Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q3/00—Manicure or pedicure preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K8/06—Emulsions
  • A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
  • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/78—Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists

Definitions

• the present application is directed to compositions for enhancing nail and cuticle health and growth.
• Nails including toenails and fingernails, are primarily composed of the protein keratin. Fingernails and toenails are living tissue.
• the nail is formed in a pocket of skin which has grown inward and is called the nail matrix. This area generates the nail and is also called the root of the nail.
• the outer layer of the matrix contains specialized cells that create the keratin that grows out as the nail plate.
• the nail plate is the commonly referred to as a fingernail or toenail.
• the nail bed is the finger tissue or toe tissue that supports the nail. Nails grow continuously throughout a person's life, growing approximately at an average rate of 3 millimeters a month. Fingernails may require 3 to 6 months to re-grow completely, and toenails require approximately 12 to 18 months. Actual growth rate is dependent upon age, gender, season, exercise level, diet, and hereditary factors.
• Brittle Nail Syndrome can be characterized by trachyonychia (e.g. surface roughness), lamellar onychoschizia (e.g. horizontal layering/peeling), and/or onychorrhexis (e.g. longitudinal cracking or splitting of the distal edge).
• Brittle Nail Syndrome can also result in nail fragility, lack of thickness and/or poor nail growth. Brittle Nail Syndrome is due in part to chronic
• fingernail and toe nail problems due to various conditions such as anemia, vitamin or mineral deficiency, onycohrrhexis, kidney and liver disorders, psoriasis, vascular disease (e.g., Raynaud's disease) and heart disease often result in poor nail growth, vertical trenches, pitting, cracking, horizontal lines, lack of thickness and strength, lack of smoothness, tendency to tear and other symptoms of Brittle Nail Syndrome.
• vascular disease e.g., Raynaud's disease
• the present invention is directed to compositions and methods for enhancing nail health, cuticle health and/or nail growth in a mammal, including humans.
• compositions and methods for treating Brittle Nail Syndrome in a mammal, including humans are directed to compositions and methods for treating Brittle Nail Syndrome in a mammal, including humans.
• the compositions include one or more immunomodulators such as immunosuppressants.
• compositions include one or more anti-inflammatory drugs.
• compositions include a combination of one or more immunomodulators and one or more anti-inflammatory drugs.
• compositions can be administered topically to the nail bed, nail matrix, the end or tip of the nail and cuticle in an amount effective to enhance nail health and/or cuticle health, for example by thickening, strengthening and/or smoothing the nail and/or cuticle, and in certain embodiments by treating Brittle Nail Syndrome.
• the compositions can be administered topically to the nail bed, nail matrix, the end or tip of the nail and cuticle in an amount effective to enhance nail growth.
• the composition can be administered once a day, twice a day, three times a day, four times a day, five times a day, six times a day, once a week, twice a week, three times a week, four times a week, five times a week or six times a week.
• the composition can come in a kit comprising a vial or dispenser containing the composition and an applicator (e.g. brush).
• compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to emulsions, microemulsions, reverse emulsions, solutions, colloids, suspensions, dispersions, gels, pastes and polishes.
• the composition includes at least one active compound selected from an immunomodulator (e.g. cyclosporine) and an anti-inflammatory (e.g.
• the composition includes cyclosporine A. In certain embodiments the composition includes a combination of cyclosporine and ketorolac. In other embodiments the composition includes at least one retinoid such as tazortene. In certain embodiments the composition includes biotin and/or silicone.
• Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to oil-in-water emulsions optionally containing an active compound wherein the emulsions can contain at least one oil and/or surfactant.
• the emulsion contains castor oil, polysorbate 80, glycerine, NaOH and may optionally contain polyacrylates such as carbomer and
• the composition includes 0.5% w/v carboxy methyl cellulose, 0.9%> w/v glycerine, 0.25%> carnitine and 0.25%> w/v erythritol and purite. Certain other embodiments of the present invention are described in the Examples below which optionally may omit or contain cyclosporine A:
• Castor oil or another oil or another hydrophobic component such as vegetable oils, animal oils, mineral oils, synthetic oils, higher fatty acid glycerides and the like and mixtures thereof, some of which are listed below in the Detailed Description, may be present in the composition in concentrations from 1.25% w/v, 0.01% - w/v - 10.0% w/v, 0.1 % w/v - 5.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 4.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 3.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 2.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 1.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.9% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.7% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.6 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.5
• Polysorbate 80 or another suitable surfactant such as alcohols including carboxylated and ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, block polymers, fatty acids including carboxylic fatty acids, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, lignin derivatives, methyl esters, mono- and tri-glycerides, polyethylene glycols, polymeric surfactants, propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohols, or alkyl phenols, protein based surfactants, sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives, some of which are listed below in the Detailed Description, may be present in concentrations of in certain embodiments in the amount of 1.0%> w/v or 0.01% - w/v - 10.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 5.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 4.0% w/v, 0.1% w/
• Pemulen TR-2 or carbomer 1342, or other polymers or polymers of acrylic acid which are well known in the art can be present in the amounts of .05% w/w or 0.01% - w/v - 10.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 5.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 4.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 3.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 2.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 1.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.9% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.7% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.6 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.5 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.4 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.3 % w/v, 0.1% w/v
• Glycerine and mannitol, or other tonicity adjusters which are known in the art can be present in the amounts of 1.0%> w/w or 2.0% w/w respectively, or 0.01% - w/v - 10.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 5.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 4.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 3.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 2.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 1.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.9% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.7% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.6 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.5 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.4 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.3 % w/v, 0.1% w
• the emulsion contains: 1.0% w/w polysorbate 80, 0.05%> w/w glycerine, 1.0% w/w castor oil, 0.08%> w/w pemulin TR-2, 1.5% w/w mannitol, sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7.4 and purified water.
• Another embodiment includes an emulsion that contains: 1.0% w/w polysorbate 80, 1.0% w/w glycerine, 1.25% w/w castor oil, 0.05% w/w pemulin TR-2, 2.0%> w/w mannitol, sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7.4 and purified water.
• Another emulsion contains: 1.5 % w/w polysorbate 80, 0.05% w/w glycerine, 0.05% w/w castor oil, 0.08% w/w pemulin TR-2, 1.5%) w/w mannitol, sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7.4 and purified water.
• Another emulsion of the present invention contains 1.2 % w/w polysorbate 80, 1.0% w/w glycerine, 1.50% w/w castor oil, 0.05% w/w pemulin TR-2, 2.5 % w/w mannitol, sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7.4 and purified water.
• Another emulsion of the present invention 0.5% w/w polysorbate 80, 1.0% w/w glycerine, 1.25% w/w castor oil, 0.05%) w/w pemulin TR-2, 1.0%) w/w mannitol, sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7.4 and purified water.
• Embodiment 1 A composition for use in enhancing nail health, enhancing cuticle health, and/or enhancing nail growth in a human or animal, the composition comprising an immunomodulator and/or anti-inflammatory in an oil-in-water emulsion, and wherein said composition is topically applied to the nail of said human or animal.
• Embodiment 2 The composition of Embodiment 1 , wherein the immunomodulator is cyclosporine.
• Embodiment 3 The composition of Embodiment 1 or 2 wherein the emulsion comprises castor oil and a surfactant.
• Embodiment 4 The composition of any of Embodiments 1-3, wherein the emulsion comprises a cyclosporine A derivative or segment.
• Embodiment 5 The composition of Embodiment 1, further comprising an antiinflammatory.
• Embodiment 6 The composition of Embodiment 5, wherein said anti-inflammatory is ketorolac.
• Embodiment 7 The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the emulsion further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of glycerine, polysorbate 80 and carbomer (e.g., carbomer 1342).
• Embodiment 8 The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises 1.0% w/v polysorbate 80, 2.2% w/v glycerine, 1.25% w/v castor oil, 0.05% w/v pemulin.
• Embodiment 9 The composition of Embodiement 1, wherein the composition comprises 0.5% - 1.5% w/w polysorbate 80, 0.5% - 1.5% w/w glycerine, 0.5% - 1.5% w/w castor oil, 0.05% - 0.1% w/w carbomer 1342 and mannitol.
• Embodiment 10 The composition of any of Embodiments 1-9, wherein the composition is applied at least once a day.
