the finished layouts with the subset of the plurality of technical see properties made such that several
- technical property scales are formed in a scale range of the graphical representation, wherein on each technical property scale the same technical
- the multiplicity of technical properties comprises at least a first multiplicity of solar tables arranged side by side and / or behind one another, each with solar cells carrying surface, the electrical
- DC generate, a second plurality of DC-AC converters, which is supplied to the direct current generated by the solar tables via cables, and at least one transformer station, which is supplied to a high-voltage AC voltage from the DC-AC converters via lines.
- the plurality of technical features include an array of all solar tables in the specified area, a placement of the DC-AC converters, cable and track guideways, and a location of the at least one substation.
- the plurality of technical characteristics comprises groups of solar tables, wherein each group of solar tables is associated with a DC-AC converter.
- each DC-AC converter is not more than one group of the first plurality of
- the second plurality of DC-AC converters is smaller than the first plurality of
- Each DC-AC converter is powered by its own associated group of solar tables generated electrical DC supplied via cables, each group of
- Solar table does not contain more than half of the first variety of solar tables and / or a nominal capacity of one
- the at least one transformer station is supplied with the high-voltage AC voltage of at least a first group of DC-AC converters via lines.
- Photovoltaic system has a nominal output above 2 MW.
- a limit can be set on one or both sides of a technical property scale in order to only highlight the finished layouts in the coordinate area by a marking whose technical property value is set within the limited property scale
- two technical property scales are jointly adjustable on one side or on both sides with a respective limitation.
- the one-sided or double-sided boundary is removed again in order to represent the more than 20 finished layouts in the coordinate area again uniformly.
- two fundamentally different types of finished layouts in the coordinate area are represented by a different marker each, and are located over at least two of the technical features, each along a coordinate axis, around the two types of final layouts over the two technical layouts
- a basic type has a more robust, less susceptible to interference in construction
- one DC-AC converter is associated with only one solar table per ever.
- the second plurality is less than 50% of the first plurality, in particular less than 10%.
- a method for designing a photovoltaic system to be constructed with a nominal power above 2 MW or for providing a physical layout of the photovoltaic system in a specified area is proposed.
- the photovoltaic system or the layout made to ⁇ least from (i) a first plurality of adjacent capped tables with solar cells bearing area, which produce as a solar lartician DC electric current to a first voltage level, (ii) a lower plurality of DC-AC converters, in particular inverters, wherein each DC-AC converter is supplied with or supplied with solar energy-generated direct current from an associated group of solar tables via cables, wherein each group of solar tables does not contain more than half of the first plurality of solar tables and / or a rated power and (iii) at least one transformer station, to which high voltage AC voltage supplied to at least a first group of DC-AC converters can be supplied via lines, or at least one half of a rated power of the DC-AC converter assigned to the group is fed to the technical specification
- the at least twenty finished layouts of photovoltaic systems are represented or plotted in a graphical representation that each of the layouts and thus each associated photovoltaic system with ⁇ at least their rated power and / or their first plurality of solar tables and their smaller number of DC-AC converters is represented as technical properties, to select from among at least ⁇ these characteristics to compare and / or to restrict a range of a property shown.
- a DC-AC converter has a rated power between 1kW and 1MW, and / or a solar module has a rated power above 200W, and / or a solar table has between 15 and 100 modules, and / or a table has one Rated power above 3kW, in particular between see 20 kW and 50 kW.
- the solar cell-carrying surface of each of the tables is inclined, in particular at a fixed, equal angle for all tables.
- the angle (9 ⁇ ) is an acute angle, in particular in an angular range between 15 ° and 45 °.
- the rated power of a respective group of solar tables at the nominal power of the group respectively associated DC-AC converter detects a Be ⁇ range from ⁇ 30%, preferably ⁇ 10%, compared to an exact matching of the power ratings.
- the rated power of a group of solar tables is more than 100% greater than the rated power of the DC-AC converter assigned to the group.
- the actual layouts of the photovoltaic systems are not plotted in the graphical representation, only technical properties of these.
- the first clamping ⁇ -voltage level of DC voltage is less than 1,500 V.
- the memory module is a database.
- each of the lesser plurality of DC-AC converters has less than 10% of the number of tables associated with an entire PV system.
- At least some of the groups of DC-AC converters in a loop are electrically connected to the transformer station. In embodiments of the method, more than 80% of the electrical cable length in the layout of each PV system is DC cable, the remainder being AC lines.
- a method of displaying a large number of more than twenty finished layouts of photovoltaic panels on a screen to assist a user in designing a photovoltaic system to be constructed having a rated power in excess of 2MW or to provide a buildable physical layout photovoltaic system in a specified area.
- the layout or the photovoltaic system consist at least of (i) a first plurality of juxtaposed tables with solar cell-carrying surface, which generate electric DC at a first voltage level above 500 V as solar tables, (ii) a smaller second plurality of DC-AC converters , in particular inverters, wherein each DC-AC converter generates in each case solar energy-generated direct current of not more than one assigned subgroup of the entirety of the solar component.
- the on-site photovoltaic system can be fed or supplied via DC cable, and (iii) at least one transformer station, in the voltage to the first voltage level high AC voltage from the DC-AC converters via AC lines are fed.
- the large number of finished layouts of photovoltaic systems is stored in a memory.
- the finished layouts are presented or plotted in a graphical screen display with a variety of their technical properties, that several technical property scales are formed in a scale range and the same technical property of the large number of finished layouts of photovoltaic systems is plotted on each technical property scale.
- a coordinate area of each photo-voltaic system is represented by a mark and locates on to ⁇ least two of its technical characteristics in the coordinate area.
- each of the layouts and thus each associated photovoltaic system with at least its rated power and / or its first plurality of solar tables and / or their small number of inverters are represented as technical properties on the technical property scales, for at least these properties coordinate axes in the coordinate range in particular controlled from a third area of the screen display.
