Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

• This invention relates to lamellar gel detergent liquids.
• LAS linear alkylbenzenesulphonate
• AES alkylethoxy sulphate
• LAS linear alkylbenzenesulphonate
• AES alkylethoxy sulphate
• Stability is also compromised as the amount of ethoxylation of the AES drops from 3 to 1 and as the amount of total surfactant in the liquid drops below 20 wt%.
• the formulator would prefer to use AES with lower ethoxylation as it is less expensive and more widely available.
• Formulations with high levels of citrate or other electrolyte to generate the lamellar phase are less desirable because this electrolyte does not contribute significantly to the cleaning performance, so it is adding cost and chemicals for no consumer perceivable benefit. Such addition is also undesirable from an environmental perspective.
• the use of lower levels of surfactant system is also desirable from an environmental standpoint and the formulation space freed up by this reduction (and the possible loss of cleaning power) can be rebalanced by the inclusion of high weight efficiency performance additives. This approach to formulation of detergent liquids and information about suitable performance additives is described in WO09153184 .
• US2011220537 relates to a similar problem.
• the solution adopted is to add an external structurant to the liquid.
• the external structurant is a specific pH tunable amido gellant. Because they are externally structured the liquids do not contain electrolyte at high enough levels to make them into internally structured lamellar gels. All the liquids exemplified are isotropic liquids with a gelled structuring premix of the amido compound added to thicken them as the pH is adjusted. These liquids are not stable lamellar gels and the cost and complexity of the special external structuring system and its pH sensitivity makes such a solution unsuited for many commercial detergent liquid applications, especially hand wash applications where near neutral pH is an advantage and formulation cost is a major issue.
• US6277803 discloses a series of examples of electrolyte gelled high active detergent liquids (35% AD) comprising a surfactant system of alkyl olefin sulphonate (AOS), LAS and amine oxide (AO). AES is absent in the examples. High active compositions form stable gels relatively easily.
• Comparative Example A uses a low level of amine oxide and an excess of AES over LAS. This should be an isotropic liquid although it might be an unstable lamellar gel if electrolyte were added. We have found that stable lamellar gels are very difficult to make when the LAS / AES ratio is less than 1:1. There is an excess of AES as in Comparative Example A.
• compositions that must comprise 10 to 20% of AES (claim 1). Only example 1 has this much AES.
• the mixed LAS system used in example 1 gives a total of 12.02, the AES level is 11.5. Thus this composition does have an excess of LAS over AES.
• the amount of the optional amine oxide in example 1 is 5%, which is high. There is no electrolyte present at a high enough level to make this into a lamellar gel. This is supported by the information that it could not suspend gelatin beads. The level of amine oxide is too high and the level of electrolyte too low to form a stable gel.
• US6972278 (Unilever), relates to lamellar gel detergent liquids that are gelled by addition of fatty acid.
• the exemplified compositions have an excess of AES over LAS and no AO.
• Nonionic (NI) is typically present too.
• the presence of high levels of fatty acid suppresses foam generation which makes these liquids unsuitable for hand wash and top loading automatic applications.
• US4615819 (Unilever), describes high active detergent liquids, some comprising LAS and AES, which are forced into a lamellar gel phase by adding high levels of urea as gelling agent. No amine oxide was used. Adding high levels of gelling agent adds to cost and makes it more difficult to include other useful ingredients into the compositions. There is also consumer resistance to use of urea.
• US7297674 (Unilever), describes electrolyte gelled low active LAS / nonionic detergent liquids which have mono or polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether added to improve their clarity.
• the examples in this document do not comprise the AES that is desired for hand wash. It is suggested to be possible to add AES but there is no disclosure that this may cause problems for maintenance of stable lamellar gels and no suggestion to add any amine oxide to the compositions. Furthermore the nonionic content would make the exemplified liquids unsuitable for hand wash where foam generation is desired.
• US7022657 (Unilever), relates to detergent liquids that are gelled by addition of a fatty alcohol.
• Comparative composition D without the fatty alcohol gelling agent, is isotropic. It has more AES than LAS and also contains a relatively high level of nonionic.
• Composition C is gelled by addition of the fatty alcohol. There is no suggestion to add amine oxide to these compositions. Fatty alcohols suppress foam and are undesirable in hand wash compositions.
