EP2783378A1 - Switch for direct current operation having at least one circuit breaker chamber - Google Patents

Switch for direct current operation having at least one circuit breaker chamber

Info

Publication number
EP2783378A1
EP2783378A1 EP12790577.6A EP12790577A EP2783378A1 EP 2783378 A1 EP2783378 A1 EP 2783378A1 EP 12790577 A EP12790577 A EP 12790577A EP 2783378 A1 EP2783378 A1 EP 2783378A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
switch
contact
switch according
bridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12790577.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2783378B1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Gerving
Volker Lang
Johannes Meissner
Ralf Thar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP12790577.6A priority Critical patent/EP2783378B1/en
Publication of EP2783378A1 publication Critical patent/EP2783378A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2783378B1 publication Critical patent/EP2783378B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/0264—Mountings or coverplates for complete assembled circuit breakers, e.g. snap mounting in panel
    • H01H71/0271—Mounting several complete assembled circuit breakers together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1009—Interconnected mechanisms
    • H01H71/1027—Interconnected mechanisms comprising a bidirectional connecting member actuated by the opening movement of one pole to trip a neighbour pole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, comprising at least one switching chamber, wherein each switching chamber has two switching pieces each having a first contact region, one with a
  • Switching bridge movable and electrically conductive bridge switching piece with two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating at least one of the second contact areas of the respective first contact area, and at least two magnets for generating a magnetic field.
  • Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts.
  • the arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air. Clear in AC-powered switches
  • Arcs usually at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts. If the circuit is operated with sufficient current and voltage, for example, more than about one ampere and more than 50 volts, the arc does not automatically go out. For this reason, in such switches, the extinction of the arc is accelerated by the use of a magnetic field that is poled to exert a driving force on the arc toward a quenching chamber. To generate a strong magnetic field are usually permanent magnets used. The driving force of the magnetic field in the direction of
  • Extinguishing chambers is given only in a certain current flow direction.
  • the extinguishing chambers which serve to extinguish the arc, are intended to keep the period during which the arc burns as short as possible, since the arc releases a large amount of heat, which is used to burn off the contacts and / or the thermal load Switching chamber leads in the switch and thus reduces the life of the switch.
  • the space requirement for switches with corresponding extinguishing chambers, especially for non-polarity switch is significant. In two- or multi-pole switches correspondingly higher amounts of heat are released by arcs than in single-pole switches, which in turn requires larger switch housing with higher space requirements.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a switch with a fast and reliable erase behavior of resulting Ausschaltlichtbögen available, the space requirement of the amount of heat released is adjusted, without thereby increasing the variety of parts of the switch housing is increased.
  • the switch according to the invention should in particular be suitable for a DC operation, have one or more switching chambers and preferably be designed to be double-interrupting and / or polarity-independent.
  • Switching chamber comprises two contact pieces each having a first contact region and a bridge bridge movable with an electrically conductive bridge and switching piece.
  • About the bridge contact piece is an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas produced, wherein a easy interrupting switch is separable only via one of the contact pairs of the first and second contact region, while the other contact pair remains permanently connected, for example via a strand.
  • the two second contact areas are separated from the respective first contact area.
  • each chamber has at least two magnets, in particular permanent magnets.
  • a modular construction of the switch wherein the switch is provided with only one switching chamber for a single-pole operation and can be extended by adding at least one second switching chamber for a multi-pole operation.
  • the space requirement of the switch of the amount of heat produced can be adjusted by Ausschaltlichtbögen.
  • the modular construction advantageously allows uniform switching chamber components to be used to produce single or multi-pole switches.
  • a preferred embodiment relates to a two-pole operation of the switch, wherein two switching chambers are connected to each other such that their respective opening sides are facing each other. Also preferably, the switching chambers for a two-pole operation by a plate against each other are electrically isolated, the plate is used in a single-pole operation as a cover of the individual switching chamber housing.
  • the two switching chambers preferably have a common switching bridge for moving the bridge switching pieces.
  • an additional magnet for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge for each switching chamber.
  • An advantage of this additional magnet is that the magnetic field in the region of the first and second contact regions is particularly well influenced, since the additional magnet passes through the movement of the switching bridge in the immediate vicinity of the first and second contact areas. In particular, the field strength of the magnetic field in this area is significantly increased by the additional magnet, which advantageously accelerates quenching of Arc allowed.
  • the additional magnet is preferably arranged in a recess in the movable switching bridge in height of the contact areas.
  • the magnetic field is used to exert a magnetic force on the arc or arcs, so that at least one of the arcs, preferably independently of the current direction in the arc, is driven in the direction of one of the extinguishing devices, wherein the contact pieces of the switching chambers are arranged so that the second contact areas are located in a line substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the arcs.
  • the additional magnet is movable to amplify the magnetic field strength with the switching bridge in a region of the separable first and second contact areas.
  • the auxiliary magnet is movable in close proximity to the region of the first and second contact regions, not between the first and second contact regions.
  • the at least two magnets are, for example, at least twice as far away from the first and second contact regions as the additional magnet.
  • the at least two magnets can in particular be arranged outside the switching chamber or in the region of the switching chamber wall, also on the inside of the switching chamber wall, preferably in an insulating pocket.
  • the magnets are preferably designed as at least two plate-shaped magnets whose surfaces are arranged parallel to each other.
  • At least two extinguishing devices are provided per switching chamber or contact pair for extinguishing arcing, which can occur during separation of the first and second contact regions.
  • Particularly preferably four erasing devices are provided for polarity-independent erasing of the arcs.
  • the first extinguishing devices are provided per switching chamber or contact pair for extinguishing arcing, which can occur during separation of the first and second contact regions.
  • Particularly preferably four erasing devices are provided for polarity-independent erasing of the arcs.
  • Arc conductors extend from the first contact regions and second arc conductors extend from the second contact regions toward the extinguishing devices, wherein a distance of the first arc conductor from the second Arc conductors are particularly preferably increased in the direction of the extinguishing devices.
  • each bridge switching piece extends in a direction transversely, in particular approximately at right angles, to an extension direction of the switching pieces. Transverse to a direction is to be understood in the sense not parallel to the direction.
  • the switching pieces are designed for multi-pole operation such that the terminals of the switch with respect to their position and / or installation position correspond to a multi-pole AC switch.
  • a faulty sound due to an unfamiliar position of the connections in DC switches over the AC switches used much more often over a long time is thereby advantageously avoided.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a switch according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the switch of Figure 1;
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show two perspective views of a detail of the switch according to FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment according to Figure 1 shows a switch according to the invention, in particular a multi-pole, independent of the current direction compact switch according to the invention in a switching operation to show an efficient quenching behavior by the shortest possible arc time.
  • the Connections of the main current paths or contact pieces 10a, 20a are arranged opposite to each other at the same level, relative to the installation depth of the switch, as in the case of a commercially available AC contactor.
  • the opposing contact pieces 10b, 20b are arranged in the figure 1 behind the switch and therefore only in the other figures 2 and 3 a and 3b recognizable.
