EP2767984A1 - Power and/or telecommunication cable - Google Patents

Power and/or telecommunication cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2767984A1
EP2767984A1 EP20140154850 EP14154850A EP2767984A1 EP 2767984 A1 EP2767984 A1 EP 2767984A1 EP 20140154850 EP20140154850 EP 20140154850 EP 14154850 A EP14154850 A EP 14154850A EP 2767984 A1 EP2767984 A1 EP 2767984A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically insulating
insulating layer
layer
cable
surrounding
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Granted
Application number
EP20140154850
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2767984B1 (en
Inventor
Arnaud Allais
Yves Parasie
Christelle Mazel
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/04—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances mica
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power cable and / or telecommunication comprising at least two electrically insulating layers.
  • medium voltage cables designed in particular to remain operational for a defined time when they are subjected to extreme conditions such as fires or floods.
  • cables whether electrical or optical, intended for energy transport or for data transmission comprise at least one conductive element, electrical or optical, surrounded by at least one insulating layer.
  • Medium or high voltage cables may also include an outer semiconductor layer disposed between the outer conductive shield which generally consists of a ribbon or metal braid and the electrically insulating layer.
  • the electrically insulating layer surrounding the inner semiconductor layer generally comprises an extruded mixture of a polymer with mica.
  • this cable comprises a central electrical conductor around which are the following successive layers: a first semiconductor layer; a first extruded insulating layer based on an ethylene-propylene elastomer (EPR) blended with mica, or a base copolymer blended with mica, or a cross-linked polyethylene containing carbon particles; a second semiconductor layer; a third semiconductor layer; a second extruded insulating layer; and a fourth semiconductor.
  • EPR ethylene-propylene elastomer
  • the cables may be subjected to extreme external conditions such as floods or fires that cause in particular changes in the electric field may create partial electrical discharges of the aforementioned type within the insulating layer.
  • the present invention is intended to overcome these major drawbacks by proposing an energy and / or telecommunication cable that can be protected against said partial electric discharges, while having good resistance to extreme external conditions.
  • the electrically insulating layer of the state of the art is thus subdivided into at least two independent electrically insulating layers, each between two semiconductor layers.
  • band layer is understood to mean a layer in the form of a ribbon surrounded around said inner semiconductor layer, to form said first electrically insulating layer.
  • a ribbon is conventionally a long and narrow band of flexible material, intended to be wound around and along the cable of the invention.
  • the layer formed by the winding of the ribbon may or may not include overlapping areas.
  • the other constituent layers of the cable of the invention namely the inner semiconductor layer, the transition semiconductor layer, the second electrically insulating layer, and the outer semiconductor layer may be extruded layers along the cable. of the invention, the extrusion being carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the material or all of the materials making up the first electrically insulating layer has an electrical permittivity distinct from that of the material (s) composing said second electrically insulating layer.
  • the material or all of the materials making up said first electrically insulating layer has an electrical permittivity greater than that of the material (s) composing said second electrically insulating layer.
  • the first electrically insulating layer may be non-flammable and incombustible.
  • the first electrically insulating layer comprises one or more materials allowing it to be fire resistant.
  • Fire resistance is defined in this case as the property enabling an element to retain its physical and mechanical properties, and in particular its electrical insulation properties, for a definite time when it is exposed to high heat or directly fire.
  • the two electrically insulating layers make it possible to attenuate the intensity of the electric field.
  • the first electrically insulating layer thanks to its fire-resistant properties, allows advantageously to ensure continuity of operation of the cable.
  • the first electrically insulating layer may advantageously comprise an inorganic filler resistant to fire.
  • it comprises more than 50% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler, preferably more than 60% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler, and preferably more than 70% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler.
  • the first electrically insulating layer may comprise at most 90% by weight of inorganic filler resistant to fire.
  • the inorganic fire-resistant filler may be mica, which is in particular a non-combustible and non-flammable material.
  • the polymeric binder makes it possible in particular to maintain the inorganic filler on the surface of the woven support.
  • only one of the two faces of the woven support (in the form of a ribbon) comprises the inorganic fire-resistant filler, and more particularly only one of the two faces of the woven support is covered by the inorganic fire-resistant filler.
  • the face of the woven support comprising the inorganic filler is directly in physical contact with the inner semiconductor layer.
  • the face of the woven support not comprising an inorganic filler is more particularly directly in physical contact with the semiconductor transition layer.
  • the second electrically insulating layer of the invention may advantageously be an extruded layer.
  • It may be a polymeric layer obtained from an olefin polymer, such as an ethylene polymer.
  • the second electrically insulating layer does not comprise an inorganic filler such as, for example, a fire-resistant inorganic filler.
  • the second electrically insulating layer is obtained from a composition comprising only one or more commercially available olefin polymers, and optionally a crosslinking agent.
  • the second transition semiconductor layer and the third electrically insulating layer are positioned between the second electrically insulating layer and the outer semiconductor layer.
  • the matrix and the shape of said semiconductor layers are compatible with those of the electrically insulating layers with which they are in contact.
  • the semiconductor layers are preferably also banded.
  • the single figure is a schematic representation in a cross section of the cable according to the invention.
  • the electric cable 1 according to the invention may also comprise an external conductive protection screen (not shown) surrounded by an outer protective sheath (not shown), the external protection screen surrounding the outer semiconductor layer 7.
  • the presence of the semiconductor layers 3, 5, 7 makes it possible to standardize the electric field and to prevent overvoltages. which are capable of causing partial electrical discharges at the interfaces with said electrically insulating layers 4, 6.
  • the cable 1 according to the invention may comprise more than two electrically insulating layers, each separated by a semiconductor transition layer of the aforementioned type.
  • the second transition semiconductor layer and the third electrically insulating layer are positioned between the second electrically insulating layer 6 and the outer semiconductor layer 7.
  • the first electrically insulating layer 4 is composed of a or multiple materials that allow it to be fire resistant. Fire resistance is defined in this case as the property enabling an element to retain its physical and mechanical properties, and in particular its electrical insulation properties, for a definite time when it is exposed to high heat or directly fire.
  • the material (s) of the first electrically insulating layer 4 is (are) preferably non-flammable and incombustible.
  • the first electrically insulating layer 4 is preferably composed of mica which has the particular advantage of being non-flammable and incombustible.
  • the second electrically insulating layer 6 is composed of polyethylene of the XLPE ("Cross-linked polyethylene”) type and / or of polyethylene of the LDPE ("Low-Density Polyethylene” type or low density polyethylene) type and / or of the type TR XLPE ("Tree-Retardant Crosslinked Polyethylene” or cross-linked polyethylene tree retarder) and / or crosslinked polyolefin or not.
  • XLPE Cross-linked polyethylene
  • LDPE Low-Density Polyethylene
  • TR XLPE Te-Retardant Crosslinked Polyethylene
  • the material or all of the materials making up said first electrically insulating layer 4 has an electrical permittivity distinct from or greater than that of the material (s) composing said second electrically insulating layer.
  • the base polymers used in the trade references LE0592, LS4201 R and LE0520 are all LDPEs.
  • the first layer 4 and the second electrically insulating layer 6 can attenuate the intensity of the electric field, thus ensuring the insulation of the cable 1.
  • the second electrically insulating layer 6 composed of XLPE is destroyed under the effect of heat; on the other hand, the first electrically insulating layer 4 made of mica resists fire, which advantageously ensures the continuity of the operation of the cable.
  • the cable 1 according to the invention remains operational for a defined time when it is subjected to high heat and / or directly to fire.
  • the capacity of the cable 1 according to the invention to withstand fire ensures continuity of operation.

