EP2773476A1 - Riblet foil and method for producing same - Google Patents

Riblet foil and method for producing same

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Publication number
EP2773476A1
EP2773476A1 EP12780401.1A EP12780401A EP2773476A1 EP 2773476 A1 EP2773476 A1 EP 2773476A1 EP 12780401 A EP12780401 A EP 12780401A EP 2773476 A1 EP2773476 A1 EP 2773476A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
riblet
layer portion
foil
metal powder
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12780401.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2773476B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Gammel
Oliver ROHR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
EADS Deutschland GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP2773476A1 publication Critical patent/EP2773476A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2773476B1 publication Critical patent/EP2773476B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a riblet film and a process for its preparation.
  • the riblet film is of metallic material and is built up in layers on a reference mold.
  • the riblet film has a riblet structure which reduces air resistance.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY the company 3M were glued to the outer surface of an aircraft.
  • a resistance reduction of 2% could be detected (Szodruch J., Dziomba, B., Aircraft Drag Reduction Technologies, 29th Aerospace Science Meeting, Reno, Nevada, 07-10 Jan. 1991). This resulted in a fuel saving of 1.5% (Roberts JP, Drag Reduction: An Industrial Challenge, Special Course on Skin Drag Drag Reduction, AGARD Report 786, 1992).
  • the structured plastic films used hitherto have not only a lack of mechanical resistance but also a degradation of the plastic film and the adhesive with which the plastic films adhere to the aircraft.
  • a consequence of the lack of mechanical resistance is, for example, the rounding of the tip radius of a sawtooth-shaped structuring, which can lead to a repeal of the friction-reducing effect. (Hage, W., For resistance reduction of three-dimensional riblet structures and other surfaces, thesis TU Berlin 2004).
  • the degradation can also lead to a detachment of the plastic films during operation.
  • structured metal foils for example on a structural component of an aircraft or helicopter
  • the air flow resistance can be significantly reduced.
  • the structure on the metal foil riblets which are microscopic grooves on the surface of the metal foil.
  • Such structured metal foils are referred to below as riblet foil.
  • the mechanical resistance of the riblet film is higher than with plastic films.
  • the electrical conductivity is also given at the same time to provide lightning protection.
  • DE10314373A1 a precision casting method is known, are produced with the turbine blades of titanium aluminides (TiAl) with a structured surface.
  • TiAl titanium aluminides
  • manufacturing processes are known for the production of riblet films in the required quantity and / or size, in which metal foils are structured by mechanical processing.
  • mechanical (re) molding methods such as rolling (including incremental methods such as so-called “incremental rolling”) or embossing.
  • the tools used for example rollers, must be pressed onto the metal foil with high pressure.
  • Such tools are usually formed from a solid solid body, such as steel.
  • such tools must be made of appropriate material, for example, if elevated temperatures are necessary to change the metal foil by plastic deformation so that a Ribletfolie arises.
  • High-strength materials such as beta-titanium alloys, whose strengths reach values of up to 1700 MPa, can no longer tolerate forming pressure. be plasticized so that the Riblet Quilt can not or only roughly generated on the metal foil.
  • the invention is based on the idea of specifying a simple process for the production of metallic riblet films, wherein the mechanical and functional properties of the riblet film can be adapted to the requirements of the respective application by a suitable choice of a wide variety of metals and / or alloys.
  • the riblet film is made by a layered construction on a reference form and then detached from it.
  • the reference shape has on at least one surface a structure which corresponds to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure.
  • the negative mold has microscopic depressions on the surface of the reference mold. After peeling off the reference riblets are as microscopic peaks on the riblet film formed.
  • the riblets can be formed on the entire riblet film or be present in selected subregions. Accordingly, the surface of the reference shape is structured.
  • the thickness of the Ribletfolie less than 500 ⁇ and advantageously has a thickness between 50 - 400 ⁇ , in particular at least 200 ⁇ . The thickness of the Ribletfolie ensures the lowest possible weight a simple adaptation to the particular component on which it is applied.
  • a method which serves to produce a riblet film, wherein the riblet film is built up in layers.
  • a reference shape has on at least one surface a structure which corresponds to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure. On this surface will at least one
  • Layer portion of a metal powder applied so that forms a metallic material.
  • the application of further layer portions of metal powder in a vertical or horizontal direction on the surface of the reference form can be repeated as often as desired.
  • the thus formed at least one layer portion is detached from the reference form, so that the metallic Ribletfolie is formed.
  • This has a riblet structure on at least one surface.
  • the powder of metal or metal alloy comprises at least all light metals in the main groups or subgroups of the periodic table, in particular aluminum or titanium and mixtures thereof, wherein also reinforcing particles can be mixed in the metal / alloy powder, as well as hard metals.
  • the hard metals comprise at least one reinforcing phase composite such as tungsten carbide (WC) and a matrix or binder such as cobalt, of course, the metals also include metal alloys containing at least one of said metals including copper, zinc, lithium, beryllium, scandium, vanadium or Contain yttrium and in particular also steel alloys; preferably titanium / alloys or steel alloys, in particular aluminum / alloys.
  • the reference may be formed of a variety of materials.
  • the reference shape or surface having said structure is formed of materials which have high durability and hardly wear, for example, steel X45NiCrMo4, which is known to be used for embossing and forming tools and is readily polishable.
  • the surface of the reference form comprises a structure corresponding to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure formed by a plurality of trapezoidal, semicircular, streamlined and / or sawtooth riblets, or a combination thereof.
  • the negative form of the riblets comprise a size range with a Riblet width of about 20 ⁇ to 130 ⁇ , preferably 30 ⁇ to 80 microns, especially 50 m to 60 ⁇ , especially 60 ⁇ .
  • At least one negative form of a riblet has a height that is half the distance to a riblet adjacent to it.
  • the application of a layer portion on the surface of the reference shape is carried out in layers.
  • one or more layers of the same or different metal powder can be applied.
  • the first layer section can be applied from a titanium powder (or titanium alloy) and the remaining layer sections from aluminum powder.
  • the riblet film thus formed has very durable resistant riblets and a base that is inexpensively made of aluminum.
  • aluminum can be equipped by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as anodizing, with a surface which is ideally suited for bonding.
  • the nature of the structured surface allows for easy release of the applied layer portions (s) from the reference form.
