EP2767759A1 - Boiler and method of feeding of fuels, particularly straw bales in the boiler - Google Patents

Boiler and method of feeding of fuels, particularly straw bales in the boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2767759A1
EP2767759A1 EP14466003.2A EP14466003A EP2767759A1 EP 2767759 A1 EP2767759 A1 EP 2767759A1 EP 14466003 A EP14466003 A EP 14466003A EP 2767759 A1 EP2767759 A1 EP 2767759A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
closing plate
combustion
boiler
boiler according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP14466003.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tomás Kaspar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Step TRUTNOV AS
Original Assignee
Step TRUTNOV AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Step TRUTNOV AS filed Critical Step TRUTNOV AS
Publication of EP2767759A1 publication Critical patent/EP2767759A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/10—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/10—Waste feed arrangements using ram or pusher
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/004—Feeding devices with reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/03001—Airlock sections in solid fuel supply lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler, more specifically the boiler for combustion of fuels in the form of biomass, including but not limited to full biomass bales.
  • the devices also include boilers that allow combustion of straw bales.
  • the devices can be divided into the devices that include a device for straw feeding from bale before feeding of the combustion straw to a combustion chamber and the devices that allow placing of full straw bales in the combustion chamber.
  • the device for combustion of mass of vegetable origin described in the patent document CS 228635 .
  • the device includes a compression chamber joined to a bin with loosely stored fuel.
  • the compression chamber is fitted with a compression screw on a hollow shaft, wherein the shaft is connected to air supply and terminated in the combustion chamber to which output of the combustion chamber is terminated as well.
  • a disadvantage of the device is that the used compression screw allows mass feeding that consists of small particles and feeding of e.g. full straw bales is thus impossible.
  • the utility design CZ 4408 describes a combustion chamber for combustion of wooden waste, scutch woody parts, and other flammable waste material, consisting of vertical front wall with fuel input, vertical rear wall and horizontal ceiling designed as water-tube system connected to a pressure section of the boiler, vertical side walls made from refractory material and grate in the lower part where there is a fixed grate in the combustion chamber in its one sixth up to one half of the combustion chamber as measured between the front and rear side in the front wall under the fuel entry located on the front wall, whereas the grate has cascade design and made from ceramic blocks shaped in flat cuboid and the blocks have grooves on the lower side, whereas inclination of the cascade goes from the front wall to the rear wall at 3 to 40 degrees and a movable grate joins the fixed grate.
  • the fuel supply uses a fixed hopper and a portable bin. This is the main disadvantage of this technical solution, which makes it unusable for industrial large-scale use but usable for small combustion devices
  • Another utility design CZ 11182 describes a boiler for combustion of biomass connected to a heat exchanger, where the vertical boiler chamber is connected to the vertical heat exchanger section, arranged sidewise next to the vertical chamber with sealing arranged on the dividing plane.
  • the heat exchanger section is suspended in swinging motion on the boiler case using a rocker consisting of a triangular swinging connecting member connected to the connecting bolt and an angular brace rod, wherein the triangular swinging member has its upper point pivotally connected with the heat exchanger section and lower point connected to the connecting bolt fixed to the boiler case and holding stability of the rocker, and the other lower point is pivotally supported with the upper end of angular brace rod with its lower point pivotally connected to a base.
  • a disadvantage of the structure is that it is too complex and requires high production costs.
  • a device for combustion of full straw bales is also known from the utility design CZ 16473 .
  • This device is fitted with a suction fan for combustion products and combustion products pipeline.
  • the combustion chamber is bounded by a dividing wall and rear wall and located inside a shell built on the base plate with left wall, right wall and ceiling, pre-chamber is in addition bounded by opening front wall and dividing wall, left wall, right wall and ceiling and the rear wall equals in height to the shell up to the ceiling under which there are combustion products holes in the rear wall.
  • the dividing wall is shortened and one or multiple tubes connected under the dividing walls to right and left wall with clearance are fitted under the shortening, then there is an adjustable movable grate above the base plate in the inclination from opening front wall to rear walls, wherein the grate partially overlaps to the combustion chamber and there is space for straw supply to the combustion chamber between the upper area of adjustable movable grate and a lowest placed tube.
  • the pre-chamber space is closed with the adjustable movable grate in the lower section, but the combustion chamber is defined in the lower section by the adjustable movable grates behind the dividing wall only and an ash-tray is located on the base area by the rear wall and combustion products duct is made behind the combustion product hole.
  • the patent CZ 302597 describes a boiler for combustion of biomass in the form of straw bales, which includes a pre-chamber, combustion chamber, and a heat exchanger. Folding loading gates are mounted on the pre-chamber that rotate around the rotation point located on their lower section. Disadvantage of the boiler is that the next straw bale can be supplied only after combustion of previous straw bale almost finishes. This breaches continuity of operation, wherein uncontrolled burning occurs during loading resulting in increased volume of hazardous substances in combustion products that may exceed pre-determined limits in extreme cases resulting in putting the boiler out of operation.
