EP2766670B1 - Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current form photovoltaic panels - Google Patents

Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current form photovoltaic panels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2766670B1
EP2766670B1 EP12815770.8A EP12815770A EP2766670B1 EP 2766670 B1 EP2766670 B1 EP 2766670B1 EP 12815770 A EP12815770 A EP 12815770A EP 2766670 B1 EP2766670 B1 EP 2766670B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
contactor
interconnected
photovoltaic panels
normally
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12815770.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2766670A2 (en
Inventor
Daniel Lako
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from PCT/IB2012/002633 external-priority patent/WO2013117956A2/en
Publication of EP2766670A2 publication Critical patent/EP2766670A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2766670B1 publication Critical patent/EP2766670B1/en
Priority to HRP20160338TT priority Critical patent/HRP20160338T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/40—Photovoltaic [PV] modules

Definitions

  • the technical solution relates to regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels with the ability to use electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels after the water has been heated using direct current power DC.
  • the terminal box contains: a) the DC positive connected to the input normally-open contacts on the ST1 contactor, with the output contacts connected to the heating element; b) a DC negative terminal, which is also connected to the heating element; c) a protective earth terminal, which is connected to the thermostat; d) an alternating current AC line terminal, which is connected to the normally-closed contacts on the thermal switch and then in series with the normally-closed contacts on the thermostat and the coil of contactor ST1; and e) an AC neutral terminal, which connects the thermal fuse's normally-closed contacts in series with the coil of contactor ST2; signal devices are connected to the thermal fuse output and the thermostat output as well as across the heating element.
  • the DC positive from the normally-open input contacts on contactor ST1 is also connected to normally-open input contacts on contactor ST2, which leads from the output contacts on contactor ST2 to the terminal box.
  • the AC line connects the normally-closed contacts on contactor ST1, which is connected through the normally-closed outlet contacts on contactor ST1, to the coil contacts on contactor ST2.
  • the terminal box also includes an AC neutral contact, which is connected to the output coil contacts on contactor ST2.
  • Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels resolves the issue of safe operation of the entire system and allows for the direct connection of DC power from photovoltaic panels to heating elements as well as the use of DC power generated by photovoltaic panels after the boiler has been heated and is switched off.
  • the basis of the technical solution is the mechanical connection of AC and DC power in order to heat water using DC power while ensuring electric temperature regulation and the safety of the water heating equipment.
  • the DC circuit switches, which assures the safety of the equipment by switching the coil on contactor ST2 thanks to the use of the normally-closed contacts on contactor ST1, which allows for the switching of DC power away from the boiler.
  • the AC and DC circuits are galvanically separated and are not connected electrically in any manner.
  • the connection of these circuits is ensured by two contactors, which are certified for switching DC power.
  • Fig. 1 is an electrical schematic for the power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels.
  • Photovoltaic panels with an output 250W/1 panel, as an example, are connected in series and form a DC power source. If 8 panels are used, installed power is rated at 2 kW. Wiring rated for direct current applications can be used to connect the photovoltaic panels to a boiler using terminals X4 and X5.
  • the DC positive terminal L+ is connected to the heating element R using terminals 1 and 6 of contactor ST1.
  • the DC negative contact L- is connected from terminal X5 to the heating element R.
  • the rating of the heating element R must match the maximum installed output of the photovoltaic panels.
  • AC power is connected to boiler via terminals X1, X2 and X3 with the AC line L connected to contact Y1 on the thermal fuse TP and on to the thermostat T and coil terminal A1 on contactor ST1.
  • the AC neutral N is connected to coil terminal A2 on contactor ST1 through contact Y2 of thermal fuse TP
  • the DC positive L+ is connected from terminal 1 on contactor ST1 to terminal 1 of contactor ST2.
  • the DC positive L+ is connected to terminal X7 through terminals 1 and 6 of contactor ST2.
  • the DC negative L- is connected to terminals X5 and X6.
  • the connection of DC positive L+ to terminal X7 allows for an additional DC-powered appliance to be connected to terminals X6 and X7 once the boiler has reached temperature.
  • the thermal fuse TP is positioned in front of the thermostat T in order to protect against a thermostat T failure; if the pre-set temperature is reached, the thermal fuse will interrupt the AC power to coil A1 on contactor ST1. This configuration ensures safe regulation of the water heating cycle when heating element R is connected to DC power.
  • Signal device S1 secures signal activity on the AC circuit while signal device S2 secures signal activity on the DC circuit.
  • Signal devices S1 and S2 are simple indicator lamps.
  • the device In addition to the safety of direct water heating using DC power from photovoltaic panels, the device also enables the complete use of ecologically generated electricity from photovoltaic panels in the event that external equipment capable of safely processing and regulating DC power is connected.
  • a boiler equipped with power switching equipment to handle electricity generated by photovoltaic panels can also be connected to an additional boiler with identical specifications, a DC heater or a DC/AC converter to supply AC power to household electrical circuits and to cover a part or all of the electricity in the household, depending on instantaneous demand.
  • Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels helps to produce ecological hot water in an efficient manner and the full use of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Distribution Board (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Description