• Embodiment 11 The composition of any of Embodiments 1-10 which is also useful for treating a disorder of the toenail or fingernail selected from the group consisting of Brittle Nail Syndrome, nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy, brittle nail syndrome, increasing nail length and thickness, onychia, onychiagryposis, onychia trophia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychauxis,
• a disorder of the toenail or fingernail selected from the group consisting of Brittle Nail Syndrome, nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy, brittle nail syndrome, increasing nail length and thickness, onychia, onychiagryposis, onychia trophia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis,
• onychomycosis onychorrhexis, tinea unguium, onychophosis, onychoptosis, paronychia, pseudomonas, pterygium and pterygium inversum unguis, koilonychia, subungual hematoma or other trauma to the nail, folic acid deficiency, leukonychia, nail patella syndrome, melanonychia, protein deficiency, brittle and peeling nails, methyl methacrylate damaged nails, vitamin C deficiency, vitamin deficiency, tinea unguis, thinning nails associated with lichen planus, Raynaud's disease, beeding associated with rheumatoid arthritis, beau's lines, and Mee's lines associated with certain kinds of poisoning.
• Embodiment 12 The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of: Anise oil; Castor oil; Clove oil; Cassia oil; Cinnamon oil; oils having a specific gravity between 0.90 and 0.95; Almond oil; Corn oil; Arachis oil;
• Cottonseed oil Safflower oil; Maize oil; Linseed oil; Rapeseed oil; Soybean oil; Olive oil;
• Caraway oil Rosemary oil; Peanut oil; Peppermint oil; Sunflower oil; Eucalyptus oil; Sesame oil; an oil having a specific gravity specific gravity below 0.9; Mineral oil;
• Coriander oil Lavender oil; Citronella oil; Juniper oil; Lemon oil; Orange oil; Clary sage oil; Nutmeg oil; and, Tea tree oil or mixtures thereof.
• Embodiment 13 The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the oil-in- water emulsion further contains a surfactant selected from the group consisting of Polysorbate 80, carboxylated and ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, block polymers, fatty acids including carboxylic fatty acids, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, lignin derivatives, methyl esters, mono- and tri-glycerides, polyethylene glycols, polymeric surfactants, propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohols, or alkyl phenols, protein based surfactants, sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives or mixtures thereof.
• a surfactant selected from the group consisting of Polysorbate 80, carboxylated and ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, block polymers, fatty acids including carboxylic fatty acids, e
• Embodiment 14 The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the oil is present in a concentration selected from the group consisting of 1.25% w/v, 0.01% - w/v - 10.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 5.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 4.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 3.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 2.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 1.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.9% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.7% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.6 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.5 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.4 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.3 % w/v
• Embodiment 15 A method of enhancing nail health, enhancing cuticle health and/or enhancing nail growth in a human or animal, the method comprising:
• an oil-in-water emulsion to the nails, cuticles or nail matrix of the human or animal at least once a day, wherein the emulsion comprises an immunomodulator and/or an anti-flammatory.
• Embodiment 16 The method of Embodiment 15, wherein the oil-in-water emulsion comprises cyclosporine A.
• Embodiment 17 The method of Embodiment 15, wherein the oil-in-water emulsion comprises ketorolac.
• Embodiment 18 The method of any of Embodiments 15-18, wherein the oil is castor oil and the oil-in-water emulsion further comprises the surfactant polysorbate 80.
• Embodiment 19 The method of any of Embodiments 15-18, wherein the emulsion further comprises glycerine.
• Embodiment 20 The method of Embodiment 15, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of: Anise oil; Castor oil; Clove oil; Cassia oil; Cinnamon oil; oils having a specific gravity between 0.90 and 0.95; Almond oil; Corn oil; Arachis oil; Cottonseed oil; Safflower oil; Maize oil; Linseed oil; Rapeseed oil; Soybean oil; Olive oil; Caraway oil; Rosemary oil; Peanut oil; Peppermint oil; Sunflower oil; Eucalyptus oil; Sesame oil; an oil having a specific gravity specific gravity below 0.9; Mineral oil; Coriander oil; Lavender oil; Citronella oil; Juniper oil; Lemon oil; Orange oil; Clary sage oil; Nutmeg oil; and, Tea tree oil.
• the oil is selected from the group consisting of: Anise oil;
• Embodiment 21 The method of Embodiment 15, wherein the oil-in- water emulsion further comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of Polysorbate 80, carboxylated and ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, block polymers, fatty acids including carboxylic fatty acids, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, lignin derivatives, methyl esters, mono- and tri-glycerides, polyethylene glycols, polymeric surfactants, propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohols, or alkyl phenols, protein based surfactants, sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives.
• a surfactant selected from the group consisting of Polysorbate 80, carboxylated and ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, block polymers, fatty acids including carboxylic fatty acids, ethoxylated
• Embodiment 22 The method of any of Embodiments 15-21, wherein the oil is present in a concentration selected from the group consisting of 0.01% - w/v - 10.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 5.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 4.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 3.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 2.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v - 1.0% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.9% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.8% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.7% w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.6 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.5 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.4 % w/v, 0.1% w/v -0.3 % w/v, 0.1%
• Embodiment 23 The method of any of Embodiments 15-22, wherein the surfactant is present in a concentration selected from the group consisting of 1.0%> w/v, 0.01% - w/v -
• Embodiment 24 The method of any of Embodiments 15-23 which is also useful for treating a disorder of the toenail and fingernail selected from the group consisting of Brittle Nail Syndrome, nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy, brittle nail syndrome, increasing nail length and thickness, onychia, onychiagryposis, onychia trophia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychauxis,
• a disorder of the toenail and fingernail selected from the group consisting of Brittle Nail Syndrome, nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy, brittle nail syndrome, increasing nail length and thickness, onychia, onychiagryposis, onychia trophia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis
• onychomycosis onychorrhexis, tinea unguium, onychophosis, onychoptosis, paronychia, pseudomonas, pterygium and pterygium inversum unguis, koilonychia, subungual hematoma or other trauma to the nail, folic acid deficiency, leukonychia, nail patella syndrome, melanonychia, protein deficiency, brittle and peeling nails, methyl methacrylate damaged nails, vitamin C deficiency, vitamin deficiency, tinea unguis, thinning nails associated with lichen planus, Raynaud's disease, beeding associated with rheumatoid arthritis, beau's lines, and Mee's lines associated with certain kinds of poisoning.
• Embodiment 25 Use of a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of Brittle Nail Syndrome, nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy, onychia, onychiagryposis, onychia trophia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy, onychogryposis, onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychauxis, onychomycosis, onychorrhexis, tinea unguium, onychophosis, onychoptosis, paronychia, pseudomonas, pterygium and pterygium inversum unguis, koilonychia, subungual hematoma or other trauma to the nail, folic acid deficiency, leukonychia, nail patella syndrome, melanonychia, protein deficiency, brittle and peeling nails,
• Embodiment 26 The use of Embodiment 25, wherein cyclosporine is present in a concentration selected from the group consisting of 0.1 to 20 % w/v, 0.1 - 10 % w/v, 0.1 - 5% w/v, 0.1 - 1.0% w/v, 0.09% - 0.1% w/v, 0.08% - 0.1% w/v, 0.07% - 0.1% w/v, 0.06% - 0.1% w/v, 0.05% - 0.1% w/v, 0.04% - 0.1% w/v, 0.03% - 0.1% w/v, 0.02% - 0.1% w/v, 0.01% - 0.1% w/v, 0.01 - 0.09%, 0.01 - 0.08% 0.01 - 0.07% w/v, 0.01 - 0.06 % w/v, 0.01 - 0.05% w/v, 0.01 - 0.04% w/v, 0.01 -
• “Brittle Nail Syndrome” means brittleness, fragility, hangnails, peeling, cracking, raggedness, dullness, thinning, layering, roughness, and/or fraying of the nail.
• Cuticle or "eponychium” means the thickened layer of skin surrounding the nail.
• Endhancing nail growth means an increase in nail growth rate and/or nail thickness.
• “Enhancing nail health” or “improving nail health” means a decrease in nail pitting, nail cracking, nail splitting, nail dullness, nail roughness, (trachyonychia) nail raggedness, nail peeling, nail fraying, tendency to tear, nail layering (lamellar onychoschizia), Beau's lines, onycohmadesis, oncholysis, onychorrhexis, nail fragility, nail paronychia, nail onychomycosis, and/or Brittle Nail Syndrome.
• “Enhancing nail health” includes the treatment of Brittle Nail Syndrome.
• Excipients means any material that is combined with a drug (e.g. "immunomodulator” and/or "anti-inflammatory") in order to produce a drug dosage form. Such Excipients can be combined, for example, to facilitate drug delivery.
