EP2748556B1 - Ballistic multilayer arrangement - Google Patents

Ballistic multilayer arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2748556B1
EP2748556B1 EP12772404.5A EP12772404A EP2748556B1 EP 2748556 B1 EP2748556 B1 EP 2748556B1 EP 12772404 A EP12772404 A EP 12772404A EP 2748556 B1 EP2748556 B1 EP 2748556B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
ballistic
expanded
multilayer arrangement
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP12772404.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2748556A1 (en
Inventor
Ronald Tschiersch
Roland Phillips
Thorsten Meyer
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RELION protection systems AG
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RELION protection systems AG
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Priority claimed from CH01361/11A external-priority patent/CH705425B1/en
Priority claimed from DE201110053484 external-priority patent/DE102011053484A1/en
Application filed by RELION protection systems AG filed Critical RELION protection systems AG
Publication of EP2748556A1 publication Critical patent/EP2748556A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ballistic multilayer arrangement for the defense against projectiles or other highly accelerated parts.
  • Ballistic plates are used in all types of armor, be it on vehicles, airplanes, buildings or directly portable to persons.
  • the disadvantage is usually the very high weight of the plates must necessarily be thick enough to meet the bullet class.
  • a prior art ballistic plate 9 is shown, this has on the bombardment side a ceramic plate 91 with a projectile to be braked and at best partially disassembled followed by one or more layers of aramid fibers 92 finished with a steel plate 93rd
  • the object of the invention is to provide a ballistic multilayer arrangement which is reliable and saves material in the production.
  • a ballistic layer for a ballistic multilayer arrangement such that it is formed by an absorption layer which consists entirely or predominantly of expanded glass, wherein the expanded glass is in the form of sintered expanded glass granules which are in one dense packing or bed is held by a matrix surrounding the expanded glass granules.
  • Expanded glass is foamed glass with small, gas- or air-filled pores and can be produced in different grain sizes.
  • the granules are close to each other and are at least partially enclosed by the matrix.
  • the layer may be provided in the sense of the invention flexible as a mat or tarp or in particular with the further embodiments as a rigid plate.
  • the expanded glass granules have a granule size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm.
  • the expanded glass or expanded glass granules consist predominantly of SiO 2 . Further preferably contains as further ingredients Na 2 O and CaO and also preferably contains as further ingredients to a slight extent less than 10 weight percent Al 2 O 3 and / or MgO and / or K 2 O.
  • the matrix of the expanded glass granulate is formed according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention of plastic or resin or a plastic / resin / mixture, which is particularly impact resistant. This allows a particularly good energy absorption from the projectile.
  • plastic mixture polyurethane and / or polyethylene and / or oxide resin and / or silicone and / or an impact-resistant plastic and / or an impact-resistant plastic.
  • a ballistic multilayer assembly having an impingement side and a backside, and a ballistic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one of the layers of the multilayer ballistic layer is constituted by a multi-layered layer of fibers Aramid fibers or comparable fibers is formed, wherein this is present in particular in a woven or multi-layer fabric form.
  • At least one of the layers is formed by a fine stone or natural stone or ceramic or ceramic mixing plate, in particular of a composite material.
  • a projectile can be braked very effectively by the necessary destructive force of the plate, be partially disassembled and brought out of the track, which increases the effectiveness in the following layers by a widened attack surface.
  • Light or low-energy projectiles can be completely stopped by such a layer.
  • a projectile can also be very effectively deflected when passing through the layers by a splinter layer provided with advantage according to a development of the invention.
  • the splinter layer is formed by ceramic or ceramic metal or porcelain or natural stone fragments bonded in a matrix.
  • at least one layer of the ballistic multilayer assembly is formed by a metal plate.
  • At least one layer may be formed by a high-plastic layer, this may preferably be formed by the high-plastic plastic layer of the matrix of the absorption layer.
  • the arrangement is surrounded by a plastic cover layer or fiber-reinforced plastic braid layer at least on one side of the Beauftschungs- and back.
  • a plastic cover layer or fiber-reinforced plastic braid layer at least on one side of the Beaufschlagungs- and back.
  • At least one fine-grained, natural-stone or ceramic layer, a fiber layer and a metal layer are advantageously provided in addition to the absorption plate.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a ballistic multilayer assembly 1 according to the invention shown.
  • an absorption layer 2 is arranged.
  • Fig. 2 is an alternative Arrangement in opposite order of absorption layer 2 and fiber layer 4 shown.
  • the layers are interconnected in all examples either mechanically or with suitable adhesives.
  • the absorption layer 2 consists of expanded glass 21 in the form of expanded glass granules 22 which is held in a dense packing by means of a matrix 24 surrounding the expanded glass granules, see Fig. 3 ,
  • the matrix 24 is formed of an impact-resistant plastic mixture. Good results were made with impact-resistant polyurethane blends.
  • Blähglas 21 is very light, round and unbreakable grain-free, highly heat-insulating, sound-absorbing, pressure-stable, non-flammable, acid-resistant and pest-proof.
  • the granules 22 themselves may be closed or open-pored with a granule size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm.
  • the foamed expanded glass granules 22 have, as exemplarily in Fig. 4 shown in a cross-section, a bubble size 23 of 0.001 - 0.5 mm.
  • the layer thickness of the absorption layer can be 0.5 to 50 mm between layer thicknesses.
  • the fibrous layers 4 (41, 42, 43) in the examples are multi-layered multi-layer fabrics of aramid fibers. However, comparable fibers can also be used.
  • FIG. 6 An exemplary construction of a ballistic multilayer arrangement 1 as a plate with an absorption layer 2 is shown.
  • the layer sequence seen from the loading side A is as follows. Outside, first a plastic cover layer 8 is provided. This serves the conclusion against the outside and the protection that smashed parts of the following very hard first ceramic layer 5 after a hit by a projectile not fall out and the structure is held together even if cracks in the ceramic layer 5, if another hit in the environment of an impact occurs.
  • the ceramic layer 5 may in the context of the invention also of other materials, such as fine stone or natural stone or a
  • the "ceramic” layer 5 is hard. This can make classic ceramics but also substitutes such as very hard natural stones (granite etc.) or fine stone, a very hard high-fired earthenware.
  • the ceramic layer 5 On the ceramic layer 5 is followed by a fiber layer 4 of aramid fabric. This is followed by the absorption layer 2 which is able to absorb the energy of the projectile or splitter. In the absorption layer a lot of energy is absorbed by the projectile and distributed in the way on a much broader base, so that afterwards a metal plate 7 can be sufficient as a conclusion.
  • Fig. 7 Also possible is a variant in which a second 42 is provided in front of the steel plate 7 after a first fiber layer 41 just in front of it.
  • a first steel plate 71 is installed in the after the ceramic layer 5. This additionally stabilizes the ceramic layer in the immediate vicinity of an impact. This can be advantageous for multiple projectile entry.
  • a steel plate 72 is provided on the back B again. This can already be formed by a vehicle outer wall in light armor or by a normal outer wall.
  • a splinter layer 6 which contains bound in a matrix 62 ceramic or ceramic metal or fine stone or natural stone splitter 61. It depends less on the sequence of layers rather than on the presence of a fragmentation layer, which contains very hard a projectile or a hard bullet core (tungsten carbide, for example) distracting fragments bound in bulk in a matrix.
  • both absorption layers 2a and 2b are adjacent to another fiber layer 41 and 43 and subsequently provided with a steel plate 71 and 72.
  • the layers as in the examples shown above may also be made in a different order with partial omission or multiple ranking.
  • absorption layers according to the invention have excellent thermal insulation as a property.
  • vehicles as well as buildings or tents could be isolated against the outside world against heat or cold without requiring another layer or other measures.
  • the structure of the absorption layer according to the invention is sound-insulating. This property is also advantageous in the proposed application.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung zur Abwehr von Projektilen oder anderen hoch beschleunigten Teilen.The invention relates to a ballistic multilayer arrangement for the defense against projectiles or other highly accelerated parts.