  • the switch is designed in the form of two overlapping switch chambers 41a, 41b of preferably identical construction, which makes it possible in particular to realize a single-pole switch with only one switching chamber 41b or expand this modular, by adding a further switching chamber 41a, to a two-pole switch.
  • the switching arrangements for each pole are accommodated in two separate, identical switching chambers 41a, 41b, which are arranged one above the other.
  • the switching chambers 41a, 41b are mounted with their opening sides facing each other.
  • the two switching chambers 41a, 41b are sealed off from each other by a partition 43 made of insulating material. In this way, a cost-effective solution is realized with compact installation conditions.
  • the partition wall 43 is designed as a cover, the switch according to the invention can also be of modular construction, optionally with only one switching chamber 41b or two-pole with both switching chambers 41a, 41b.
  • the first pole or the first switching chamber 41a has two contact pieces 10a, 10b, each having a first contact region 11 and a bridge bridge 30 movable and electrically conductive Brückenschalt choir 30 with two second contact areas 31 for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas 11, 31 and for separating the second contact areas 31 from the respective first contact area 11.
  • the second switching chamber 41b has two switching pieces 20a, 20b, respectively a first contact area 21.
  • Contact areas 31 is identical to the first switching chamber 41a and therefore also designated.
  • the movable bridge switching pieces 30 of both poles are in this case arranged one above the other at the common switching bridge 35, whereby a synchronized switching process is realized for both poles.
  • the first and second contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 are also referred to below as fixed contact areas 11, 21 and movable contact areas 31, which form contact pairs.
  • the pairs of contacts each have two opposite, preferably identical extinguishing devices 61, 62.
  • the extinguishing devices are preferably designed as so-called Deion chambers, which consist of a stack arrangement of mutually electrically insulated sheets 66 each having an air gap between two adjacent sheets.
  • the extinguishing devices 61, 62 are each extended to runner-shaped angled second arc conductors or arc runners 32, wherein the outgoing ends of the bridge in the off case, point approximately in the direction of the outer edges 65 of the extinguishing devices.
  • the movable contact areas 31 are located in each case at the intersection between the bridge switching piece 30, which are rotated by approximately 90 degrees against the connecting axis of two opposing extinguishing devices 61, 62, and from there perpendicularly outgoing arc running plates 32nd
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show two perspective views of the switch according to FIG Figure 1, but without chamber walls of the switching chambers 41a, 41b, shown.
  • the perspective in Figure 3a corresponds to that of Figure 1, while Figure 3b shows a rotated by 90 degrees perspective.
  • the contact pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b are designed differently with the fixed contact areas 11, 21 for the two poles of the switch, which will be described in addition with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b.
  • the two contact piece carriers 10 a, 10 b respectively parallel to the longer chamber wall at the lower end of the switching chamber 41 a in this, wherein the one contact piece 10 a immediately behind the inner chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41a is angled to be bent again just before reaching the lateral chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to a chamber bottom or the partition wall 43.
  • a parallel offset of the two contact pieces 10a, 10b is achieved, in such a way that both are aligned in parallel to each other current paths in the direction of the longer chamber side.
  • the switching pieces 20a, 20b are designed in a similar manner, but with the difference that both switching pieces 20a, 20b immediately after entry into the switching chamber 41b initially at right angles in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41st b are angled so that they run towards the bottom of the chamber.
  • the one switching piece 20a is then again by 90 degrees in the direction parallel to the short Angled chamber wall to be angled in front of the chamber wall again at right angles in the direction parallel to the chamber bottom. In this way, the switching piece 20a is guided parallel to the longitudinal-side chamber wall analogously to the switching chamber 41a of the first pole along the chamber bottom.
  • the second switching piece 20b is again bent at right angles in the region of the chamber bottom in such a way that it is parallel to the first contact piece along the chamber bottom.
  • the two switching pieces 20a, 20b extend from the switching chamber wall initially below the extinguishing devices 61, 62. Outside the same, they are angled obliquely upward again, so that the two fixed contact areas 21 at the level of the center of the extinguishing devices 61st , 62 are arranged.
  • a switch is realized with an optimized arc running behavior, in such a way that the resulting switching arcs are directed under the action of magnetic Blasfelder within very short times targeted in the direction of one of the extinguishing device 61, 62. Due to the special design of the contact pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b is further achieved that the connections of the main current paths are arranged with respect to position and depth as in a multi-pole AC switch.
  • an arrangement of in each case at least two permanent magnets 51a, 51b and an additional magnet 51c is arranged in each of the two switching chambers 41a, 41b in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the two magnets 51a, 51b can be arranged, for example, outside the switching chambers 41a, 41b, while the additional magnet 51c for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge 35, preferably in each case at the level of the movable contact regions 31.
  • the bridge switching pieces 30 angled on both sides trapezoidal.
  • the permanent magnetic arrangement Due to the effective Lorentz force, the permanent magnetic arrangement causes the partial arcs that arise when the contacts are opened to be independent of the direction of flow always in the direction of two of the four total extinguishing devices 61, 62 are moved and extinguished there.
  • Additional magnets 51 c directly in the region of the switching contacts allows the generation of a homogeneous magnetic field of high magnetic field strength, which allows due to its blowing effect a rapid movement of the arc in the direction of the respective extinguishing device 61, 62 and thus a comparatively short residence time of the arc between the contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 result, which advantageously reduces the erosion of the contacts and the
  • the permanent magnets 51a, 51b and 51c are preferably made of ferritic material and / or of rare earth materials such as Nd-Fe-B or Sa-Co and / or of materials which allow the formation of plastic-bonded moldings.
  • the switching chamber housing are preferably made of ceramic or thermosetting plastic and divided into four bays separated by bulkheads, each carrying on one outer exhaust openings.

Abstract

The invention relates to a switch for, in particular, direct current operation, comprising at least one circuit breaker chamber (41b), each circuit breaker chamber comprising two contact pieces (20a, 20b) having respectively a first contact area (21), an electrically conductive bridge circuit (30) which can be moved by means of a contact bridge (35) and which has two contact regions (31) for establishing an electrically conductive connection between the first (21) and second contact regions (31) and for separating at least one of the two contact regions from the respective first contact region, in addition to at least two magnets (51a, 51b) for generating a magnetic field.

Description

SCHALTER FUER GLEICHSTROMBETRIEB MIT MINDESTENS EINER SCHALTKAMMER  SWITCH FOR DC POWER OPERATION WITH AT LEAST ONE SWITCH CHAMBER
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schalter, der insbesondere für einen Gleichstrombetrieb vorgesehen ist, umfassend mindestens eine Schaltkammer, wobei jede Schaltkammer zwei Schaltstücke mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich, ein mit einer The invention relates to a switch, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, comprising at least one switching chamber, wherein each switching chamber has two switching pieces each having a first contact region, one with a
Schaltbrücke bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Brückenschaltstück mit zwei zweiten Kontaktbereichen zur Herstellung einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen und zum Trennen mindestens eines der zweiten Kontaktbereiche von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich, sowie mindestens zwei Magnete zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Felds aufweist.  Switching bridge movable and electrically conductive bridge switching piece with two second contact areas for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas and for separating at least one of the second contact areas of the respective first contact area, and at least two magnets for generating a magnetic field.