• excipients include, for example, water, oils, surfactants and colorants.
• Nail means toenail and/or fingernail. Nail includes the nail plate, the nail matrix, the nail bed below it, and the nail grooves surrounding it. Nails are made of keratin.
• Safety and effective amount means an amount of the composition which is sufficient to provide a level of treatment to a condition, but is not so great as to provide side effects to the user that are so great as to make treatment medically imprudent.
• “Therapeutically effective” or “treatment” in context of a formulation means that when applied to the nail according to sound medical practice, it causes a demonstratable effect to enhance nail health, enhance cuticle health, and/or enhance nail growth. Such demonstration can be at the gross pathological level (e.g. visual improvement of nail health by, for example, reduction in brittleness, peeling, cracking, raggedness, roughness and/or hangnails; and/or measurable increase in nail growth), or subjective level (subject's perception of enhanced nail health, cuticle health and/or nail growth).
• Therapeutically effective or Treatment can be curative, palliative and/or prophylactic or preventive treatment.
• “%" in reference to a concentration of a component of a composition means the ratio of weight of a component to total weight expressed as a percent, unless otherwise stated.
• compositions for practicing the invention can be emulsions, colloids, suspensions, semi-solids, solutions, dispersions, capsules, gels, lotions, creams and the like.
• Compositions of the present invention include at least one of an immunomulator (e.g. cyclosporine), anti-inflammatory (e.g. ketorolac), retinoid (e.g. tazarotene), biotin, and silicone.
• an immunomulator e.g. cyclosporine
• anti-inflammatory e.g. ketorolac
• retinoid e.g. tazarotene
• biotin e.g. tazarotene
• silicone e.g. tazarotene
• cyclosporine components can be combined with carriers which form emulsions upon mixing with water.
• Such emulsions are described, for example, and without limitation, in Cavanak U.S. Pat. No. 4,388,307, the disclosure of which is
• compositions of the present invention are applied topically on the nail by an applicator and in certain embodiments can be administered once or multiple times-a-day.
• the emulsion formulations work to enhance nail health, enhance cuticle health, and/or enhance nail growth. For example, in certain
• the emulsion formulations work to improve and/or restore nails and cuticles to their natural health (e.g. to thicken, strengthen and smooth the nail), and improved nail growth in thickness and length.
• the compositions of the present invention may be used for treatment of disorders of the toenail and fingernail such as Brittle Nail Syndrome, nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy, brittle nail syndrome, increasing nail length and thickness, onychia, onychiagryposis, onychia trophia, onychocryptosis, onychodystrophy,
• onychogryposis onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychauxis, onychomycosis, onychorrhexis, tinea unguium, onychophosis, onychoptosis, paronychia, pseudomonas, pterygium and pterygium inversum unguis, koilonychia, subungual hematoma or other trauma to the nail, folic acid deficiency, leukonychia, nail patella syndrome, melanonychia, protein deficiency, brittle and peeling nails, methyl methacrylate damaged nails, vitamin C deficiency, vitamin deficiency, tinea unguis, thinning nails associated with lichen planus, Raynaud's disease, beeding associated with rheumatoid arthritis, beau's lines, and Mee's lines associated with certain kinds of poisoning.
• compositions will contribute to enhance global nail health, increase nail strength, increase nail growth rate and thickness, increase cuticle health, decrease brittle nail syndrome, decrease weak nails, decrease nail pitting, decrease nail cracking, decrease nail splitting, decrease nail dullness, decrease nail roughness, (trachyonychia) decrease nail raggedness, decrease nail peeling, decrease nail fraying, decrease nails tendency to tear, decrease nail layering (lamellar onychoschizia), decrease Beau's lines, decrease onycohmadesis, decrease oncholysis, decrease onychorrhexis, decrease nail fragility, decrease nail paronychia, and decrease nail onychomycosis.
• the emulsions include hydrophobic components such as a pharmaceutically acceptable oil.
• the hydrophobic component may be present in an effective amount, for example, in an amount of up to about 0.01% - 90% w/v but preferably from about 0.01— 10% by w/v, 0.05% - 5% w/v, 0.05% - 2% w/v or 1.0% - 1.5% by w/v.
• useful pharmaceutically acceptable oils include vegetable oils, animal oils, mineral oils, synthetic oils and the like and mixtures thereof.
• the hydrophobic component may comprise or consist of one or higher fatty acid glycerides.
• the hydrophobic component comprises castor oil.
• Surfactants may also be present in amounts of up to about 0.01 - 10%> by w/v, 0.05%> - 5%> w/v, 0.05%) - 2%> w/v or 1.0% - 1.5% by w/v.
• Surfactants may include alcohols including carboxylated and ethoxylated alcohols, amine oxides, block polymers, fatty acids including carboxylic fatty acids, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, lignin derivatives, methyl esters, mono- and tri-glycerides, polyethylene glycols, polymeric surfactants, propoxylated and ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohols, or alkyl phenols, protein based surfactants, sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives,
• the surfactant is a polysorbate and in particular polysorbate 80, but other surfactants may be used.
• Nonionic surfactants can be used, including those surfactants having a hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) of 10 or more.
• HLB hydrophile/lipophile balance
• certain combinations of high- and low-HLB surfactants may be utilized; including such mixed surfactants used in ratio such that the aggregate surfactant HLB (when weighted according to proportions used) remains in excess of 10.
• surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylene derivatives of natural or hydrogenated vegetable oils such as castor oil; polyoxyethylene - sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as mono-, di- and tri-lauryl, palmityl, stearyl and oleyl esters; alkyl/dialykyl sulfate, sulfonate or sulfosuccinate salts such as sodium lauryl sulfate and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate; polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters; phospholipids such as lecithins; transesterification products of natural vegetable oil triglycerides and polyalkylene polyols; sorbitan fatty acid esters; pentaerythritol fatty acid esters; polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers and esters; and the like.
• the surfactants may be used alone or in combination.
• surfactants examples include, without limitation, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, such as polyoxyethylene glycerol triricinoleate polyoxyl 35 castor oil (CREMOPHOR® EL, available from BASF Corporation), and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (CREMOPHOR® RH40, available from BASF Corporation); mono-fatty acid esters of poloxyethylene (20) sorbitan, such as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (TWEEN® 60), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (TWEEN® 40), and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (TWEEN® 20) (all available from ICI Surfactants, Wilmington, Del.); polyoxyethylene glycol 200 monostearate (MYRJ® 52, available from Calgene Chemicals, Skokie, 111.); polyglycerol esters with a HLB of 10 or
• low-HLB auxiliary surfactants which may be used include, but are not limited to, polyglycerol oleates (such as CAPROL® 10G40); lecithins; glyceryl monooleate or monolinoleate mixtures (such as MYVEROL® 18-99 or 18-92); propylene glycol laurate; and sorbitan oleates such as sorbitan monooleate (SPAN® 80), sorbitan trioleate (SPAN® 85), and sorbitan sesquioleate (SPAN® 20) (all available from ICI Surfactants, Wilmington, Del.).
• the surfactant phase may comprise about 10% to 90% by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments the surfactant comprises about 20% to about 70%) of the composition, and other embodiments about 40%> to
• An immunomodulator also known as an immunotherapy is a substance (e.g. a drug) which has an effect on the immune system.
• Immunomodulators may be used in compositions of the present invention, and include immunosuppressants, immunostimulants and tolerogens. Immunosuppressants inhibit immune response, for example, in autoimmune diseases. Immunostimulants increase the immune response, and can be useful, for example, in infections, immunodeficiency and cancers. Tolerogens induce tolerance and make tissue non- responsive to antigen.
• Immunomomodulators that can be used in compositions of the present invention include and are not limited to: cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, chlorambucil, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, muromonab CD3, antithymocyte globin (ATG), Rho (D) immuneglobin, efalizumab, levamisole, thalidomide, and mixtures thereof.
• the immunomodulator used in the composition is cyclosporine.
• compositions of the present invention may contain cyclosporine or other active compounds.
• Cyclosporines are a group of nonpolar cyclic oligopeptides with known immunosuppressant activity. Cyclosporine A, along with several other minor metabolites, as well as cyclosporine B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z, have been identified.
• derivatives, salts and the like of such cyclosporines and a number of synthetic analogs have been prepared and may be useful in the present invention.
• cyclosporines may contain a mixture of several individual cyclosporines which all share a cyclic peptide structure consisting of eleven amino acid residues with a total molecular weight of about 1,200, but with different substituents or configurations of some of the amino acids.
