EP2763813A1 - Materiau de soudure pour composants en acier inoxydable, en particulier pour le soudage au four d'echangeurs de chaleur pour gaz - Google Patents
Materiau de soudure pour composants en acier inoxydable, en particulier pour le soudage au four d'echangeurs de chaleur pour gazInfo
- Publication number
- EP2763813A1 EP2763813A1 EP12786853.7A EP12786853A EP2763813A1 EP 2763813 A1 EP2763813 A1 EP 2763813A1 EP 12786853 A EP12786853 A EP 12786853A EP 2763813 A1 EP2763813 A1 EP 2763813A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solder material
- stainless steel
- niobium
- welding
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/11—Manufacture or assembly of EGR systems; Materials or coatings specially adapted for EGR systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
- F02M26/32—Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/089—Coatings, claddings or bonding layers made from metals or metal alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
- F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
- F28D7/1638—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing with particular pattern of flow or the heat exchange medium flowing inside the conduits assemblies, e.g. change of flow direction from one conduit assembly to another one
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a welding material for stainless steel components.
- the welding material of the invention is particularly applicable to the furnace welding of exhaust gas recirculation exchangers (EGRC).
- EGRC exhaust gas recirculation exchangers
- the two heat exchanging media are separated by a partition.
- the heat exchanger itself may have different configurations: for example, it may consist of a carcass inside which are arranged a series of parallel tubes for the passage of gases, the coolant circulating in the carcass around the tubes; in another embodiment, the exchanger comprises a series of parallel plates which constitute the heat exchange surfaces, so that the exhaust gas and the cooling liquid circulate between two plates in alternating layers.
- the junction between the tubes and the carcass can be of different types.
- the tubes are fixed at their ends between two support plates coupled to each end of the carcass, the two support plates having a plurality of orifices for the introduction of the respective tubes. Said support plates are in turn attached to connecting means to the recirculation line.
- connection means may consist of a V-shaped connection or a peripheral rim connection or flange, according to the design of the recirculation pipe where the exchanger is assembled.
- the support plate is integrated in one piece with the connecting means, thus forming a single connecting flange.
- the connection means may also consist of a gas deposit disposed at one or both ends of the carcass.
- EGR heat exchangers are made of metal, generally made of austenitic stainless steel, in most cases AISI 304.
- a very common welding material for welding is the Ni620 alloy, according to the new ISO 17672: 2010 standard, and called BNi2 (by AWS), which contains boron.
- This alloy is economical and is the most used for baking stainless steel heat exchangers, especially for vacuum furnace welding.
- the components of the heat exchanger are increasingly being manufactured in countries where the cost of manufacture is lower. However, there are sometimes problems because the components are not always welded satisfactorily.
- the problem that has been detected is that the Ni620 solder material does not wet the surface of the component to be welded and does not extend, so that the resulting soldering is unsatisfactory, hence a risk leaks.
- the composition of the N1620 solder material comprises: 6-8% chromium, 4-5% silicon, 2.75-3.5% boron, 2.5-3.5% iron, and the balance nickel.
- the baking is good enough for the majority of the tubes, but if some tubes or even a single tube are not welded partially or totally, the result final is a leak.
- this problem is related to the annealing process of the components during their manufacture.
- the manufacturer of these components uses continuous furnaces with an atmosphere of a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen from an ammonia cracking process.
- austenitic stainless steel alloys can include up to 0.11% nitrogen, but can not be completely avoided due to the refining process. 'steel.
- the nitrogen reacts with the boron contained in the Ni620 solder material and results in the problem of forming boron nitrides, which have a negative effect on the oven welding.
- the nitrogen is difficult to analyze and is generally not indicated in the material certificate, and according to the analytical technique, whether volumetric, spectroscopic or similar, different results are obtained.
- SEM microscope it was found, in the components analyzed, the presence of superficial nitrogen near the drop of solder material which has not been sufficiently extended. Sometimes, using a SEM microscope, in some cases local nitrogen was detected around 10, reacting with boron.
- niobium When carbon and nitrogen are present, niobium reacts first with carbon to form NbC, then niobium reacts with nitrogen to form NbN.
- Ni620 solder material can have as impurities up to 0.06% carbon.
- impurities up to 0.06% carbon.
- AISI 304 type steel with ⁇ 0.08% carbon and a maximum of 0.11% nitrogen it would be necessary to have a quantity of at least 1.81% of niobium.
- Spanish patent application No. 2351281 discloses a gas heat exchanger made of stainless steel, which comprises a ferritic stainless steel flange united to the core of the oven-baked heat exchanger. a solder material made from an alloy that comprises boron.
- the ferritic stainless steel of the flange further comprises a percentage of niobium capable of reacting with the nitrogen contained in the own ferritic stainless steel, forming nitrides of niobium, so that the nitrogen is not allowed to react. with the boron of the solder material.
- the object of the stainless steel component welding material, particularly for the furnace welding of gas heat exchangers, of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of solder materials known in the art by providing a solder material having adequate wettability, and without the need to modify the stainless steel material of the components to be welded.
- the welding material for stainless steel components in particular for furnace welding of gas heat exchangers, object of the present invention, is of the type which is manufactured in an alloy which comprises boron, and is characterized by the it comprises a percentage of niobium capable of reacting with the nitrogen contained in the own stainless steel of the components to be welded, being capable of forming nitrides of niobium and thus avoiding that the nitrogen reacts with the boron of the material of welding.
- the chemical composition of the solder material comprises, by weight, from 6 to 8% of chromium, from 4 to 5% of silicon, from 2.75 to 3.5% of boron, 2.5 to 3.5% iron and 0.5 to 4% niobium.
- the weight percentage of niobium added is 2%.
- the solder material may include up to 20% chromium by weight in order to improve the corrosion resistance.
- Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a conventional heat exchanger assembled and welded in the oven.
- Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a metal core welded with a connection flange.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a heat exchanger 1 EGR made of stainless steel which comprises a core consisting of a bundle of tubes 2 arranged inside a carcass 3, intended for the circulation of gases with heat exchange with a cooling fluid, a connection flange 4 to the recirculation line, and inlet connection lines 5 and outlet 6 of the cooling fluid.
- said heat exchanger also comprises a gas tank 7 for the return of gases.
- Said components 2 to 7 of the exchanger 1 are assembled together and soldered by welding with a solder material 8 made of an alloy which comprises boron.
- the solder material 8 used is preferably Ni620, also referred to as BNi2, which is widely used for the furnace-welding of EGR heat exchangers, as it is suitable for most vehicle manufacturers' specifications. , being more economical and very easy to use.
- materials such as 1.4301 (AISI 304) austenitic stainless steel alloys may include up to 0.11% nitrogen, but it is not possible to avoid it completely because of the process. refining of steel.
- the problem encountered in the state of the art during the oven welding process is that the nitrogen reacts with the boron contained in the Ni620 solder material, making it difficult to weld the parts to be assembled.
- the nitrogen is difficult to analyze and is generally not indicated in the material certificate, and according to the analytical technique, whether volumetric, spectroscopic or similar, different results are obtained. Using an SEM microscope, it is possible, in some cases, to detect local nitrogen at around 10%, reacting with boron.
- the solder material 8 of the present invention comprises a percentage of niobium capable of reacting with the nitrogen contained in the own stainless steel, forming niobium nitrides, and thus preventing the nitrogen from reacting with the nitrogen. boron of the solder material 8.
- niobium in steel is advantageous for baking when nitrogen is present in the steel.
- the solder material comprises the Ni620 standard alloy with an addition of 2% niobium.
- the baking is improved compared to the standard alloy N620.
- the chemical composition of the solder material of the invention comprises, by weight:
- the solder material can contain up to 20% chromium to improve corrosion resistance.
- the test was carried out with tubes 2 of gas. Firstly, small drops of standard Ni620 solder material are placed on the surface of the tube 2. Said drops have a size of about 2 mm in diameter. The tube 2 is then placed and welded in the furnace by means of a standard cycle of furnace welding in production.
- solder material wets satisfactorily, it extends widely over the surface. However, if the base material of the component is contaminated with nitrogen, the solder material does not wet satisfactorily because it is held in place like a sphere, so that the welding process does not take place .
- connection flange 4 assembled to the carcass 3, because it was also found an unsatisfactory firing due to nitrogen problems.
- the flange 4 was welded with standard Ni620 solder material, and as a result, areas appeared with a weld bead having discontinuities.
- the Ni620 solder material with niobium added according to the invention it has been found that the weld is satisfactory with a suitable weld bead 8 as shown in FIG.
- the composition of the solder material of the present invention can reduce quality problems with two possible effects. First, it improves the profitability of current productivity and, secondly, reduces the cost of the heat exchanger, and thus increases the competitiveness of the company.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201131606A ES2401625B1 (es) | 2011-10-05 | 2011-10-05 | Material de soldadura para componentes de acero inoxidable, en especial para la soldadura en horno de intercambiadores de calor para gases. |
PCT/EP2012/069782 WO2013053654A1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-10-05 | Materiau de soudure pour composants en acier inoxydable, en particulier pour le soudage au four d'echangeurs de chaleur pour gaz |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2763813A1 true EP2763813A1 (fr) | 2014-08-13 |
Family
ID=47178580
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12786853.7A Withdrawn EP2763813A1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-10-05 | Materiau de soudure pour composants en acier inoxydable, en particulier pour le soudage au four d'echangeurs de chaleur pour gaz |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2763813A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20140072161A (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2401625B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013053654A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4461811A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1984-07-24 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Stabilized ferritic stainless steel with improved brazeability |
US6290904B1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2001-09-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Welding materials for high-Cr steels |
US20100136361A1 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2010-06-03 | Takahiro Osuki | Welding material and welded joint structure |
US20100136368A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2010-06-03 | Huntington Alloys Corporation | Welding alloy and articles for use in welding, weldments and method for producing weldments |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2820613B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 1998-11-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 酸化雰囲気中で接合可能な耐熱材料用液相拡散接合合金箔 |
US7258752B2 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2007-08-21 | Ut-Battelle Llc | Wrought stainless steel compositions having engineered microstructures for improved heat resistance |
ES2351281B1 (es) * | 2009-02-03 | 2011-09-28 | Valeo Termico, S.A. | Intercambiador de calor para gases, en especial de los gases de escape de un motor. |
CA2779308C (fr) * | 2009-10-30 | 2019-01-29 | The Nanosteel Company, Inc. | Materiau de renforcement vitrifiant |
-
2011
- 2011-10-05 ES ES201131606A patent/ES2401625B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-10-05 KR KR1020147011723A patent/KR20140072161A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-10-05 EP EP12786853.7A patent/EP2763813A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-10-05 WO PCT/EP2012/069782 patent/WO2013053654A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4461811A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1984-07-24 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Stabilized ferritic stainless steel with improved brazeability |
US6290904B1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2001-09-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Welding materials for high-Cr steels |
US20100136368A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2010-06-03 | Huntington Alloys Corporation | Welding alloy and articles for use in welding, weldments and method for producing weldments |
US20100136361A1 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2010-06-03 | Takahiro Osuki | Welding material and welded joint structure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2013053654A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2401625B1 (es) | 2014-03-04 |
WO2013053654A1 (fr) | 2013-04-18 |
KR20140072161A (ko) | 2014-06-12 |
ES2401625A1 (es) | 2013-04-23 |
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