  • the application of the metal powder to the reference fitting is preferably carried out by spraying the metal powder.
  • the metal powder is applied in layers by cold gas spraying, thermokinetic spraying (eg Flamecon® from Leoni), plasma-assisted application (eg Plasmadust® from Reinhausen Plasma) or known thermal spraying methods such as flame spraying, plasma spraying or HVOF
  • thermokinetic spraying eg Flamecon® from Leoni
  • plasma-assisted application eg Plasmadust® from Reinhausen Plasma
  • known thermal spraying methods such as flame spraying, plasma spraying or HVOF
  • the riblet structures formed comprise a size range with a riblet width of about 20 pm to 130 pm, preferably 30 pm to 80 pm, in particular 50 pm to 60 pm
  • the ribbon height may be in the range of 50-100% of the riblet width
  • the ribbon height may be the same as the riblet width or may comprise a combination of one of
  • the metal powder is accelerated to the surface of the reference mold with high energy. Upon impact of the metal particles, these combine by plastic deformation or cold welding to form a metallic material.
  • a heated gas is accelerated and the metal powder is injected into the gas jet and accelerated by it.
  • plasma spraying as an example of thermal spraying, an arc is created between the cathode and the anode of the plasma torch in a normal or inert atmosphere or vacuum.
  • the gas flowing through the plasma torch is passed through the arc and ionized.
  • the metal powder is injected and melted / plasticized by the high plasma temperature.
  • the plasma stream accelerates the metal particles toward the surface of the reference.
  • the metal particles combine to form a tight, firmly adhering layer by plastic deformation and / or cold welding or rigidification.
  • the spraying of the at least one layer section has the advantage that a much higher deposition rate can be achieved on the reference form than in the prior art in a galvanic deposition, for example. This enables economically viable production, in particular of large riblet films, for example for the wing of an aircraft such as the Airbus A380. Also, almost any metal powder can be used, wherein the grain size can vary and the size of the riblet structure is selected according to from a few nm to several hundred m.
  • the at least one layer section may have a different thickness.
  • the layer thickness may be variable, for example the edge regions may be thicker or thinner than the middle of the layer section. Also, the entire layer portion may be formed with a substantially constant thickness.
  • the reference may be used once or may be intended for multiple use.
  • a reusable form is inexpensive and can be used for the production of riblet films from various metal powders, the riblet structure being identical.
  • the reference shape is formed as a roller. This enables a continuous production of the riblet film according to the invention.
  • the thickness of the riblet film can be adjusted via the rotational speed of the roller. At low rotational speed, a thickness of, for example, 400 m is formed. If, on the other hand, the riblet film is to be thin, for example 200 m, the rotational speed of the roller is simply increased. This allows a simple control of the thickness of the riblet film.
  • the metallic riblet film can be at least partially finished. This includes, for example, a backside coating with an adhesive, the functionalization of the surfaces by a coating or a modification of the surface, so that they are dirt-repellent or anti-icing.
  • Fig. 1a shows the production of a Ribletfolie according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 1b shows the detached riblet foil with trapezoidal riblet structure
  • Fig. 2 shows the production of a riblet film according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 a sketch of the production of a riblet film is shown.
  • a reference 11 has a riblet structure 13 on a surface 12.
  • metal particles 15 of a metal powder are accelerated to the surface 12 at high speed. Upon impact, the metal particles 15 deform and combine to form a metallic material.
  • the layer section 14 is built up in layers. The spraying of the metal powder is stopped when the thickness of the layer portion 14 has reached the thickness required for an application.
  • the coating system 16 is in this embodiment, a plant for cold gas spraying.
  • a carrier gas is compressed and accelerated by relaxation in a nozzle to a speed which is below the speed of sound of the carrier gas.
  • the metal powder is injected into the gas jet.
  • the carrier gas has a temperature which is below the melting temperature of the metal particles 15, so that they do not melt.
  • the metal particles 15 deform on impact on the surface 14, the resulting local heat release for cohesion and adhesion for the formation of the layer portion 14 provide, so that a metallic material is formed.
  • FIG. 1 b shows the detached riblet foil with a trapezoidal riblet structure.
  • the riblet film 10 has a base 18 and a riblet structure 17 with trapezoidal riblets.
  • the reference 1 1 is reusable for producing a further metallic riblet film 10.
  • Fig. 2 shows the production of a riblet film with a roller 11 as a reference.
  • the roller 11 has on the surface 12 in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity not shown negative form of a riblet structure thirteenth
  • metal particles 15 are accelerated to high speeds and collide with high kinetic energy on the surface 12 of the roller 11.
  • the metal particles 15 combine to form a dense layer section 14, so that a metallic material is formed.
  • the rotation speed of the roller 11 determines the thickness of the layer portion 14.
  • the metal particles 15 strike a previously formed layer, so that the layer portion 14 becomes thicker overall.
  • the thickness of the layer portion 14 depends on several factors, for example, the circumference of the roll 1 1, the speed of the coating system relative to the width of the roller 11th
  • the continuous riblet film 10 has a base 18 and a riblet structure 17, which are not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity, but are comparable to the riblet structure 17 of FIG. 1b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a riblet foil and to a method for producing same. According to the invention the riblet foil (10) has a layered structure. A metal powder is applied to a reference mould (11), which has a negative shape of a riblet structure (13), so that a metal material is formed. The layered portion (14) applied in this manner is detached so that a riblet foil (10) having a riblet structure (13) is formed.

Description

RIBLETFOLIE UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG  RIBBON FILM AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
GEBIET DER ERFINDUNG FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Ribletfolie und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung. Insbesondere ist die Ribletfolie aus metallischem Material und wird schichtweise auf einer Bezugsform aufgebaut. Die Ribletfolie weist eine Riblet- struktur auf, die den Luftwiderstand reduziert. The present invention relates to a riblet film and a process for its preparation. In particular, the riblet film is of metallic material and is built up in layers on a reference mold. The riblet film has a riblet structure which reduces air resistance.
HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNG BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Die Verringerung des Treibstoffverbrauchs und die Reduzierung von Kohlenstoffdioxid / Stickstoffoxid (CO2/NOx) Emissionen sind wichtige zu erfüllende Ziele, insbesondere von der Luftfahrtindustrie oder Automobilindustrie. Neben Leichtbau zur Gewichtsreduzierung und Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades von Antrieben, stellt die Reduzierung des Luftwiderstandes einen wesentlichen Baustein zur Erreichung dieser Ziele dar. Reducing fuel consumption and reducing carbon dioxide / nitrogen oxide (CO2 / NOx) emissions are key objectives to be met, particularly by the aviation or automotive industries. In addition to lightweight construction to reduce weight and improve the efficiency of drives, the reduction of air resistance is an essential element in achieving these goals.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oberflächen, die den Luftströmungswiderstand reduzieren, sind bekannt. Es ist seit langem bekannt und in Ölkanalversuchen nachgewiesen, dass durch geeignete Strukturierung von festen Oberflächen der Widerstand von darüber strömenden flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medien reduziert werden kann. Die Strukturierung der festen Oberfläche hat dabei unterschiedliche Formen und Größen. Aus Bechert, D.W. et al, Experiments on drag-reducing surfaces and their optimization with adjustable geometry, Journal of Fluid Mecha- nics, Vol. 338, pp. 59-97, 1997, ist bekannt eine strukturierte Kunststofffolie auf Körper aufzukleben. Methods of making surfaces that reduce airflow resistance are known. It has long been known and demonstrated in oil channel experiments that by suitable structuring of solid surfaces, the resistance of flowing over liquid or gaseous media can be reduced. The structuring of the solid surface has different shapes and sizes. From Bechert, D.W. et al., Experiments on Drag-reducing Surfaces and their Optimization with Adjustable Geometry, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 338, p. 59-97, 1997, it is known to stick a structured plastic film on body.
Basierend darauf wurden von Luftfahrtunternehmen wie Airbus und Boeing Versuche durchgeführt, bei denen Kunststofffolien entsprechender Strukturierung von Based on this, tests were carried out by airlines such as Airbus and Boeing in which plastic films of appropriate structuring of
BESTÄTIGUNGSKOPIE der Firma 3M, auf die Außenfläche eines Flugzeugs aufgeklebt waren. Bei Flugversuchen mit einem Großflugzeug, dessen Oberfläche zu 70% mit einer solchen Kunststofffolie beklebt war, konnte eine Widerstandsverminderung von 2% nachgewiesen werden (Szodruch J., Dziomba, B., Aircraft Drag Reduction Technologies, 29th Aerospace Science Meeting, Reno, Nevada, 07-10 Jan. 1991). Dies führte zu einer Treibstoffersparnis von 1 ,5% (Roberts J.P., Drag Reduction: An Industrial Challenge, Special Course on Skin Friction Drag Reduction, AGARD Report 786, 1992). CONFIRMATION COPY the company 3M, were glued to the outer surface of an aircraft. In flight tests with a large aircraft, the surface of which was 70% pasted with such a plastic film, a resistance reduction of 2% could be detected (Szodruch J., Dziomba, B., Aircraft Drag Reduction Technologies, 29th Aerospace Science Meeting, Reno, Nevada, 07-10 Jan. 1991). This resulted in a fuel saving of 1.5% (Roberts JP, Drag Reduction: An Industrial Challenge, Special Course on Skin Drag Drag Reduction, AGARD Report 786, 1992).
Die bislang verwendeten strukturierten Kunststofffolien haben aber nicht nur mangelnde mechanische Beständigkeit sondern weisen auch eine Degradation der Kunststofffolie und des Klebers auf, mit dem die Kunststofffolien am Flugzeug haften. Eine Folge der mangelnden mechanischen Beständigkeit ist beispielsweise die Verrundung des Spitzenradius einer sägezahnförmigen Strukturierung, die zu einer Aufhebung der reibungsvermindernden Wirkung führen kann. (Hage, W., Zur Widerstandsverminderung von dreidimensionalen Ribletstrukturen und anderer Oberflächen, Dissertation TU Berlin 2004). Die Degradation kann auch zu einer Ablösung der Kunststofffolien während des Betriebes führen. However, the structured plastic films used hitherto have not only a lack of mechanical resistance but also a degradation of the plastic film and the adhesive with which the plastic films adhere to the aircraft. A consequence of the lack of mechanical resistance is, for example, the rounding of the tip radius of a sawtooth-shaped structuring, which can lead to a repeal of the friction-reducing effect. (Hage, W., For resistance reduction of three-dimensional riblet structures and other surfaces, dissertation TU Berlin 2004). The degradation can also lead to a detachment of the plastic films during operation.
In einer noch nicht veröffentlichten Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin ist beschrieben, dass durch die Verwendung von strukturierten Metallfolien beispielsweise an einem Strukturbauteil eines Flugzeugs oder Helikopters, der Luftströmungswiderstand deutlich reduziert werden kann. Dazu weist die Struktur auf der Metallfolie Riblets auf, die mikroskopisch kleine Rillen auf der Oberfläche der Metallfolie sind. Solche strukturierten Metallfolien werden im Folgenden als Ribletfolie bezeichnet. Die mechanische Beständigkeit der Ribletfolie ist höher als bei Kunststofffolien. Bei der Verwendung von Ribletfolien auf faserverstärkten Kunststoffstrukturen ist gleichzeitig auch die elektrische Leitfähigkeit gegeben, um Blitzschutz bereitzustellen. Für die Herstellung von strukturierten Metallfolien ist beispielsweise aus In a not yet published patent application of the applicant is described that the use of structured metal foils, for example on a structural component of an aircraft or helicopter, the air flow resistance can be significantly reduced. For this purpose, the structure on the metal foil riblets, which are microscopic grooves on the surface of the metal foil. Such structured metal foils are referred to below as riblet foil. The mechanical resistance of the riblet film is higher than with plastic films. When using riblet films on fiber-reinforced plastic structures, the electrical conductivity is also given at the same time to provide lightning protection. For the production of structured metal foils, for example
DE10314373A1 ein Feingussverfahren bekannt, mit dem Turbinenschaufeln aus Titanaluminiden (TiAl) mit strukturierter Oberfläche hergestellt werden. Auch ist die Strukturierung metallischer Oberflächen durch Laserbearbeitung oder Schleifen beispielsweise bekannt aus Oehlert et. AI., Exploratory Experiments on Machined Riblets for 2-D Compressor Blades, Proceeding of IMECE2007, 2007 ASME Inter- nation Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11-15, 2007, Seattle, Washington, USA. DE10314373A1 a precision casting method is known, are produced with the turbine blades of titanium aluminides (TiAl) with a structured surface. The structuring of metallic surfaces by laser processing or grinding, for example, is known from Oehlert et. AI., Exploratory Experiments on Machined Riblets for 2-D Compressor Blades, Proceeding of IMECE 2007, 2007 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11-15, 2007, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Eine solche direkte Strukturierung durch Gussverfahren oder abtragende Verfahren (Strukturierung durch Laser oder Mikrofräsen etc.) ist jedoch bei der erforderlichen Größe der Flächen der Flugzeuge, Helikopter oder anderem Fluggerät weder technisch noch wirtschaftlich anwendbar. However, such direct structuring by casting or ablation processes (structuring by laser or micro-milling, etc.) is neither technically nor economically applicable to the required size of the surfaces of aircraft, helicopters or other aircraft.