• cyclosporine component as used herein is intended to include any individual member of the cyclosporine group, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, analogs thereof and mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of two or more individual cyclosporines salts thereof, derivatives thereof, analogs thereof and mixtures thereof.
• cyclosporine components include, without limitation, cyclosporine A, derivatives of cyclosporine A, salts of cyclosporine A and the like and mixtures thereof. Cyclosporine A is a useful cyclosporine component.
• cyclosporine As used herein the term "derivatives" of a cyclosporine refer to compounds having structures sufficiently similar to the cyclosporine so as to function in a manner substantially similar to or substantially identical to the cyclosporine, for example, cyclosporine A, in the present methods.
• cyclosporine A derivatives include those selected from ((R)-methylthio-Sar) 3 -(4'-hydroxy-MeLeu) cyclosporine A, ((R)- (Cyclo)alkylthio-Sar) 3 -(4'-hydroxy-MeLeu) 4 -cyclosporine A, and ((R)-(Cyclo)alkylthio- Sar) 3 -cyclosporine A derivatives described below.
• Me is methyl; Alk is 2-6C alkylene or 3-6C cycloalkylene; R is OH, COOH, alkoxycarbonyl, -NRiR 2 or N(R 3 )— (CH 2 )— NRi R 2 ; wherein Ri,R 2 is H, alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, phenyl (optionally substituted by halo, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino), benzyl or saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl having 5 or 6 members and 1-3 heteroatoms; or NRiR 2 is a 5 or 6 membered heterocycle which may contain a further N, O or S heteroatom and may be alkylated; R 3 is H or alkyl and n is 2-4; and the alkyl moieties contain 1-4C.
• An anti-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory drug is one or more dermatologically acceptable agents with anti-inflammatory activity which includes agents that blunt an inflammatory reaction, irrespective to the underlying mechanism (e.g. inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, leukotriene production, macrophage function, etc).
• Antiinflammatory drugs that can be used in the present invention include and are not limited to small molecules with elucidated structures (e.g. a nonsteroidal inflammatory drug or NSAID), and include polymorphs, crystal habits thereof, prodrugs and isomers thereof (including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers), enantiomers, salts, solvates and complexes thereof and solvates and complexes of salts thereof.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs which may be used in the compositions of the present invention include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids (e.g. corticosteroids), and biological or botanical extracts or preparations.
• NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• steroids e.g. corticoster
• Ketorolac is a NSAID in the family of heterocyclic acetic acid derivative. Ketorolac acts by inhibiting the bodily synthesis of prostaglandins by competitive blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase. Ketorolac is an isostere of ketoprofen. More precisely, it is a dihydropyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to indomethacin. Derivatives, salts and the like of ketorolac have been prepared and may be useful in the present invention. In at least one embodiment, the tromethamine salt of ketorolac is used in a composition of the present invention.
• ketorolac ( ⁇ )-5-benzoyl- 2, 3-dihydro-lH-pyrrolizine-l -carboxylic acid, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol.
• ketorolac The chemical structure of ketorolac is represented by:
• Oils Oils which may be used in the compositions of the present invention, in particular emulsions, and which may be used in combinations of oils including two or more oils and in combination with surfactants, in combinations of two or more surfactants, include but are not limited to:
• Surfactants which may be used in the present invention in combination with one or more oils and in combination with one or more surfactants include, but are not limited to:
• Alcohols including but not limited to:
• Diglycerol ® which is available from Solvay Chemicals, Inc.
• Hetoxide GT-80 ® which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.
• Lexemul BEO ® which is available from Inolex
• Amine Oxides including but not limited to:
• AO-405 ® which is available from Tomah Products ® , Inc.
• AO-455 ® which is available from Tomah Products ® , Inc.
• AO 728 Special ® which is available from Tomah Products ® , Inc.
• Barlox 12 ® which is available from Lonza Inc.
• Barlox 14 ® which is available from Lonza Inc.
• Burcoxide Lo ® which is available from Burlington Chemical Co. ® , Inc.
• Caloxamine LO ® which is available from Pilot Chemical Co.
• Chemoxide CAW ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemoxide LM-30 ® which is available from
• Genaminox KC ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genaminox LA ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Hartofoam SAO ® which is available from Hart Chemical Corp.
• Hartox DMCD ® which is available from Hart Chemical Corp.
• Lipowax DAT ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lipowax PB Pastilles ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Mackamine C8 ® which is available from The Mclntyre Group
• Mackamine CIO ® which is available from The Mclntyre Group
• Mackamine CI 4 ® which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mackamine CAO ® , which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mackamine CO ® , which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mackamine LO ® , which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mackamine 02 ® , which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mackamine SAO ® , which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mackamine SO ® , which is available from The Mclntyre Group; Mazox KCAO ® , which is available from BASF Corp.; Monalac MO ® , which is available from Uniqema; Norfox LDA ® , which is available from Norman, Fox & Co.; Rhodamox LO ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Schercamox C-AA ® , which is available from Noveon ® , Inc.; Schercamox D
• Block Polymers including, but not limited to:
• AL 2070 ® which is available from Uniqema; Antarox 17-R-2 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Antarox 25-R-2 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Antarox 31-R-l ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Antarox P-84 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Antarox P-104/H ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Arnox BP-Series ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Chemonic 435 ® , which is available from Chemron Corp.; Chemonic D-25 ® , which is available from Chemron Corp.; Chemonic PL Series ® , which is available from Chemron Corp.; Ethox L-121 , which is available from Ethox Chemicals, LLC; Ethox L-122 ® , which is available from Ethox Chemicals, LLC; Genapol
• Simulsol NW 342 ® which is available from Seppic Inc.; T-Det BP-1 ® , which is available from Harcros Chemicals Inc.; T-Det XD ® , which is available from Harcros Chemicals Inc.; T-Det XH ® , which is available from Harcros Chemicals Inc.; Triton CF-32 ® , which is available from Dow Chemical Company; Witconol 171 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witconol 324 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witconol 324D ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witconol PD-2000 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Chemal BP 261 ® ; Chemal BP 262 ® ; Chemal BP 3172 ® ; Chemal BP 3174 ® ; Pluronic 10R5 ® ; Pluronic
• Carboxylated Alcohols or Alkylphenol Ethoxylates including but not limited to, Emcol CN-6 ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Ethcarb ® , which is available from Ethox Chemicals, LLC; Gemtex WNT-Conc ® , which is available from Finetex Inc.; Incrodet TD7-C ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Marlinat CM 105/80 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Marlowet 1072 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Marlowet 4530 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Marlowet 4530 LF ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Marlowet 4534 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Marlowet 4538 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Marlowet 4539 ® , which is available from Sasol North
• Carboxylic Acids/Fatty Acids including, but not limited to:
• Colaterge RAM ® which is available from Colonial Chemical Co.
• Colatrope INC ® which is available from Colonial Chemical Co.
• Crodacid B ® which is available from Croda Inc.
• DeTrope CA-100 ® which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.
• Latol MTO ® which is available from Georgia-Pacific Corp.
• Lumulse CC-33 K ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Mulls 2218 ® which is available from Bernel Chemical Co.
• Sandopan MA- 18 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation.
• Ethoxylated Alcohols including, but not limited to,
• Adsee 799 ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Adsee 799 ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Alfonic 610-3.5 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 810-2 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 810-6 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 1012-3 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 1012-5 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 1216CO-1.5 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 1216CO-7 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 1412- 3 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Alfonic 1412-7 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Arlasolve 200 ® , which is available from Uniqema; Arlasolve 200
• Brij 76 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Brij 78 ® which is available from
• Brij 93 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Brij 97 ® which is available from
• Brij 98 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Brij 700 ® which is available from
• Brij 700 S ® which is available from Uniqema
• Brij 721 ® which is available from
• Canasol BJ 35 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v; Canasol BJ
• Canasol BJ 52 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canasol BJ 58 ® which is available from
• Canasol BJ 78 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v; Canasol
• Chemonic C-2 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic C-10 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic C-20 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.;
• Chemonic CT-12 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic CT-20 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic CT-30 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.;
• Chemonic CT-55 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic G-7 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic G-26 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.;
• Chemonic L-4 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic L-7 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic L-12 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemron Corp. Chemonic 0-5 ® , which is available from Chemron Corp.; Chemonic O-10 ® , which is available from Chemron Corp.; Chemonic O-20 ® , which is available from Chemron
• Chemonic S-2 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic S-10 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Chemonic S-20 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Colamulse FE ® which is available from Colonial Chemical Co.