Abstract

The power and/or telecommunication cable comprises: a central conducting element (2); an internal semiconductor layer (3) surrounding the central conducting element; a first electrically insulating layer (4) surrounding the internal semiconductor layer; a semi-conductive transition layer surrounding the first electrically insulating layer; a second electrically insulating layer (6) surrounding the transition layer; and an external semiconductor layer (7) surrounding the second electrically insulating layer. The first electrically insulating layer is composed of fire resistant materials. The power and/or telecommunication cable comprises: a central conducting element (2); an internal semiconductor layer (3) surrounding the central conducting element; a first electrically insulating layer (4) surrounding the internal semiconductor layer; a semi-conductive transition layer surrounding the first electrically insulating layer; a second electrically insulating layer (6) surrounding the transition layer; and an external semiconductor layer (7) surrounding the second electrically insulating layer. A material of the first electrically insulating layer has an electric permittivity higher than that of a material of the second electrically insulating layer. The first electrically insulating layer is composed of fire resistant materials. The cable further comprises: a second semi-conductive transition layer surrounding the second electrically insulating layer; a third electrically insulating layer surrounding the second semi-conductive transition layer; an external protective screen surrounding the external semiconductor layer; and a sheath surrounding the external protective screen.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un câble d'énergie et/ou de télécommunication comportant au moins deux couches électriquement isolantes.The present invention relates to a power cable and / or telecommunication comprising at least two electrically insulating layers.

Elle s'applique notamment, mais non exclusivement, aux câbles moyenne tension destinés notamment à rester opérationnels pendant un temps défini lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des conditions extrêmes telles que des incendies ou des inondations.It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to medium voltage cables designed in particular to remain operational for a defined time when they are subjected to extreme conditions such as fires or floods.

On sait que les câbles, qu'ils soient électriques ou optiques, destinés au transport d'énergie ou à la transmission de données comprennent au moins un élément conducteur, électrique ou optique, entouré par au moins une couche isolante.It is known that cables, whether electrical or optical, intended for energy transport or for data transmission comprise at least one conductive element, electrical or optical, surrounded by at least one insulating layer.