- each of the layouts stored in the memory over at least the technical characteristics (i) to (iii) and a number and arrangement of all solar tables in the specified area, a number and placement of all transducers is an assignment of each subset of solar tables to its converter, all web guides of the DC cables and all web guides of the AC lines as well as the location of the transformer station defined.
- a method for displaying a large number of more than twenty finished layouts of photovoltaic were proposed on a screen display to assist a user in designing a photovoltaic system to be constructed with a rated power in excess of 2 MW, or in providing a buildable physical layout of the photovoltaic system in a specified area.
- the layout or the photovoltaic system consist at least of (i) a first plurality of tables arranged side by side and in succession, each having solar cells, which generate electric direct current as solar tables, (ii) a second plurality of DC-AC converters, in particular inverters, which direct current generated by solar energy from the solar tables via DC cable is supplied or is supplied, and (iii) at least one transformer station, in the voltage high AC voltage from the converters via AC lines are fed or supplied.
- the large number of finished layouts of photovoltaic systems is stored in a memory retrievable.
- each photovoltaic system is represented by a marking and localized via at least two of its technical properties in the coordinate region of the graphical display screen.
- a method for the design of a photovoltaic system to be built with a nominal power above 2 MW or to provide a physical layout of the photovoltaic system in a specified area proposed, the photovoltaic system with (i) a first plurality fantasyein ⁇ other and successively mounted tables, each with Solar cell-bearing surface, which generate as a solar table electrical DC, (ii) a second plurality of DC-AC Transducers, in particular inverters, which generated by solar energy direct current from the solar tables on DC cable is supplied to or supplied to, and (iii) at least one transformer ⁇ station, which can be fed in the voltage boosted AC voltage of the transducers over the AC lines, or fed become.
- the large number of finished layouts of photovoltaic systems is stored in a memory (30).
- the final layout in a graphical screen display are shown with a large number of their properties such or applied to a number of technical own ⁇ shaft scales are formed in a scale range of the graphic screen display and on each performance properties scale the same technical feature of
- large number of finished layouts is applied by photovoltaic systems.
- each photovoltaic system is represented by a Mar ⁇ k ist and located at least two of its technical characteristics ⁇ rule in the coordinate region of the graphic screen display.
- one DC-AC converter is associated with only one solar table per ever.
- the second plurality is less than 50% of the first plurality, in particular less than 10%.
- the starting point and destination of the PV system is the outline of an area (as a specified area), with the north direction usually being drawn on top (oriented in this way).
- PV systems Due to the large number of degrees of freedom, a large range of possible PV systems results on a specified area to be cultivated.
- the individual systems behave differently with regard to various decision-relevant technical properties, which often directly correspond to the optimization goals (by being maximized or minimized). These include, for example, the (technical) Nominal Leis ⁇ processing plant, the (technical) annual yield (energy produced in kWh - kilowatt hour), the technical effort (arrival number of required components, complexity of interconnection) and the expenditures for installation and maintenance of the equipment (robustness or sensitivity).
- the size of the individual technical properties (and thus the fulfillment of the optimization goals) of a PV system depend in a complex manner on technical parameters.
- the technical characteristics are also influenced by the topology (slopes or gradients) of the specific area, the course of the sun, the latitude at the location of the specific area and the typical course of weather over the area.
- module type and inverter type as an example of a DC-AC converter.
- the generation of the variety of PV systems themselves can be configured, meaning it can be made a ⁇ technical degrees of freedom. For example, it can be determined how many solar table columns are in a column group and which column groups extend over the specified area.
- solar tables each of which generates direct current when exposed to sunlight on a photosensitive surface. This surface are solar cells, organized in modules.
- the next organization is the arrangement of the solar tables that are not at their evenly throughout the designated area plat ⁇ but seen from the large number of localized technical sizes are placed depends, so their distances, their columns organization and its allocation to certain DC AC Converters that are present in a lesser variety.
- Each of these transducers receives power at a plurality of solar tables forming a group therewith. Such a group has fewer solar tables than the whole of the solar panels of the entire PV system.
- the assignment of the rated power of a respective group of solar tables to a converter can also be an indication of the number of associated tables.
- One possible design is to adjust the nominal power of the group of solar tables to the rated power of the DC-AC converter. But this technical interpretation is not always the ceremonies that make foreseeable that solar cells are significantly cheaper, and it is assumed that DC-AC converters today are already relatively mature and hardly fluctuating in price development, so it is technically smart, more solar tables to assign a DC-AC converter whose nominal load is allowed.
- a first inverter does not receive more than half of the totality of the solar tables and a second inverter no more than the other half of the solar tables.
- a group of inverters is then formed and an equal number of groups of solar tables are formed.
- the group of inverters carries the converted energy, transferred from DC to AC and boosted to the voltage level, to a transformer station.
- This transformer station forwards the AC voltage to a grid in the voltage of the location at which the PV system is built.
- the INTR ⁇ gene which guide the AC power from the inverters to the transformer station, designed as a ring line, which leads to an increased certainty Si are preferred. If the loop is separated at one point by ⁇ , all DC-AC converter can nevertheless perform their electricity transformer station of the rump ring.
- the cable length for the AC cable is significantly smaller, compared with the necessary cable length for interconnection and for connecting the solar tables.
- the claimed number of more than 80% in favor of DC cables can also be above 90% in power plants. This also applies if loop lines are used for the AC lines.
- a large number of finished layouts of photovoltaic systems are required, with the large number comprising a number of more than 20, usually more than 100 finished layouts.
- the size of this number determines the number of alternatives that fit the specified area where the PV system will stand.
- Each layout of a photovoltaic system is precisely specified by technical parameters, namely specific number and arrangement of all solar tables in the PV system that matches the specified area, the An ⁇ number and placement of all DC-AC converter, assigning each group of solar tables to their DC-AC converter, all Bahns - tion of DC cables and all web guides of AC lines, as well as of course the location of the transformer station.
