EP2775200B1 - Oven with a combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber - Google Patents

Oven with a combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2775200B1
EP2775200B1 EP14155596.1A EP14155596A EP2775200B1 EP 2775200 B1 EP2775200 B1 EP 2775200B1 EP 14155596 A EP14155596 A EP 14155596A EP 2775200 B1 EP2775200 B1 EP 2775200B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
fuel gas
fuel
deflection
stove according
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EP14155596.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2775200A1 (en
Inventor
Frank Reindl
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Ulrich Brunner GmbH
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Ulrich Brunner GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/285—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with the fire tubes arranged alongside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace or a fireplace for burning fuel from renewable raw materials, such as wood, with a combustion chamber for gasifying the fuel to fuel gas, a combustion chamber for afterburning the fuel gases to fuel gas and a combustion nozzle for passing the fuel gas from the combustion chamber in the combustion chamber.
  • renewable raw materials such as wood
  • Furnaces for fuel from renewable raw materials are known as so-called log boiler for a long time.
  • Such "wood stoves” are capable of burning other solid fuels, such as coal.
  • the furnaces have a combustion chamber into which the fuel is filled and then ignited.
  • the combustion chamber is therefore often part of a filling space in which the combustion chamber or a combustion zone is located.
  • the fuel gasifies in the combustion chamber, resulting in fuel gases that are burned in a combustion chamber.
  • a solid fuel firing device having a bottom burn-down gasification chamber is known.
  • the fuel gas is discharged under the solid fuels and supplied by a tapering in the flow direction of the fuel gas mixing chamber of a Ausbrennhunt.
  • fly ash can remain in the combustion chamber. This fly ash can melt at high temperatures and cause chemical damage to the combustion chamber. The fly ash can also enforce joints in the wall of the combustion chamber, so that lost in this room for thermal expansion.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a furnace of the type mentioned, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome and at the same time has a compact, inexpensive to produce design.
  • an oven for burning fuel from renewable raw materials, such as wood with a combustion chamber for burning the fuel or for degassing the volatiles therefrom to fuel gas, a combustion chamber for afterburning or further splitting and converting the CO compound of the fuel gases to fuel gas and a fuel nozzle for passing the fuel gas from the combustion chamber dissolved in the combustion chamber, wherein the fuel gas passed through the combustion nozzle in a nozzle direction and subsequently deflected spirally through the combustion chamber in a plane transverse to the nozzle direction is.
  • renewable raw materials such as wood
  • the fuel gas is preferably directed by the inventive combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a first deflection initially upwards. Subsequently, the fuel gas is preferably directed by the combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a second deflection subsequently to the side. Thereafter, preferably, a deflection of the fuel gas through the combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a third deflection down. Finally, the fuel gas is then preferably later in the combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a fourth deflection directed back to the side.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably designed to be open in a region following the fourth deflection.
  • the deflections are preferably designed with a combustion chamber channel, which leads or conducts the fuel gas through the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber of the furnace according to the invention is further preferably formed or manufactured with two combustion chamber shells, which are preferably placed against each other or against each other and enclose the combustion chamber channel between them as a cavity.
  • a first train of a heat exchanger is led upwards.
  • a second pull of a heat exchanger is preferably guided downwards over the combustion chamber.
  • the design of such a heat exchanger on an inventive Combustion chamber leads to a particularly compact, space-saving construction of the furnace.
  • an afterburning of the fuel gases takes place from the combustion chamber, with this further combustion of the fuel gas in particular carbon monoxide contained therein is converted into carbon dioxide.
  • such combustion takes place in a spiral-shaped channel which extends in a plane which is oriented transversely to the inflow direction or nozzle direction out of the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber.
  • the spiral shape of this type provides a compact design which, in particular in combination with a matched heat exchanger, enables a particularly compact construction of a log wood boiler for firewood.
  • the combustion chamber according to the invention can be designed particularly advantageous as an externally insulated mass body, which can be composed of several components, in particular of two halves. Such uniform combustion also brings a significant reduction of particulate matter in the fuel gas with it.
  • ashes which is entrained as fly ash from the fuel gas flow.
  • this fly ash is entrained with the fuel gas through the combustion chamber and deposited at the end of the combustion chamber at your specially provided for this purpose open area of the wall of the combustion chamber downwards.
  • the fly ash therefore does not remain in the combustion chamber according to the invention.
  • the combustion chamber according to the invention is therefore preferably open at the bottom, as a result of which the fly ash can settle downwards.
  • the fly ash is thus not taken into subsequent heat exchanger trains.
  • the pollution of the associated heat exchanger surfaces can be minimized. This has a positive effect on the heating gas temperature and the efficiency of the furnace according to the invention.
  • a deashing for the settled fly ash is easy to implement under the combustion chamber according to the invention.
  • the invention is also directed to a method of burning fuel from renewable resources, such as wood, in which the fuel is burned in a combustion chamber to fuel gas, then the fuel gas is passed through a combustion nozzle in a combustion chamber and then in the combustion chamber, the fuel gas is burned to fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas is passed through the combustion nozzle in a nozzle direction and subsequently deflected spirally through the combustion chamber in a plane transverse to the nozzle direction.
  • a furnace 10 is shown in the form of a piece wood boiler for firewood, which in a cubic housing 12 also has a substantially cubic combustion chamber 14.
  • the combustion chamber 14 is bounded on its underside with a grate 16, on which the firewood to be burned is cut up.
  • the combustion grate 16 is associated with an air supply 18, can be introduced by the combustion air into the combustion chamber 14 so that the logs gassed there to fuel gas. Fuels can be removed through the grate 16 in an ash pan 20 downwards.
  • the combustion gas passes through a downwardly laterally on the combustion chamber 14 located, substantially rectangular in cross-section combustion nozzle 22 into a combustion chamber 24.
  • the combustion chamber 24 is laterally arranged below the combustion chamber 14 and extends substantially transverse to the flow direction or nozzle direction of Brenndüse 22 in the form of a spiral-shaped combustion chamber 26.
  • the spiral of this combustion chamber 26 thus lies in a plane which extends transversely to the nozzle direction of the combustion nozzle 22.
  • the combustion chamber channel 26 is delimited by a combustion chamber wall 28, which is formed from a high-temperature-resistant material, in the present silicon ceramic, and a first deflection 30, a second deflection 32, a third deflection 34 and a fourth deflection 36 for the guided through the combustion chamber channel 26
  • Fuel gas creates.
  • the first deflection 30 the fuel gas is first deflected from the nozzle direction upwards at an angle of 90 °. Subsequently, the fuel gas with the second deflector 34 to the side in an angle of also 90 ° deflected to be subsequently deflected with the third deflection 34 at an angle of turn 90 ° downwards.
  • the combustion chamber wall 28 is formed with a first combustion chamber shell 42 and a second combustion chamber shell 44, in each of which one half of the spiral-shaped combustion chamber channel 26 is formed.
  • the two combustion chamber shells 42 and 44 are sealingly joined together at their open end faces on a sealing groove 46.
  • In the second combustion chamber shell 44 is also a viewable from the outside viewing opening 48th
  • the fuel gas passes as burned out heating gas in a heat exchanger 50, which is located laterally next to and above the combustion chamber 24 and at the same time behind the combustion chamber 14.
  • the heat exchanger 50 is configured with a plurality of long, upwardly leading, first trains 52 and a plurality of short, subsequently leading down again, second trains 54.
  • On and in the trains 52 and 54 is a mechanical cleaning device 56.
  • the heating gas is fed to a blower 58, by means of which it is sucked into a fireplace, not shown.
  • the fan 58 is also located above the combustion chamber 24. Above the fan 58 and adjacent to the second traction 54 is a space 60 for control, while the remaining space around the combustion chamber 14 and the trains 52 and 54 are filled by a water jacket 62 is.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Description