• Cremophor A 20 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Cremophor SA 2 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Dehydol 100 ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.
• Dehydol 0-4 ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.
• Delonic C-18 ® which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.
• DeSonic 6T which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic 9D which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic 9T ® which is available from Crompton
• DeSonic 12D ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic 12T ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic 15T ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic TDA-9 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeThox GLG-7 ® which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.
• DeThox GLG-26 ® which is available from
• DeForest Enterprises, Inc. DeThox LA-4 ® , which is available from DeForest Enterprises,
• DeThox LA-23 ® which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.
• DeThox SA-80 ® which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.
• Disponil 05 ® which is available from
• LA-230 ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Ethylan SN ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Ethylan TD-60 ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Ethylan TD-100 ® which is available from Akzo
• Eumulgin B2 ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.
• Eumulgin B3 ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.
• Eumulgin O- 10 ® which is available from Cognis
• Genapol 1454 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol BA-020 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol BA-040 ® which is available from Clariant
• Genapol C- 100 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol DA Genapol DA
• Genapol HS 020 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol HS 200 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol ID-040 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol ID-060 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol ID-090 ® which is available from Clariant
• Genapol LA 010 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol LA 030 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol LA 040 which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol LA 050 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol LA 060 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol LA 070 ® which is available from Clariant
• Genapol LA 070S ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol O 020 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Clariant Corporation Genapol O 050 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation;
• Genapol O 100 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol O 200 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol SA 030 ® which is available from Clariant
• Genapol SA 120 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol UD-030 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol UD-050 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol UD-070 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol UD-079 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol UD-080 ® which is available from Clariant
• Genapol UD-110 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol X is Genapol X
• Genapol X 050 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Clariant Corporation Genapol X 060 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation;
• Genapol X 070 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol X 080 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol X 100 ® which is available from Clariant
• Iconol LF 110 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Incropol CS-20 ® which is available from Croda Inc.
• Lexemul CS-20 ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• EG- 1 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lipowax D ® which is available from
• Lipo Chemicals, Inc. Lipowax G ® , which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.; Lipowax
• Lipo Chemicals, Inc. Lipowax P ® , which is available from Lipo
• Lipowax P-31 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lipowax PR ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lumulse CS-20 ® which is available from
• Promulgen G ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.; Renex 30 ® , which is available from Uniqema; Renex 36 , which is available from Uniqema; Rhodasurf A 24 , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Rhodasurf AAE-10 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Rhodasurf
• Rhodia, Inc. Rhodasurf BEH-40 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Rhodia, Inc. Rhodasurf DA 530 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Rhodasurf DA 630 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Rhodasurf DA 639 ® which is available from Rhodia
• Rhodasurf LAN-23 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Rhodasurf ON-870 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Rhodasurf ON-877 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Rhodasurf TB-970 FLK ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Ritacet-20 ® which is available from RITA Corp.
• Ritachol 1000 ® which is available from RITA Corp.
• Teginacid ® which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp.
• Teginacid C ® which is available from
• Tinegal NA ® which is available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.
• Tomadol 400 ® which is available from Tomah Products ® , Inc.
• Tomadol 600 ® which is available from Tomah Products ® , Inc.
• Tomadol 900 ® which is available from Tomah
• Chemal OA-5 ® Chemal OA-9 ® ; Chemal TDA-12 ® ; Chemal TDA-15 ® ; Chemal TDA-3 ® ;
• Tergitol NP-15 ® Tergitol NP-30 ® ; Tergitol NP-30 (70 AQ) ® ; Tergitol NP-4 ® ;Tergitol NP- 40 ® ; Tergitol NP-40 (70 AQ) ® ; Tergitol NP-50 (70 AQ) ® ; Tergitol NP-55 (70 AQ) ® ; Tergitol NP-6 ® ; Tergitol NP-7 ® ; Tergitol NP-70 (70 AQ) ® ; Tergitol NP-8 ® ; Tergitol NP-9 ® ; Tergitol NP-9.5 ® ; Tergitol TMN-10 ® ; Tergitol TMN-3 ® ; Tergitol TMN-6 ® ; Tergitol XD ® ; Tergitol XH ® ; Tergitol XJ ® ; Tomad
• Ethoxylated Alkylphenols including, but not limited to:
• Antarox LF-222 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Atlox 775 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Caloxylate N-9 ® which is available from Pilot Chemical Co.
• Canasol NF- 1000 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canasol NF- 3000 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canasol NF-3070 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canasol OF 1670 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canasol OF 2570 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canasol OF 4070 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Chemax DNP-8 ® which is available from Chemax Performance Solutions
• Chemax DNP- 18 ® which is available from Chemax Performance Solutions
• Chemax DNP- 150/50 ® which is available from Chemax Performance Solutions
• DeSonic 1.5N ® which is available from Crompton Corp.;
• Hetoxide NP-4 ® which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.
• Hetoxide NP-30 ® which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.
• Hostapal N-100 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Hostapal N-l 10 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Igepal CTA- 639 W ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Igepal DAP-9 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Igepal OD-410 which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Igepal SS-837 which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Lipocol NP-9 USP ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Macol DNP-10 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Marlophen NP 5 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Marlophen P 1 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Soprophor BSU ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Soprophor CY/8 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Soprophor S/25 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Witconol NIO ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Witconol NIW ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Witconol S-100 ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Cedepal CA-210 ® Cedepal CA-520 ® ; Cedepal CA-630 ® ; Cedepal CA-720 ® ; Cedepal CA-890 ® ; Cedepal CA-897 ® ; Cedepal CO-210 ® ;
• Ethoxylated Fatty Acids including, but not limited to:
• Aldo PGHMS ® which is available from Lonza Inc.; Alkamuls TO-15/HR ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Armotan AL-69-66 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Cerasynt 840 ® , which is available from International Specialty Products/IS; Cerasynt 945 ® , which is available from International Specialty Products/IS; Crystal Inhibitor No.
• Lumulse 40-S ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumulse 42-L ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumulse 42-S ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumulse 100-S ® which is available from Lambent
• Magrabar Chemical Corp. which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar PGE-20T ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar PGE -22-0 ® which is available from
• Magrabar Chemical Corp. Magrabar PGE-22L ® , which is available from Magrabar Chemical
• Magrabar PGE-22T ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.; Magrabar
• Magrabar Chemical Corp. Magrabar PGE-42-0 ® , which is available from Magrabar
• Magrabar PGE-42L ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.;
• Magrabar PGE-42T ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.; Magrabar PGE-60-
• Magrabar PGE-60L ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar PGE-60T ® which is available from
• Magrabar Chemical Corp. Magrabar PGE-62-0 ® , which is available from Magrabar
• Magrabar PGE-62L ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.;
• Magrabar PGE-62T ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Mapeg S-40K ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Marlowet OTS ® which is available from Sasol North
• DeThox Acid TO-14 ® DeThox Acid TO-16.5 ® ; DeThox Acid TO-8.5 ® ; Emerest 2704 ® ;
• Emerest 2712 ® Emerest 2715 ® ; Ethox MA-8 ® ; Ethox MI- 14 ® ; Ethox ML-14 ® ; Ethox ML-
• Lumulse PEG 1450 ® ; Lumulse PEG 1450
• Ethoxylated Fatty Esters or Oils including, but not limited to: Acconon 6-ClO ® , which is available from Abitec Corporation; Acconon CC-6 ® , which is available from Abitec Corporation; Acconon CO-7 ® , which is available from Abitec Corporation; Aldosperse 40/60 FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldosperse ML- 23 ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldosperse MS-20 FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Alkamuls EL-620 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Alkamuls EL-719 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Alkamuls EL-985 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Arlatone G ® , which is available from Uniqema; Arlatone T ® , which is available from Uni
• Cremophor CO 410 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Cremophor EL ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Cremophor GC7 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Cremophor RH-40 ® which is available from BASF Corp.; Crovol A-40 ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Crovol A-70 ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Crovol M-70 ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Crovol PK-70 ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Cutina E-24 ® , which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.; Dacospin 12-R ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Dehymuls HRE-7 ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation;
• DeSonic 30C ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic 36C ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSonic 40C ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Durfax 60 ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Durfax 65 ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Durfax 80 ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Durfax EOM ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Eccoterge NF-2 ® which is available from Eastern Color & Chemical Co.