- the PV system is technically specified, it has a nominal Leis ⁇ tung, rewrite an income and many other technical sizes they (abstract). Not the concrete layout of the system is displayed on the screen, but the technical characteristics of the actual layout. All of these large numbers of PV systems are stored in a memory module so that they can be retrieved and displayed, but not specifically in their design, but abstractly in their technical properties.
- each layout and therefore each PV system has at least one rated power, which is named P.
- the PV system 100 has, for example, tung Leis ⁇ P 100.
- a first plurality of solar tables is of a size which is technically determined and plotted. If the number of tables is N, the number of Ti ⁇ sche in the PV system 100 N 100.
- a smaller number of DC-AC converters results from the group formation of the solar tables and the assignment of a respective group of solar tables to a respective DC-AC converter. This number is designated for the 100 MW power plant with M100.
- the solar tables have a surface carrying the solar cells or a framework which supports the solar cells. They can be oriented horizontally or inclined, usually they are arranged at the same inclination for an entire PV system. This inclination can be in an angle range between 15 ° and 45 °. It depends on the latitude at which the PV power plant is built. The area of the solar cells, usually organized in modules, is aligned to the equator to the south and the further north the PV power plant is built, the stronger the inclination of the solar cell tra ⁇ ing ridge (or area).
- a common formation of the solar modules and their electrical circuit is positioned so that the first voltage level of the DC voltage-DC ⁇ that is taken up by the DC-AC converters, is not higher than 1,500 V, in particular greater than 500 V.
- Figure 1 shows a structure of the computer system with a
- Figure 1.1 is a perspective view of a table
- Figure 1.2 is a side view of Figure 1.1, wherein two Ti ⁇ cal Ti and T2 are shown spaced apart to the right and the distance d is designated.
- the second table T2 rep ⁇ räsentiert is lower, by its foot t 2 ', and further away from the first table Ti, characterized by the distance d'.
- FIG. 2 is a topology of a region 100a on which the
- PV power plant a photovoltaic system, for example, 100, is to be built and built. This area is represented by contour lines in its topology.
- 100a * represents the gray scale values between 90 m and 120 m.
- FIG. 2.1 is a layout 100 of a first PV system which is represented here by a multiplicity of tables T n , for example beginning with the tables ⁇ , T 2 (bottom left). The course of the table is organized in columns, one table has a given width and another table has a certain distance d from the previous table, as indicated by the figure
- FIG. 2.1 The PV system of Figure 2.1 has 1685 solar tables.
- Figure 2.2 shows a second PV array 101, also represented by their solar tables and the arrangement of these So ⁇ lartician T n, wherein the area 100a is the same.
- This layout of a PV system has 1719 solar tables.
- Figure 2.3 has 1671 solar tables and represents the PV system
- Figure 2.4 is an enlarged detail of Figure 2.1 in the region of the lower inner corner at b ⁇ , wherein the Inver ter Ii 3 is not yet placed, but only solar tables are shown.
- Figure 2.5 shows an enlarged segment of the same area of Figure 2.1, here with placed inverter I13, which has been placed at the position of a table, especially the Solarti ⁇ ULTRASONIC Ts4i.
- Figure 2.6 shows a wiring (in the sense of an electrical
- Figure 2.7 illustrates an enlarged detail, the illustrated more precisely illustrates the area below the transformer station W and the more accurate An ⁇ circuit, the individual solar tables shows in this Ge ⁇ Bidding, wherein the electrical interconnection the right column group of inverters I31, I30, I29 (and others) via the electrical loop LI is illustrated.
- Figure 3.1 shows a representation of the screen 34 of FIG.
- Figure 3.2 is the representation of Figure 3.1 with a restriction on the scale 41.
- Figure 3.3 is the illustration of Figure 3.2 with a second, additional restriction on the scale 42.
- Figure 3.4 is another setting of the scales in area 35 and another selection of two technical properties in coordinate area 34a.
- FIG. 4.1 shows a scenario comparison with two basic types of layouts of PV systems in the two counter-hatched areas 51, 52 that overlap in area 53.
- FIG. 10 shows three images of a real existing PV plant, on which the area occupied by solar table T n can be seen, the distance d of the solar table can be seen and its adaptation to the topology course, as well as the placement of inverters I m in each case a whole group of solar tables is assigned.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for providing a physical layout of a photovoltaic system in a specified area.
- FIG. 1 shows a memory module 30 in which a multiplicity of layouts are stored digitally. This memory can ⁇ example, be designed as a database.
- the screen display 34 which may be an expression or display on a display, having at least two ago ⁇ pre hobene areas, a coordinate region 34 and a shaft portion 35 in which a plurality of parallel axes, shown as graphically represented slider (axis with graphical shift buttons ) are applied.
- the layouts of the PV systems which are held in the memory module 30 for computer-assisted read-out by the computer 32 and suitable representations on the display device 34 can also be calculated and stored by this same computer 32.
- the first calculator 31 for the prediction or precalculation of the layouts is then unnecessary.
- the solar tables T n which are shown in the example as two tables ⁇ and T 2 in FIGS. 1.1 and 1.2, are those which carry a plurality of solar cells 20 on one surface. These solar cells can be organized differently.
- common organizations are designed so that several rows 21, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d are organized by solar modules and placed all over the top of the table Tl. They are electrically interconnected on the underside, either all the solar modules of a row in series or alternately by interleaving different modules from adjacent rows 21, 21a and series formation.
- each solar module 21, 22, 23 can be added, so that a voltage along a "string", eg. 21 or 21a is formed which corresponds to the residual stress of a module, multiplied by the number of maral ⁇ ended modules in series.
- the DC voltage formed thereby which is not changed by parallel switching of the plurality of strings, but is only increased in their deliverable current is currently not common systems above 1,500 V. It is a DC voltage that is generated by the incoming solar energy.