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ofen bzw. eine Feuerstätte zur Verbrennung von Brennmaterial aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, wie Holz, mit einem Brennraum zum Vergasen des Brennmaterials zu Brenngas, einer Brennkammer zum Nachverbrennen der Brenngase zu Heizgas und einer Brenndüse zum Überleiten des Brenngases aus dem Brennraum in die Brennkammer.The invention relates to a furnace or a fireplace for burning fuel from renewable raw materials, such as wood, with a combustion chamber for gasifying the fuel to fuel gas, a combustion chamber for afterburning the fuel gases to fuel gas and a combustion nozzle for passing the fuel gas from the combustion chamber in the combustion chamber.

Öfen für Brennmaterial aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen sind als so genannte Scheitholzkessel seit langem allgemein bekannt. Derartige "Holzöfen" sind in der Lage auch andere feste Brennstoffe, wie beispielsweise Kohle, zu verbrennen. Die Brennöfen weisen einen Brennraum auf, in den das Brennmaterial eingefüllt und dann angezündet wird. Der Brennraum ist daher oft Teil eines Füllraums, in dem sich entsprechend der Brennraum bzw. eine Brennzone befindet. Das Brennmaterial vergast in dem Brennraum, wodurch Brenngase entstehen, die in einer Brennkammer nachverbrannt werden.Furnaces for fuel from renewable raw materials are known as so-called log boiler for a long time. Such "wood stoves" are capable of burning other solid fuels, such as coal. The furnaces have a combustion chamber into which the fuel is filled and then ignited. The combustion chamber is therefore often part of a filling space in which the combustion chamber or a combustion zone is located. The fuel gasifies in the combustion chamber, resulting in fuel gases that are burned in a combustion chamber.