    Bakground of the Invention
  • The technical solution relates to regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels with the ability to use electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels after the water has been heated using direct current power DC.
    • State of the Art
  • Water heating regulation involving photovoltaic panels producing direct current power with direct connection to the heating element is resolved in Utility Model No. 5788 registered at the Industrial Property Office of Slovak Republic under the title "Equipment for regulated water heating using photovoltaic panels", the owner of which is the same person, i.e. Ing. Daniel Lako, Puchov, Slovak Republic, as the applicant for the current utility model. This Utility Model specifically resolves water heating regulation using DC power generated by photovoltaic panels. Once the water in the boiler has been heated, the power source is safely disconnected and the photovoltaic panels stop generating electricity; this solution, however, does not ensure the maximum utilization of the power generating capacity of the photovoltaic panels. A power switching equipment for boilers according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 2 402 678 . Feature of the invention
  • A new range of options for utilizing direct current power DC generated by photovoltaic panels once water in the boiler is heated is provided by new DC power switching equipment. The basis of the solution resides in the application of two contactors ST1 and ST2 and their mutual interconnection. The terminal box contains: a) the DC positive connected to the input normally-open contacts on the ST1 contactor, with the output contacts connected to the heating element; b) a DC negative terminal, which is also connected to the heating element; c) a protective earth terminal, which is connected to the thermostat; d) an alternating current AC line terminal, which is connected to the normally-closed contacts on the thermal switch and then in series with the normally-closed contacts on the thermostat and the coil of contactor ST1; and e) an AC neutral terminal, which connects the thermal fuse's normally-closed contacts in series with the coil of contactor ST2; signal devices are connected to the thermal fuse output and the thermostat output as well as across the heating element. The DC positive from the normally-open input contacts on contactor ST1 is also connected to normally-open input contacts on contactor ST2, which leads from the output contacts on contactor ST2 to the terminal box. The AC line connects the normally-closed contacts on contactor ST1, which is connected through the normally-closed outlet contacts on contactor ST1, to the coil contacts on contactor ST2. The terminal box also includes an AC neutral contact, which is connected to the output coil contacts on contactor ST2.
  • Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels resolves the issue of safe operation of the entire system and allows for the direct connection of DC power from photovoltaic panels to heating elements as well as the use of DC power generated by photovoltaic panels after the boiler has been heated and is switched off.
  • The basis of the technical solution is the mechanical connection of AC and DC power in order to heat water using DC power while ensuring electric temperature regulation and the safety of the water heating equipment. The DC circuit switches, which assures the safety of the equipment by switching the coil on contactor ST2 thanks to the use of the normally-closed contacts on contactor ST1, which allows for the switching of DC power away from the boiler.
  • The AC and DC circuits are galvanically separated and are not connected electrically in any manner. The connection of these circuits is ensured by two contactors, which are certified for switching DC power.
    • Description of the drawings
  • The technical solution is illustrated in visual form; in this case Fig. 1 is an electrical schematic for the power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels.
    • Preferred embodiments of the invention
  • Photovoltaic panels, with an output 250W/1 panel, as an example, are connected in series and form a DC power source. If 8 panels are used, installed power is rated at 2 kW. Wiring rated for direct current applications can be used to connect the photovoltaic panels to a boiler using terminals X4 and X5. The DC positive terminal L+ is connected to the heating element R using terminals 1 and 6 of contactor ST1. The DC negative contact L- is connected from terminal X5 to the heating element R. The rating of the heating element R must match the maximum installed output of the photovoltaic panels.
  • AC power is connected to boiler via terminals X1, X2 and X3 with the AC line L connected to contact Y1 on the thermal fuse TP and on to the thermostat T and coil terminal A1 on contactor ST1. The AC neutral N is connected to coil terminal A2 on contactor ST1 through contact Y2 of thermal fuse TP
  • If AC power is connected, the contacts on contactor ST1 engage and the DC power is used to heat the heating element R.
  • Once the water reaches the temperature set on the thermostat T, its contacts will open and interrupt AC power to the coil of contactor ST1, which then opens the contacts of contactor ST1 and interrupts DC power to the heating element R. However, at the same time, the auxiliary contact of contactor ST1, to which the AC line is connected from terminal X2 at terminal 7, engages; the output auxiliary contact terminal 8 on contactor ST1 is connected to coil terminal A1 of contactor ST2. The AC neutral from terminal X3 is connected to terminal A2 of contactor ST2.
  • The DC positive L+ is connected from terminal 1 on contactor ST1 to terminal 1 of contactor ST2. The DC positive L+ is connected to terminal X7 through terminals 1 and 6 of contactor ST2. The DC negative L- is connected to terminals X5 and X6. The connection of DC positive L+ to terminal X7 allows for an additional DC-powered appliance to be connected to terminals X6 and X7 once the boiler has reached temperature.
  • The thermal fuse TP is positioned in front of the thermostat T in order to protect against a thermostat T failure; if the pre-set temperature is reached, the thermal fuse will interrupt the AC power to coil A1 on contactor ST1. This configuration ensures safe regulation of the water heating cycle when heating element R is connected to DC power. Signal device S1 secures signal activity on the AC circuit while signal device S2 secures signal activity on the DC circuit. Signal devices S1 and S2 are simple indicator lamps.
    • Industrial application
  • In addition to the safety of direct water heating using DC power from photovoltaic panels, the device also enables the complete use of ecologically generated electricity from photovoltaic panels in the event that external equipment capable of safely processing and regulating DC power is connected. A boiler equipped with power switching equipment to handle electricity generated by photovoltaic panels can also be connected to an additional boiler with identical specifications, a DC heater or a DC/AC converter to supply AC power to household electrical circuits and to cover a part or all of the electricity in the household, depending on instantaneous demand.
  • Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels helps to produce ecological hot water in an efficient manner and the full use of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels.