- the various rows 29, 29a, 29b (and others) are placed on an inclined surface in the example shown. This inclination can vary depending on the location of the PV system. It can also be close to 0 ° if the solar tables T are placed near the equator.
- the solar system has a low angle of inclination to counteract a Versehring and drain, for example, water.
- a Versehring and drain for example, water.
- Nei ⁇ supply angle near 0 ° will usually above 10 °, to achieve a self-cleaning ⁇ when water hits up to the solar cells 20 and flow out.
- the solar panels 20 are aligned to the south (to the equator) and have preferred in the entire PV system the same inclination.
- This tendency is a technical property value to the shading angle (Schattenwin ⁇ kel) ⁇ x (sigma) can be added, which may be the same for a total ⁇ system.
- This angle is represented as ⁇ 'i (sigmal) in FIG. 1.2 and extends from the upper edge of a table to the lower edge of the following table T 2 .
- This angle defines the distance between the two tables Ti and T2 shown in FIG. 1.2, which also depends on how the topology changes.
- the saddle-mounted on a frame fabric with the So ⁇ larzellen 20 is either on multiple feet or on a frame that is stabilized by transverse beams qi in the transverse direction.
- the example shown two feet ti and t 2 contribute with their different length to the Nei ⁇ supply angle 3 (theta) at.
- the cross-country race Bi changed at too occupying FLAE ⁇ che, as shown in Figure 1.2, (by the shading angle Ji (sigmai) the distance of the tables changed specified, from one another.
- the next stage is in egg ⁇ nem distance d 'is placed when the terrain downstream changed ⁇ changed, as shown at B2.
- the associated foot t 2' is deeper and by the predetermined shading angle, the distance d 'relative to the shorter distance d changes when the area Bi on same altitude remains.
- a specified area 100a is shown, which is the location and area of the photovoltaic installation to be constructed and erected.
- This specified area consists of two contiguous rectangles 100a 'and 100a ".
- contour lines There are drawn contour lines. The contour lines distributed highlights are also useful for intelligibility Hérange ⁇ subjected.
- a height scale 100a * (between 90m and is shown in increments of Sm 120m of the gray value the height corresponds to the corresponding gray value in the specified area) 100a.
- the associated, delimited by two contour lines area 100b' is ersicht ⁇ Lich and runs from north to south.
- 100a is a very high altitude, smaller area 100b", whose height is plateau at 122m (gray scale corresponding to the upper end of the height scale 100a *). This specified area is from the edge 99 of the two
- Rectangles are predetermined and limited and will be built on a photovoltaic system 100.
- PV system 100 involves the distribution of a large number of solar tables in a specified (mostly spatially limited) area with the aim of optimizing a large number of PV criteria
- An example of such a photovoltaic system on approximately 70 hectares is depicted at www.siemens.com/photonews/pn201105d
- This plant produces 31MW of solar cells
- “Google Earth” is the plant under construction from above under the coordinates 44.009420, 6.015299 (at 04190 Les Mees, France), also shown here in Figure 10. Table rows and columns are still there in the structure, but the - by no means straight-lined - boundaries of the specified area are clearly visible (brown- green transition) .
- the real tables are represented by short line pieces, lined up along a first column, and a second column of tables is arranged at a distance "a" next to it, and formed parallel. There is a multitude of symbo- between the first four columns of parallel tables T, and there are real distances b, each separating (spaced) a first group of table columns from a second group of table columns.
- the PV system 100 is not shown in Figure 2.1, but only represented by the location of tables T, by the location of inverters I, represented by explicitly named inverters Ii, I 1 2 and I M , respectively m is the control variable and a transformer station W.
- Figure 2.1 represents a PV installation 100 with 1685 solar tables, all of which are covered with panels 20, which are connected on a jewei ⁇ time solar table in strings in series and meh ⁇ eral of the strings are parallel to the solar table. This results in voltages in the range between 700 V and 1500 V, preferably in the voltage range between 800 V and 1000 V DC.
- the placement of the solar tables, the arrangement of the inverters (black rectangles) and the spatial configuration of the columns for filling the area 100a represent the design and thus the physical layout of the power plant 100.
- a transformer station W shown separately is located in the inner corner between the small and the larger rectangle.
- the inverters themselves are fed the DC cables of the individual tables, either grouped or sub-grouped or organized into networks.
- a jewei ⁇ celled group of tables is associated with an inverter and the DC cable of this group is supplied to this inverter.
- the group Gi which has a different shade of gray than the inverter I 2 supplied group G 2 (above the group Gi).
- G M of tables more groups can be identified by the different shades of gray in the solar tables, so the top which extends over two column groups.
- the solar tables thus form subgroups, each of which feeds (only) one inverter with solar-generated DC current.
- the table subgroup can therefore also be called "inverter area", eg G M -i (symbolized with dots).
- An inverter I m can also solar tables over more than one
- each column group Because of the width of each column group, it is also defined how many tables are to be arranged side by side in the transverse direction (arranged). It is to be assumed that in the transverse direction, the number of tables is always arranged side by side and in alignment, which is assigned to the column group. Visible is relatively straight linig extending in figure 2. Ida, middle area 100b "of the second column ⁇ group associated (lower left table T250) has placed five table columns side by side.
- a closer arrangement of the solar tables can be seen for example in the fourth column group (left below the inner corner with the transformer station W), which is based on an increase in the terrain 5, and subsequent dropping of the topology leads to larger distances of the individual tables along a respective column.
- FIG. 2.2 An embodiment of another power plant 101 can be seen from FIG. 2.2.
- This photovoltaic system 101 has n 1719 Solar ⁇ tables T and works with eight column groups is different or ⁇ ganinstrument and has no column groups with five tables next to each other, but column groups with a maximum of four side by side tables.
- the layout of the power plant 101 promises to yield a higher yield, although more area swallowing vertical column distances b are present.