On sait également que les câbles moyenne ou haute tension comportent généralement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur :

  • un élément conducteur central réalisé généralement en cuivre ou en aluminium ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice interne entourant ledit élément conducteur central et réalisée généralement en un matériau polymère électriquement conducteur ;
  • une couche électriquement isolante entourant ladite couche semi-conductrice interne ;
  • un écran de protection externe conducteur entourant ladite couche isolante ;
  • une gaine entourant ledit écran de protection externe.
It is also known that medium or high voltage cables generally comprise from the inside to the outside:
  • a central conductive element generally made of copper or aluminum;
  • an inner semiconductor layer surrounding said central conductive element and generally made of an electrically conductive polymer material;
  • an electrically insulating layer surrounding said inner semiconductor layer;
  • an external conductive shield surrounding said insulating layer;
  • a sheath surrounding said outer shield.

Les câbles moyenne ou haute tension peuvent également comprendre une couche semi-conductrice externe disposée entre l'écran de protection externe conducteur qui consiste généralement en un ruban ou en une tresse métallique et la couche électriquement isolante.Medium or high voltage cables may also include an outer semiconductor layer disposed between the outer conductive shield which generally consists of a ribbon or metal braid and the electrically insulating layer.

La couche électriquement isolante entourant la couche semi-conductrice interne comporte généralement un mélange extrudé d'un polymère avec du mica.The electrically insulating layer surrounding the inner semiconductor layer generally comprises an extruded mixture of a polymer with mica.

A titre d'exemple, on peut citer le document GB-2 165 689 qui décrit un câble électrique comprenant deux ou plusieurs couches isolantes extrudées. Plus particulièrement, ce câble comprend un conducteur électrique centrale autour duquel se trouve les couches successives suivantes : une première couche semi-conductrice ; une première couche isolante extrudée à base d'un élastomère d'éthylène et de propylène (EPR) mélangé avec du mica, ou d'un copolymère de base mélangé avec du mica, ou d'un polyéthylène réticulé contenant des particules de carbone ; une seconde couche semi-conductrice ; une troisième couche semi-conductrice ; une seconde couche isolante extrudée ; et une quatrième semi-conductrice.By way of example, mention may be made of the document GB-2,165,689 which describes an electrical cable comprising two or more extruded insulating layers. More particularly, this cable comprises a central electrical conductor around which are the following successive layers: a first semiconductor layer; a first extruded insulating layer based on an ethylene-propylene elastomer (EPR) blended with mica, or a base copolymer blended with mica, or a cross-linked polyethylene containing carbon particles; a second semiconductor layer; a third semiconductor layer; a second extruded insulating layer; and a fourth semiconductor.

Il s'avère toutefois que l'utilisation d'un mélange extrudé d'un polymère avec du mica, en raison notamment de l'absence d'homogénéité et d'isotropie dudit mélange, notamment au niveau des interfaces avec les autres couches, peut provoquer une absence de matière à des endroits déterminés se traduisant par exemple par la présence de bulles d'air. Cette absence de matière peut engendrer des décharges électriques localisées en raison d'une augmentation de la valeur du champ électrique au niveau de ces espaces vides, au-delà de la limite de rigidité diélectrique, l'intensité du champ électrique variant en fonction de la tension électrique appliquée.However, it turns out that the use of an extruded mixture of a polymer with mica, especially because of the lack of homogeneity and isotropy of said mixture, especially at the interfaces with the other layers, can cause an absence of material at specific locations resulting for example by the presence of air bubbles. This absence of material can cause localized electric discharges due to an increase in the value of the electric field at these empty spaces, beyond the limit of dielectric strength, the intensity of the electric field varying according to the applied voltage.

Il s'avère également que les câbles peuvent être soumis à des conditions extérieures extrêmes telles que des inondations ou des incendies qui provoquent notamment des modifications du champ électrique susceptibles de créer des décharges électriques partielles du type susdit au sein de la couche isolante.It also turns out that the cables may be subjected to extreme external conditions such as floods or fires that cause in particular changes in the electric field may create partial electrical discharges of the aforementioned type within the insulating layer.

La présente invention a notamment pour objet de remédier à ces inconvénients majeurs en proposant un câble d'énergie et/ou de télécommunication pouvant être protégé contre lesdites décharges électriques partielles, tout en présentant une bonne résistance à des conditions extérieures extrêmes.The present invention is intended to overcome these major drawbacks by proposing an energy and / or telecommunication cable that can be protected against said partial electric discharges, while having good resistance to extreme external conditions.

A cet effet, elle propose un câble d'énergie et/ou de télécommunication, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :

  • au moins un élément conducteur central ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice interne entourant l'élément conducteur central ;
  • une première couche électriquement isolante entourant ladite couche semi-conductrice interne, cette première couche étant une couche rubanée autour de ladite couche semi-conductrice interne ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice de transition entourant ladite première couche électriquement isolante ;
  • une seconde couche électriquement isolante entourant la couche semi-conductrice de transition ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice externe entourant ladite seconde couche électriquement isolante.
For this purpose, it proposes an energy and / or telecommunication cable, characterized in that it comprises:
  • at least one central conductive element;
  • an inner semiconductor layer surrounding the central conductive element;
  • a first electrically insulating layer surrounding said inner semiconductor layer, said first layer being a banded layer around said inner semiconductor layer;
  • a semiconductor transition layer surrounding said first electrically insulating layer;
  • a second electrically insulating layer surrounding the semiconductor transition layer;
  • an outer semiconductor layer surrounding said second electrically insulating layer.