Elektrische Schalter sind Komponenten in einem Stromkreis, die mittels interner, elektrisch leitender Kontakte eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung herstellen oder trennen. Bei einer zu trennenden, stromführenden Verbindung fließt Strom durch die Kontakte, bis diese voreinander getrennt werden. Wenn ein induktiver Stromkreis durch einen Schalter getrennt wird, reduziert sich der Stromfluss nicht unmittelbar auf Null, so dass es zur Bildung eines Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontakten kommen kann. Der Lichtbogen ist eine Gasentladung durch ein an sich nichtleitendes Medium, wie beispielsweise Luft. In Schaltern mit Wechselstrombetrieb (AC) löschen Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts. The arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air. Clear in AC-powered switches
Lichtbögen in der Regel beim Nulldurchgang des Wechselstroms. Da ein solcher Nulldurchgang des Stroms in Schaltern mit Gleichstrombetrieb (DC) fehlt, können beim Trennen der Kontakte stabile Lichtbögen entstehen. Sofern der Stromkreis bei ausreichender Stromstärke und Spannung betrieben wird, beispielsweise bei mehr als etwa ein Ampere und mehr als 50 Volt, verlischt der Lichtbogen nicht selbsttätig. Aus diesem Grund wird bei derartigen Schaltern die Löschung des Lichtbogens durch die Verwendung eines magnetischen Felds beschleunigt, das so gepolt ist, dass es eine treibende Kraft auf den Lichtbogen in Richtung einer Löschkammer ausübt. Zur Erzeugung eines starken Magnetfelds werden in der Regel Permanentmagnete verwendet. Die treibende Kraft des magnetischen Felds in Richtung der Arcs usually at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts. If the circuit is operated with sufficient current and voltage, for example, more than about one ampere and more than 50 volts, the arc does not automatically go out. For this reason, in such switches, the extinction of the arc is accelerated by the use of a magnetic field that is poled to exert a driving force on the arc toward a quenching chamber. To generate a strong magnetic field are usually permanent magnets used. The driving force of the magnetic field in the direction of
Löschkammern ist nur bei einer bestimmten Stromflussrichtung gegeben. Extinguishing chambers is given only in a certain current flow direction.
Polungsbedingte Einbaufehler von Schaltern werden durch Schalter für beide Polarity-related installation errors of switches are provided by switches for both
Stromrichtungen vermieden, die ein von der jeweiligen Polung unabhängiges Löschverhalten für Lichtbögen aufweisen. Ein solcher Schalter ist beispielsweise in der Druckschrift EP 2 061 053 A2 beschrieben. Current directions avoided, which have an independent of the respective polarity erasing behavior for arcs. Such a switch is described for example in the publication EP 2 061 053 A2.
Die Löschkammern, die zum Löschen des Lichtbogens dienen, sind dazu vorgesehen, die Zeitspanne, während der der Lichtbogen brennt, so kurz wie möglich zu halten, da der Lichtbogen eine große Wärmemenge freisetzt, die zum Abbrennen der Kontakte und/oder zur thermischen Belastung der Schaltkammer im Schalter führt und somit die Lebensdauer des Schalters verringert. Der Bauraumbedarf für Schalter mit entsprechenden Löschkammern, insbesondere für polungsunabhängige Schalter ist erheblich. Bei zwei- oder mehrpoligen Schaltern werden entsprechend höhere Wärmemengen durch Lichtbögen freigesetzt als bei einpoligen Schaltern, was wiederum größere Schaltergehäuse mit höherem Bauraumbedarf erfordert. The extinguishing chambers, which serve to extinguish the arc, are intended to keep the period during which the arc burns as short as possible, since the arc releases a large amount of heat, which is used to burn off the contacts and / or the thermal load Switching chamber leads in the switch and thus reduces the life of the switch. The space requirement for switches with corresponding extinguishing chambers, especially for non-polarity switch is significant. In two- or multi-pole switches correspondingly higher amounts of heat are released by arcs than in single-pole switches, which in turn requires larger switch housing with higher space requirements.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen Schalter mit einem schnellen und zuverlässigen Löschverhalten von entstandenen Ausschaltlichtbögen zur Verfügung zu stellen, dessen Bauraumbedarf der freigesetzten Wärmemenge angepasst ist, ohne dass hierdurch die Teilevielfalt der Schaltergehäuse erhöht wird. An object of the invention is to provide a switch with a fast and reliable erase behavior of resulting Ausschaltlichtbögen available, the space requirement of the amount of heat released is adjusted, without thereby increasing the variety of parts of the switch housing is increased.
Die Aufgabe wird durch den Schalter gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. In den The object is achieved by the switch according to claim 1. In the
Unteransprüchen sind bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und vorteilhafte Subclaims are preferred embodiments and advantageous
Weiterbildungen angegeben. Further developments specified.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schalter soll insbesondere für einen Gleichstrombetrieb geeignet sein, eine oder mehrere Schaltkammern aufweisen und vorzugsweise doppeltunterbrechend und/oder polaritätsunabhängig ausgeführt sein. Jede The switch according to the invention should in particular be suitable for a DC operation, have one or more switching chambers and preferably be designed to be double-interrupting and / or polarity-independent. each
Schaltkammer weist erfindungsgemäß zwei Schaltstücke mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich und ein mit einer Schaltbrücke bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Brückenschaltstück auf. Über das Brückenschaltstück ist eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen herstellbar, wobei ein einfachunterbrechender Schalter nur über eines der Kontaktpaare aus erstem und zweitem Kontaktbereich trennbar ist, während das andere Kontaktpaar beispielsweise über eine Litze dauerhaft verbunden bleibt. Bei einem doppeltunterbrechenden Schalter erfolgt ein Trennen beider zweiter Kontaktbereiche von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich. Zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Felds weist jede Kammer mindestens zwei Magnete, insbesondere Permanentmagnete auf. Switching chamber according to the invention comprises two contact pieces each having a first contact region and a bridge bridge movable with an electrically conductive bridge and switching piece. About the bridge contact piece is an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas produced, wherein a easy interrupting switch is separable only via one of the contact pairs of the first and second contact region, while the other contact pair remains permanently connected, for example via a strand. In the case of a double-interrupting switch, the two second contact areas are separated from the respective first contact area. To generate a magnetic field, each chamber has at least two magnets, in particular permanent magnets.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein modularer Aufbau des Schalters vorgesehen, wobei der Schalter mit nur einer Schaltkammer für einen einpoligen Betrieb vorgesehen ist und durch Hinzufügen mindestens einer zweiten Schaltkammer für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb erweiterbar ist. Dadurch lässt sich durch Hinzufügen einer Schaltkammer je Pol der Bauraumbedarf des Schalters der entstehenden Wärmemenge durch Ausschaltlichtbögen anpassen. Der modulare Aufbau erlaubt vorteilhaft, gleichförmige Schaltkammerbauteile zu verwenden, um ein- oder mehrpolige Schalter herzustellen. According to the invention a modular construction of the switch is provided, wherein the switch is provided with only one switching chamber for a single-pole operation and can be extended by adding at least one second switching chamber for a multi-pole operation. As a result, by adding a switching chamber per pole, the space requirement of the switch of the amount of heat produced can be adjusted by Ausschaltlichtbögen. The modular construction advantageously allows uniform switching chamber components to be used to produce single or multi-pole switches.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform betrifft einen zweipoligen Betrieb des Schalters, wobei zwei Schaltkammern derart miteinander verbunden sind, dass ihre jeweiligen Öff ungsseiten einander zugewandt sind. Ebenso bevorzugt sind die Schaltkammern für einen zweipoligen Betrieb durch eine Platte gegeneinander elektrisch isoliert, wobei die Platte bei einem einpoligen Betrieb als Abdeckung des einzelnen Schaltkammergehäuses dient. A preferred embodiment relates to a two-pole operation of the switch, wherein two switching chambers are connected to each other such that their respective opening sides are facing each other. Also preferably, the switching chambers for a two-pole operation by a plate against each other are electrically isolated, the plate is used in a single-pole operation as a cover of the individual switching chamber housing.