Hingegen sind für die Herstellung von Ribletfolien in erforderlicher Menge und/oder Größe Fertigungsverfahren bekannt, bei denen Metallfolien durch mechanische Bearbeitung strukturiert werden. Beispielsweise sind dies mechanische (Um)Formverfahren wie Walzen (einschließlich inkrementeller Verfahren wie das sogenannte„incremental rolling") oder Prägen. On the other hand, manufacturing processes are known for the production of riblet films in the required quantity and / or size, in which metal foils are structured by mechanical processing. For example, these are mechanical (re) molding methods such as rolling (including incremental methods such as so-called "incremental rolling") or embossing.
Um bei diesen bekannten Fertigungsverfahren auf der Metallfolie scharfkantige Strukturen zu erzeugen, müssen die verwendeten Werkzeuge, beispielsweise Walzen, mit hohem Druck auf die Metallfolie gepresst werden. Solche Werkzeuge sind üblicherweise aus einem massiven Vollkörper gebildet, beispielsweise aus Stahl. Auch müssen solche Werkzeuge aus entsprechendem Material gefertigt sein, wenn beispielsweise erhöhte Temperaturen nötig sind, um die Metallfolie durch plastische Verformung so zu verändern, dass eine Ribletfolie entsteht. In order to produce sharp-edged structures on the metal foil in these known production methods, the tools used, for example rollers, must be pressed onto the metal foil with high pressure. Such tools are usually formed from a solid solid body, such as steel. Also, such tools must be made of appropriate material, for example, if elevated temperatures are necessary to change the metal foil by plastic deformation so that a Ribletfolie arises.
Hochfeste Werkstoffe wie beispielsweise beta-Titanlegierungen, deren Festigkeiten Werte bis zu 1700 MPa erreichen, können durch Umformdruck nicht mehr aus- reichend plastifiziert werden, so dass die Ribletstruktur nicht oder nur grob auf der Metallfolie erzeugt werden kann. High-strength materials, such as beta-titanium alloys, whose strengths reach values of up to 1700 MPa, can no longer tolerate forming pressure. be plasticized so that the Ribletstruktur can not or only roughly generated on the metal foil.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Ribletfolie und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung anzugeben, das die Nachteile des Stands der Technik überwindet und kostengünstig einsetzbar ist bei geringem technischen Aufwand. It is an object of the invention to provide a Ribletfolie and a method for their production, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and is inexpensive to use with little technical effort.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ERFINDUNG SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Eine Ribletfolie ist in Anspruch 9 angegeben. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims. A riblet film is given in claim 9.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, ein einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Ribletfolien anzugeben, wobei die mechanischen und funktionellen Eigenschaften der Ribletfolie an die Erfordernisse der jeweiligen Anwendung durch geeignete Wahl der unterschiedlichsten Metalle und/oder -legierungen angepasst werden kann. Die Ribletfolie wird durch einen schichtweisen Aufbau auf einer Bezugsform hergestellt und von dieser dann abgelöst. Die Bezugsform weist auf wenigstens einer Fläche eine Struktur auf, die einer Negativform wenigstens einer Ribletstruktur entspricht. Die Negativform weist mikroskopisch kleine Vertiefungen auf der Fläche der Bezugsform auf. Nach dem Ablösen von der Bezugsform sind Riblets als mikroskopisch kleine Erhebungen/Spitzen auf der gebildeten Ribletfolie. Die Riblets können auf der gesamten Ribletfolie ausgebildet sein oder in ausgewählten Teilbereichen vorhanden sein. Entsprechend ist die Fläche der Bezugsform strukturiert. The invention is based on the idea of specifying a simple process for the production of metallic riblet films, wherein the mechanical and functional properties of the riblet film can be adapted to the requirements of the respective application by a suitable choice of a wide variety of metals and / or alloys. The riblet film is made by a layered construction on a reference form and then detached from it. The reference shape has on at least one surface a structure which corresponds to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure. The negative mold has microscopic depressions on the surface of the reference mold. After peeling off the reference riblets are as microscopic peaks on the riblet film formed. The riblets can be formed on the entire riblet film or be present in selected subregions. Accordingly, the surface of the reference shape is structured.