- the groups of columns are not so wide, and thus the tables with their
- FIGS. 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 show at least three layouts or technical specifications, or physical layouts of three PV systems with a power above 2 MW. Further such can be created and are also created, so that a plurality of predetermined and defined in the exact design power plants are held in a memory, for example as a database 30 and stored.
- These predefined PV systems are calculated by a first computer 31 and stored in said database 30.
- a second computer 32 reads out these predefined PV systems and displays them on a graphic display 34.
- the representation may vary, it consists of a representation of the plurality, preferably of all the PV systems contained in the database, but not in their spatial / geometric formation (their physical layout), but in a representative representation in the coordinate area 34a, in the example so illustrated that there each point shown (as an example egg ⁇ ner mark) representative of a PV power plant (a PV system 100,101,102, ...) is.
- sliders graphics sliders
- technical properties of the power plants are represented in the scale area 35, which are represented symbolically in the image area 34a by only one point.
- the precalculated solutions are meaningful but are not the best solutions in every way.
- the precalculated, in the memory 30 (data base) stored solutions deal with the land on which the plant is built, they deal with the table placement, carried the table for table, they are concerned with an inverter region (the hard ⁇ interpretation of a area, which includes a group of tables, which may also be split-group), as well as the placement of inverters, and they deal with electrical wiring, affecting both the AC and DC cables ,
- the electrical interconnection includes the routing of the cables / cables and also the dimensioning of the cables / cables.
- GJB generator junction boxes
- BEYOND several cables of GJBs be summarized by others GJBs supply, so that all together ge an inverter ⁇ leads (where the solar tables this inverter are zugeord ⁇ net) which generates from the DC voltage higher in the voltage AC voltage.
- AJB Array Junction Box
- the inverters are usually self-commutated inverters, which convert to the nominal frequency of the photovoltaic system and convert to an intermediate voltage, in Europe usually in the range of 15kV, by AC transformer.
- Each inverter is connected to the transformer station W via one or more additional AC lines via which the PV system outputs its electrical power to an even higher-voltage grid HS in the area of the overland lines of 110 kV to 330 kV (European interconnected network), in the USA as low as 30 kV.
- the inverters of a first group of inverters are connected to the transformer station via a ring line, and another group of inverters is connected to a further ring line to the same transformer station, cf.
- the analysis of the plot of Figure 2 leads to a ⁇ ers th establishing a preferred direction of the tables. It is also possible to select a plurality of preferred directions in a specified area 100a. In the example shown, the preferred direction is from north to south. It determines the direction of the columns of the solar table. The row of several juxtaposed tables of one column runs from east to west, where with "a" only symbolic character, the physical distance of the solar tables in east-west direction is practically zero.
- the preferred direction in the example shown is relatively easy to choose times from north to south, because the boundaries of land ⁇ tee also extend essentially from North to South, even if they are not perpendicular to each other. If these boundaries of the "specified area" are more inclined, ie if a parallelogram is present and not a rectangle, then the preferred direction of the tables is also aligned with the boundaries of the specified area, ie inclined with respect to the north-south direction.
- the preferred direction to choose is an assessment question. They can be provided by Inge ⁇ nieur industrial, engineering knowledge can ter stroke un-, or it can be made to optimize in terms of a model bill that tested one or more preferred directions. These preferred directions can each be in different form also cause and starting point for different layouts of then resulting different power plants, which fall under the precalculated amount of ge ⁇ saved "solutions" of power plants that are stored in the database 30.
- the preferred direction is thus also a criterion or property of a layout of power plants which can be used for the later selection and navigation on the screen.
- Another way to define the preferred direction is not the use of boundaries of the property (outer edges), but of topological conditions within the property, such as the apparent vertical
- Hose 100b "in Figure 2 could extend assumed dimensions also inclined by 30 °, and thus regardless of the rela ⁇ tiv vertical (north-south) may specify a preferential direction which is inclined at 30 °, extending boundaries.
- the rela ⁇ tiv vertical may specify a preferential direction which is inclined at 30 °, extending boundaries.
- the placement of the solar tables is a further step, which belongs to a pre-calculated, finished layout solution of the photovoltaic system. It starts with the definition of the column groups.
- Column group comprises a plurality of Tischspal ⁇ th, it can (each confining ⁇ Lich) table columns in a column group may be associated with between two and six.
- a single-table column is also possible, but usually at the edge of the specified areas, cf. Figure 2.2, right.
- first column group may start at a distance or immediately at the left edge, and / or the last column group may be at the end of the area or at a distance from the end of the right edge of the area.
- the column group which preferably contains two to six columns of tables, can also be limited to only one table column in the edge area, as shown in FIG. 2.2. This is due to the geometry and extent of the specified area, but should not be used in the interior of the specified area as training or design, at best in the border area.
- a topology-adaptive column configuration can also be done, which is based for example on the basis of topology of the Fi ⁇ gur 2, so the selection of three broad Spaltengrup ⁇ pen, second group to the fourth group (in the power plant layout of Figure 2.1), which "guided by the wide stripe 100b in Figure 2). in the longitudinal direction of the solar tables (east-west direction) may increase the specified area and wastes for ⁇ len without the distances between the solar tables change.
- the filling of the column groups is the next step , wherein the solar tables are each placed in a row together, ie the tables ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and the two adjoining adjacent aligned tables form a row (in the first column group of Figure 2.1).
- the tables can be placed very close to each other (d is small), starting at the bottom left in Figure 2.1, since no topalogical slope has to be compensated for or the incline favoring a proximity of the rows of tables is not present.
- a northward slope in south-facing rows of tables allows for closer placement or closer placement of the individual rows of tables in a respective column group, causing a slope that extends the rows of tables a greater distance d '(here north-south ) must be provided in order not to let the shading of the further back table at low sun to be too large.