• “Gel” as used herein means a shear thinning, lamellar gel, with a pouring viscosity in the range of from 100 to 5000 mPas (milli Pascal seconds), more preferably less than 3000 mPas, most preferably less than 1500 mPas, and which also has a critical shear stress higher than 10 Pa, more preferably higher than 15 Pa, most preferably higher than 20 Pa, but not exceeding 100 Pa.
• gel in the art is frequently not well defined. The most common, loose definition, however, is that a gel is a thick liquid. Nevertheless, a thick liquid may be a Newtonian fluid, which does not change its viscosity with the change in flow condition, such as honey or syrup. This type of thick liquid is very difficult and messy to dispense.
• a different type of liquid gel is shear-thinning, i.e. it is thick at low shear condition (e.g. at rest) and thin at high flow rate condition.
• Shear-thinning rheological properties can be measured with a viscometer or a sophisticated rheometer and the correct measurement spindle. The plot of viscosity vs. shear rate will reveal whether the sample is shear thinning or not.
• pouring viscosity means viscosity measured at a shear rate of 20 s -1 . It can be read off the plot of viscosity vs. shear rate.
• the critical shear stress is the shear stress at which viscosity drops dramatically.
• Lamellar means that liquid crystals within the gel have lipid layers (sheets). Lamellar structures can be detected by polarized light microscope. The majority of these lamellar structures remain in a mixture of sheet and vesicles. Stable lamellar phases are in fact the results of a mixed mesophase. This is where the lamellar phase is coexistent with another elongated micelle phase (isotropic).
• lamellar gels means gels that have lamellar phase structure, either alone or intermixed with isotropic phase (known as L1).
• a lamellar gel shear thinning aqueous detergent liquid comprising from 5 to 25 wt%, preferably 8 to 18 wt%, of a detergent surfactant system, which surfactant system comprises:
• the performance additives are selected from the group comprising: enzymes, polymers, fluorescent whitening agents, shading dyes, encapsulated perfume, encapsulated fabric care materials.
• the composition comprises less than 0.5 wt%, more preferably, zero nonionic surfactant.
• the composition comprises less than 1 wt% soap/fatty acid.
• the SLES 1 EO is the more difficult to make into a stable gel.
• the invention is particularly useful to allow the lower ethoxylation of SLES 1 EO and SLES 2EO to be utilised in the compositions.
• the invention is particularly useful for compositions which comprise SLES 1 EO.
• Addition of the amine oxide provides stable LAS rich relatively low (10% and 15%) active detergent (AD) lamellar gels using as little as 2 wt% citrate as lamellar generator electrolyte.
• AD active detergent
• the resulting liquid compositions are stable, thick and have rheology that can suspend microcapsules, such as perfume encapsulates.
• the alkyl benzene sulphonate is preferably linear alkylbenzene sulphonate.
• Surfactants assist in removing soil from the textile materials and also assist in maintaining removed soil in solution or suspension in the wash liquor.
• Anionic or blends of anionic and nonionic surfactants are a preferred feature of the compositions.
• the amount of anionic surfactant is preferably at least 5 wt%.
• the anionic surfactant forms the majority of the surfactant.
• the composition comprises an alkylbenzene sulphonates, preferably a linear alkylbenzene sulphonate having an alkyl chain length of C 8 -C 15 .
• the counter ion for anionic surfactants is generally an alkali metal, typically sodium, although other counter-ions for example MEA, TEA or ammonium can be used.
• Suitable linear alkyl benzene sulphonate surfactants include Detal LAS with an alkyl chain length of from 8 to 15, more preferably 12 to 14.
• composition further comprises an alkyl polyethoxylate sulphate anionic surfactant of the formula (I): RO(C 2 H 4 0) x SO 3 - M + (I) where R is an alkyl chain having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, M is a cation which makes the compound water-soluble, especially an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, and x averages from 1 to 15.
• R is an alkyl chain having from 12 to 16 carbon atoms
• M is Sodium and x averages from 1 to 3, preferably x is 1;
• SLES sodium lauryl ether sulphate
• It is the sodium salt of lauryl ether sulphonic acid in which the predominantly C12 lauryl alkyl group has been ethoxylated with an average of 1 mole of ethylene oxide per mole.
• nonionic surfactants include primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially C 8 -C 20 aliphatic alcohol ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and more especially the C 10 -C 15 primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
• Non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants also include alkyl polyglycosides, glycerol monoethers and polyhydroxy amides (glucamide). Mixtures of nonionic surfactant may be used. When included therein the composition contains from 0.2 wt% to 10 wt%, preferably less than 1 wt% nonionic.