De cette façon, la présence des couches semi-conductrices permet de prévenir l'apparition de décharges électriques partielles au niveau de l'interface entre ces dernières et les couches électriquement isolantes. La couche électriquement isolante de l'état de l'art est ainsi subdivisée en au moins deux couches électriquement isolantes indépendantes, comprises chacune entre deux couches semi-conductrices.In this way, the presence of the semiconductor layers prevents the appearance of partial electrical discharges at the interface between the latter and the electrically insulating layers. The electrically insulating layer of the state of the art is thus subdivided into at least two independent electrically insulating layers, each between two semiconductor layers.

Dans la présente description, on entend par l'expression « couche rubanée » une couche sous la forme d'un ruban entouré autour de ladite couche semi-conductrice interne, pour former ladite première couche électriquement isolante.In the present description, the term "band layer" is understood to mean a layer in the form of a ribbon surrounded around said inner semiconductor layer, to form said first electrically insulating layer.

Dans la présente invention, un ruban est classiquement une bande longue et étroite d'un matériau souple, destinée à être enroulée autour et le long du câble de l'invention. La couche formée par l'enroulement du ruban peut comprendre ou non des zones de recouvrement.In the present invention, a ribbon is conventionally a long and narrow band of flexible material, intended to be wound around and along the cable of the invention. The layer formed by the winding of the ribbon may or may not include overlapping areas.

Les autres couches constitutives du câble de l'invention, à savoir la couche semi-conductrice interne, la couche semi-conductrice de transition, la seconde couche électriquement isolante, et la couche semi-conductrice externe peuvent être des couches extrudées le long du câble de l'invention, l'extrusion étant réalisée par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier.The other constituent layers of the cable of the invention, namely the inner semiconductor layer, the transition semiconductor layer, the second electrically insulating layer, and the outer semiconductor layer may be extruded layers along the cable. of the invention, the extrusion being carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

Selon une variante d'exécution de l'invention, le matériau ou l'ensemble des matériaux composant la première couche électriquement isolante présente une permittivité électrique distincte de celle du (des) matériau(x) composant ladite seconde couche électriquement isolante.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the material or all of the materials making up the first electrically insulating layer has an electrical permittivity distinct from that of the material (s) composing said second electrically insulating layer.

Préférentiellement, le matériau ou l'ensemble des matériaux composant ladite première couche électriquement isolante présente une permittivité électrique supérieure à celle du (des) matériau(x) composant ladite seconde couche électriquement isolante.Preferably, the material or all of the materials making up said first electrically insulating layer has an electrical permittivity greater than that of the material (s) composing said second electrically insulating layer.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la première couche électriquement isolante peut être ininflammable et incombustible.In a particular embodiment, the first electrically insulating layer may be non-flammable and incombustible.

De manière préférentielle, la première couche électriquement isolante comprend un ou plusieurs matériaux lui permettant d'être résistant au feu. La résistance au feu est définie en l'espèce comme étant la propriété permettant à un élément de conserver ses propriétés physiques et mécaniques, et notamment ses propriétés d'isolation électrique, pendant un temps défini lorsqu'il est exposé à de fortes chaleurs ou directement au feu. De cette manière, dans une situation courante d'exploitation du câble, à savoir typiquement à température ambiante et dans un milieu considéré comme sain, les deux couches électriquement isolantes permettent d'atténuer l'intensité du champ électrique.Preferably, the first electrically insulating layer comprises one or more materials allowing it to be fire resistant. Fire resistance is defined in this case as the property enabling an element to retain its physical and mechanical properties, and in particular its electrical insulation properties, for a definite time when it is exposed to high heat or directly fire. In this way, in a current situation of cable operation, namely typically at ambient temperature and in an environment considered as healthy, the two electrically insulating layers make it possible to attenuate the intensity of the electric field.

Dans l'hypothèse où le câble est exposé à une situation exceptionnelle telle qu'un incendie, même si la seconde couche électriquement isolante est détruite par le feu, la première couche électriquement isolante, grâce à ses propriétés lui permettant de résister au feu, permet avantageusement d'assurer une continuité du fonctionnement du câble.In the event that the cable is exposed to an exceptional situation such as a fire, even if the second electrically insulating layer is destroyed by fire, the first electrically insulating layer, thanks to its fire-resistant properties, allows advantageously to ensure continuity of operation of the cable.

Plus particulièrement, la première couche électriquement isolante peut comprendre avantageusement une charge inorganique résistante au feu. Notamment, elle comprend plus de 50% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu, de préférence plus de 60% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu, et de préférence plus de 70% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu. De préférence, la première couche électriquement isolante peut comprendre au plus 90% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu.More particularly, the first electrically insulating layer may advantageously comprise an inorganic filler resistant to fire. In particular, it comprises more than 50% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler, preferably more than 60% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler, and preferably more than 70% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler. Preferably, the first electrically insulating layer may comprise at most 90% by weight of inorganic filler resistant to fire.