  • the aim of the invention is achieving of a boiler structure for continuous combustion of full biomass bales, wherein trouble-free compliance with all limits for hazardous substances in combustion products is attained.
  • a boiler particularly a boiler for combustion of fuel in the form of biomass, including but not limited full biomass bales, with a pre-chamber and a combustion chamber
  • the grounds of the present invention lie in the fact that the boiler contains at least one closing plate located outside the pre-chamber in its basic position, wherein the closing plate is insertable into the pre-chamber to divide the pre-chamber into the space freely connected with the combustion chamber and the space for newly supplied fuel.
  • the closing plate is insertable to the pre-chamber so that full cross-section of the pre-chamber is closed. In this way, the spaces can be perfectly divided.
  • the closing plate is insertable horizontally into the pre-chamber.
  • This embodiment is favourable for functional reasons because the biomass bale can be placed in a stable way following its tipping from the drop gate to the closing plate.
  • the closing plate is placed in double-faced side guides and fluid cooled. This structure ensures long-term and failure-free operation of the closing plate, wherein risk of distortion of the closing plate and other potential destructions due to high temperature inside the pre-chamber, into which the closing plate is inserted, is greatly reduced.
  • the pre-chamber includes a pressure piston, which crosses the pre-chamber in its full cross section back and forth, wherein the most favourable embodiment is provided with the pressure piston in horizontal position.
  • the embodiment is favourable because quality opening of the biomass bale is possible with subsequent movement of the open biomass towards the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber includes at least one secondary air nozzle in the ceiling above brick partition wall, wherein the nozzle is directed against combustion products flow from the combustion chamber to the heat exchanger. Therefore, the conditions for perfect combustion resulting in reduced contents of pollutants in the combustion products can be achieved.
  • the boiler includes also a circulating pump for forced fluid flow through the cooled pre-chamber, drop gate, and the closing plate.
  • the circulating pump is located under ceiling of the pre-chamber so that it draws fluid with common discharge to the heat exchanger from the pre-chamber, drop gate, and the closing plate.
  • the deficiencies described above are to a high extent removed and aims of the invention are achieved by the method of fuel supply, particularly the method of supply of fuel in the form of full biomass bales to the boiler according to this invention, wherein the closing plate is inserted first to the pre-chamber followed by opening of the drop gate of the pre-chamber and the fuel is supplied to the pre-chamber, the drop gate of the pre-chamber then closes and finally, the closing plate is removed from the pre-chamber.
  • This method of the boiler fuel supply allows continuous combustion of fuel that is supplied to the boiler in steps usually arranged in the form of bales.
  • the boiler according to the invention allows continuous combustion of fuel supplied in discontinuous way, wherein keeping of suitable combustion conditions is possible as well, which results in compliance with emission limits applicable to pollutants in the combustion products.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic arrangement of the boiler in side view.
  • the boiler for combustion of fuel in the form of full biomass bales 3 contains the pre-chamber 1 and the combustion chamber 2 .
  • the boiler contains a closing plate 4 , which is located outside the pre-chamber 1 in its basic position and insertable into the pre-chamber 1 to divide the pre-chamber 1 into the space 18 freely connected with the combustion chamber 2 and the space 19 for newly supplied fuel.
  • the closing plate 4 is insertable to the pre-chamber 1 so that full cross-section of the pre-chamber is closed.
  • the closing plate 4 is placed in double-faced side guides.
  • the closing plate 4 is fluid cooled.
  • the pre-chamber 1 contains a pressure piston 5 that crosses pre-chamber 1 in its full cross section back and forth.
  • the pressure piston 5 is located horizontally.
  • the combustion chamber includes 5 secondary air nozzles 12 in the ceiling 15 above brick partition wall 14 , wherein the nozzles are directed against combustion products flow 16 from the combustion chamber 2 to the heat exchanger 8.
  • the secondary air nozzles 12 are connected to the secondary air fan 10 located on the ceiling 15 of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the primary air fan 9 connected with the primary air nozzles 11 is located on the ceiling 17 of the pre-chamber 1 .
  • the boiler includes a circulating pump 13 for forced fluid flowing through the pre-chamber 1 , a drop gate 6 , and the closing plate 4 , wherein it is located under the ceiling 17 of the pre-chamber 1 so that it draws liquid with common discharge to a heat exchanger 8 from the pre-heating chamber 1 , the drop gate 6 , and the closing plate 4 .
  • the closing plate 4 is inserted first to the pre-chamber 1 followed by opening of the drop gate 6 of the pre-chamber 1 and the fuel is supplied to the pre-chamber 1 , the drop gate 6 of the pre-chamber 1 then closes and finally, the closing plate 4 is removed from the pre-chamber 1 .
  • the movable pressure piston 5 moves a part of open biomass bale 3 on ongoing basis to the fire chamber 7 .
  • the boiler according to the invention can be used for combustion of biomass, including but not limited to the biomass arranged in the form of bales, including but not limited to big cube straw or hay bales.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP14466003.2A 2013-02-15 2014-01-24 Boiler and method of feeding of fuels, particularly straw bales in the boiler Ceased EP2767759A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2013-116A CZ2013116A3 (cs) 2013-02-15 2013-02-15 Kotel a způsob vkládání paliva do něj