Ballistische Platten kommen bei allen Arten von Panzerungen zum Einsatz, sei es an Fahrzeugen, Flugzeugen, Gebäuden oder unmittelbar tragbar an Personen. Nachteilig ist zumeist das sehr hohe Gewicht der Platten die notwendiger Weise dick genug sein müssen um der Beschussklasse zu entsprechen.Ballistic plates are used in all types of armor, be it on vehicles, airplanes, buildings or directly portable to persons. The disadvantage is usually the very high weight of the plates must necessarily be thick enough to meet the bullet class.

Nachteilig ist dies beispielsweise bei Personentransportfahrzeugen, die mit einer Panzerung aus dicken Stahlplatten gegen Beschuss gesichert werden müssen, was die Fahrzeuge durch das hohe Gewicht aber auch langsam und schwerfällig macht.This is disadvantageous, for example, in passenger transport vehicles, which must be secured with an armor made of thick steel plates against fire, which makes the vehicles by the heavy weight but also slow and cumbersome.

Beim weiteren Stand der Technik kommen daher auch mehrschichtige Platten zum Einsatz die aber sehr teuer in der Fertigung sind oder nicht die hohen aber geforderten Beschussklassen erreichen. In Fig. 5 ist eine vorbekannte ballistische Platte 9 gezeigt, diese weist an der Beschussseite eine Keramikplatte 91 auf mit der ein Geschoss gebremst und bestenfalls teilweise zerlegt werden soll gefolgt von einer oder mehreren Lagen von Aramid-Fasern 92 abgeschlossen mit einer Stahlplatte 93.In the further state of the art, therefore, use is also made of multilayer plates which, however, are very expensive to manufacture or do not reach the high but required shelling classes. In Fig. 5 a prior art ballistic plate 9 is shown, this has on the bombardment side a ceramic plate 91 with a projectile to be braked and at best partially disassembled followed by one or more layers of aramid fibers 92 finished with a steel plate 93rd

Aus der WO 2008/060648 A2 ist eine Verwendung von Holospheres für eine ballistische Mehrschichtenanordnung vorgeschlagen. Aus der US 2009/090236 A1 ist eine ballistische Schicht bekannt, zu deren Herstellung Bims oder Perlit vorgeschlagen ist.From the WO 2008/060648 A2 a use of holospheres for a ballistic multilayer arrangement is proposed. From the US 2009/090236 A1 a ballistic layer is known, for the production of pumice or perlite is proposed.