Für das derartige Vergasen in einem Brennraum und einer nachfolgenden Brennkammer sind zwei wesentliche Konzepte bekannt, das Konzept des Sturzbrands und das Konzept des seitlichen Abbrands. Beim Konzept des Sturzbrands wird das Brenngas nach unten durch einen Rost aus dem Brennraum in die Brennkammer geführt. Die Brennkammer befindet sich also unter dem Brennraum. Beim Konzept des seitlichen Abbrands wird das Brenngas durch eine Brenndüse seitlich aus dem Brennraum in die Brennkammer geführt. Die Brennkammer befindet sich also neben dem Brennraum.For such gasification in a combustion chamber and a subsequent combustion chamber, two main concepts are known, the concept of falling fire and the concept of lateral burning. In the concept of falling fire, the fuel gas is passed down through a grate from the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is thus under the combustion chamber. At the Concept of lateral burnup, the fuel gas is passed through a fuel nozzle laterally from the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is thus located next to the combustion chamber.

Aus CH 687 346 A5 ist eine Feuerungsvorrichtung für feste Brennstoffe mit einer Vergasungskammer mit unterem Abbrand bekannt. Dabei ist das Brenngas unter den festen Brennstoffen abzuführen und durch eine sich in Strömungsrichtung des Brenngases verjüngende Mischkammer einer Ausbrennkammer zuzuführen.Out CH 687 346 A5 For example, a solid fuel firing device having a bottom burn-down gasification chamber is known. In this case, the fuel gas is discharged under the solid fuels and supplied by a tapering in the flow direction of the fuel gas mixing chamber of a Ausbrennkammer.

Aus GB 2 215 035 A ist ein Ofen bekannt, bei dem das Brenngas aus einem Feuerungsraum von den festen Brennstoffen seitlich durch eine Drosselblende abzuführen und einer Nachbrennkammer zuzuführen ist.Out GB 2 215 035 A an oven is known in which the fuel gas from a firing space of the solid fuels laterally dissipate through an orifice and a Nachbrennkammer is to be supplied.

Beide Konzepte haben grundsätzlich den Nachteil, dass Flugasche in der Brennkammer liegen bleiben kann. Diese Flugasche kann bei hohen Temperaturen schmelzen und chemisch bedingte Beschädigungen der Brennkammer verursachen. Die Flugasche kann auch Fugen in der Wandung der Brennkammer zusetzen, so dass an dieser Raum für thermische Dehnungen verloren geht.Both concepts basically have the disadvantage that fly ash can remain in the combustion chamber. This fly ash can melt at high temperatures and cause chemical damage to the combustion chamber. The fly ash can also enforce joints in the wall of the combustion chamber, so that lost in this room for thermal expansion.

Zugrundeliegende AufgabeUnderlying task

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ofen der genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem die oben genannten Nachteile überwunden sind und der zugleich eine kompakte, kostengünstig herstellbare Bauform aufweist.The invention has for its object to provide a furnace of the type mentioned, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome and at the same time has a compact, inexpensive to produce design.

Erfindungsgemäße LösungInventive solution

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß mit einem Ofen zur Verbrennung von Brennmaterial aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, wie Holz, mit einem Brennraum zum Verbrennen des Brennmaterials bzw. zum Entgasen der flüchtigen Stoffe daraus zu Brenngas, einer Brennkammer zum Nachverbrennen bzw. weiteren Aufspalten und Wandeln der CO-Verbindung der Brenngase zu Heizgas und einer Brenndüse zum Überleiten des Brenngases aus dem Brennraum in die Brennkammer gelöst, bei dem das Brenngas durch die Brenndüse in einer Düsenrichtung geführt und nachfolgend durch die Brennkammer in einer Ebene quer zu der Düsenrichtung spiralförmig umgelenkt ist.This object is achieved according to the invention with an oven for burning fuel from renewable raw materials, such as wood, with a combustion chamber for burning the fuel or for degassing the volatiles therefrom to fuel gas, a combustion chamber for afterburning or further splitting and converting the CO compound of the fuel gases to fuel gas and a fuel nozzle for passing the fuel gas from the combustion chamber dissolved in the combustion chamber, wherein the fuel gas passed through the combustion nozzle in a nozzle direction and subsequently deflected spirally through the combustion chamber in a plane transverse to the nozzle direction is.