• Emulpon CO-360 ® which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Emulpon CO-550 which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC
• Emulsogen EL ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Emulsogen HCO 040 ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Eumulgin RO-40 ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.; Genapol G-260 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Glycosperse L-20 ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse 0-5 ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse O-20 ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse O-20 FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse S- 20 ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse S-20 FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse TS-20 ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Glycosperse TS-20 FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Hetan SL ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetan SO ® ,
• Hetoxide C-9 ® which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide C-15 ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide C-25 ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide C-40 ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide C-200 ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide C-200-50% ® , which is available from Global- Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide GC-30 ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Hetoxide HC-60 ® , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Ice No.
• Chemax El 000 MO ® Chemax El 000 MS ® ; Chemax E200 MS ® ; Chemax E400 MS ® ;
• Actralube-Syn 147 ® which is available from Georgia-Pacific Corp.; Atlas G-1556 ® , which is available from Uniqema; Atlas G-1564 ® , which is available from Uniqema; Atlasol Base Oil S ® , which is available from Atlas Refinery Inc.; Base ML ® , which is available from Keil Chemical; Base MT ® , which is available from Keil Chemical; Cerasynt 303 ® , which is available from International Specialty Products/IS; Dermol 1012 ® , which is available from Alzo International, Inc.; Kemester 4000 ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Lactipol S ® , which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v; Magrabar PGO ® , which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.; Mayco Base BFO ® , which is available from Dover Chemical Corp.; Methyl Linoleate ® , which is
• Glycerol Esters including but not limited to:
• Agro #9 Wint SBO ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.; Ahcovel Base 700 ® , which is available from Uniqema; Aldo HMS FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MLD ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MLD FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MO FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MS ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MS FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MS LG FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MSD ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldo MSD FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldosperse O-20 FG ® , which is available from Lonza Inc.; Aldosperse TS-20 ,
• Aldosperse TS-40 FG ® which is available from Lonza Inc.
• Arlacel 165 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Arlacel 186 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Capmul GMO ® which is available from Abitec Corporation
• Capmul GMS ® which is available from Abitec
• Caprol 3GO ® which is available from Abitec Corporation
• Caprol 3GVS ® which is available from Abitec Corporation
• Caprol 6G2S ® which is available from Abitec Corporation
• Caprol 10G40 which is available from Abitec Corporation
• Caprol 10G100 which is available from Abitec Corporation
• Caprol ET ® which is available from Abitec
• Chemsperse 14 ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Cremophor GO-32 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Cremophor GS11 ® which is available from BASF
• Cremophor GS-32 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Cutina KD-16 ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.
• Dehymuls PGPH ® which is available from Cognis
• DGMIS ® which is available from Alzo International, Inc.
• Dermol G-76 ® which is available from Alzo International, Inc.
• Dermol G-7DI ® which is available from Alzo International
• Dermol NGDI ® which is available from Alzo International, Inc.
• Dermolan GLH ® which is available from Alzo International, Inc.
• Drewmulse GMO ® which is available from
• Stepan Company Stepan Company
• Drewpol 3 -5 -M ® which is available from Stepan Company
• Emerest 2400 ® which is available from Cognis Corporation
• Emerest 2452 ® which is available from Cognis Corporation
• Empilan G-26 ® which is available from
• Imwitor 960 Flakes ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Isolan GI 34 ® which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp.
• Isolan GO 33 ® which is available from
• Kemester 1000 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 2000 ® which is available from Crompton
• Kemester 2000 ® which is available from Crompton
• Kemester 2000 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 6000SE ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Lamecreme DGE 18 ® which is available from Cognis Corporation; Lexemul 515 ® , which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.; Lexemul 561 , which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.; Lexemul AR ® , which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.; Lexemul AS ® , which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.; Lexemul GDL ® , which is available from Inolex
• Lexemul T ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• Lipomulse 165 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lumulse GML K ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumulse GMO K ® which is available from Lambent
• Lumulse GMR K ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumulse GMT K ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Magrabar GMC ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar GMO-CK ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar MDG-5050 ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar PGO-315 ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar PGO-1010 ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Mazol 300K ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Mazol GMO-K ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Mazol GMS-K ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Mazol PG031-K ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Miglyol 812 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Norfox 165
• Glycol Esters including, but not limited to:
• Alkamuls 600 DO ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Alkamuls SEG ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Atlas EM-2 ® which is available from Atlas Refinery Inc.
• Cerasynt IP which is available from International Specialty Products/IS
• Cerasynt M which is available from International Specialty Products/IS
• Cerasynt MN which is available from International Specialty Products/IS
• Cerasynt PA ® which is available from
• Chemsperse EGDS ® which is available from Chemron
• Chemsperse EGMS ® which is available from Chemron Corp.
• Colonial Monolaurin ® which is available from Colonial Chemical Co.
• DeMuls SGE-95 ® which is available from
• Emerest 2380 ® which is available from Cognis Corporation
• Ethox 2610 ® which is available from Ethox Chemicals, LLC
• Ethox DO-9 ® which is available from Ethox
• Fizul MD-318 ® which is available from Ethox Chemicals, LLC.
• Genapol EGDS-VHP ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Genapol EGDS-VHP ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• TS Powder ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Hostacerin WO ® which is available from Clariant Corporation
• Inversol 140 ® which is available from Keil Chemical
• Kemester 104 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 205 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 226 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 104 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 205 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 226 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 104 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 205 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 226 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester EGDS ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Lexemul EGDS ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• Lexemul EGMS ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• Lexemul P ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• Lipo DGLS ® Self-Emulsifying ® , which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lipo EGDS ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lipo EGMS ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• Lexemul P ® which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.
• Lipo EGDS ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• PGMS ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb S-4 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb TO-20 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Lumulse PGO ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Mackester EGDS ® which is available from The Mclntyre Group
• Mackester EGMS ® which is available from
• Monalube 315 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Monalube 320 ® which is available from
• Polycastorol PLO-840 ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.; Polytex 10M ® , which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.; Ritasynt IP , which is available from RITA Corp.; Ross Chem PEG 600 DT ® , which is available from Lubrizol Foam Control Additives; Schercemol PGMS ® , which is available from Noveon ® , Inc.; Sponto H-44C ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Tegin G ® , which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp.; Witbreak DGE-182 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witbreak DGE-182 ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Witbreak DRA-21 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witbreak DRA-21 ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; Witbreak DRA-50 ® , which is available from Akz
• Witconol RHP ® which is available from Crompton Corp.; Ethox DO-14 ® ; Ethox DO-9 ® ; Pegosperse 100-L ® ; Pegosperse 100-O ® ; Pegosperse 100-S ® ; Pegosperse 1500-MS ® ;
• Pegosperse 1750-MS ® Pegosperse 200 DL ® ; Pegosperse 200-ML ® ; Pegosperse 400-DL ® ; Pegosperse 400-DO ® ; Pegosperse 400-DS ® ; Pegosperse 400-ML ® ; Pegosperse 400-MO ® ; Pegosperse 400-MOT ® ; Pegosperse 400-MS ® ; Pegosperse 50-DS ® ; Pegosperse 50-MS ® ; Pegosperse 600-ML ® ; Pegosperse 600-MS ® ; Protegin V ® ; Protegin W ® ; Protegin WX ® ; and Protegin XV ® .
• Amerchol CAB ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.; Amerchol L-101 ® , which is available from Amerchol Corp.; Amerlate LFA-LO ® , which is available from Amerchol Corp.; Amerlate P ® , which is available from Amerchol Corp.; Barre Common Degras ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Cholesterol NF ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Crodalan AWS ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Crodalan LA ® , which is available from Croda Inc.; Emery 1650 ® , which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.; Emery 1650 ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Emery 1740 ® , which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.; Emery 1740 ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Forlan 500 ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Forlan L ® , which is available from
• Alcolec ® which is available from American Lecithin Co.
• Lecithin ® which is available from Archer Daniels Midland Company
• Lexin K ® which is available from American Lecithin Co.
• Natipide ® which is available from American Lecithin Co.
• Lignin and Lignin Derivatives including but not limited to:
• Diwatex XP 9 ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech USA Inc.
• Dynasperse LCD ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech USA Inc.
• Indulin SAL ® which is available from MeadWestvaco Corp.
• Indulin W-1 ® which is available from MeadWestvaco Corp.
• Indulin W-5 ® which is available from MeadWestvaco Corp.
• Lignosol FT A ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech USA Inc.
• Lignosol SFX-65 ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech USA Inc.
• Marasperse 52 CP ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech USA Inc.