- the second (rear) table row then receives only limited light irradiation if it is arranged too close to the first (front) table row and along the column group a slope (viewed in Figure 2.1 upwards) is present. Further influence comes about through different topological levels in the transverse direction of a column group.
- the specified domain descends along a half of the width of the column group strongly than the Benach ⁇ disclosed region section in the rest of the column group, so loading the table distance measuring in the longitudinal direction of the column group for the necessary larger table distance in the the descending region section, although in the left Area section that does not lower, a closer / closer alignment of the individual rows of tables would be possible.
- Figure 1.2 shows the shadow angle ⁇ Ji (sigma) and the tilt angle ⁇ 3 (theta) of the solar cells bearing surface of the solar lartischs ⁇ . Both angles measured with respect to the horizontal H.
- the second table T2 is placed at a distance d from the first table Ti. This distance d results from a Betrach ⁇ processing of the shadow angle whose driving jet is characterized by ⁇ ⁇ i. It starts at the top of the first table ⁇ and runs to the bottom of the table T 2 . Is no gradient recorded and the ground plane along the topology Bi, the table T2 in the second row of the column group is to decorate plat ⁇ , as shown in Figure 1.2 to the table T2.
- the table T2 comes to rest lower, ie, with the definition of the impact beam having hit the shadow angle at its lower edge, it must have a greater distance d 'from the first table, so that the lower edge of the table T2 is reached from the shadow ⁇ angle.
- inverter areas are defined. It is based on a fully occupied specified area, which is occupied by tables, as shown in the three examples of Figures 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, each with different table positions and different column ⁇ group definitions and different placement of the distances b of the column groups are given.
- the starting point for the placement of a first inverter is a first group of solar tables and a low cabling effort on the DC side.
- the inverter I m is supplied with power by all the solar tables belonging to its group G m . This is called the "inverter area" or the subgroup.
- the group Gi is assigned to the inverter Ii and all tables are connected with their DC cables to this inverter.
- the twelfth group G 1 2 is assigned.
- the assignment of a group can be carried out in the example shown so that all inverters are to lie along the first distance width, which is configured, for example, as a cable path.
- the parallel next, next distance width b2 between the second and the third column group of solar tables is designed in the example as a guideway (for maintenance) and at her should be no inverter.
- the again next distance width b3 is again designed as a cable path and is located in longitudinally (north-south) spaced inverters.
- the assignment to an inverter can be made successively, starting with the first two column groups in common, from right to left and row by row (row by row).
- the first group Gi When the rated power of the inverter Ii is reached by the allocation of a set of solar tables ⁇ , T 2 ..., the first group Gi is completed. An approximately centrally located table is then taken out and in its place is placed (as central as possible in the first group) of the inverter Ii. It can be carried out to oversize or over-moiety, wherein the first inverter Ii more solar tables are electrically associated than corresponds to its nominal power, so power rating of a table multiplies the on ⁇ number of solar tables is inverter power (rated power), or 30% to 50% or more than 100% overloaded from the nominal power of the tables. Also thought the other way around, it can be under-dimensioned by up to 30%. Conveniently, the inverter power is practically chosen according to the sum of the table powers of the first group Gi. This also applies to the other table groups (inverter areas) of the whole specified area.
- the inverters are placed one above the other for one group, or conversely spoken, the next group of solar tables is assigned to the next inverter. If, at the very top end, the inverter I 1 2 is not supplied with sufficient rated power from solar tables in order to reach its rated output, tables can be added from the next column group (s). In the example, this is also the case, the upper inverter I 1 2 all remaining ⁇ tables of the left column group, ie the group G 1 2 as ⁇ assigned as the upper solar tables of the other three column groups until it reaches its rated power. All solar tables on the northern edge of region 100a "are to inverter I 1 2
- inverter areas can also be reversed from top to bottom (north to south).
- inverters can be placed in both directions from above and below, and groups of solar tables can be assigned respectively, and with a remainder table set in the central area of the left two column groups, solar tables can also be added from the third right column group be added.
- a row of tables consisting of four solar tables in the first group and five of five solar tables in the second group need not be assigned to an inverter as a whole, but to the third group of tables and columns (above table T550) Also individual tables (here three tables with T 5 8o) of a table row are assigned to another inverter (other gray value of the table group).
- the assignment is made over the entire specified area 100a.
- the number of subgroups of solar tables results and thus also the number of inverters. ⁇ different gray values of tables showing different areas inverter.
- All inverters are then electrically connected, and with AC voltage lines of the transformer station W assigned ⁇ .
- This is preferably done with in Fig 2.6 dargestell ⁇ th ring lines L i, L 2 , in which a group of inverters is located in an electrical loop and the transformer W in the same loop.
- a group of inverters is located in an electrical loop and the transformer W in the same loop.
- safety is provided because the current from the inverters can flow over the other portion of the ring.
- a higher to ⁇ reliability is achieved that.
- the inverters output a higher AC voltage in the range of 15 kV.
- the transformer station W converts this voltage in the fre- quency of the country in which the region 100a is located at a height ⁇ re voltage level, preferably 110 kV to 330 kV to.
- the cabling effort can be provided with a criterion according to which its aluminum or copper weight is determined and determined as a configuration parameter (criterion) of the thus designed and layouted PV system.
- the cable length is not primarily relevant here. It depends on the total amount of copper or aluminum used ⁇ miniums for the cables and cables, in terms of their weight.
- the cabling of the AC and DC cables is primarily based on the alignment of the rows of tables and the column spacing, which are perpendicular to each other.
- the cables are preferably routed along this rectangular grid and not across or diagonally under the tables. This statement applies to the preferred direction of the area geometry of Figure 2.1, which runs essentially from north to south. If the configuration were parallelogram-like and the preferred direction would be inclined, the cable paths would be correspondingly inclined. In general, it can be said that the preferred direction determines a direction of the cable guide and the direction of the rows of tables defines a second direction of cable routing and routing.