Mit anderen Worten ist es angedacht, unabhängig von der erforderlichen Größe, Form oder Beschaffenheit der Ribletfolie, ein einfaches Verfahren anzugeben wodurch aus einem beliebigem Metallpulver die gewünschte Form, Größe und Beschaffenheit der Ribletfolie hergestellt werden kann. Sowohl die Dicke der Ribletfolie selbst, als die Größe und Form der Riblets ist mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren variabel herstellbar. Vorteilhaft ist die Dicke der Ribletfolie weniger als 500 μητι und hat vorteilhaft eine Dicke zwischen 50 - 400 μητι, insbesondere mindestens 200 μητι. Die Dicke der Ribletfolie gewährleistet bei geringst möglichem Gewicht eine einfache Anpassung an das jeweilige Bauteil auf dem sie aufgebracht wird. In other words, it is contemplated, regardless of the required size, shape or texture of the riblet film to specify a simple method whereby from any metal powder the desired shape, size and Texture of Ribletfolie can be produced. Both the thickness of the riblet film itself, as the size and shape of the riblets can be variably produced by the method according to the invention. Advantageously, the thickness of the Ribletfolie less than 500 μητι and advantageously has a thickness between 50 - 400 μητι, in particular at least 200 μητι. The thickness of the Ribletfolie ensures the lowest possible weight a simple adaptation to the particular component on which it is applied.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren vorgesehen, das zur Herstellung einer Ribletfolie dient, wobei die Ribletfolie schichtweise aufgebaut wird. Eine Bezugsform weist auf wenigstens einer Fläche eine Struktur auf, die einer Negativform wenigstens einer Ribletstruktur entspricht. Auf dieser Fläche wird wenigstens ein According to the invention, a method is provided which serves to produce a riblet film, wherein the riblet film is built up in layers. A reference shape has on at least one surface a structure which corresponds to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure. On this surface will at least one
Schichtabschnitt aus einem Metallpulver so aufgebracht, dass sich ein metallischer Werkstoff bildet. Das Aufbringen weiterer Schichtabschnitte aus Metallpulver in vertikaler oder horizontaler Richtung auf der Fläche der Bezugsform kann beliebig oft wiederholt werden. Der so gebildete wenigstens eine Schichtabschnitt wird von der Bezugsform abgelöst, so dass die metallische Ribletfolie gebildet wird. Diese weist auf wenigstens einer Fläche eine Ribletstruktur auf. Layer portion of a metal powder applied so that forms a metallic material. The application of further layer portions of metal powder in a vertical or horizontal direction on the surface of the reference form can be repeated as often as desired. The thus formed at least one layer portion is detached from the reference form, so that the metallic Ribletfolie is formed. This has a riblet structure on at least one surface.
Das Pulver aus Metall oder Metalllegierung umfasst wenigstens alle Leichtmetalle in den Hauptgruppen oder Nebengruppen des Periodensystems, insbesondere Aluminium oder Titan und Mischungen hiervon, wobei auch verstärkende Partikel in das Metall/Iegierungspulver gemischt werden können, als auch Hartmetalle. Die Hartmetalle umfassen wenigstens einen Verbundwerkstoff aus einer Verstärkungsphase wie Wolframcarbid (WC) und einer Matrix oder Bindemittel wie Co- balt. Selbstverständlich umfassen die Metalle auch Metalllegierungen, die wenigstens eines der genannten Metalle einschließlich Kupfer, Zink, Lithium, Beryllium, Scandium, Vanadium oder Yttrium enthalten und insbesondere auch Stahllegierungen; bevorzugt Titan/-Iegierungen oder Stahllegierungen, insbesondere Alumi- nium/-legierungen. Die Bezugsform kann aus den verschiedensten Materialien gebildet sein. Bevorzugt ist die Bezugsform oder die Fläche, die die genannte Struktur aufweist, aus Materialien gebildet, die eine hohe Beständigkeit haben und sich kaum abnutzen, beispielsweise Stahl X45NiCrMo4, der bekanntermaßen für Präge und Umform- werkzeuge eingesetzt wird und gut polierbar ist. The powder of metal or metal alloy comprises at least all light metals in the main groups or subgroups of the periodic table, in particular aluminum or titanium and mixtures thereof, wherein also reinforcing particles can be mixed in the metal / alloy powder, as well as hard metals. The hard metals comprise at least one reinforcing phase composite such as tungsten carbide (WC) and a matrix or binder such as cobalt, of course, the metals also include metal alloys containing at least one of said metals including copper, zinc, lithium, beryllium, scandium, vanadium or Contain yttrium and in particular also steel alloys; preferably titanium / alloys or steel alloys, in particular aluminum / alloys. The reference may be formed of a variety of materials. Preferably, the reference shape or surface having said structure is formed of materials which have high durability and hardly wear, for example, steel X45NiCrMo4, which is known to be used for embossing and forming tools and is readily polishable.
Die Fläche der Bezugsform umfasst eine Struktur die einer Negativform wenigstens einer Ribletstruktur entspricht, die durch mehrere trapezförmige, halbkreisförmige, stromlinienförmige und/oder sägezahnförmige Riblets oder eine Kombination hiervon gebildet ist. Die Negativform der Riblets umfassen einen Größenbereich mit einer Ribletbreite von etwa 20 μνη bis 130 μηι, bevorzugt 30 μηι bis 80 im, insbesondere 50 m bis 60 μηι, speziell 60 μνη. Wenigstens eine Negativform eines Riblets weist eine Höhe auf, die halb so groß ist wie der Abstand zu einem ihm benachbarten Riblet. The surface of the reference form comprises a structure corresponding to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure formed by a plurality of trapezoidal, semicircular, streamlined and / or sawtooth riblets, or a combination thereof. The negative form of the riblets comprise a size range with a Riblet width of about 20 μνη to 130 μηι, preferably 30 μηι to 80 microns, especially 50 m to 60 μηι, especially 60 μνη. At least one negative form of a riblet has a height that is half the distance to a riblet adjacent to it.
Das Aufbringen eines Schichtabschnitts auf der Fläche der Bezugsform erfolgt schichtweise. Nach und nach können eine oder mehrere Schichten aus gleichem oder verschiedenem Metallpulver aufgebracht werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann der erste Schichtabschnitt aus einem Titanpulver (oder Titanlegierung) aufgebracht werden und die restlichen Schichtabschnitte aus Aluminiumpulver. Die so gebildete Ribletfolie hat sehr robuste beständige Riblets und eine Basis die kostengünstig aus Aluminium hergestellt ist. Zudem kann Aluminium durch dem Fachmann bekannte Verfahren wie Anodisieren mit einer für eine Verklebung ideal geeigneten Oberfläche ausgestattet werden. The application of a layer portion on the surface of the reference shape is carried out in layers. Gradually, one or more layers of the same or different metal powder can be applied. Advantageously, the first layer section can be applied from a titanium powder (or titanium alloy) and the remaining layer sections from aluminum powder. The riblet film thus formed has very durable resistant riblets and a base that is inexpensively made of aluminum. In addition, aluminum can be equipped by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as anodizing, with a surface which is ideally suited for bonding.