Vorzugsweise weisen die zwei Schaltkammern bei einem zweipoligen Betrieb eine gemeinsame Schaltbrücke zum Bewegen der Brückenschaltstücke auf. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass für jede Schaltkammer ein Zusatzmagnet zur Beeinflussung des magnetischen Felds an der beweglichen Schaltbrücke angeordnet ist. Ein Vorteil dieses Zusatzmagneten besteht darin, dass das magnetische Feld im Bereich der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche besonders gut beeinflussbar ist, da der Zusatzmagnet durch die Bewegung der Schaltbrücke in unmittelbare Umgebung der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche gelangt. Insbesondere wird die Feldstärke des magnetischen Felds in diesem Bereich durch den Zusatzmagnet signifikant erhöht, was ein vorteilhaft beschleunigtes Löschen von Lichtbogen erlaubt. Der Zusatzmagnet ist vorzugsweise in einer Ausnehmung in der beweglichen Schaltbrücke in Höhe der Kontaktbereiche angeordnet. In a two-pole operation, the two switching chambers preferably have a common switching bridge for moving the bridge switching pieces. According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that an additional magnet for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge for each switching chamber. An advantage of this additional magnet is that the magnetic field in the region of the first and second contact regions is particularly well influenced, since the additional magnet passes through the movement of the switching bridge in the immediate vicinity of the first and second contact areas. In particular, the field strength of the magnetic field in this area is significantly increased by the additional magnet, which advantageously accelerates quenching of Arc allowed. The additional magnet is preferably arranged in a recess in the movable switching bridge in height of the contact areas.
Das magnetische Feld dient zur Ausübung einer magnetischen Kraft auf den oder die Lichtbögen, so dass mindestens einer der Lichtbögen, vorzugsweise unabhängig von der Stromrichtung im Lichtbogen, in Richtung einer der Löschvorrichtungen getrieben wird, wobei die Kontaktstücke der Schaltkammern so angeordnet sind, dass sich die zweiten Kontaktbereiche in einer Linie im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Lichtbögen befinden. The magnetic field is used to exert a magnetic force on the arc or arcs, so that at least one of the arcs, preferably independently of the current direction in the arc, is driven in the direction of one of the extinguishing devices, wherein the contact pieces of the switching chambers are arranged so that the second contact areas are located in a line substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the arcs.
Der Zusatzmagnet ist zur Verstärkung der magnetischen Feldstärke mit der Schaltbrücke in einen Bereich der trennbaren ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche bewegbar. Darunter ist zu verstehen, dass der Zusatzmagnet in unmittelbare Nähe zu dem Bereich der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche bewegbar ist, nicht etwa zwischen die ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche. Die mindestens zwei Magnete sind dabei beispielsweise mindestens doppelt so weit von den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen entfernt, wie der Zusatzmagnet. Die mindestens zwei Magnete können insbesondere außerhalb der Schaltkammer bzw. im Bereich der Schaltkammerwand angeordnet sein, auch an der Innenseite der Schaltkammerwand, vorzugsweise in einer isolierenden Tasche. Die Magnete sind bevorzugt als mindestens zwei plattenförmige Magnete ausgeführt, deren Flächen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. The additional magnet is movable to amplify the magnetic field strength with the switching bridge in a region of the separable first and second contact areas. By this is meant that the auxiliary magnet is movable in close proximity to the region of the first and second contact regions, not between the first and second contact regions. The at least two magnets are, for example, at least twice as far away from the first and second contact regions as the additional magnet. The at least two magnets can in particular be arranged outside the switching chamber or in the region of the switching chamber wall, also on the inside of the switching chamber wall, preferably in an insulating pocket. The magnets are preferably designed as at least two plate-shaped magnets whose surfaces are arranged parallel to each other.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass je Schaltkammer bzw. Kontaktpaar mindestens zwei Löschvorrichtungen zum Löschen von Lichtbögen, welche beim Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche auftreten können, vorgesehen sind. Besonders bevorzugt sind vier Löschvorrichtungen zum polaritätsunabhängigen Löschen der Lichtbögen vorgesehen. Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass ersteAccording to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that at least two extinguishing devices are provided per switching chamber or contact pair for extinguishing arcing, which can occur during separation of the first and second contact regions. Particularly preferably four erasing devices are provided for polarity-independent erasing of the arcs. According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first
Lichtbogenleiter sich von den ersten Kontaktbereichen und zweite Lichtbogenleiter sich von den zweiten Kontaktbereichen aus in Richtung zu den Löschvorrichtungen erstrecken, wobei ein Abstand der ersten Lichtbogenleiter von den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern sich in Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen besonders bevorzugt vergrößert. Weiterhin bevorzugt erstreckt sich jedes Brückenschaltstück in einer Richtung quer, insbesondere etwa rechtwinklig, zu einer Erstreckungsrichtung der Schaltstücke. Quer zu einer Richtung ist in dem Sinne als nicht parallel zu der Richtung zu verstehen. Arc conductors extend from the first contact regions and second arc conductors extend from the second contact regions toward the extinguishing devices, wherein a distance of the first arc conductor from the second Arc conductors are particularly preferably increased in the direction of the extinguishing devices. Further preferably, each bridge switching piece extends in a direction transversely, in particular approximately at right angles, to an extension direction of the switching pieces. Transverse to a direction is to be understood in the sense not parallel to the direction.
Weiterhin bevorzugt sind die Schaltstücke für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb derart ausgeführt, dass die Anschlüsse des Schalters hinsichtlich ihrer Position und/oder Einbaulage einem mehrpoligen AC-Schalter entsprechen. Eine fehlerhafte Beschallung auf Grund einer ungewohnten Position der Anschlüsse bei Gleichstromschaltern gegenüber den über lange Zeit wesentlich häufiger eingesetzten Wechselstromschaltern wird dadurch vorteilhaft vermieden. Further preferably, the switching pieces are designed for multi-pole operation such that the terminals of the switch with respect to their position and / or installation position correspond to a multi-pole AC switch. A faulty sound due to an unfamiliar position of the connections in DC switches over the AC switches used much more often over a long time is thereby advantageously avoided.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Ausführungen sind lediglich beispielhaft und schränken den allgemeinen Erfindungsgedanken nicht ein. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment with reference to the drawings. The embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the general inventive concept.