Claims (1)

  1. Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current from photovoltaic panels, consisting of a terminal box with a first DC positive terminal (X4) interconnected with first a input terminal (1) of normally-open contacts of a first contactor and with a heating element (R) through a sixth output terminal (6) of the normally-open contacts on the first contactor; a first DC negative terminal (X5) of the terminal box is interconnected with the heating element (R); an AC protective earthing terminal (X1) of the terminal box is interconnected with a thermostat (T); an AC line terminal (X2) is interconnected with a thermal fuse (TP) and with the thermostat (T) through first normally-closed contacts (Y1) of the thermal fuse (TP) and with a first coil terminal (A1) of the first contactor through normally-closed contacts of the thermostat (T); an AC neutral terminal (X3) of the terminal box is interconnected with the thermal fuse (TP) and with second coil terminal (A2) of the first contractor through second normally-closed contacts (Y2) of the thermal fuse (TP); a first signal device (S1) is connected between the output of second contacts (Y2) of the thermal fuse (TP) and the output of the thermostat (T); a second signal device (S2) is connected between an output contact and an input contact of the heating element (R) characterized in, that the AC line terminal (X2) is interconnected with seventh input terminal (7) of the first contactor (ST1) and with a first coil terminal (A1) of a second contactor (ST2) through a eighth output terminal (8) of the first contactor (ST1); the AC neutral terminal (X3) is interconnected with a second coil terminal (A2) of second contactor (ST2); the first DC positive terminal (X4) is interconnected with the first terminal (1) of the first contactor (ST1) and with a first input terminal (1) of the second contactor (ST2) and with second positive terminal (X7) through sixth output terminal (6) of the second contactor (ST2); the first DC negative terminal (X5) is interconnected with the second DC negative terminal (X6).
EP12815770.8A 2012-02-08 2012-12-05 Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current form photovoltaic panels Active EP2766670B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HRP20160338TT HRP20160338T1 (en) 2012-02-08 2016-04-04 Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current form photovoltaic panels