Die Beschaffenheit der strukturierten Fläche, insbesondere die gute Polierbarkeit, ermöglicht ein einfaches Lösen der(s) aufgebrachten Schichtabschnitte(s) von der Bezugsform. Das Aufbringen des Metallpulvers auf das Bezugsformstück erfolgt bevorzugt durch Aufspritzen des Metallpulvers. Beispielsweise wird das Metallpulver schichtweise aufgetragen durch Kaltgasspritzen („cold gas spray"), thermokineti- sches Spritzen (z.B. Flamecon® der Firma Leoni), plasmaunterstütztes Auftragen (z.B. Plasmadust® der Firma Reinhausen Plasma) oder bekannte thermische Spritzverfahren wie Flammspritzen, Plasmaspritzen oder HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel). Hierbei ist es möglich Strukturen mit Geometrien von wenigen pm zu bilden. Die gebildeten Ribletstrukturen umfassen einen Größenbereich mit einer Ribletbreite von etwa 20 pm bis 130 pm, bevorzugt 30 pm bis 80 pm, insbesondere 50 pm bis 60 pm. Die Riblethöhe umfasst einen Bereich von 50-100% der Ribletbreite. Die Riblethöhe kann gleich Ribletbreite sein oder eine Kombination aus einem der angegebenen Größenbereiche umfassen. Entsprechend ist die Struktur der Negativform auf der Bezugsform ausgebildet. The nature of the structured surface, in particular the good polishability, allows for easy release of the applied layer portions (s) from the reference form. The application of the metal powder to the reference fitting is preferably carried out by spraying the metal powder. For example, the metal powder is applied in layers by cold gas spraying, thermokinetic spraying (eg Flamecon® from Leoni), plasma-assisted application (eg Plasmadust® from Reinhausen Plasma) or known thermal spraying methods such as flame spraying, plasma spraying or HVOF It is possible to form structures with geometries of a few pm The riblet structures formed comprise a size range with a riblet width of about 20 pm to 130 pm, preferably 30 pm to 80 pm, in particular 50 pm to 60 pm The ribbon height may be in the range of 50-100% of the riblet width The ribbon height may be the same as the riblet width or may comprise a combination of one of the size ranges given, Similarly, the structure of the female mold is formed on the reference.
Beim Aufbau des wenigstens einen Schichtabschnitts durch Aufspritzen wird das Metallpulver mit hoher Energie auf die Fläche der Bezugsform beschleunigt. Beim Aufprall der Metallpartikel verbinden sich diese durch plastische Verformung oder Kaltverschweissung zu einem metallischen Werkstoff. Beim Kaltgasprozess wird dazu ein aufgeheiztes Gas beschleunigt und das Metallpulver wird in den Gasstrahl injiziert und durch diesen beschleunigt. Beim Plasmaspritzen als Beispiel thermischer Spritzverfahren wird in einer normalen oder inerten Atmosphäre oder Vakuum ein Lichtbogen zwischen der Kathode und Anode des Plasmabrenners erzeugt. Das durch den Plasmabrenner strömende Gas wird durch den Lichtbogen geleitet und ionisiert. In dieses aufgeheizte Gas wird das Metallpulver eingedüst und durch die hohe Plasmatemperatur geschmolzen/plastifiziert. Der Plasmastrom beschleunigt die Metallpartikel in Richtung Fläche der Bezugsform. Nach dem Aufprall verbinden sich die Metallpartikel zu einer dichten, miteinander fest haftenden Schicht durch plastische Verformung und/oder Kaltverschweissung bzw Er- starrun. Das Aufspritzen des wenigstens einen Schichtabschnitts hat den Vorteil, dass eine viel höhere Abscheiderate auf der Bezugsform erzielt werden kann als im Stand der Technik bei einer galvanischen Abscheidung beispielsweise. Dies ermöglicht eine wirtschaftlich rentable Herstellung insbesondere von großen Ribletfolien, beispielsweise für die Tragfläche eines Flugzeugs wie der A380 der Firma Airbus Operations GmbH. Auch kann nahezu jedes Metallpulver verwendet werden, wobei die Korngröße variieren kann und der Größe der Riblettstruktur entsprechend von wenigen nm bis mehreren hundert m ausgewählt wird. In the construction of the at least one layer portion by spraying, the metal powder is accelerated to the surface of the reference mold with high energy. Upon impact of the metal particles, these combine by plastic deformation or cold welding to form a metallic material. In the cold gas process, a heated gas is accelerated and the metal powder is injected into the gas jet and accelerated by it. In plasma spraying, as an example of thermal spraying, an arc is created between the cathode and the anode of the plasma torch in a normal or inert atmosphere or vacuum. The gas flowing through the plasma torch is passed through the arc and ionized. In this heated gas, the metal powder is injected and melted / plasticized by the high plasma temperature. The plasma stream accelerates the metal particles toward the surface of the reference. After the impact, the metal particles combine to form a tight, firmly adhering layer by plastic deformation and / or cold welding or rigidification. The spraying of the at least one layer section has the advantage that a much higher deposition rate can be achieved on the reference form than in the prior art in a galvanic deposition, for example. This enables economically viable production, in particular of large riblet films, for example for the wing of an aircraft such as the Airbus A380. Also, almost any metal powder can be used, wherein the grain size can vary and the size of the riblet structure is selected according to from a few nm to several hundred m.
Der wenigstens eine Schichtabschnitt kann eine unterschiedliche Dicke aufweisen. Die Schichtdicke kann variabel sein, beispielsweise können die Randbereiche dicker oder dünner als die Mitte des Schichtabschnitts gebildet sein. Auch kann der gesamte Schichtabschnitt mit einer im Wesentlichen konstanten Dicke gebildet werden. The at least one layer section may have a different thickness. The layer thickness may be variable, for example the edge regions may be thicker or thinner than the middle of the layer section. Also, the entire layer portion may be formed with a substantially constant thickness.
Die Bezugsform kann einmalig verwendet werden oder für mehrfachen Gebrauch vorgesehen sein. Eine wiederverwendbare Bezugsform ist kostengünstig und kann für die Herstellung von Ribletfolien aus verschiedenen Metallpulvern dienen, wobei die Ribletstruktur identisch ist. The reference may be used once or may be intended for multiple use. A reusable form is inexpensive and can be used for the production of riblet films from various metal powders, the riblet structure being identical.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Bezugsform als Walze ausgebildet. Dies ermöglicht eine kontinierliche Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Ribletfolie. In a further embodiment, the reference shape is formed as a roller. This enables a continuous production of the riblet film according to the invention.