Es zeigen Show it
Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schalters; Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a switch according to the invention;
Figur 2 eine Explosionsdarstellung des Schalters gemäß Figur 1; und Figure 2 is an exploded view of the switch of Figure 1; and
Figuren 3a und 3b zwei perspektivische Ansichten eines Details des Schalters gemäß Figur 1. FIGS. 3a and 3b show two perspective views of a detail of the switch according to FIG. 1.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Schalter, hier insbesondere einen mehrpoligen, von der Stromrichtung unabhängigen Kompaktschalter, der erfindungsgemäß bei einem Schaltvorgang ein effizientes Löschverhalten durch eine möglichst kurze Lichtbogenzeit zeigen soll. Die Anschlüsse der Hauptstrombahnen oder Schaltstücke 10a, 20a sind wie bei einem marktüblichen AC-Schütz jeweils gegenüberliegend auf gleichem Niveau, bezogen auf die Einbautiefe des Schalters, angeordnet. Die gegenüberliegenden Schaltstücke 10b, 20b sind in der Figur 1 hinter dem Schalter angeordnet und daher nur in den übrigen Figuren 2 und 3 a bzw. 3b erkennbar. The embodiment according to Figure 1 shows a switch according to the invention, in particular a multi-pole, independent of the current direction compact switch according to the invention in a switching operation to show an efficient quenching behavior by the shortest possible arc time. The Connections of the main current paths or contact pieces 10a, 20a are arranged opposite to each other at the same level, relative to the installation depth of the switch, as in the case of a commercially available AC contactor. The opposing contact pieces 10b, 20b are arranged in the figure 1 behind the switch and therefore only in the other figures 2 and 3 a and 3b recognizable.
Zur Realisierung einer kompakten Schaltanordnung, die beim Einbau in einen Schaltschrank eine ähnlich geringe Einbaulänge und -breite hat wie ein reiner AC-Schalter für vergleichbare Stromstärken, ist der Schalter in Form zweier übereinanderliegender Schaltkammern 41a, 41b von vorzugsweise identischem Aufbau ausgeführt, was insbesondere ermöglicht einen einpoligen Schalter mit nur einer Schaltkammer 41b zu realisieren oder diesen modular, durch Hinzufügen einer weiteren Schaltkammer 41a , zu einem zweipoligen Schalter auszubauen. Die Schaltanordnungen für jeden Pol sind in zwei separaten, identischen Schaltkammern 41a, 41b untergebracht, die übereinander angeordnet sind. Hierbei sind die Schaltkammern 41a, 41b mit ihren Öffnungsseiten zueinander gewandt montiert. Zur Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden elektrischen Isolation sind die beiden Schaltkammern 41a, 41b gegeneinander durch eine Trennwand 43 aus Isolierstoff abgeschottet. Auf diese Weise wird eine kostengünstige Lösung mit kompakten Einbauverhältnissen realisiert. Wenn die Trennwand 43 als Deckel ausgeführt wird, so kann der erfindungsgemäße Schalter auch modular aufgebaut werden, wahlweise einpolig mit nur einer Schaltkammer 41b oder zweipolig mit beiden Schaltkammern 41a, 41b. In order to realize a compact circuit arrangement which, when installed in a switchgear cabinet, has a similar installation length and width as a pure AC switch for comparable current intensities, the switch is designed in the form of two overlapping switch chambers 41a, 41b of preferably identical construction, which makes it possible in particular to realize a single-pole switch with only one switching chamber 41b or expand this modular, by adding a further switching chamber 41a, to a two-pole switch. The switching arrangements for each pole are accommodated in two separate, identical switching chambers 41a, 41b, which are arranged one above the other. Here, the switching chambers 41a, 41b are mounted with their opening sides facing each other. To ensure sufficient electrical insulation, the two switching chambers 41a, 41b are sealed off from each other by a partition 43 made of insulating material. In this way, a cost-effective solution is realized with compact installation conditions. If the partition wall 43 is designed as a cover, the switch according to the invention can also be of modular construction, optionally with only one switching chamber 41b or two-pole with both switching chambers 41a, 41b.
Mit Bezug auf die Explosionsdarstellung in Figur 2 wird der erfindungsgemäße Schalter weiter beschrieben. Der erste Pol bzw. die erste Schaltkammer 41a weist zwei Schaltstücke 10a, 10b mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich 11 und ein mit einer Schaltbrücke 35 bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Brückenschaltstück 30 mit zwei zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 zur Herstellung einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen 11, 31 und zum Trennen der zweiten Kontaktbereiche 31 von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich 11 auf. Die zweite Schaltkammer 41b weist zwei Schaltstücke 20a, 20b mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich 21 auf. Das Brückenschaltstück 30 mit zweiten With reference to the exploded view in Figure 2, the switch according to the invention will be further described. The first pole or the first switching chamber 41a has two contact pieces 10a, 10b, each having a first contact region 11 and a bridge bridge 30 movable and electrically conductive Brückenschaltstück 30 with two second contact areas 31 for producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas 11, 31 and for separating the second contact areas 31 from the respective first contact area 11. The second switching chamber 41b has two switching pieces 20a, 20b, respectively a first contact area 21. The bridge switching piece 30 with second
Kontaktbereichen 31 ist identisch zu der ersten Schaltkammer 41a und daher ebenso bezeichnet. Die beweglichen Brückenschaltstücke 30 beider Pole befinden sich hierbei übereinander angeordnet an der gemeinsamen Schaltbrücke 35, wodurch für beide Pole ein synchronisierter Schaltvorgang realisiert ist. Contact areas 31 is identical to the first switching chamber 41a and therefore also designated. The movable bridge switching pieces 30 of both poles are in this case arranged one above the other at the common switching bridge 35, whereby a synchronized switching process is realized for both poles.
Die ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche 11, 31 und 21, 31 werden nachfolgend auch als feststehende Kontaktbereiche 11, 21 und bewegliche Kontaktbereiche 31 bezeichnet, die Kontaktpaare bilden. Die Kontaktpaare weisen jeweils zwei gegenüberliegende, vorzugsweise identischen Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 auf. Die Löschvorrichtungen sind vorzugsweise als sogenannte Deion-kammern ausgeführt, die aus einer Stapelanordnung von gegeneinander elektrisch isolierten Blechen 66 mit jeweils einem Luftspalt zwischen zwei benachbarten Blechen bestehen. Alternativ dazu können die Löschvorrichtungen auch aus einer einfachen Nischenanordnung ohne Löschblechpakete, mit Wänden aus Isolierstoff, vorzugsweise aus duroplastischem Kunststoff oder Keramik, bestehen, wobei die einzelnen Nischen räumlich gegeneinander hinreichend abgeschottet sind und jeweils eine Außenwand mit geeignet dimensionierten Ausblasöffnungen durchbrochen ist, welche zur Druckentlastung gegen die beim Schaltvorgang durch die von den Schaltlichtbögen bewirkte Druckerhöhung dient. The first and second contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 are also referred to below as fixed contact areas 11, 21 and movable contact areas 31, which form contact pairs. The pairs of contacts each have two opposite, preferably identical extinguishing devices 61, 62. The extinguishing devices are preferably designed as so-called Deion chambers, which consist of a stack arrangement of mutually electrically insulated sheets 66 each having an air gap between two adjacent sheets. Alternatively, the extinguishing devices from a simple niche arrangement without splitter stacks, with walls of insulating material, preferably made of thermosetting plastic or ceramic, exist, the individual niches are spatially sufficiently sealed against each other and each an outer wall with suitably dimensioned exhaust openings is broken, which for pressure relief against the switching operation caused by the switching arcs caused by the pressure increase.