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2767759A1 true EP2767759A1 (en) 2014-08-20

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ID=50070486

Family Applications (1)

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EP14466003.2A Ceased EP2767759A1 (en) 2013-02-15 2014-01-24 Boiler and method of feeding of fuels, particularly straw bales in the boiler

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2767759A1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ2013116A3 (cs)
UA (1) UA119736C2 (cs)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106051742A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-26 北京航空航天大学 一种改进型自驱动移动式多功能秸秆及根茬综合利用系统
CN109458608A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2019-03-12 江苏元和自动化科技有限公司 一种秸秆颗粒燃料的碳热联产锅炉
CN113188321A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-07-30 鸡西市亿立锅炉制造有限公司 秸秆捆包松散烘干机
CN117212773A (zh) * 2023-08-29 2023-12-12 王金辉 一种秸秆捆烧方法及秸秆捆烧生物质锅炉

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS228635B1 (cs) 1982-09-22 1984-05-14 Vladimir Doc Ing Csc Novotny Zařízení pro spalování hmoty, zejména rostlinného původu
CZ4408U1 (cs) 1995-12-14 1996-02-07 Tez - Projekce, Konstrukce, Tepelně Energetická Za Spalovací komora pro spalování dřevního odpadu, pazdeří a jiných hořlavých odpadních materiálů
CZ11182U1 (cs) 2001-03-30 2001-04-30 Nuclea Kotel na spalování biomasy, spojený s výměníkem tepla
CZ16473U1 (cs) 2006-02-28 2006-05-03 Sámal@Václav Zařízení pro spalování celých balíků slámy
CZ302597B6 (cs) 2009-07-09 2011-07-27 Step Trutnov A.S. Kotel
CZ22737U1 (cs) * 2010-08-06 2011-09-26 Tts Energo S.R.O. Zařízení k přípravě a spalování balíků slámy pro energetické účely
SK500302011A3 (sk) * 2010-08-06 2013-02-04 Tts Energo S. R. O. Process for preparing and burning bales of straw for energetic purposes and device for implementing this method

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19517308A1 (de) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-07 Ver Energiewerke Ag Vorrichtung zur Aufgabe von Stroh in eine Wirbelbettfeuerung

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS228635B1 (cs) 1982-09-22 1984-05-14 Vladimir Doc Ing Csc Novotny Zařízení pro spalování hmoty, zejména rostlinného původu
CZ4408U1 (cs) 1995-12-14 1996-02-07 Tez - Projekce, Konstrukce, Tepelně Energetická Za Spalovací komora pro spalování dřevního odpadu, pazdeří a jiných hořlavých odpadních materiálů
CZ11182U1 (cs) 2001-03-30 2001-04-30 Nuclea Kotel na spalování biomasy, spojený s výměníkem tepla
CZ16473U1 (cs) 2006-02-28 2006-05-03 Sámal@Václav Zařízení pro spalování celých balíků slámy
CZ302597B6 (cs) 2009-07-09 2011-07-27 Step Trutnov A.S. Kotel
CZ22737U1 (cs) * 2010-08-06 2011-09-26 Tts Energo S.R.O. Zařízení k přípravě a spalování balíků slámy pro energetické účely
SK500302011A3 (sk) * 2010-08-06 2013-02-04 Tts Energo S. R. O. Process for preparing and burning bales of straw for energetic purposes and device for implementing this method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106051742A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-26 北京航空航天大学 一种改进型自驱动移动式多功能秸秆及根茬综合利用系统
CN109458608A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2019-03-12 江苏元和自动化科技有限公司 一种秸秆颗粒燃料的碳热联产锅炉
CN113188321A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-07-30 鸡西市亿立锅炉制造有限公司 秸秆捆包松散烘干机
CN117212773A (zh) * 2023-08-29 2023-12-12 王金辉 一种秸秆捆烧方法及秸秆捆烧生物质锅炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
UA119736C2 (uk) 2019-08-12
CZ304848B6 (cs) 2014-12-03
CZ2013116A3 (cs) 2014-12-03

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