Das Brenngas wird vorzugsweise durch die erfindungsgemäße Brennkammer in der Ebene quer zur Düsenrichtung mit einer ersten Umlenkung zunächst nach oben gelenkt. Nachfolgend wird das Brenngas bevorzugt durch die Brennkammer in der Ebene quer zur Düsenrichtung mit einer zweiten Umlenkung nachfolgend zur Seite gelenkt. Danach erfolgt bevorzugt ein Umlenken des Brenngases durch die Brennkammer in der Ebene quer zur Düsenrichtung mit einer dritten Umlenkung nach unten. Abschließend wird das Brenngas dann bevorzugt in der Brennkammer in der Ebene quer zur Düsenrichtung mit einer vierten Umlenkung weiter nachfolgend wieder zur Seite gelenkt.The fuel gas is preferably directed by the inventive combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a first deflection initially upwards. Subsequently, the fuel gas is preferably directed by the combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a second deflection subsequently to the side. Thereafter, preferably, a deflection of the fuel gas through the combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a third deflection down. Finally, the fuel gas is then preferably later in the combustion chamber in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction with a fourth deflection directed back to the side.

Die Brennkammer ist dabei bevorzugt in einem, der vierten Umlenkung folgenden Bereich nach unten hin offen gestaltet.The combustion chamber is preferably designed to be open in a region following the fourth deflection.

Die Umlenkungen sind vorzugsweise mit einem Brennkammerkanal gestaltet, der das Brenngas durch die Brennkammer hindurch führt bzw. leitet.The deflections are preferably designed with a combustion chamber channel, which leads or conducts the fuel gas through the combustion chamber.

Die Brennkammer des erfindungsgemäßen Ofens ist ferner vorzugsweise mit zwei Brennkammerschalen gebildet bzw. hergestellt, die dabei bevorzugt aneinander bzw. gegeneinander gesetzt sind und zwischen sich den Brennkammerkanal als Hohlraum einschließen.The combustion chamber of the furnace according to the invention is further preferably formed or manufactured with two combustion chamber shells, which are preferably placed against each other or against each other and enclose the combustion chamber channel between them as a cavity.

Neben der derartigen erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer ist dann vorteilhaft ein erster Zug eines Wärmetauschers nach oben geführt. Ferner ist bevorzugt über der Brennkammer ein zweiter Zug eines Wärmetauschers nach unten geführt. Insbesondere die derartige Bauform eines Wärmetauschers an einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer führt zu einer besonders kompakten, bauraumsparenden Konstruktion des Ofens.In addition to such a combustion chamber according to the invention then advantageously a first train of a heat exchanger is led upwards. Furthermore, a second pull of a heat exchanger is preferably guided downwards over the combustion chamber. In particular, the design of such a heat exchanger on an inventive Combustion chamber leads to a particularly compact, space-saving construction of the furnace.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer erfolgt eine Nachverbrennung der Brenngase aus dem Brennraum, wobei mit dieser weiteren Verbrennung des Brenngases insbesondere darin enthaltenes Kohlenmonoxid in Kohlendioxid gewandelt wird. Die derartige Verbrennung geschieht erfindungsgemäß in einem spiralförmigen Kanal, der sich in einer Ebene erstreckt, welche quer zur Einströmungsrichtung bzw. Düsenrichtung aus dem Brennraum in die Brennkammer hinein ausgerichtet ist. Die derartige Spiralform schafft eine kompakte Bauform, die insbesondere in Kombination mit einem angepassten Wärmetauscher eine besonders kompakte Bauweise eines Stückholzkessels für Scheitholz ermöglicht.In the combustion chamber according to the invention, an afterburning of the fuel gases takes place from the combustion chamber, with this further combustion of the fuel gas in particular carbon monoxide contained therein is converted into carbon dioxide. According to the invention, such combustion takes place in a spiral-shaped channel which extends in a plane which is oriented transversely to the inflow direction or nozzle direction out of the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber. The spiral shape of this type provides a compact design which, in particular in combination with a matched heat exchanger, enables a particularly compact construction of a log wood boiler for firewood.