Die Brückenschaltstücke 30 mit den beweglichen, zweiten Kontaktbereichen 31 befinden sich im eingeschalteten Zustand in Höhe der Mitte der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62. In Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 sind sie jeweils zu kufenförmig abgewinkelten zweiten Lichtbogenleitern oder auch Lichtbogenlaufblechen 32 verlängert, wobei die auslaufenden Enden im ausgeschalteten Fall ungefähr in Richtung des äußeren Kanten 65 der Löschvorrichtungen weisen. Die beweglichen Kontaktbereiche 31 befinden sich jeweils am Schnittpunkt zwischen den Brückenschaltstück 30, welche um etwa 90 Grad gegen die Verbindungsachse zweier gegenüberliegender Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 gedreht sind, und den von dort rechtwinklig abgehenden Lichtbogenlaufblechen 32. In the direction of the extinguishing devices 61, 62, they are each extended to runner-shaped angled second arc conductors or arc runners 32, wherein the outgoing ends of the bridge in the off case, point approximately in the direction of the outer edges 65 of the extinguishing devices. The movable contact areas 31 are located in each case at the intersection between the bridge switching piece 30, which are rotated by approximately 90 degrees against the connecting axis of two opposing extinguishing devices 61, 62, and from there perpendicularly outgoing arc running plates 32nd
In den Figuren 3a und 3b sind zwei perspektivische Ansichten des Schalters gemäß Figur 1, jedoch ohne Kammerwände der Schaltkammern 41a, 41b, dargestellt. Die Perspektive in Figur 3 a entspricht der der Figur 1 , während die Figur 3b eine um 90 Grad gedrehte Perspektive zeigt. Im Gegensatz zu den beweglichen Brückenschaltstücken 30 sind die Schaltstücke 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b mit den feststehenden Kontaktbereichen 11, 21 für die beiden Pole des Schalters unterschiedlich ausgeführt, die nachfolgend zusätzlich mit Bezug auf die Figuren 3a und 3b beschrieben werden. Im Fall der oberen Schaltkammer 41a des einen Pols treten die beiden Schaltstückträger 10a, 10b jeweils gegenüberliegend parallel zur längeren Kammerwand am unteren Ende der Schaltkammer 41a in diese ein, wobei das eine Schaltstück 10a unmittelbar hinter der inneren Kammerwand um 90 Grad in eine Richtung parallel der kurzen Seite der Schaltkammer 41a abgewinkelt ist, um kurz vor Erreichen der seitlichen Kammerwand erneut um 90 Grad in einen Richtung parallel eines Kammerbodens bzw. der Trennwand 43 abgewinkelt zu werden. Auf diese Weise wird ein Parallelversatz der beiden Schaltstücke 10a, 10b erzielt, in der Weise, dass beide in parallel zu einander verlaufenden Strombahnen in Richtung der längeren Kammerseite ausgerichtet sind. Sie verlaufen dabei von der Schaltkammerwand ausgehend jeweils zunächst unterhalb der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62. Außerhalb der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 sind sie in der Weise schräg nach oben abgewinkelt, dass die beiden Festkontakte 11 in Höhe der Mitte der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 angeordnet sind. Zusammen mit den beweglichen Brückenschaltstücken 30 entsteht so im Ergebnis eine Lichtbogen-Leiteranordnung aus den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern 32 und ersten Lichtbogenleitern 12, deren Abstand sich in Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen 61 , 62 vergrößert. Entlang der Lichtbogenleiter 12, 32 wird der Lichtbogen mit Hilfe eines magnetischen Blasfelds bis zu einer Länge aufweitet, die der Höhe der kompletten Löschvorrichtung 61 bzw. 62 entspricht. FIGS. 3a and 3b show two perspective views of the switch according to FIG Figure 1, but without chamber walls of the switching chambers 41a, 41b, shown. The perspective in Figure 3a corresponds to that of Figure 1, while Figure 3b shows a rotated by 90 degrees perspective. In contrast to the movable bridge contact pieces 30, the contact pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b are designed differently with the fixed contact areas 11, 21 for the two poles of the switch, which will be described in addition with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b. In the case of the upper switching chamber 41 a of the one pole, the two contact piece carriers 10 a, 10 b respectively parallel to the longer chamber wall at the lower end of the switching chamber 41 a in this, wherein the one contact piece 10 a immediately behind the inner chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41a is angled to be bent again just before reaching the lateral chamber wall by 90 degrees in a direction parallel to a chamber bottom or the partition wall 43. In this way, a parallel offset of the two contact pieces 10a, 10b is achieved, in such a way that both are aligned in parallel to each other current paths in the direction of the longer chamber side. Outside the extinguishing devices 61, 62, they are angled obliquely upward in such a way that the two fixed contacts 11 are arranged at the level of the center of the extinguishing devices 61, 62. As a result, together with the movable bridge contact pieces 30, an arc conductor arrangement arises from the second arc conductors 32 and first arc conductors 12, whose spacing increases in the direction of the extinguishing devices 61, 62. Along the arc conductors 12, 32, the arc is expanded by means of a magnetic blow field to a length corresponding to the height of the complete extinguishing device 61 and 62, respectively.
In der unteren Schaltkammer 41b des zweiten Pols sind die Schaltstücke 20a, 20b in ähnlicher Weise ausgeführt, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass beide Schaltstücke 20a, 20b unmittelbar nach Eintritt in die Schaltkammer 41b zunächst rechtwinklig in eine Richtung parallel zu der kurzen Seite der Schaltkammer 41 b abgewinkelt sind, so dass sie in Richtung auf den Kammerboden zu verlaufen. Das eine Schaltstück 20a wird anschließend erneut um 90 Grad in Richtung parallel zu der kurzen Kammerwand abgewinkelt, um vor der Kammerwand abermals rechtwinklig in Richtung parallel des Kammerbodens abgewinkelt zu werden. Auf diese Weise wird das Schaltstück 20a analog zur Schaltkammer 41a des ersten Pols entlang des Kammerbodens parallel zur längsseitigen Kammerwand geführt. Das zweite Schaltstück 20b ist im Bereich des Kammerbodens erneut rechtwinklig in der Weise abgebogen, dass es parallelversetzt zum ersten Schaltstück entlang des Kammerbodens verläuft. Analog zur Schaltkammer 41a des ersten Pols verlaufen die beiden Schaltstücke 20a, 20b von der Schaltkammerwand ausgehend zunächst unterhalb der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62. Außerhalb derselben sind sie wieder schräg nach oben abgewinkelt, so dass die beiden feststehenden Kontaktbereiche 21 in Höhe der Mitte der Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 angeordnet sind. In the lower switching chamber 41b of the second pole, the switching pieces 20a, 20b are designed in a similar manner, but with the difference that both switching pieces 20a, 20b immediately after entry into the switching chamber 41b initially at right angles in a direction parallel to the short side of the switching chamber 41st b are angled so that they run towards the bottom of the chamber. The one switching piece 20a is then again by 90 degrees in the direction parallel to the short Angled chamber wall to be angled in front of the chamber wall again at right angles in the direction parallel to the chamber bottom. In this way, the switching piece 20a is guided parallel to the longitudinal-side chamber wall analogously to the switching chamber 41a of the first pole along the chamber bottom. The second switching piece 20b is again bent at right angles in the region of the chamber bottom in such a way that it is parallel to the first contact piece along the chamber bottom. Analogous to the switching chamber 41a of the first pole, the two switching pieces 20a, 20b extend from the switching chamber wall initially below the extinguishing devices 61, 62. Outside the same, they are angled obliquely upward again, so that the two fixed contact areas 21 at the level of the center of the extinguishing devices 61st , 62 are arranged.