A titre d'exemple, la charge inorganique résistante au feu peut être le mica, qui est notamment une matière incombustible et ininflammable.By way of example, the inorganic fire-resistant filler may be mica, which is in particular a non-combustible and non-flammable material.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, la première couche électriquement isolante est un ruban comprenant :

  • ladite charge inorganique résistante au feu,
  • un support tissé sous la forme d'un ruban, le support tissé étant notamment de type inorganique tel qu'un support de fibres de verre, et
  • un liant polymérique, notamment du type polymère inorganique tel que par exemple un polyorganosiloxane.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the first electrically insulating layer is a ribbon comprising:
  • said inorganic fire-resistant filler,
  • a woven support in the form of a ribbon, the woven support being in particular of inorganic type such as a fiberglass support, and
  • a polymeric binder, especially of the inorganic polymer type such as for example a polyorganosiloxane.

Le liant polymérique permet notamment de maintenir la charge inorganique sur la surface du support tissé.The polymeric binder makes it possible in particular to maintain the inorganic filler on the surface of the woven support.

De préférence, une seule des deux faces du support tissé (sous forme de ruban) comprend la charge inorganique résistante au feu, et plus particulièrement une seule des deux faces du support tissé est recouverte par la charge inorganique résistante au feu.Preferably, only one of the two faces of the woven support (in the form of a ribbon) comprises the inorganic fire-resistant filler, and more particularly only one of the two faces of the woven support is covered by the inorganic fire-resistant filler.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la face du support tissé comprenant la charge inorganique se trouve directement en contact physique avec la couche semi-conductrice interne. De ce fait, la face du support tissé ne comprenant pas de charge inorganique se trouve plus particulièrement directement en contact physique avec la couche semi-conductrice de transition. Cette structure permet au câble de l'invention d'optimiser sa résistance au feu en intercalant la charge inorganique entre le support tissé et la couche semi-conductrice interne. L'installation de la première couche électriquement isolante s'en trouve également facilité par un plus grand rayon de courbure.In a particular embodiment, the face of the woven support comprising the inorganic filler is directly in physical contact with the inner semiconductor layer. As a result, the face of the woven support not comprising an inorganic filler is more particularly directly in physical contact with the semiconductor transition layer. This structure allows the cable of the invention to optimize its fire resistance by interposing the inorganic filler between the woven support and the inner semiconductor layer. The installation of the first electrically insulating layer is also facilitated by a larger radius of curvature.

La seconde couche électriquement isolante de l'invention peut être avantageusement une couche extrudée.The second electrically insulating layer of the invention may advantageously be an extruded layer.

Elle peut être une couche polymérique obtenue à partir d'un polymère d'oléfine, tel qu'un polymère d'éthylène.It may be a polymeric layer obtained from an olefin polymer, such as an ethylene polymer.

De préférence, la seconde couche électriquement isolante ne comprend pas de charge inorganique telle que par exemple de charge inorganique résistante au feu. De manière particulièrement préférée, la seconde couche électriquement isolante est obtenue à partir d'une composition comprenant uniquement un ou plusieurs polymères d'oléfine commercialement disponible(s), et optionnellement un agent de réticulation.Preferably, the second electrically insulating layer does not comprise an inorganic filler such as, for example, a fire-resistant inorganic filler. Particularly preferably, the second electrically insulating layer is obtained from a composition comprising only one or more commercially available olefin polymers, and optionally a crosslinking agent.

Selon une première variante, la seconde couche électriquement isolante comprend du polyéthylène du type XLPE (« Cross-linked polyethylene »). Selon une seconde variante, la seconde couche électriquement isolante est composée de polyéthylène du type LDPE (« Low-Density polyethylene »). Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le câble selon l'invention peut comprendre en outre :

  • une seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition entourant la seconde couche électriquement isolante ; et
  • une troisième couche électriquement isolante entourant la seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition.
According to a first variant, the second electrically insulating layer comprises polyethylene of the XLPE ("cross-linked polyethylene") type. According to a second variant, the second electrically insulating layer is composed of polyethylene of LDPE ("Low-Density Polyethylene") type. In a particular embodiment, the cable according to the invention may furthermore comprise:
  • a second transition semiconductor layer surrounding the second electrically insulating layer; and
  • a third electrically insulating layer surrounding the second semiconductor transition layer.

Plus particulièrement, la seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition et la troisième couche électriquement isolante sont positionnées entre la seconde couche électriquement isolante et la couche semi-conductrice externe.More particularly, the second transition semiconductor layer and the third electrically insulating layer are positioned between the second electrically insulating layer and the outer semiconductor layer.

De manière préférentielle, le câble selon l'invention comporte en outre :

  • un écran de protection externe conducteur entourant ladite couche semi-conductrice externe, qui consiste généralement en un ruban ou en une tresse métallique ; et
  • une gaine entourant ledit écran de protection externe.
Preferably, the cable according to the invention further comprises:
  • an external conductive shield surrounding said outer semiconductor layer, which generally consists of a ribbon or a metal braid; and
  • a sheath surrounding said outer shield.