Vorteilhafterweise kann die Dicke der Ribletfolie über die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Walze eingestellt werden. Bei niedriger Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit wird eine Dicke von beispielsweise 400 m gebildet. Soll die Ribletfolie hingegen dünn sein, beispielsweise 200 m wird die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Walze einfach erhöht. Dadurch wird eine einfache Regelung der Dicke der Ribletfolie ermöglicht. Die metallische Ribletfolie kann zumindest teilweise veredelt werden. Dies umfasst beispielsweise eine Rückseitenbeschichtung mit einem Kleber, die Funktionalisie- rung der Oberflächen durch eine Beschichtung oder eine Modifizierung der Oberfläche, so dass diese schmutzabweisend oder vereisungsverhindernd sind. Advantageously, the thickness of the riblet film can be adjusted via the rotational speed of the roller. At low rotational speed, a thickness of, for example, 400 m is formed. If, on the other hand, the riblet film is to be thin, for example 200 m, the rotational speed of the roller is simply increased. This allows a simple control of the thickness of the riblet film. The metallic riblet film can be at least partially finished. This includes, for example, a backside coating with an adhesive, the functionalization of the surfaces by a coating or a modification of the surface, so that they are dirt-repellent or anti-icing.
KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGUREN BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand von in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben. Zum einfacheren Verständnis wurde auf eine maßstabsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet. The invention will be described by way of example with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. For a better understanding, a true-to-scale reproduction has been dispensed with.
Fig. 1a zeigt die Herstellung einer Ribletfolie nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel; Fig. 1a shows the production of a Ribletfolie according to a first embodiment;
Fig. 1 b zeigt die abgelöste Ribletfolie mit trapezförmiger Ribletstruktur; FIG. 1b shows the detached riblet foil with trapezoidal riblet structure; FIG.
Fig. 2 zeigt die Herstellung einer Ribletfolie nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel. Fig. 2 shows the production of a riblet film according to a second embodiment.
AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELE DER ERFINDUNG EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
In Fig. 1 a ist skizzenhaft die Herstellung einer Ribletfolie gezeigt. Eine Bezugsform 11 weist auf einer Fläche 12 eine Ribletstruktur 13 auf. Mit einer Beschichtungsan- lage 16 werden Metallpartikel 15 eines Metallpulvers mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zur Fläche 12 beschleunigt. Beim Aufprall verformen sich die Metallpartikel 15 und verbinden sich zu einem metallischen Werkstoff. Beim kontinuierlichen Aufspritzen von Metallpartikeln 15 auf die Fläche 12 wird schichtweise der Schichtabschnitt 14 aufgebaut. Das Aufspritzen des Metallpulvers wird beendet, wenn die Dicke des Schichtabschnitts 14 die für eine Anwendung erforderliche Dicke erreicht hat. Die Beschichtungsanlage 16 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine Anlage für Kaltgasspritzen. Ein Trägergas wird komprimiert und durch Entspannung in einer Düse auf eine Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, die unterhalb der Schallgeschwindigkeit des Trägergases liegt. Das Metallpulver wird in den Gasstrahl injiziert. Das Trägergas hat eine Temperatur die unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Metallpartikel 15 liegt, so dass diese nicht schmelzen. Die Metallpartikel 15 verformen sich beim Aufprall auf die Fläche 14, wobei die daraus resultierende lokale Wärmefreigabe für Kohäsion und Haftung für die Bildung der Schichtabschnitt 14 sorgen, so dass ein metallischer Werkstoff gebildet wird. In Fig. 1 a sketch of the production of a riblet film is shown. A reference 11 has a riblet structure 13 on a surface 12. With a coating system 16, metal particles 15 of a metal powder are accelerated to the surface 12 at high speed. Upon impact, the metal particles 15 deform and combine to form a metallic material. During continuous spraying of metal particles 15 onto the surface 12, the layer section 14 is built up in layers. The spraying of the metal powder is stopped when the thickness of the layer portion 14 has reached the thickness required for an application. The coating system 16 is in this embodiment, a plant for cold gas spraying. A carrier gas is compressed and accelerated by relaxation in a nozzle to a speed which is below the speed of sound of the carrier gas. The metal powder is injected into the gas jet. The carrier gas has a temperature which is below the melting temperature of the metal particles 15, so that they do not melt. The metal particles 15 deform on impact on the surface 14, the resulting local heat release for cohesion and adhesion for the formation of the layer portion 14 provide, so that a metallic material is formed.
Fig. 1 b zeigt die abgelöste Ribletfolie mit trapezförmiger Ribletstruktur. FIG. 1 b shows the detached riblet foil with a trapezoidal riblet structure. FIG.
Die Ribletfolie 10 hat eine Basis 18 sowie eine Ribletstruktur 17 mit trapezförmigen Riblets. Die Bezugsform 1 1 ist wiederverwendbar zur Herstellung einer weiteren metallischen Ribletfolie 10. The riblet film 10 has a base 18 and a riblet structure 17 with trapezoidal riblets. The reference 1 1 is reusable for producing a further metallic riblet film 10.
Fig. 2 zeigt die Herstellung einer Ribletfolie mit einer Walze 11 als Bezugsform. Die Walze 11 hat auf der Fläche 12 eine in Fig. 2 aus Gründen der Übersicht nicht gezeigte Negativform einer Ribletstruktur 13. Fig. 2 shows the production of a riblet film with a roller 11 as a reference. The roller 11 has on the surface 12 in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity not shown negative form of a riblet structure thirteenth
Mit der Beschichtungsanlage 16, wie bei Fig. 1 beschrieben, werden Metallpartikel 15 auf hohe Geschwindigkeiten beschleunigt und prallen mit hoher kinetischer Energie auf die Fläche 12 der Walze 11. Durch plastische Verformung der Metallpartikel 15 und Kaltverschweissung verbinden sich die Metallpartikel 15 zu einem dichten Schichtabschnitt 14, so dass ein metallischer Werkstoff gebildet wird. With the coating system 16, as described in FIG. 1, metal particles 15 are accelerated to high speeds and collide with high kinetic energy on the surface 12 of the roller 11. By plastic deformation of the metal particles 15 and cold welding, the metal particles 15 combine to form a dense layer section 14, so that a metallic material is formed.