Durch die beschriebene Ausführungsform wird ein Schalter mit einem optimierten Lichtbogenlaufverhalten realisiert, in der Weise, dass die entstehenden Schaltlichtbögen unter Einwirkung magnetischer Blasfelder innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeiten gezielt in Richtung einer der Löschvorrichtung 61, 62 gelenkt werden. Durch die spezielle Ausführung der Schaltstücke 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b wird weiterhin erreicht, dass die Anschlüsse der Hauptstrombahnen bezüglich Lage und Einbautiefe wie bei einem mehrpoligen AC-Schalter angeordnet sind. By the described embodiment, a switch is realized with an optimized arc running behavior, in such a way that the resulting switching arcs are directed under the action of magnetic Blasfelder within very short times targeted in the direction of one of the extinguishing device 61, 62. Due to the special design of the contact pieces 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b is further achieved that the connections of the main current paths are arranged with respect to position and depth as in a multi-pole AC switch.
Erfindungsgemäß ist bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform in jeder der beiden Schaltkammern 41a, 41b eine Anordnung von jeweils mindestens zwei Permanentmagneten 51a, 51b und einem Zusatzmagneten 51c angeordnet. Die zwei Magneten 51a, 51b können beispielsweise außerhalb der Schaltkammern 41a, 41b angeordnet sein, während der Zusatzmagnet 51c zur Beeinflussung des magnetischen Felds an der beweglichen Schaltbrücke 35 angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise jeweils in Höhe der beweglichen Kontaktbereiche 31. Zur Realisierung dieser Position sind die Brückenschaltstücke 30 beidseitig trapezförmig abgewinkelt. Im Ergebnis wird auf diese Weise eine kostengünstige Magnetanordnung mit einer vergleichsweise hohen Magnetfeldstärke im Bereich der Schaltkontakte realisiert. According to the invention, an arrangement of in each case at least two permanent magnets 51a, 51b and an additional magnet 51c is arranged in each of the two switching chambers 41a, 41b in the illustrated embodiment. The two magnets 51a, 51b can be arranged, for example, outside the switching chambers 41a, 41b, while the additional magnet 51c for influencing the magnetic field is arranged on the movable switching bridge 35, preferably in each case at the level of the movable contact regions 31. To realize this position, the bridge switching pieces 30 angled on both sides trapezoidal. As a result, a cost-effective magnet arrangement with a comparatively high magnetic field strength in the area of the switching contacts is realized in this way.
Die permanentmagnetische Anordnung bewirkt, dass die beim Öffnen der Kontakte entstehenden Teillichtbögen auf Grund der wirkenden Lorentzkraft unabhängig von der Stromrichtung stets in Richtung von zwei der insgesamt vier Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 bewegt und dort zum Erlöschen gebracht werden. Die Anordnung des Due to the effective Lorentz force, the permanent magnetic arrangement causes the partial arcs that arise when the contacts are opened to be independent of the direction of flow always in the direction of two of the four total extinguishing devices 61, 62 are moved and extinguished there. The arrangement of the
Zusatzmagneten 51 c unmittelbar im Bereich der Schaltkontakte ermöglicht die Erzeugung eines homogenes Magnetfelds von hoher Magnetfeldstärke, das auf Grund seiner Blaswirkung ein rasches Fortbewegen des Lichtbogens in Richtung der jeweiligen Löschvorrichtung 61, 62 ermöglicht und damit eine vergleichsweise kurze Verweilzeit des Lichtbogens zwischen den Kontaktbereichen 11, 31 und 21, 31 zur Folge hat, wodurch vorteilhaft der Abbrand der Kontakte vermindert und die Additional magnets 51 c directly in the region of the switching contacts allows the generation of a homogeneous magnetic field of high magnetic field strength, which allows due to its blowing effect a rapid movement of the arc in the direction of the respective extinguishing device 61, 62 and thus a comparatively short residence time of the arc between the contact areas 11, 31 and 21, 31 result, which advantageously reduces the erosion of the contacts and the
Lebensdauer des Schalters gesteigert wird. Life of the switch is increased.
Die Permanentmagnete 51a, 51b und 51c bestehen vorzugsweise aus ferritischem Material und/oder aus Material mit Anteilen seltener Erden, beispielsweise Nd-Fe-B oder Sa-Co und/oder aus Materialien, welche die Bildung kunststoffgebundener Formteile erlauben. Die Schaltkammergehäuse sind vorzugsweise aus Keramik oder Duroplast ausgeführt und in jeweils vier durch Schottwände abgetrennte Buchten unterteilt, die an einer Außenseite jeweils Ausblasöffnungen tragen. The permanent magnets 51a, 51b and 51c are preferably made of ferritic material and / or of rare earth materials such as Nd-Fe-B or Sa-Co and / or of materials which allow the formation of plastic-bonded moldings. The switching chamber housing are preferably made of ceramic or thermosetting plastic and divided into four bays separated by bulkheads, each carrying on one outer exhaust openings.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10a, 10b, 20a, Schaltstücke 10a, 10b, 20a, switching pieces
11, 21 Erste, feststehende Kontaktbereiche 11, 21 First, fixed contact areas
12, 22 Erste, feststehende Lichtbogenleiter12, 22 First, fixed arc conductor
30 Brückenschaltstück 30 bridge contact piece
31 Zweiter, bewegbarer Kontaktbereich 31 Second, movable contact area
32 Zweite, bewegbare Lichtbogenleiter32 Second, movable arc conductors
35 Bewegliche Schaltbrücke 35 Movable switching bridge
41a, 41b Schaltkammern  41a, 41b switching chambers
43 Trennwand 43 Partition wall
51a, 51b Magnete  51a, 51b magnets
51c Zusatzmagnet 51c additional magnet
61, 62 Löschvorrichtungen 61, 62 extinguishing devices
65 Außenkante der Löschvorrichtung 66 Blech 65 outer edge of the erasing device 66 sheet metal

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Schalter mit mindestens einer Schaltkammer (41b), wobei jede Schaltkammer zwei Schaltstücke (20a, 20b) mit jeweils einem ersten Kontaktbereich (21), ein mit einer Schaltbrücke (35) bewegbares und elektrisch leitfähiges Switch having at least one switching chamber (41b), wherein each switching chamber, two switching pieces (20a, 20b) each having a first contact region (21), one with a switching bridge (35) movable and electrically conductive
Brückenschaltstück (30) mit zwei zweiten Kontaktbereichen (31) zur  Bridge contact piece (30) with two second contact areas (31) for
Herstellung einer elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereichen (21, 31) und zum Trennen mindestens eines der zweiten Kontaktbereiche (31) von dem jeweiligen ersten Kontaktbereich (21), sowie  Producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact regions (21, 31) and for separating at least one of the second contact regions (31) from the respective first contact region (21), and
mindestens zwei Magnete (51a, 51b) zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen Felds aufweist, gekennzeichnet durch einen modularen Aufbau, wobei der Schalter mit nur einer Schaltkammer (41b) für einen einpoligen Betrieb vorgesehen ist und durch Hinzufügen mindestens einer zweiten Schaltkammer (41a) für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb erweiterbar ist.  at least two magnets (51a, 51b) for generating a magnetic field, characterized by a modular construction, wherein the switch is provided with only one switching chamber (41b) for a single-pole operation and by adding at least one second switching chamber (41a) for a multi-pole Operation is expandable.
Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für einen Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that for a
zweipoligen Betrieb zwei Schaltkammern (41a, 41b) derart miteinander verbunden sind, dass ihre jeweiligen Öff ungsseiten einander zugewandt sind.  two-pole operation, two switching chambers (41 a, 41 b) are connected to each other such that their respective opening sides are facing each other.
Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für einen zweipoligen Betrieb die Schaltkammern (41a, 41b) durch eine Platte (43) gegeneinander elektrisch isoliert sind, wobei die Platte (43) bei einem einpoligen Betrieb als Abdeckung des einzelnen Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for a two-pole operation, the switching chambers (41a, 41b) are electrically insulated from each other by a plate (43), wherein the plate (43) in a single-pole operation as a cover of the individual
Schaltkammergehäuses (41a) dient.  Switching chamber housing (41a) is used.
Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei Schaltkammern (41a, 41b) bei einem zweipoligen Betrieb eine gemeinsame Schaltbrücke (35) zum Bewegen der Brückenschaltstücke (30) aufweisen. Schalter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jede Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two switching chambers (41a, 41b) in a two-pole operation, a common switching bridge (35) for moving the bridge switching pieces (30). Switch according to claim 4, characterized in that for each
Schaltkammer (41a, 41b) ein Zusatzmagnet (51c) zur Beeinflussung des magnetischen Felds an der beweglichen Schaltbrücke (35) angeordnet ist. Switching chamber (41a, 41b) an additional magnet (51c) for influencing the magnetic field on the movable switching bridge (35) is arranged.
Schalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zusatzmagnet (51c) zur Verstärkung der magnetischen Feldstärke mit der Schaltbrücke (35) in einen Bereich der trennbaren ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche (11, 21, 31) bewegbar ist. Switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional magnet (51c) for amplifying the magnetic field strength with the switching bridge (35) in a region of the separable first and second contact regions (11, 21, 31) is movable.
Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zusatzmagnet (51c) in einer Ausnehmung in der beweglichen Switch according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the additional magnet (51c) in a recess in the movable
Schaltbrücke (35) in Höhe der Kontaktbereiche (31) angeordnet ist. Switching bridge (35) in height of the contact areas (31) is arranged.
Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Magnete (51a, 51b) als mindestens zwei plattenförmige Magnete ausgeführt sind, deren Flächen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnets (51a, 51b) are designed as at least two plate-shaped magnets whose surfaces are arranged parallel to each other.
Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für eine Schaltkammer mindestens zwei Löschvorrichtungen (61) zum Löschen von Lichtbögen, welche beim Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche (11, 21, 31) auftreten können, vorgesehen sind. Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two extinguishing devices (61) are provided for a switching chamber for extinguishing arcing, which can occur during separation of the first and second contact regions (11, 21, 31).
Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für eine Schaltkammer vier Löschvorrichtungen (61, 62) zum Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for a switching chamber four extinguishing devices (61, 62) for
polaritätsunabhängigen Löschen von Lichtbögen, welche beim Trennen der ersten und zweiten Kontaktbereiche (11, 21, 31) auftreten können, vorgesehen sind. polarity-independent deletion of arcs, which can occur when separating the first and second contact regions (11, 21, 31) are provided.
Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass erste Lichtbogenleiter (12) sich von den ersten Kontaktbereichen (11, 21) und zweite Lichtbogenleiter (32) sich von den zweiten Kontaktbereichen (31) aus in Richtung zu den Löschvorrichtungen (61, 62) erstrecken. Switch according to one of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that first arc conductors (12) extend from the first contact regions (11, 21) and second arc conductors (32) extend from the second contact regions (31) towards the extinguishing devices (61 , 62).
12. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abstand der ersten Lichtbogenleiter (12) von den zweiten Lichtbogenleitern (32) sich in Richtung der Löschvorrichtungen (61, 62) vergrößert. 13. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Brückenschaltstück (30) sich in einer Richtung quer zu einer Erstreckungsrichtung der Schaltstücke (10a, 10b, 20a, 20b) erstreckt. 12. A switch according to claim 7, characterized in that a distance of the first arc conductor (12) from the second arc conductors (32) in the direction of the extinguishing devices (61, 62) increases. 13. Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each bridge switching piece (30) extends in a direction transverse to an extension direction of the switching pieces (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b).
14. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch Schaltstücke (10a, 10b, 20a, 20b) für einen mehrpoligen Betrieb, wobei die14. Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by contact pieces (10 a, 10 b, 20 a, 20 b) for a multi-pole operation, wherein the
Schaltstücke derart ausgeführt sind, dass die Anschlüsse des Schalters hinsichtlich ihrer Position und/oder Einbaulage einem mehrpoligen AC- Schalter entsprechen. Switching pieces are designed such that the terminals of the switch with respect to their position and / or installation position correspond to a multi-pole AC switch.
EP12790577.6A 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber Active EP2783378B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12790577.6A EP2783378B1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11190517.0A EP2597665A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2011-11-24 Switch for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber
PCT/EP2012/073646 WO2013076310A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch for direct current operation having at least one circuit breaker chamber
EP12790577.6A EP2783378B1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2783378A1 true EP2783378A1 (en) 2014-10-01
EP2783378B1 EP2783378B1 (en) 2017-05-31

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EP11190517.0A Withdrawn EP2597665A1 (en) 2011-11-24 2011-11-24 Switch for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber
EP12790577.6A Active EP2783378B1 (en) 2011-11-24 2012-11-26 Switch arrangement for direct current operation with at least one switching chamber

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US (1) US20140284310A1 (en)
EP (2) EP2597665A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013076310A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2597665A1 (en) 2013-05-29
WO2013076310A1 (en) 2013-05-30
US20140284310A1 (en) 2014-09-25
EP2783378B1 (en) 2017-05-31

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