• compositions comprise at least 1 wt% and prefereably no more than 10 wt% of an amine oxide of the formula (II): R 1 N(O)(CH 2 R 2 ) 2 (II)
• R 1 is a long chain moiety each CH 2 R 2 are short chain moieties.
• R 2 is preferably selected from hydrogen, methyl and -CH 2 OH.
• R 1 is a primary or branched hydrocarbyl moiety which can be saturated or unsaturated, preferably, R 1 is a primary alkyl moiety.
• R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety having chain length of from about 8 to about 18.
• Preferred amine oxides have R 1 is C 8 -C 18 alkyl, and R 2 is H. These amine oxides are illustrated by C 12-14 alkyldimethyl amine oxide, hexadecyl dimethylamine oxide, octadecylamine oxide.
• a preferred amine oxide material is Lauryl dimethylamine oxide, also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide or DDAO. Such an amine oxide material is commercially available from Huntsman under the trade name Empigen® OB.
• Amine oxides suitable for use herein are also available from Akzo Chemie and Ethyl Corp. See McCutcheon's compilation and Kirk-Othmer review article for alternate amine oxide manufacturers.
• R 2 is H
• R 2 may be CH 2 OH, for example: hexadecylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide, tallowbis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide, stearylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide and oleylbis(2- hydroxyethyl)amine oxide.
• Preferred amine oxides have the formula (IV): O - - N + (Me) 2 R 1 (IV) where R 1 is C 12-16 alkyl, preferably C 12-14 alkyl; Me is a methyl group.
• surfactants than the preferred LAS, SLES, and amine oxide may be added to the mixture of detersive surfactants.
• cationic surfactants are preferably substantially absent.
• Some zwitterionic surfactant for example carbobetaine, may be present.
• a preferred zwitterionic material is a carbobetaine available from Huntsman under the name Empigen® BB. Betaines improve particulate soil detergency in the compositions.
• alkyl sulphate surfactant may be used, especially the non-ethoxylated C 12-15 primary and secondary alkyl sulphates.
• the preferred electrolyte is sodium citrate, especially trisodium citrate.
• suitable electrolytes include: Sodium Formate, Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate, Sodium thiosulphate and Sodium sulphite.
• a particularly preferred class of polymer for use in the composition is polyethylene imine, preferably modified polyethylene imine.
• Polyethylene imines are materials composed of ethylene imine units -CH2CH2NH- and, where branched, the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by another chain of ethylene imine units.
• These polyethyleneimines can be prepared, for example, by polymerizing ethyleneimine in the presence of a catalyst for example carbon dioxide, sodium bisulphite, sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and the like. Specific methods for preparing these polyamine backbones are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,182,306, Ulrich et al., issued Dec. 5, 1939 ; U.S. Pat. No.
• the EPEI comprises a polyethyleneimine backbone of about 300 to about 10000 weight average molecular weight; wherein the modification of the polyethyleneimine backbone is intended to leave the polymer without quaternisation.
• Such nonionic EPEI may be represented as PEI(X)YEO where X represents the molecular weight of the unmodified PEI and Y represents the average moles of ethoxylation per nitrogen atom in the polyethyleneimine backbone.
• the ethoxylation may range from 9 to 40 ethoxy moieties per modification, preferably it is in the range of 16 to 26, most preferably 18 to 22.
• the polyethyleneimine polymer is present in the composition preferably at a level of between 0.01 and 25 wt%, but more preferably at a level of at least 2 wt% and/or less than 9.5 wt%, most preferably from 3 to 9 wt% and with a ratio of non-soap surfactant to EPEI of from 2:1 to 7:1, preferably from 3:1 to 6:1, or even to 5:1.
• compositions may include 0.5 wt% or more of a soil release polymer which is substantive to polyester fabric.
• a soil release polymer which is substantive to polyester fabric.
• Such polymers typically have a fabric substantive midblock formed from propylene terephthalate repeat units and one or two end blocks of capped polyalkylene oxide, typically PEG 750 to 2000 with methyl end capping.
• dye transfer inhibition polymers In addition to a soil release polymer there may be used dye transfer inhibition polymers, anti redeposition polymers and cotton soil release polymers, especially those based on modified cellulosic materials.
• At least one or more enzymes may be present in the compositions.
• at least two, more preferably at least three different classes of enzymes are used in combination.
• Lipase is a particularly preferred enzyme.
• the composition preferably contains from about 5 to about 20000 LU/g of a lipase.