De manière préférentielle, la matrice et la forme desdites couches semi-conductrices sont compatibles avec celles des couches électriquement isolantes avec lesquelles elles sont en contact. Dans l'hypothèse où les couches électriquement isolantes sont rubanées, les couches semi-conductrices sont préférentiellement également rubanées.Preferably, the matrix and the shape of said semiconductor layers are compatible with those of the electrically insulating layers with which they are in contact. In the event that the electrically insulating layers are banded, the semiconductor layers are preferably also banded.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lumière des exemples qui vont suivre en référence à la figure ci-annexée, lesdits exemples et figure étant donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif.Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the light of the examples which follow with reference to the appended figure, said examples and figure being given for illustrative and not limiting.

La figure unique est une représentation schématique selon une coupe transversale du câble selon l'invention.The single figure is a schematic representation in a cross section of the cable according to the invention.

Le câble électrique 1, représenté selon une coupe transversale sur la figure unique, comporte notamment de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur :

  • un élément conducteur central 2 ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice interne 3 entourant ledit élément conducteur central 2 ;
  • une première couche 4 électriquement isolante entourant ladite couche semi-conductrice interne 3 ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice de transition 5 entourant ladite première couche 4 électriquement isolante ;
  • une seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante entourant la couche semi-conductrice de transition 5 ;
  • une couche semi-conductrice externe 7 entourant ladite seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante.
The electric cable 1, shown in cross section in the single figure, comprises in particular from the inside to the outside:
  • a central conductive element 2;
  • an inner semiconductor layer 3 surrounding said central conductive element 2;
  • a first electrically insulating layer 4 surrounding said inner semiconductor layer 3;
  • a transition semiconductor layer 5 surrounding said first electrically insulating layer 4;
  • a second electrically insulating layer 6 surrounding the semiconductor transition layer 5;
  • an outer semiconductor layer 7 surrounding said second electrically insulating layer 6.

Préférentiellement, le câble électrique 1 selon l'invention peut également comprendre un écran de protection externe conducteur (non représenté) entouré par une gaine extérieure de protection (non représentée), l'écran de protection externe entourant la couche semi-conductrice externe 7.Preferably, the electric cable 1 according to the invention may also comprise an external conductive protection screen (not shown) surrounded by an outer protective sheath (not shown), the external protection screen surrounding the outer semiconductor layer 7.

De cette façon, notamment dans l'hypothèse où les deux couches 4, 6 électriquement isolantes n'ont pas la même composition, la présence des couches semi-conductrices 3, 5, 7 permet d'uniformiser le champ électrique et de prévenir les surtensions qui sont susceptibles de provoquer des décharges électriques partielles au niveau des interfaces avec lesdites couches 4, 6 électriquement isolantes.In this way, especially in the case where the two electrically insulating layers 4, 6 do not have the same composition, the presence of the semiconductor layers 3, 5, 7 makes it possible to standardize the electric field and to prevent overvoltages. which are capable of causing partial electrical discharges at the interfaces with said electrically insulating layers 4, 6.

Selon une variante d'exécution, le câble 1 selon l'invention peut comporter plus de deux couches électriquement isolantes, séparées chacune par une couche semi-conductrice de transition du type susdit.According to an alternative embodiment, the cable 1 according to the invention may comprise more than two electrically insulating layers, each separated by a semiconductor transition layer of the aforementioned type.

Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, le câble 1 selon l'invention peut comprendre :

  • une seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition entourant la seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante ; et
  • une troisième couche électriquement isolante entourant la seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition.
Thus, by way of example, the cable 1 according to the invention can comprise:
  • a second transition semiconductor layer surrounding the second electrically insulating layer; and
  • a third electrically insulating layer surrounding the second semiconductor transition layer.

Plus particulièrement, la seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition et la troisième couche électriquement isolante sont positionnées entre la seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante et la couche semi-conductrice externe 7. De manière préférentielle, la première couche 4 électriquement isolante est composée d'un ou de plusieurs matériaux lui permettant d'être résistant au feu. La résistance au feu est définie en l'espèce comme étant la propriété permettant à un élément de conserver ses propriétés physiques et mécaniques, et notamment ses propriétés d'isolation électrique, pendant un temps défini lorsqu'il est exposé à de fortes chaleurs ou directement au feu. Ainsi, le(s) matériau(x) de la première couche 4 électriquement isolante est (sont) de préférence non inflammables et incombustibles.More particularly, the second transition semiconductor layer and the third electrically insulating layer are positioned between the second electrically insulating layer 6 and the outer semiconductor layer 7. Preferably, the first electrically insulating layer 4 is composed of a or multiple materials that allow it to be fire resistant. Fire resistance is defined in this case as the property enabling an element to retain its physical and mechanical properties, and in particular its electrical insulation properties, for a definite time when it is exposed to high heat or directly fire. Thus, the material (s) of the first electrically insulating layer 4 is (are) preferably non-flammable and incombustible.