• Marasperse AG ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech USA Inc.
• Marasperse CBOS-4 ® which is available from Borregaard Lignotech
• Methyl Esters including, but not limited to:
• E.B. Cleaner AK ® which is available from Eastern Color & Chemical Co.
• Oleocal ME-70 ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Oleocal ME-92 ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Oleocal ME-112 ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Oleocal ME-130 ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp..
• Monoglycerides and Derivatives including but not limited to: Dynacet 211 , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Hetsorb S-20 , which is available from Global-Seven, Inc.; Imwitor 191 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.; Imwitor 370 ® , which is available from Sasol North America Inc.;
• Imwitor 375 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Imwitor 900 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Imwitor 945 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Imwitor 2020 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Kemester 5500 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Kemester 6000 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Magrabar GMC ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.;
• Magrabar GMO-CK ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar GPC- 10 ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar MDG-5050 ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Monalube 335 ® which is available from Uniqema; Monoglycerides Glyceryl Monestearate Archer Daniels Midland Company
• Rita GMS ® which is available from RITA Corp.
• Ritamulse SCG ® which is available from RITA Corp.
• Softigen 701 ® which is available from Sasol North America Inc.
• Tally 100 Plus ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Polyethylene Glycols including, but not limited to,:
• Emulgade PL 68/50 ® which is available from Cognis Corporation; Lumulse PEG ® , which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.; Rhodasurf PEG-400 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; Rhodasurf PEG-600 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; and Witconol PEG-400 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC.
• Polymeric Surfactants including, but not limited to:
• Acritamer PNC-EG ® which is available from RITA Corp.; Ag-Rho DEP-775 ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.; APG 325N Glycoside ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Aristoflex AVC ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Aristoflex HMB ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Burco NPS-225 ® , which is available from Burlington Chemical Co. ® , Inc.; Burco NPS-816 ® , which is available from Burlington Chemical Co.
• Plantaren 1200N ® which is available from Cognis Corporation; Plantaren 2000N ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Viscolam AT 64 ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Viscolam AT 64P ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Viscolam AT 100 ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Viscolam MAC 7 ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Viscolam SMC 20 ® , which is available from RITA Corp.; Witbreak RTC-323 ® , which is available from Crompton Corp.; and WSI 3700 ® , which is available from Jacam
• Propoxylated & Ethoxylated Fatty Acids, Alcohols, or Alkyl Phenols including but not limited to:
• Antarox AA-60 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Antarox LF-224 ® which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Burcomul DFE-45 ® which is available from Burlington
• Chemal LF-40B ® which is available from Chemax Performance Solutions; Dehypon LS-36 ® , which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.; Dehypon LS-36 ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Dehypon LS-54 ® , which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.;
• Dehypon LS-54 ® which is available from Cognis Corporation; Delonic 100 VLF ® , which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.; Delonic LF-60 MOD ® , which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.; Empiderm B ® , which is available from Huntsman LLC; Ethylan 1206 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Ethylan NS-500K ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Ethylan NS-500LQ ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Genapol 1392 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Genapol 2317 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Genapol 26EP710 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Genapol EP 1022 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Genapol EP 1024 ® , which is available from Clariant Corporation; Genapol EP 60
• Surfonic L4-29X ® which is available from Huntsman LLC; Surfonic LF ® , which is available from Huntsman LLC; T-Det A826 ® , which is available from Harcros Chemicals Inc.; T-Det LF-416 ® , which is available from Harcros Chemicals Inc.; Tergitol Min-Foam IX ® , which is available from Dow Chemical Company; Tergitol Min-Foam 2X ® , which is available from Dow Chemical Company; Triton CF-21 ® , which is available from Dow Chemical Company; Triton CF-76 ® , which is available from Dow Chemical Company; Triton XL-80N ® , which is available from Dow Chemical Company; Witconol NS-98 ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witconol NS-108LQ ® , which is available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC; Witconol NS-145 ® , which is available
• Protein-based Surfactants including, but not limited to:
• AminoFoam W ® which is available from Croda Inc.; Amiter LGOD-2 ® , which is available from Ajinomoto USA, Inc.; Amiter LGS-2 ® , which is available from Ajinomoto USA, Inc.; Amiter LGS-5 ® , which is available from Ajinomoto USA, Inc.; Lamepon S ® , which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.; Lamepon S ® , which is available from Cognis Corporation; Maypon 4C ® , which is available from Inolex Chemical Co.; May-Tein C ® , which is available from Maybrook, Inc.; May-Tein CT ® , which is available from Maybrook,
• May-Tein KTS ® which is available from Maybrook, Inc.
• May-Tein SY ® which is available from Maybrook, Inc.
• Plantapon S ® which is available from Cognis Corporation
• Proteol APL ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Proteol OAT ® which is available from
• Supro-Tein S ® which is available from
• Crodasinic LS-30 ® which is available from Croda
• Vanseal CS ® which is available from R. T. Vanderbilt Co. Inc.
• Vanseal LS ® which is available from R. T. Vanderbilt Co. Inc.
• Vanseal MS ® which is available from R. T.
• Vanderbilt Co. Inc. Vanseal NACS-30 ® , which is available from R. T. Vanderbilt Co. Inc.;
• Vanseal NALS-95 ® which is available from R. T. Vanderbilt Co. Inc.
• Vanseal OS ® which is available from R. T. Vanderbilt Co. Inc.
• Silicone-based Surfactants including but not limited to, Abil-B-9950 ® , which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp.; Abil
• Surfactant ® Surfactant ® ; Dow Corning 5103 Surfactant ® ; Dow Corning FF400 Fluid ® ; Silwet L-7001 ® ;
• Rhodia, Inc. Alkamuls STO ® , which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Arlacel 20 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Arlacel 40 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Arlacel 60 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Arlacel 80 which is available from Uniqema
• Arlacel C which is available from Uniqema
• Armul 21 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• Atlox 80 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Atlox 847 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Canarcel 80 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canarcel TW 20 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canarcel TW 60 ® which is available from Canamex Quimicos S.A de C.v
• Canarcel TW 80 ® which is available from Canamex
• Customulse O-20 ® which is available from Custom Ingredients, Inc.
• Dehymuls E ® which is available from Cognis Canada Corp.
• DeSotan SMO ® which is available from Crompton
• DeSotan SMO-20 ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSotan SMT ® which is available from Crompton Corp.
• DeSotan SMT-20 ® which is available from Crompton
• Durfax 60 ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Durfax 65 ® which is available from Loders Croklaan U.S.A.
• Durfax 80 ® which is available from Loders
• Liposorb O ® which is available from Lipo
• Liposorb O-20 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb P ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb P-20 ® which is available from Lipo
• Liposorb S ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb S-20 ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb SQO ® which is available from Lipo
• Liposorb TO ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb TS ® which is available from Lipo Chemicals, Inc.
• Liposorb TS-20 ® which is available from Lipo
• Lumisorb PS ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumisorb SMO (T) ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.; Lumisorb SMS
• Lumisorb SSO ® which is available from Lambent Technologies Corp.
• Lumisorb STS K ® which is available from
• Magrabar SMO ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar SMO-VEG ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar SMT ® which is available from Magrabar Chemical Corp.
• Magrabar STO ® which is available from
• Tween 21 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 40 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 60 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 60 K ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 61 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 65 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 80 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 80 K ® which is available from Uniqema
• Tween 85 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Alkamuls PSML-20 ® Alkamuls PSMO-20 ®
• Alkamuls PSTO-20 ® Alkamuls PSTO-20 ®
• Cremophor PS 150 ® Cremophor PS20 ®
• Cremophor PS28 ® which is available from Uniqema
• Alkamuls PSML-20 ® Alkamuls PSMO-20 ®
• DeSulf GOS-P-60WCG ® which is available from DeForest Enterprises, Inc.
• Glucam E-20 Distearate ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.
• Glucamate DOE-120 ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.
• Glucamate SSE-20 ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.
• Glucate DO ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.
• Glucate SS ® which is available from Amerchol Corp.
• Glucopon 425 UP ® which is available from Cognis
• Isolan IS ® which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp.
• Mazon 40 ® which is available from BASF Corp.
• Montanov 82 ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Montanov 202 ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Montanov S ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Rheozan which is available from Rhodia, Inc.
• Simulsol AS 48 which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Simulsol SL 4 ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Simulsol SL 10 ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Simulsol SL 11 W ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Simulsol SL 55 ® which is available from Seppic Inc.
• Suga Nate 100 and 160 ® which is available from Colonial Chemical Co.