Die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Walze 11 bestimmt die Dicke des Schichtabschnitts 14. Wenn die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Walze 11 niedrig ist, treffen die Metallpartikel 15 auf eine zuvor gebildete Schicht, so dass der Schichtabschnitt 14 insgesamt dicker wird. Die Dicke des Schichtabschnitts 14 hängt von mehreren Faktoren ab, beispielsweise der Umfang der Walze 1 1 , die Geschwindigkeit der Beschichtungsanlage relativ zur Breite der Walze 11. The rotation speed of the roller 11 determines the thickness of the layer portion 14. When the rotation speed of the roller 11 is low, the metal particles 15 strike a previously formed layer, so that the layer portion 14 becomes thicker overall. The thickness of the layer portion 14 depends on several factors, for example, the circumference of the roll 1 1, the speed of the coating system relative to the width of the roller 11th
Bei kontinuierlicher Drehung der Walze 11 und Aufspritzen des Metallpulvers durch die Beschichtungsanlage 16 wird ein kontinuierlicher Schichtabschnitt 14 hergestellt. Dieser wird von einer Abrollwalze 19 aufgenommen und durch Drehen der Abrollwalze 19 entgegen dem Drehsinn der Walze 11 von dieser abgelöst. With continuous rotation of the roller 11 and spraying of the metal powder through the coating unit 16, a continuous layer section 14 is produced. This is taken up by a Abrollwalze 19 and replaced by turning the Abrollwalze 19 against the direction of rotation of the roller 11 of this.
Die kontinuierliche Ribletfolie 10 hat eine Basis 18 und eine Ribletstruktur 17, die in Fig. 2 aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht gezeigt sind, jedoch vergleichbar mit der Ribletstruktur 17 aus Fig. 1b sind. The continuous riblet film 10 has a base 18 and a riblet structure 17, which are not shown in FIG. 2 for reasons of clarity, but are comparable to the riblet structure 17 of FIG. 1b.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Ribletfolie 10 riblet film
11 Bezugsform, Walze 11 Reference form, roller
12 Fläche 12 area
13 Ribletstruktur 13 riblet structure
14 Schichtabschnitt14 shift section
15 Metallpartikel15 metal particles
16 Beschichtungsanlage16 coating system
17 Ribletstruktur17 riblet structure
18 Basis 18 base
19 Abrollwalze  19 rolling roller

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer metallischen Ribietfolie (10) durch schichtweisen Aufbau, wobei die Ribietfolie (10) durch zumindest einmaliges Durchführen der folgenden Schritte aufgebaut wird, umfassend: A method of manufacturing a metallic rib foil (10) by layered construction, wherein the rib foil (10) is constructed by performing at least one of the following steps, comprising:
Bereitstellen einer Bezugsform (11 ), die auf wenigstens einer Fläche (12) eine Struktur aufweist, die einer Negativform wenigstens einer Ribletstruktur (13) entspricht;  Providing a reference (11) having on at least one surface (12) a structure corresponding to a negative mold of at least one riblet structure (13);
Aufbringen wenigstens eines Schichtabschnitts (14) aus einem Metallpulver auf der wenigstens einen Fläche (12) der Bezugsform (11 ) in solcher weise, dass sich der wenigstens eine Schichtabschnitt (14) als metallischer Werkstoff bildet;  Applying at least one layer portion (14) of a metal powder on the at least one surface (12) of the reference (11) in such a way that the at least one layer portion (14) forms as a metallic material;
Lösen des wenigstens einen Schichtabschnitts (14) von der Bezugsform (11 ), so dass die metallische Ribietfolie (10) gebildet wird, die auf wenigstens einer Fläche eine Ribletstruktur (10) aufweist.  Detaching the at least one layer portion (14) from the reference (11) so as to form the metallic rib foil (10) having a riblet structure (10) on at least one surface.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufbringen des wenigstens einen Schichtabschnitts (14) durch Aufspritzen eines Metallpulvers gebildet wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the application of the at least one layer portion (14) is formed by spraying a metal powder.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Schichtabschnitt (14) aus einem Metallpulver aufgebracht wird, das Titan o- der dessen Legierungen umfasst und ein zweiter Schichtabschnitt (14) aus einem Metallpulver aufgebracht wird, das Aluminium oder dessen Legierungen umfasst. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first layer portion (14) is applied from a metal powder comprising titanium o- its alloys and a second layer portion (14) is applied from a metal powder, the aluminum or its Includes alloys.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke des wenigstens einen Schichtabschnitts (14) unterschiedlich ist. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the at least one layer portion (14) is different.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugsform (11) wiederverwendbar ist. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reference shape (11) is reusable.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezugsform (11) als Walze (11) ausgebildet ist. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reference shape (11) as a roller (11) is formed.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke des wenigstens einen Schichtabschnitts (14) über die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Walze (11 ) einstellbar ist. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the at least one layer portion (14) over the rotational speed of the roller (11) is adjustable.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der metallischen Ribletfolie (10) zumindest teilweise veredelt wird. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the metallic Ribletfolie (10) is at least partially finished.
9. Ribletfolie (10), deren wenigstens eine Fläche eine Struktur aufweist, die den Luftströmungswiderstand reduziert, wobei die Ribletfolie (10) hergestellt ist mit einem Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche. 9. riblet film (10), the at least one surface of which has a structure which reduces the air flow resistance, wherein the riblet film (10) is produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims.
EP12780401.1A 2011-10-05 2012-10-02 Metallic riblet film and method of manufacture Active EP2773476B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011114832A DE102011114832A1 (en) 2011-10-05 2011-10-05 RIBBON FILM AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
PCT/DE2012/000960 WO2013050018A1 (en) 2011-10-05 2012-10-02 Riblet foil and method for producing same

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EP2773476A1 true EP2773476A1 (en) 2014-09-10
EP2773476B1 EP2773476B1 (en) 2016-03-02

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EP (1) EP2773476B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103987478A (en)
DE (1) DE102011114832A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2575243T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2013050018A1 (en)

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EP2773476B1 (en) 2016-03-02
US20140356219A1 (en) 2014-12-04
DE102011114832A1 (en) 2013-04-11
CN103987478A (en) 2014-08-13
ES2575243T3 (en) 2016-06-27
WO2013050018A1 (en) 2013-04-11

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