La première couche 4 électriquement isolante est préférentiellement composée de mica qui présente notamment l'avantage d'être ininflammable et incombustible.The first electrically insulating layer 4 is preferably composed of mica which has the particular advantage of being non-flammable and incombustible.

La seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante est composée de polyéthylène du type XLPE (« Cross-linked polyethylene ») et/ou de polyéthylène du type LDPE (« Low-Density polyethylene » en langue anglaise ou polyéthylène à faible densité) et/ou du type TR XLPE (« Tree-Retardant Crosslinked Polyethylene » en langue anglaise ou polyéthylène réticulé retardateur d'arborescence) et/ou de polyoléfine réticulé ou non.The second electrically insulating layer 6 is composed of polyethylene of the XLPE ("Cross-linked polyethylene") type and / or of polyethylene of the LDPE ("Low-Density Polyethylene" type or low density polyethylene) type and / or of the type TR XLPE ("Tree-Retardant Crosslinked Polyethylene" or cross-linked polyethylene tree retarder) and / or crosslinked polyolefin or not.

De manière préférentielle, le matériau ou l'ensemble des matériaux composant ladite première couche 4 électriquement isolante présente une permittivité électrique distincte de ou supérieure à celle du (des) matériau(x) composant ladite seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante.Preferably, the material or all of the materials making up said first electrically insulating layer 4 has an electrical permittivity distinct from or greater than that of the material (s) composing said second electrically insulating layer.

A titre d'exemple,

  • la couche semi-conductrice interne 3 peut être une couche extrudée, obtenue à partir de la référence LE0592 commercialisée par la société Boréalis ;
  • la première couche 4 électriquement isolante peut être le ruban référencé Cablosam PG130 et commercialisé par la société Von Roll ;
  • la couche semi-conductrice de transition 5 peut être une couche extrudée, obtenue à partir de la référence LE0592 commercialisée par la société Boréalis ;
  • la seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante peut être une couche extrudée et réticulée, obtenue à partir de la référence LS4201 R commercialisée par la société Boréalis ; et
  • la couche semi-conductrice externe 7 peut être une couche extrudée, obtenue à partir de la référence LE0520 ou LE0592, ces références étant commercialisées par la société Boréalis.
For exemple,
  • the inner semiconducting layer 3 may be an extruded layer, obtained from the reference LE0592 marketed by Boréalis;
  • the first electrically insulating layer 4 may be the tape referenced Cablosam PG130 and sold by the company Von Roll;
  • the transition semiconductor layer 5 may be an extruded layer, obtained from the reference LE0592 marketed by Boréalis;
  • the second electrically insulating layer 6 may be an extruded and crosslinked layer obtained from the reference LS4201 R marketed by Boréalis; and
  • the outer semiconductor layer 7 may be an extruded layer, obtained from the reference LE0520 or LE0592, these references being marketed by Boréalis.

Les polymères de base utilisés dans les références commerciales LE0592, LS4201 R et LE0520 sont tous des LDPE.The base polymers used in the trade references LE0592, LS4201 R and LE0520 are all LDPEs.

Par conséquent, dans une situation courante d'exploitation du câble 1, la première couche 4 et la seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante permettent d'atténuer l'intensité du champ électrique, assurant ainsi l'isolation du câble 1. Dans l'hypothèse où le câble 1 selon l'invention est exposé à un incendie, la seconde couche 6 électriquement isolante composée de XLPE est détruite sous l'effet de la chaleur ; par contre, la première couche 4 électriquement isolante composée de mica résiste au feu, ce qui assure avantageusement la continuité du fonctionnement du câble. Ainsi, de manière avantageuse, le câble 1 selon l'invention reste opérationnel pendant un temps défini lorsqu'il est soumis à de fortes chaleurs et/ou directement au feu. La capacité du câble 1 selon l'invention à résister au feu permet d'assurer une continuité de fonctionnement.Therefore, in a current cable operating situation 1, the first layer 4 and the second electrically insulating layer 6 can attenuate the intensity of the electric field, thus ensuring the insulation of the cable 1. In the event that the cable 1 according to the invention is exposed to a fire, the second electrically insulating layer 6 composed of XLPE is destroyed under the effect of heat; on the other hand, the first electrically insulating layer 4 made of mica resists fire, which advantageously ensures the continuity of the operation of the cable. Thus, advantageously, the cable 1 according to the invention remains operational for a defined time when it is subjected to high heat and / or directly to fire. The capacity of the cable 1 according to the invention to withstand fire ensures continuity of operation.