• Tego Care 450 ® which is available from Goldschmidt Chemical Corp.
• Tego Care CG 90 ® which is available from
• Wickenol 545 ® which is available from Alzo International, Inc; Tego Care 150 ® ; Tego Care 215 ® ; and Triton CG-110 (60%) ® .
• Useful surfactants for the present invention also include :
• sucrose stearate sucrose stearate
• alkyl glycoside alkyl polyglycoside
• compositions, in particular emulsions, of the present invention may optionally contain an active such as cyclosporine A and may be comprised, but not limited to, the following combinations:
• Cinnamon oil, and a sorbitan ester Cinnamon oil, and a sorbitan ester
• Linseed oil, and a sorbitan ester Linseed oil, and a sorbitan ester
• Rapeseed oil and a sorbitan ester
• Soybean oil, and a sorbitan ester Soybean oil, and a sorbitan ester
• Peanut oil and a sorbitan ester
• Peppermint oil, and a sorbitan ester Sunflower oil, and a sorbitan ester;
• Citronella oil and a sorbitan ester
• Clary sage oil and a sorbitan ester
• Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 80 are Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Soybean oil, and Polysorbate 80 are Soybean oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Peppermint oil, and Polysorbate 80 Sunflower oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 80 are Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 80 are Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Soybean oil, and Polysorbate 80 are Soybean oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Peanut oil, and Polysorbate 80 Peppermint oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 80 are Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 80;
• Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 60 Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 60
• Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 60 are Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 60;
• Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 40 Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 40
• Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 40 are Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 40;
• Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 20 Cinnamon oil, and Polysorbate 20;
• Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 20 are Citronella oil, and Polysorbate 20;
• Anise oil, and a stearate surfactant Anise oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Castor oil, and a stearate surfactant Castor oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Cinnamon oil, and a stearate surfactant Cinnamon oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Almond oil, and a stearate surfactant Almond oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Corn oil and a stearate surfactant
• Arachis oil, and a stearate surfactant Arachis oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Cottonseed oil, and a stearate surfactant Cottonseed oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Linseed oil, and a stearate surfactant Linseed oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Rapeseed oil, and a stearate surfactant Rapeseed oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Soybean oil, and a stearate surfactant Soybean oil, and a stearate surfactant; Olive oil, and a stearate surfactant;
• Rosemary oil and a stearate surfactant
• Peanut oil and a stearate surfactant
• Peppermint oil, and a stearate surfactant Peppermint oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Sunflower oil and a stearate surfactant
• Eucalyptus oil and a stearate surfactant
• Sesame oil, and a stearate surfactant Sesame oil, and a stearate surfactant
• Lavender oil and a stearate surfactant
• Citronella oil and a stearate surfactant
• Lemon oil and a stearate surfactant
• Clary sage oil and a stearate surfactant
• Cinnamon oil, and glyceryl stearate Cinnamon oil, and glyceryl stearate
• Cottonseed oil, and glyceryl stearate Cottonseed oil, and glyceryl stearate
• Linseed oil, and glyceryl stearate Linseed oil, and glyceryl stearate
• Rapeseed oil, and glyceryl stearate Rapeseed oil, and glyceryl stearate; Soybean oil, and glyceryl stearate;
• Peanut oil and glyceryl stearate
• Peppermint oil, and glyceryl stearate Peppermint oil, and glyceryl stearate
• Eucalyptus oil and glyceryl stearate
• Sesame oil, and glyceryl stearate Sesame oil, and glyceryl stearate
• Citronella oil and glyceryl stearate
• Clary sage oil, and glyceryl stearate Clary sage oil, and glyceryl stearate
• Cinnamon oil, and isopropyl stearate Cinnamon oil, and isopropyl stearate
• Peanut oil and isopropyl stearate
• Eucalyptus oil and isopropyl stearate
• Citronella oil and isopropyl stearate
• Clary sage oil, and isopropyl stearate Clary sage oil, and isopropyl stearate
• Castor oil, and polyoxyl stearate Castor oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Cinnamon oil, and polyoxyl stearate Cinnamon oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Corn oil and polyoxyl stearate
• Rapeseed oil, and polyoxyl stearate Rapeseed oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Soybean oil, and polyoxyl stearate Soybean oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Peanut oil and polyoxyl stearate
• Peppermint oil, and polyoxyl stearate Peppermint oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Sunflower oil and polyoxyl stearate
• Eucalyptus oil and polyoxyl stearate
• Lavender oil, and polyoxyl stearate Lavender oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Citronella oil and polyoxyl stearate
• Clary sage oil, and polyoxyl stearate Clary sage oil, and polyoxyl stearate
• Anise oil, and propylene glycol stearate Anise oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Castor oil, and propylene glycol stearate Castor oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Cinnamon oil, and propylene glycol stearate Cinnamon oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Safflower oil, and propylene glycol stearate Maize oil, and propylene glycol stearate;
• Linseed oil, and propylene glycol stearate Linseed oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Rapeseed oil, and propylene glycol stearate Rapeseed oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Soybean oil, and propylene glycol stearate Soybean oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Peppermint oil, and propylene glycol stearate Peppermint oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Sunflower oil and propylene glycol stearate
• Eucalyptus oil and propylene glycol stearate
• Citronella oil and propylene glycol stearate
• Clary sage oil, and propylene glycol stearate Clary sage oil, and propylene glycol stearate
• Cinnamon oil, and sucrose stearate Cinnamon oil, and sucrose stearate
• Linseed oil, and sucrose stearate Linseed oil, and sucrose stearate
• Rapeseed oil, and sucrose stearate Rapeseed oil, and sucrose stearate
• Soybean oil, and sucrose stearate Soybean oil, and sucrose stearate
• Peppermint oil, and sucrose stearate Peppermint oil, and sucrose stearate
• Citronella oil and sucrose stearate
• Clary sage oil, and sucrose stearate Clary sage oil, and sucrose stearate
• Anise oil and polyethylene glycol
• Cinnamon oil and polyethylene glycol
• Cottonseed oil and polyethylene glycol
• Linseed oil and polyethylene glycol
• Rapeseed oil and polyethylene glycol
• Soybean oil and polyethylene glycol
• Caraway oil and polyethylene glycol
• Peanut oil and polyethylene glycol
• Peppermint oil and polyethylene glycol
• Sunflower oil and polyethylene glycol
• Eucalyptus oil and polyethylene glycol
• Sesame oil and polyethylene glycol
• Citronella oil and polyethylene glycol
• Juniper oil and polyethylene glycol
• Clary sage oil and polyethylene glycol
• Anise oil and polyethylene oxide
• Castor oil and polyethylene oxide
• Cinnamon oil and polyethylene oxide
• Corn oil and polyethylene oxide
• Arachis oil and polyethylene oxide
• Linseed oil and polyethylene oxide
• Rapeseed oil and polyethylene oxide
• Soybean oil and polyethylene oxide
• Peanut oil and polyethylene oxide
• Peppermint oil and polyethylene oxide
• Eucalyptus oil and polyethylene oxide
• Citronella oil and polyethylene oxide
• Juniper oil and polyethylene oxide
• Cinnamon oil and polypropylene oxide
• Linseed oil and polypropylene oxide
• Rapeseed oil and polypropylene oxide
• Soybean oil and polypropylene oxide
• Peanut oil and polypropylene oxide
• Peppermint oil and polypropylene oxide
• Eucalyptus oil and polypropylene oxide
• Citronella oil and polypropylene oxide
• Juniper oil and polypropylene oxide
• Anise oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Castor oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Clove oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Cinnamon oil and a polyethylene oxide -polypropylene oxide copolyr an oil having a specific gravity from 0.90 to 0.95, and a polyethylene oxide- polypropylene oxide copolymer;
• Almond oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Corn oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Arachis oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Cottonseed oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Saffiower oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Maize oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Linseed oil and a polyethylene oxide -polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Rapeseed oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Soybean oil and a polyethylene oxide -polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Olive oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Caraway oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Rosemary oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Peanut oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Peppermint oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Sunflower oil and a polyethylene oxide -polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Eucalyptus oil and a polyethylene oxide -polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Sesame oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Coriander oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Lavender oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Citronella oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Juniper oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Lemon oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Clary sage oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Nutmeg oil and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer
• Castor oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Clove oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Linseed oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Rapeseed oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Soybean oil, and an alcohol ethoxylate Soybean oil, and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Eucalyptus oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Citronella oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Juniper oil and an alcohol ethoxylate
• Clary sage oil and an alcohol ethoxylate

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• 2012
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