- Figure 2.6 illustrates a possible relocation of the electrical ⁇ rule cables / wires.
- FIGS. 2.6 and 2.7 show, by way of example, an embodiment of a part of the DC wiring and of a part of the AC wiring for the example of FIG. 2.1.
- the right section (the right three columns ⁇ groups) is picked out and enlarged.
- the upper inverter is I 24
- the lower left inverter is I 13.
- the right top inverter is I 31
- the bottom right inverter is I 25 . All these inverters are connected to the transformer station W by lines. Shown is the upper group of inverters, which are connected via a ring line L2 to the transformer station W.
- inverters can supply their AC voltage and their alternating current to the transformer station W via the other arm or branch of the cable ring.
- the inverters I 31 to I 25 are connected to the transformer station W via a similar ring Li.
- the cable routing is oriented vertically.
- the electrical connection of the individual tables is made by cables, some of which are exemplarily drawn as Ki, K 2 , K3 and K 4 ⁇ .
- Each table itself is connected to a AJB its own cable (Array Junction Box), and a plurality of the ⁇ ser array junction box are electrically connected together at a GJB 70 and then is switched to the inverter I 31, which is associated tables the group.
- the inverter I 31 is shown, to which the power is supplied from five GJB 70 (Generator Junction Box), from the second column group from the right.
- the tables located in the right-hand column group, which are also assigned to this inverter 131, are not shown electrically connected to lines, but are also electrically connected according to the example of the second column group from the right.
- Each table T n is defined in its geometry and its arrangement, each inverter is defined, the distances between the column groups are defined, the location of the transformer station W is defined and other technical ⁇ cal parameters of the tables, such as the angle of inclination of the solar cell surfaces , are also defined and defined.
- Layer ⁇ if defined and set all of the web guides Ka ⁇ bel (DC) and all track guides the lines (AC), the n of the tables T are lead to the inverters, or by inverters I m from the transformer station W.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the graphical representation of the large number of finished (ready-to-build) and pre-calculated layouts of power plants.
- FIG. 3.1 is an enlarged view of the screen 34 showing three sections vertically beneath each other. The upper section 34a is a two dimensional representation ei ⁇ nes any dimensional space.
- PV systems power plants
- X-axis number of tables
- V-axis number of inverters
- Circled shown is the PV system 105, with characteristic quantities (their property values ⁇ ) in the third region 35 (from the top) of the screen representation 34 is shown or represented abstractly.
- In area 35 are a plurality of graphically represented sliders that represent the PV system 105 property values with a wedge 36 on each of the scales.
- the values shown in section 36a are the specifically selected PV system with, for example, the following property values, a number of 1470 solar tables, 27 inverters, 16 ° inclination angle of each solar panel (in relation to the horizontal), a shadow angle of 16 ° for determining the distance the tables, wherein the Ab ⁇ stand of the tables according to the representation of Figure 2.1 varies depending on the topology, but at the same shadow angle. Also, the rated power (peak power) is given as 30.87 MW. The "Vield Post Inverter" (annual income) is shown as 36,837.79 MWh. These parameters beschrei ⁇ ben the PV system 105, are circled shown in the representation 34a XV, wherein here picked inverter 27 and 1470 tables, the coordinates on the axes.
- the X-axis and the V axis can range 34a out ⁇ selected and adjusted, and then the values are represented in the obe ⁇ ren section 34a of the screen display 34, which are displayed on the scales in the area 35.
- Table number and the number of inverters of this PV power plant 105 is selected for explanatory purposes.
- the other dot representations in area 34a correspond to the small dashes on the six scales in work area 35.
- the two end values of these scales are shown at 35a on the left and 35b on the right.
- the available in the memory 30 Olive ⁇ calculated power plant layouts have a number of tables between 1102 and 2040. Accordingly, they have a rated load between 23.142 MW and 42.84 MW.
- the user From the yield (per year) the user, user or operator of the plant can calculate what expected yield he can sell to his customers per year. It can measure its prices for the sold electricity from it, he can calculate from ⁇ descriptions and he can estimate how the investment will pay off economically.
- the actual technical value is primarily relevant.
- the user other economic factors may be additionally relevant.
- the "Yield Post Inverter” (revenue per year) contains a technical ⁇ specific component, as well as for the operator an economic union ⁇ aspect of "predictability".
- the rated power is so far easier to determine, it can be proportionally dependent on the number of tables, if each table has the same structure and an equal discrete Ini ⁇ tialaku provides. It can be seen on the scroll bar 40 of FIG. 3.1 that a multiplicity of further technical property values of the illustrated PV system are also shown.
- Equipment in box 34a can be scrolled into view.
- a technical measure is the sensitivity against construction errors. Every plant, which is planned individually, has a high degree of dividueller in ⁇ construction output result. A system that is gleichmä ⁇ FLOWING planned is easier to realize for the step of performing the construction. She is less vulnerable
- Construction defects An installation that is individually designed so that each table distance can be different, as shown in Figure 2.1, is more susceptible to building defects and more complex in the construction phase. This value "robust plant” is to show that a plant changes its performance more or less strongly depending on construction errors. The scale can then be used to distinguish robust systems and sensitive systems, cf. see figure 4.1.
- Another value that often plays a key role for the operator is the LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity), which combines a large number of variables and vividly describes the average cost per kilowatt-hour (KWh) generated over the life of the plant.
- the running time of the plant can be for example 20 years and a case ⁇ play value for a LCOE is 17 cents per kilowatt hour (KWh).
- the LCOE can also take into account that the actually stated rated power for solar cells is not their real rated power.
- the nominal power is a measured in the laboratory
- FIG. 3.2 shows a restriction, that is to say a restriction of a property range, which is explained here on the scale 41 in the example. All other scales can be restricted in the same way.
- the limitation is shown by two limits, which limit the power range with 36 'and 36 "on the scale 41.