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SK26-2012A SK262012A3 (en) 2012-02-08 2012-02-08 Process for preparing parafango
PCT/IB2012/002633 WO2013117956A2 (en) 2012-02-08 2012-12-05 Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current form photovoltaic panels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2766670A2 EP2766670A2 (en) 2014-08-20
EP2766670B1 true EP2766670B1 (en) 2016-02-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12815770.8A Active EP2766670B1 (en) 2012-02-08 2012-12-05 Power switching equipment for boilers used within regulated water heating using direct current form photovoltaic panels

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2766670B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5833775B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101571052B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104302985A (en)
EA (1) EA026301B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2569046T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20160338T1 (en)
IL (1) IL233708A0 (en)
PL (1) PL220171B1 (en)
SK (1) SK262012A3 (en)
UA (1) UA111909C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023215919A1 (en) 2022-05-04 2023-11-09 Poweroptimal (Pty) Ltd Thermostat for a hot water cylinder

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US4447712A (en) * 1982-02-24 1984-05-08 Covillion Joseph E Heating system
JPS60124236U (en) * 1984-01-25 1985-08-21 三菱電機株式会社 Power supply disconnection circuit device
US5293447A (en) * 1992-06-02 1994-03-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Photovoltaic solar water heating system
JPH09191565A (en) * 1996-01-08 1997-07-22 Toshiba Corp Dc distribution system
JP2000023373A (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-21 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Solar light generation inverter device
JP2001275354A (en) 2000-03-24 2001-10-05 Rb Controls Co Switching power supply unit
JP4630429B2 (en) * 2000-07-14 2011-02-09 ミサワホーム株式会社 Building with fuel cell
JP2003185243A (en) 2001-12-25 2003-07-03 Toto Ltd Power-saving hot water supply device
US20090214195A1 (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-08-27 Thomasson Samuel L PV water heating system
JP5465949B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2014-04-09 本田技研工業株式会社 Power supply system
EP2402678A3 (en) * 2010-06-30 2013-08-28 Daniel Lako Device for regulated water heating using the energy gained by photovoltaic cells
DE202011005048U1 (en) * 2011-04-08 2011-10-11 Rudolf Baier Electrical power distribution device for a building

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023215919A1 (en) 2022-05-04 2023-11-09 Poweroptimal (Pty) Ltd Thermostat for a hot water cylinder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2569046T3 (en) 2016-05-06
JP2015510098A (en) 2015-04-02
JP5833775B2 (en) 2015-12-16
CN104302985A (en) 2015-01-21
KR101571052B1 (en) 2015-11-23
PL220171B1 (en) 2015-09-30
EP2766670A2 (en) 2014-08-20
KR20140108680A (en) 2014-09-12
EA026301B1 (en) 2017-03-31
SK262012A3 (en) 2013-11-04
UA111909C2 (en) 2016-06-24
EA201590352A1 (en) 2015-05-29
IL233708A0 (en) 2014-09-30
PL406771A1 (en) 2014-11-10
HRP20160338T1 (en) 2016-05-06

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