Darüber hinaus wird mit der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer eine besonders vorteilhafte Durchmischung der Brenngase erreicht. Dies führt zu einer Homogenisierung und damit einer gleichmäßigen Nachverbrennung innerhalb der Brenngase. Vereinzelte Bereiche, in denen sich bestimmte CO-Verbindungen aufkonzentrieren könnten, sind dabei vermieden. Die unterschiedlichen CO-Verbindungen haben zugleich ausreichend lange Verweilzeiten in der Brennkammer, um diese sämtlich aufzuspalten und zu wandeln. Dabei herrschen in der Brennkammer, insbesondere aufgrund der zugleich besonders kompakten Bauform, hohe Temperaturen von 600° bis 800°. Dazu kann die erfindungsgemäße Brennkammer besonders vorteilhaft als ein außen isolierter Massekörper gestaltet sein, der aus mehreren Bestandteilen, insbesondere aus zwei Hälften, zusammengesetzt sein kann. Die derart gleichmäßige Verbrennung bringt auch eine deutliche Reduzierung des Feinstaubs im Heizgas mit sich.In addition, a particularly advantageous mixing of the fuel gases is achieved with the combustion chamber according to the invention. This leads to a homogenization and thus a uniform afterburning within the fuel gases. Isolated areas in which certain CO compounds could concentrate are avoided. The different CO compounds at the same time have sufficiently long residence times in the combustion chamber in order to split and convert them all. In this case, high temperatures of 600 ° to 800 ° prevail in the combustion chamber, in particular due to the at the same time particularly compact design. For this purpose, the combustion chamber according to the invention can be designed particularly advantageous as an externally insulated mass body, which can be composed of several components, in particular of two halves. Such uniform combustion also brings a significant reduction of particulate matter in the fuel gas with it.

Bei der Verbrennung entsteht, wie oben erläutert, auch Asche, die als Flugasche vom Brenngasstrom mitgerissen wird. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird diese Flugasche mit dem Brenngas durch die Brennkammer hindurch mitgerissen und lagert sich erst am Ende der Brennkammer an deinem dafür speziell vorgesehenen offenen Bereich der Wandung der Brennkammer nach unten hin ab. Die Flugasche bleibt daher nicht in der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer liegen. Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkammer ist daher bevorzugt nach unten hin offen, wodurch sich die Flugasche nach unten hin absetzen kann. Die Flugasche wird damit nicht in nachfolgende Wärmetauscherzüge mitgenommen. Somit kann die Verschmutzung der zugehörigen Wärmetauscherflächen minimiert werden. Dies wirkt sich positiv auf die Heizgastemperatur und den Wirkungsgrad des erfindungsgemäßen Ofens aus. Eine Entaschung für die abgesetzte Flugasche ist unter der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkammer einfach zu realisieren.During combustion, as explained above, ashes, which is entrained as fly ash from the fuel gas flow. With the solution according to the invention, this fly ash is entrained with the fuel gas through the combustion chamber and deposited at the end of the combustion chamber at your specially provided for this purpose open area of the wall of the combustion chamber downwards. The fly ash therefore does not remain in the combustion chamber according to the invention. The combustion chamber according to the invention is therefore preferably open at the bottom, as a result of which the fly ash can settle downwards. The fly ash is thus not taken into subsequent heat exchanger trains. Thus, the pollution of the associated heat exchanger surfaces can be minimized. This has a positive effect on the heating gas temperature and the efficiency of the furnace according to the invention. A deashing for the settled fly ash is easy to implement under the combustion chamber according to the invention.

Ferner ergibt sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen, sofortigen Umlenkung der Brenngase nach der Brenndüse in eine Spiralbewegung quer zur Einströmrichtung ein Wirbel, der eine besonders starke Durchmischung der Brenngase und damit einen nahezu perfekten Ausbrand dieser Brenngase ermöglicht.Furthermore, with the inventive, immediate deflection of the fuel gases after the fuel nozzle in a spiral movement transversely to the inflow direction, a vortex, which allows a particularly strong mixing of the fuel gases and thus a nearly perfect burnout of these fuel gases.

Die Erfindung ist auch auf ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennmaterial aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, wie Holz, gerichtet, bei dem das Brennmaterial in einem Brennraum zu Brenngas verbrannt wird, dann das Brenngas durch eine Brenndüse in eine Brennkammer geleitet wird und dann in der Brennkammer das Brenngas zu Heizgas nachverbrannt wird. Dabei wird das Brenngas durch die Brenndüse in einer Düsenrichtung geführt und nachfolgend durch die Brennkammer in einer Ebene quer zu der Düsenrichtung spiralförmig umgelenkt.The invention is also directed to a method of burning fuel from renewable resources, such as wood, in which the fuel is burned in a combustion chamber to fuel gas, then the fuel gas is passed through a combustion nozzle in a combustion chamber and then in the combustion chamber, the fuel gas is burned to fuel gas. In this case, the fuel gas is passed through the combustion nozzle in a nozzle direction and subsequently deflected spirally through the combustion chamber in a plane transverse to the nozzle direction.

Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung anhand der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine teilweise aufgebrochene, perspektivische Ansicht eines Ofens mit einem Brennraum und einer Brennkammer gemäß der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
den Schnitt II - II gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
den Schnitt III - III gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht der Brennkammer gemäß Fig. 1 und
Fig. 5
die Ansicht V gemäß Fig. 4.
An exemplary embodiment of the solution according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a partially broken, perspective view of a furnace with a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber according to the invention,
Fig. 2
Section II - II according to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
Section III - III according to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 4
a perspective view of the combustion chamber according to Fig. 1 and
Fig. 5
the view V according to Fig. 4 ,

Detaillierte Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDetailed description of the embodiment

In den Fig. ist ein Ofen 10 in Form eines Stückholzkessels für Scheitholz dargestellte, der in einem kubischen Gehäuse 12 einen ebenfalls im Wesentlichen kubischen Brennraum 14 aufweist. Der Brennraum 14 ist an seiner Unterseite mit einem Brennrost 16 begrenzt, auf dem das zu verbrennende Scheitholz aufgeschlichtet wird. Dem Brennrost 16 ist eine Luftzuführung 18 zugeordnet, durch die Brennluft in den Brennraum 14 so eingeführt werden kann, dass das Scheitholz dort zu Brenngas vergast. Brennrückstände können durch den Brennrost 16 in einen Aschekasten 20 nach unten hin abgeführt werden.In the figure, a furnace 10 is shown in the form of a piece wood boiler for firewood, which in a cubic housing 12 also has a substantially cubic combustion chamber 14. The combustion chamber 14 is bounded on its underside with a grate 16, on which the firewood to be burned is cut up. The combustion grate 16 is associated with an air supply 18, can be introduced by the combustion air into the combustion chamber 14 so that the logs gassed there to fuel gas. Fuels can be removed through the grate 16 in an ash pan 20 downwards.

Das Brenngas gelangt durch eine sich unten seitlich am Brennraum 14 befindende, im Wesentlichen im Querschnitt rechteckige Brenndüse 22 hindurch in eine Brennkammer 24. Die Brennkammer 24 ist seitlich unten neben dem Brennraum 14 angeordnet und erstreckt sich dabei im Wesentlichen quer zur Durchströmungsrichtung bzw. Düsenrichtung der Brenndüse 22 in Gestalt eines spiralförmigen Brennkammerkanals 26. Die Spirale dieses Brennkammerkanals 26 liegt damit in einer Ebene, welche sich quer zu der Düsenrichtung der Brenndüse 22 erstreckt.The combustion gas passes through a downwardly laterally on the combustion chamber 14 located, substantially rectangular in cross-section combustion nozzle 22 into a combustion chamber 24. The combustion chamber 24 is laterally arranged below the combustion chamber 14 and extends substantially transverse to the flow direction or nozzle direction of Brenndüse 22 in the form of a spiral-shaped combustion chamber 26. The spiral of this combustion chamber 26 thus lies in a plane which extends transversely to the nozzle direction of the combustion nozzle 22.

Der Brennkammerkanal 26 ist von einer Brennkammerwandung 28 begrenzt, die aus einem hochtemperaturfesten Material, vorliegend Silizium-Keramik, gebildet ist und eine erste Umlenkung 30, eine zweite Umlenkung 32, eine dritte Umlenkung 34 sowie eine vierte Umlenkung 36 für das durch den Brennkammerkanal 26 geleitete Brenngas schafft. Mit der ersten Umlenkung 30 wird das Brenngas zunächst von der Düsenrichtung nach oben hin in einem Winkel von 90° umgelenkt. Nachfolgend wird das Brenngas mit der zweiten Umlenkung 34 zur Seite hin in einem Winkel von ebenfalls 90° umgelenkt, um nachfolgend mit der dritten Umlenkung 34 in einem Winkel von wiederum 90° nach unten hin umgelenkt zu werden. Danach wird das Brenngas mit der vierten Umlenkung 36 wieder zur Seite und unter der Brenndüse 22 hinweg umgelenkt. Hinter dieser vierten Umlenkung 36 strömt das Brenngas dabei an einem offenen Bereich 38 der Brennkammer 24 vorbei. An diesem offenen Bereich 38 ist die Brennkammerwandung 28 nach unten hin offen. Damit kann an diesem offenen Bereich 38 jene Flugasche, welche sich im Brenngas befindet, in einen unter der Brennkammer 24 vorgesehenen Flugascheraum 40 gelangen.The combustion chamber channel 26 is delimited by a combustion chamber wall 28, which is formed from a high-temperature-resistant material, in the present silicon ceramic, and a first deflection 30, a second deflection 32, a third deflection 34 and a fourth deflection 36 for the guided through the combustion chamber channel 26 Fuel gas creates. With the first deflection 30, the fuel gas is first deflected from the nozzle direction upwards at an angle of 90 °. Subsequently, the fuel gas with the second deflector 34 to the side in an angle of also 90 ° deflected to be subsequently deflected with the third deflection 34 at an angle of turn 90 ° downwards. Thereafter, the fuel gas with the fourth deflection 36 again deflected to the side and below the combustion nozzle 22 away. Behind this fourth deflection 36, the fuel gas flows past an open area 38 of the combustion chamber 24. At this open area 38, the combustion chamber 28 is open at the bottom. Thus, at this open area 38, that fly ash which is located in the fuel gas can reach a fly ash chamber 40 provided below the combustion chamber 24.