Claims (15)

Câble (1) d'énergie et/ou de télécommunication, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : • au moins un élément conducteur central (2) ; • une couche semi-conductrice interne (3) entourant l'élément conducteur central (2) ; • une première couche (4) électriquement isolante entourant ladite couche semi-conductrice interne (3), cette première couche étant une couche rubanée autour de ladite couche semi-conductrice interne (3) ; • une couche semi-conductrice de transition (5) entourant ladite première couche (4) électriquement isolante ; • une seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante entourant la couche semi-conductrice de transition (5) ; • une couche semi-conductrice externe (7) entourant ladite seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante. Cable (1) for energy and / or telecommunications, characterized in that it comprises: At least one central conductive element (2); An inner semiconductor layer (3) surrounding the central conductive element (2); A first electrically insulating layer (4) surrounding said inner semiconductor layer (3), said first layer being a band layer around said inner semiconductor layer (3); A transition semiconductor layer (5) surrounding said first electrically insulating layer (4); A second electrically insulating layer (6) surrounding the semiconductor transition layer (5); An outer semiconductor layer (7) surrounding said second electrically insulating layer (6). Câble (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau ou l'ensemble des matériaux composant la première couche (4) électriquement isolante présente une permittivité électrique distincte de celle du (des) matériau(x) composant ladite seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante.Cable (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the material or the set of materials making up the first electrically insulating layer (4) has an electrical permittivity distinct from that of the material (s) composing said second layer ( 6) electrically insulating. Câble (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau ou l'ensemble des matériaux composant la première couche (4) électriquement isolante présente une permittivité électrique supérieure à celle du (des) matériau(x) composant ladite seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante.Cable (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material or all of the materials making up the first electrically insulating layer (4) has an electrical permittivity greater than that of the material (s) composing said second layer (6) electrically insulating. Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche (4) électriquement isolante est ininflammable et incombustible.Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (4) electrically insulating is non-flammable and incombustible. Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche (4) électriquement isolante comprend une charge inorganique résistante au feu.Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrically insulating layer (4) comprises an inorganic filler resistant to fire. Câble (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la première couche (4) électriquement isolante comprend plus de 50% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu, de préférence plus de 60% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu, et de préférence plus de 70% en poids de charge inorganique résistante au feu.Cable (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first electrically insulating layer (4) comprises more than 50% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler, preferably more than 60% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler, and preferably more than 70% by weight of inorganic fire-resistant filler. Câble (1) selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la charge inorganique résistante au feu est le mica.Cable (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the inorganic fire-resistant filler is mica. Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche (4) électriquement isolante est un ruban comprenant : - ladite charge inorganique résistante au feu, - un support tissé sous forme de ruban, et - un liant polymérique. Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrically insulating layer (4) is a ribbon comprising: - said inorganic fire-resistant filler, a woven support in the form of a ribbon, and a polymeric binder. Câble (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une seule des deux faces du support tissé comprend la charge inorganique résistante au feu.Cable (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that only one of the two faces of the woven support comprises the inorganic fire-resistant filler. Câble (1) selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la face du support tissé comprenant la charge inorganique se trouve directement en contact physique avec la couche semi-conductrice interne (3).Cable (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the face of the woven support comprising the inorganic filler is directly in physical contact with the inner semiconductor layer (3). Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante est une couche polymérique obtenue à partir d'un polymère d'oléfine.Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second electrically insulating layer (6) is a polymeric layer obtained from an olefin polymer. Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante ne comprend pas de charge inorganique.Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second electrically insulating layer (6) does not comprise any inorganic filler. Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante est composée de polyéthylène du type XLPE (« Cross-linked polyethylene »).Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second electrically insulating layer (6) is composed of XLPE-type polyethylene ("Cross-linked polyethylene"). Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante est composée de polyéthylène du type LDPE (« Low-Density polyethylene »).Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second electrically insulating layer (6) is made of LDPE-type polyethylene ("Low-Density Polyethylene"). Câble (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre : • une seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition entourant la seconde couche (6) électriquement isolante ; et • une troisième couche électriquement isolante entourant la seconde couche semi-conductrice de transition. Cable (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises: A second transition semiconductor layer surrounding the second electrically insulating layer (6); and A third electrically insulating layer surrounding the second semiconductor transition layer.
EP14154850.3A 2013-02-13 2014-02-12 Power and/or telecommunication cable Active EP2767984B1 (en)

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WO2016092200A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Nexans Cable or cable accessory comprising a fire-resistant layer

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CN105976907A (en) * 2016-07-22 2016-09-28 浙江秦山电缆有限公司 High-flame-retardant high-insulation-resistance low-smoke zero-halogen cable power line and preparation process thereof

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US3792192A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-02-12 Anaconda Co Electrical cable
GB2165689A (en) 1984-10-08 1986-04-16 Ass Elect Ind High voltage cables

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CN201629181U (en) * 2010-03-29 2010-11-10 云南云缆电缆(集团)有限公司 Direct current cable with flame resistance, fire resistance, low smoke, no halogen, water prevention, mouse prevention, weather resistance and energy saving

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US3792192A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-02-12 Anaconda Co Electrical cable
GB2165689A (en) 1984-10-08 1986-04-16 Ass Elect Ind High voltage cables

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016092200A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Nexans Cable or cable accessory comprising a fire-resistant layer
FR3030100A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-17 Nexans CABLE OR ACCESSORY FOR CABLE COMPRISING A FIRE RESISTANT LAYER

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