• proteases are also preferably present. Suitable proteases include those of animal, vegetable or microbial origin. Microbial origin is preferred.
• Suitable amylases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included.
• Pectate lyases also called polygalacturonate lyases
• pectate lyases include pectate lyases that have been cloned from different bacterial genera for example Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Xanthomonas, as well as from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp.
• Suitable mannanases include mannanases of bacterial and fungal origin.
• the mannanase is derived from a strain of the filamentous fungus genus Aspergillus, preferably Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus aculeatus.
• the enzyme and any perfume/fragrance or pro-fragrance present may show some interaction and should be chosen such that this interaction is not negative. Some negative interactions may be avoided by encapsulation of one or other of enzyme and pro-fragrance and/or other segregation within the product.
• Any enzyme present in the composition may be stabilized using conventional stabilizing agents, e.g., a polyol for example propylene glycol or glycerol, a sugar or sugar alcohol, lactic acid, boric acid, or a boric acid derivative, e.g., an aromatic borate ester, or a phenyl boronic acid derivative for example 4-formylphenyl boronic acid, and the composition may be formulated as described in e.g. WO 92/19709 and WO 92/19708 .
• stabilizing agents e.g., a polyol for example propylene glycol or glycerol, a sugar or sugar alcohol, lactic acid, boric acid, or a boric acid derivative, e.g., an aromatic borate ester, or a phenyl boronic acid derivative for example 4-formylphenyl boronic acid
• a lignin compound may be used in the composition in an amount that can be optimised by trial and error.
• Lignin is a component of all vascular plants, found mostly between cellular structures but also within the cells and in the cell walls.
• the lignin compound comprises a lignin polymer and more preferably it is a modified lignin polymer.
• a modified lignin polymer as used herein is lignin that has been subjected to a chemical reaction to attach chemical moieties to the lignin covalently. The attached chemical moieties are preferably randomly substituted.
• fluorescer in the compositions.
• these fluorescent agents are supplied and used in the form of their alkali metal salts, for example, the sodium salts.
• the total amount of the fluorescent agent or agents used in the composition is generally from 0.005 to 2 wt %, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 wt %.
• Preferred classes of fluorescer are: Di-styryl biphenyl compounds, e.g. Tinopal (Trade Mark) CBS-X, Di-amine stilbene di-sulphonic acid compounds, e.g. Tinopal DMS pure Xtra, Tinopal 5BMGX, and Blankophor (Trade Mark) HRH, and Pyrazoline compounds, e.g. Blankophor SN.
• Di-styryl biphenyl compounds e.g. Tinopal (Trade Mark) CBS-X
• Di-amine stilbene di-sulphonic acid compounds e.g. Tinopal DMS pure Xtra, Tinopal 5BMGX, and Blankophor (Trade Mark) HRH
• Pyrazoline compounds e.g. Blankophor SN.
• Preferred fluorescers are: sodium 2 (4-styryl-3-sulfophenyl)-2H-napthol[1,2-d]triazole, disodium 4,4'-bis ⁇ [(4-anilino-6-(N methyl-N-2 hydroxyethyl) amino 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)]amino ⁇ stilbene-2-2' disulfonate, disodium 4,4'-bis ⁇ [(4-anilino-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)]amino ⁇ stilbene-2-2' disulfonate, and disodium 4,4'-bis(2-sulfoslyryl)biphenyl.
• Compositions may comprise a weight efficient bleach system. Such systems typically do not utilise the conventional percarbonate and bleach activator approach. An air bleach catalyst system is preferred. Suitable complexes and organic molecule (ligand) precursors for forming complexes are available to the skilled worker, for example, from: WO 98/39098 ; WO 98/39406 , WO 97/48787 , WO 00/29537 ; WO 00/52124 , and WO00/60045 , incorporated by reference.
• a preferred catalyst is a transition metal complex of MeN4Py ligand (N,N-bis(pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-1-,1-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1-aminoethane).
• MeN4Py ligand N,N-bis(pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-1-,1-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1-aminoethane.
• Suitable bispidon catalyst materials and their action are described in WO02/48301 .
• the bleach catalyst may be encapsulated to reduce interaction with other components of the liquid during storage.
• Photobleaches may also be employed.
• a "photobleach” is any chemical species that forms a reactive bleaching species on exposure to sunlight, and preferably is not permanently consumed in the reaction.
• Preferred photo-bleaches include singlet oxygen photo-bleaches and radical photo-bleaches.