Die Brennkammerwandung 28 ist mit einer ersten Brennkammerschale 42 und einer zweiten Brennkammerschale 44 gebildet, in denen jeweils eine Hälfte des spiralförmigen Brennkammerkanals 26 ausgeformt ist. Die beiden Brennkammerschalen 42 und 44 sind an ihren offenen Stirnseiten an einer Dichtungsnut 46 abdichtend aneinandergefügt. In der zweiten Brennkammerschale 44 befindet sich ferner eine von außen einsehbare Sichtöffnung 48.The combustion chamber wall 28 is formed with a first combustion chamber shell 42 and a second combustion chamber shell 44, in each of which one half of the spiral-shaped combustion chamber channel 26 is formed. The two combustion chamber shells 42 and 44 are sealingly joined together at their open end faces on a sealing groove 46. In the second combustion chamber shell 44 is also a viewable from the outside viewing opening 48th

Aus dem hinteren, nach unten hin offenen Bereich 38 der Brennkammer 24 gelangt das Brenngas als ausgebranntes Heizgas in einen Wärmetauscher 50, der sich seitlich neben und über der Brennkammer 24 und zugleich hinter dem Brennraum 14 befindet. Der Wärmetauscher 50 ist mit mehreren langen, nach oben führenden, ersten Zügen 52 und mehreren kurzen, nachfolgend wieder nach unten führenden, zweiten Zügen 54 gestaltet. An und in den Zügen 52 und 54 befindet sich eine mechanische Reinigungseinrichtung 56. Mit den zweiten Zügen 54 wird das Heizgas zu einem Gebläse 58 geführt, mittels dem es in einen nicht dargestellten Kamin abgesaugt wird. Das Gebläse 58 befindet sich ebenfalls über der Brennkammer 24. Über dem Gebläse 58 und neben den zweiten Zügen 54 befindet sich ein Raum 60 für eine Steuerung, während der restliche Platz um den Brennraum 14 und die Züge 52 sowie 54 herum von einem Wassermantel 62 ausgefüllt ist.From the rear, downwardly open region 38 of the combustion chamber 24, the fuel gas passes as burned out heating gas in a heat exchanger 50, which is located laterally next to and above the combustion chamber 24 and at the same time behind the combustion chamber 14. The heat exchanger 50 is configured with a plurality of long, upwardly leading, first trains 52 and a plurality of short, subsequently leading down again, second trains 54. On and in the trains 52 and 54 is a mechanical cleaning device 56. With the second trains 54, the heating gas is fed to a blower 58, by means of which it is sucked into a fireplace, not shown. The fan 58 is also located above the combustion chamber 24. Above the fan 58 and adjacent to the second traction 54 is a space 60 for control, while the remaining space around the combustion chamber 14 and the trains 52 and 54 are filled by a water jacket 62 is.