- the two limit values on the left and right on this scale are indicated by the wedge-shaped sliders 36' and 36". richly limited, which is shown on the left and right in the area 35a and 35b, ie about 30 MW and 35.8 MW. Selected from this is the same plant 105 with the rated power of 30.87 MW, which is also outlined in the coordinate representation section 34a with a circle.
- FIG. 3.3 Another limitation of an additional scale 42 is shown in FIG. 3.3.
- the number of inverters of the scale 42 are ⁇ limits from 29 to 30 (the fraction form is not to be considered here, there are integers from inverted tern). These two boundaries 37 'and 37 "are in fact two quantities of inverters 29 and 30, as can be seen at the two short pitch lines. Selection between these two values is the number 29, whose associated plant 106 in Ko ⁇ ordinate 34a is shown ,
- the user can change a selected attachment at any time by using the wedge up Slider 36 changed. It is sufficient, one of the six Darge ⁇ featured slider to change 36 since a plant naturally always a set of property values belongs.
- the selection via the slider 36 is not always unique. It is then clearer to select one of the systems which are shown in the coordinate area 34a, that is to say the system 106 (symbolized by a circle), which is highlighted in FIG. 3.3. The latter then adjusts the sliders in the work area 35 so that their associated property values are identified, which are identifiable to the user.
- Ver ⁇ changes the inclination angle of the axis 43 in the sense of a ⁇ restriction between the values of 16 ° and 24.89 ° (angle of inclination of the solar surface 20 relative to the horizontal), then the highlighted group of selected thereby power plants shown are produced.
- the drawn Verbin ⁇ extension line 36a connects the selected characteristics of the plant 107, which is highlighted with a shadow angle of 16 ° and an inclination angle of 16 ° also in the portion 4a 3 by a circle.
- Figure 4.1 shows a scenario comparison. This is a comparison of at least two (basic) types of layouts.
- the coordinate area 34a it is possible, for example, to display information about key figure areas which cover individual scenarios.
- FIG. 4.1 the areas of a scenario covered in the measures are displayed as colored or other contrasting sections adjacent to the axes.
- FIG. 4.1 one sees a horizontal and a vertical darker (internal) distance corresponding to the characteristic "cost" or “yield".
- This is a first scenario. It ge ⁇ listening to the first type of layouts that are combined in the further to the left / bottom lying area (Rechtsschraffur). If one has defined another scenario, this is marked with a different color or contrast, as can be seen in the figure 4.1.
- a second horizontal and a second vertical lighter (outer) distance also in accordance with the characteristic value of "cost" and "He ⁇ contract", but for the second scenario. It belongs to the second (fundamental) kind of layouts, which are summarized in the second right / upper area (left-hander for).
- Non-selected layouts of PV systems may also be displayed outside the two hatched areas.
- the scenarios could a simple, robust (build less interference-prone arrangement of the tables) and favorable layout (darkierschraffur) and an individual ⁇ layout (construction errors sensitive arrangement of tables), which is more expensive (a bright, lines outside area on the top right Linksschraffür).
- the user can see that there is a yield difference of 0.3 GWh between the PV plant layouts with the highest yield in both scenarios
- the user can draw a distance between any two PV systems (which he has identified, for example, as being the most interesting of two "scenarios", or as two of the most interesting ones from a single scenario) by: Click on the two PV systems in the coordinate area 34a.
- the figure shows a route.
- the differences between the two attachments in the current key figures are displayed in absolute and percentage terms. In this way of working to be more user analyze the differences are how significant the in ⁇ Alternative layout in the key figures.
- a first approach to be able to use discrete parameters from the design space in the visualization would be a representation as a "pseudo-number", ie, for example, making a yes-no decision like "block design or not?" assign two values, such as "0" and "1", which correspond to the answers "No” and "Yes”. In this way, we obtain an instantaneous Integ ⁇ ration of these discrete parameters in the existing graphical view concepts.
- Figure 11 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for creating a physi ⁇ rule layout of a photovoltaic system on a SPECIFIED ⁇ th field.
- step 1101 are precomputed more than 20, finished Lay ⁇ outs for the photovoltaic unit from a memory 30.le ⁇ sen.
- step 1102 the final layouts are shown in a graphical representation such that each of the final layout is represented with at least a subset of the plurality of technical properties ⁇ rule.
- step 1103 value ranges of the illustrated technical properties are changed to comparatively represent a changed number of finished layouts.
- step 1104 a layout optimized in terms of the illustrated properties is selected from the changed number of finished layouts.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011055849 | 2011-11-29 | ||
| DE102012106124A DE102012106124A1 (de) | 2011-11-29 | 2012-07-06 | PV Anlagendesign (Verfahren zum Bau und zur Gestaltung einer Solaranlage) |
| PCT/EP2012/071908 WO2013079282A2 (de) | 2011-11-29 | 2012-11-06 | Verfahren zur schaffung eines physikalischen layouts einer photovoltaik-anlage |
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| EP2786285A2 true EP2786285A2 (de) | 2014-10-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP12790824.2A Withdrawn EP2786285A2 (de) | 2011-11-29 | 2012-11-06 | Verfahren zum design eines physikalischen layouts einer photovoltaik-anlage |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9465908B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2786285A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104254855B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012106124A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013079282A2 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012106124A1 (de) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-05-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | PV Anlagendesign (Verfahren zum Bau und zur Gestaltung einer Solaranlage) |
| DE102012106130A1 (de) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vereinfachte PV Anlagenerstellung mit einem fortlaufend platzierten Systemblock |
| DE102012210132A1 (de) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erstellen eines Anlagenlayouts eines Photovoltaik-Freiflächenkraftwerks mit Solartrackern |
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| US20140331198A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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| CN104254855A (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
| CN104254855B (zh) | 2018-04-20 |
| DE102012106124A1 (de) | 2013-05-29 |
| WO2013079282A2 (de) | 2013-06-06 |
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