• Suitable singlet oxygen photo-bleaches may be selected from, water soluble phthalocyanine compounds, particularly metallated phthalocyanine compounds where the metal is Zn or Al-Z1 where Z1 is a halide, sulphate, nitrate, carboxylate, alkanolate or hydroxyl ion.
• the phthalocyanin has 1-4 SO 3 X groups covalently bonded to it where X is an alkali metal or ammonium ion. Such compounds are described in WO2005/014769 (Ciba).
• the bleach catalyst is typically incorporated at a level of about 0.0001 to about 10 wt%, preferably about 0.001 to about 5 wt%.
• a free oil perfume is preferably used.
• a particularly preferred option is to use an encapsulated perfume.
• the perfume is not only encapsulated but also that the encapsulated perfume is provided with a deposition aid to increase the efficiency of perfume deposition and retention on fabrics.
• the deposition aid is preferably attached to the encapsulate by means of a covalent bond, entanglement or strong adsorption, preferably by a covalent bond or entanglement.
• compositions may contain one or more other ingredients.
• ingredients include viscosity modifiers, foam boosting agents, preservatives (e.g. bactericides), pH buffering agents, polyelectrolytes, anti-shrinking agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-oxidants, sunscreens, anti-corrosion agents, drape imparting agents, anti-static agents and ironing aids.
• the compositions may further comprise colorants, pearlisers and/or opacifiers, and shading dye.
• Shading dye can be used to improve the performance of the compositions.
• Preferred dyes are violet or blue. It is believed that the deposition on fabrics of a low level of a dye of these shades, masks yellowing of fabrics.
• a further advantage of shading dyes is that they can be used to mask any yellow tint in the composition itself. Examples of shading dyes are alkoxylated thiophene dyes, acid violet 50, direct violet 35, direct violet 99, direct violet 9, solvent violet 13, disperse violet 28, disperse blue 165.
• Shading dye can be used in the absence of fluorescer, but it is especially preferred to use a shading dye in combination with a fluorescer, for example in order to reduce yellowing due to chemical changes in adsorbed fluorescer.
• the detergent compositions may also optionally contain further organic detergent builder or sequestrant material.
• organic detergent builder or sequestrant material examples include the alkali metal, succinates, malonates, carboxymethyl succinates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and polyacetyl carboxylates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium and lithium salts of oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene and polycarboxylic acids.
• DEQUEST TM organic phosphonate type sequestering agents sold by Monsanto and alkanehydroxy phosphonates.
• suitable organic builders include the higher molecular weight polymers and copolymers known to have builder properties.
• such materials include appropriate polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and polyacrylic/polymaleic acid copolymers and their salts, for example those sold by BASF under the name SOKALAN TM .
• the further organic builder materials may comprise from about 0.5% to 20 wt%, preferably from 1 wt% to 10 wt%, of the composition.
• the preferred further builder level is less than 10 wt% and preferably less than 5 wt% of the composition.
• a preferred sequestrant is HEDP (1-Hydroxyethylidene -1,1,-diphosphonic acid), for example sold as Dequest 2010. Also suitable but less preferred as it gives inferior cleaning results is Dequest® 2066 (Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid or Heptasodium DTPMP).
• buffers are MEA, and TEA. If present they are preferably used in the composition at levels of from 1 to 15 wt%.
• compositions may comprise visual cues of solid material that is not dissolved in the composition.
• Preferred visual cues are lamellar cues formed from polymer film and possibly comprising functional ingredients that may not be as stable if exposed to the alkaline liquid. Enzymes and bleach catalysts are examples of such ingredients. Also perfume, particularly microencapsulated perfume.
• the liquids may be packaged as unit doses in polymeric film adapted to be insoluble until added to the wash water. More preferred the liquids are supplied in multiuse plastics packs with a top or bottom closure. A dosing measure may be supplied with the pack either as a part of the cap or as an integrated system.
• composition was then stability tested for one week (Freeze Thaw: 21°C down to -15°C).
• compositions without any AO lamellar gel stabiliser are comparative (Tables 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11).
• compositions with AO are detailed in Tables 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12.
• the amount of EO in the SLES seems to be important for the formation of lamellar liquids (3EO>2EO>1 EO). Without AO no composition was stable at 10 wt% AD with 1 EO. In the absence of AO, high levels of citrate were needed to stabilise the lamellar gels using 2EO and 3EO. This level of citrate is undesirable for commercial products.

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