Abschließend sei angemerkt, dass sämtlichen Merkmalen, die in den Anmeldungsunterlagen und insbesondere in den abhängigen Ansprüchen genannt sind, trotz des vorgenommenen, formalen Rückbezugs auf einen oder mehrere bestimmte Ansprüche, auch einzeln oder in beliebiger Kombination eigenständiger Schutz zukommen soll.Finally, it should be noted that all the features that are mentioned in the application documents and in particular in the dependent claims, in spite of the formal reference to one or more specific claims, also individually or in any combination should receive independent protection.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Ofen in Form eines StückholzkesselsOven in the form of a log wood boiler
1212
Gehäusecasing
1414
Brennraumcombustion chamber
1616
Brennrostburning rust
1818
Luftzuführungair supply
2020
Aschekastenash tray
2222
Brenndüsecombustion nozzle
2424
Brennkammercombustion chamber
2626
spiralförmiger Brennkammerkanalspiral combustion chamber channel
2828
Brennkammerwandungcombustion chamber wall
3030
erste Umlenkungfirst diversion
3232
zweite Umlenkungsecond diversion
3434
dritte Umlenkungthird diversion
3636
vierte Umlenkungfourth diversion
3838
offener Bereichopen area
4040
FlugascheraumFly ash space
4242
Brennkammerschalecombustion chamber shell
4444
Brennkammerschalecombustion chamber shell
4646
Dichtungsnutseal groove
4848
Sichtöffnungview port
5050
Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
5252
erster Zugfirst move
5454
zweiter Zugsecond train
5656
Reinigungseinrichtungcleaning device
5858
Gebläsefan
6060
Raum für SteuerungRoom for control
6262
Wassermantelwater jacket

Claims (10)

  1. Stove (10) for burning fuel from renewable raw materials, such as wood, having a combustion chamber (14) for gasifying the fuel to form fuel gas, a combustion chamber (24) for afterburning the fuel gases to form heating gas and a fuel nozzle (22) for transferring the fuel gas from the combustion chamber (14) into the combustion chamber (24),
    characterised in that the fuel gas is led through the combustion nozzle (22) in a nozzle direction and subsequently spirally deflected by the combustion chamber (24) in a plane transverse to the nozzle direction.
  2. Stove according to Claim 1,
    wherein the fuel gas is firstly upwardly deflected with a first deflection (30) by the combustion chamber (24) in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction.
  3. Stove according to Claim 2,
    wherein the fuel gas is subsequently laterally deflected with a second deflection (32) by the combustion chamber (24) in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction.
  4. Stove according to Claim 3,
    wherein the fuel gas is further subsequently downwardly deflected with a third deflection (34) by the combustion chamber (24) in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction.
  5. Stove according to Claim 4,
    wherein the fuel gas is further subsequently laterally deflected with a fourth deflection (36) by the combustion chamber (24) in the plane transverse to the nozzle direction.
  6. Stove according to Claim 5,
    wherein the combustion chamber (24) is designed downwardly open in a region (38) following the fourth deflection (36).
  7. Stove according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    wherein the deflection (30, 32, 34, 36) is designed with a combustion chamber channel (26).
  8. Stove according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
    wherein the combustion chamber (24) is formed with two combustion chamber shells (42, 44).
  9. Stove according to one of Claims 1 to 8,
    wherein a first flue (52) of a heat exchanger (50) is led upwards beside the combustion chamber (24).
  10. Stove according to Claim 9,
    wherein a second flue (54) of a heat exchanger (50) is led downwards above the combustion chamber (24).
EP14155596.1A 2013-03-08 2014-02-18 Oven with a combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber Not-in-force EP2775200B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013102361.4A DE102013102361B4 (en) 2013-03-08 2013-03-08 Oven with a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2775200A1 EP2775200A1 (en) 2014-09-10
EP2775200B1 true EP2775200B1 (en) 2016-09-21

Family

ID=50151135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14155596.1A Not-in-force EP2775200B1 (en) 2013-03-08 2014-02-18 Oven with a combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2775200B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102013102361B4 (en)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB220101A (en) * 1923-06-06 1924-08-14 Sam Naylor Improvements in or relating to water heating or steam generating boilers
EP0148282A1 (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-07-17 AGRO GmbH Stahlsonderbau und Spezialverpackung Device for burning solids
GB2215035A (en) * 1988-02-04 1989-09-13 Powerwash Systems Limited Improvements relating to stoves
CH687346A5 (en) * 1991-10-04 1996-11-15 Chiquet Energietechnik Ag Solid-fuel combustion equipment
CH690791A5 (en) * 1994-03-25 2001-01-15 Tiba Ag Boilers for solid fuel materials.
US5823122A (en) * 1994-09-30 1998-10-20 Alternative Energy Development, Inc. System and process for production of fuel gas from solid biomass fuel and for combustion of such fuel gas
DE29605801U1 (en) * 1996-03-28 1996-06-27 Georg Fischer GmbH & Co, 89312 Günzburg boiler
DE102008038763B4 (en) * 2008-08-12 2011-01-20 Olsberg Hermann Everken Gmbh Solid fuel fireplace
AT509722B1 (en) * 2010-06-14 2011-11-15 Kurri Ernst Ing SOLID FUEL TANK
DE102011017475A1 (en) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2775200A1 (en) 2014-09-10
DE102013102361A1 (en) 2014-09-11
DE102013102361B4 (en) 2015-01-22

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