Aus der US 2008/236378 A1 ist eine ballistische Keramikplattenanordnung bekannt, bei deren Gesamtstruktur Perlit als Komponente zur Feuerresistenz vorgeschlagen ist. Insbesondere bei modernen Geschossen mit Keramikmetall-Kernen (beispielsweise Wolframcarbid) oder Geschossen mit hoher Energie werden diese Platten durch zur Abwehr notwendige Schichtdicken zu schwer oder sehr teuer in der Herstellung. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es eine ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die zuverlässig und Material sparend in der Herstellung ist.From the US 2008/236378 A1 is a ballistic ceramic plate assembly known in the overall structure perlite is proposed as a component for fire resistance. In particular, in modern bullets with ceramic metal cores (for example, tungsten carbide) or high energy projectiles, these plates become too heavy or very expensive to manufacture due to layer thicknesses required to defend them. The object of the invention is to provide a ballistic multilayer arrangement which is reliable and saves material in the production.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine ballistische Schicht für eine ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 gelöst.This object is achieved by a ballistic layer for a ballistic multilayer arrangement according to the features of claim 1 and a ballistic multilayer arrangement according to the features of claim 8.

Erfindungsgemäß ist nach einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung vorgeschlagen eine ballistische Schicht für eine ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung so auszugestalten, dass diese durch eine Absorptionsschicht gebildet ist, die ganz oder mehrheitlich aus Blähglas besteht, wobei das Blähglas in Form von gesintertem Blähglasgranulat vorliegt, das in einer dichten Packung oder Schüttung mittels einer das Blähglasgranulat umgebenden Matrix gehalten ist.According to a first aspect of the invention, it is proposed to design a ballistic layer for a ballistic multilayer arrangement such that it is formed by an absorption layer which consists entirely or predominantly of expanded glass, wherein the expanded glass is in the form of sintered expanded glass granules which are in one dense packing or bed is held by a matrix surrounding the expanded glass granules.

Hierdurch ist auf besonders effektive Weise eine Abstoppung des eindringenden Projektils oder Splitters ermöglicht. Die Energie wird durch die Absorptionsschicht in hohem Maße aufgenommen .As a result, a stopping of the penetrating projectile or splitter is possible in a particularly effective manner. The energy is absorbed by the absorption layer to a high degree.

Blähglas ist aufgeschäumtes Glas mit kleinen, gas- oder luftgefüllten Poren und kann in verschiedenen Körnungen produziert werden. Die Granulatperlen liegen dabei dicht aneinander und sind von der Matrix wenigstens teilweise umschlossen.Expanded glass is foamed glass with small, gas- or air-filled pores and can be produced in different grain sizes. The granules are close to each other and are at least partially enclosed by the matrix.

Die Schicht kann im Sinne der Erfindung biegsam als Matte oder Plane oder auch insbesondere mit den weiteren Ausgestaltungen als starre Platte vorgesehen sein.The layer may be provided in the sense of the invention flexible as a mat or tarp or in particular with the further embodiments as a rigid plate.

Bevorzugterweise weist das Blähglasgranulat eine Granulat-Größe von 0,01 mm bis 5 mm auf.Preferably, the expanded glass granules have a granule size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm.

Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, dass das Blähglas oder Blähglasgranulat mehrheitlich aus SiO2 besteht. Weiterhin bevorzugt als weitere Inhaltsstoffe Na2O und CaO enthält und ebenso bevorzugt als weitere Inhaltsstoffe in geringem Maße jeweils unter 10 Gewichtsprozent Al2O3 und/oder MgO und/oder K2O enthält.Furthermore, it is preferred that the expanded glass or expanded glass granules consist predominantly of SiO 2 . Further preferably contains as further ingredients Na 2 O and CaO and also preferably contains as further ingredients to a slight extent less than 10 weight percent Al 2 O 3 and / or MgO and / or K 2 O.

Die Matrix des Blähglasgranulats ist nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung aus Kunststoff oder -harz oder einem Kunststoff/-harz/-gemisch gebildet, die insbesondere schlagzäh ist. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders gute Energieaufnahme vom Geschoss.The matrix of the expanded glass granulate is formed according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention of plastic or resin or a plastic / resin / mixture, which is particularly impact resistant. This allows a particularly good energy absorption from the projectile.

Dem folgend ist von Vorteil vorgesehen, dass das Kunststoffgemisch Polyurethan und/oder Polyethylen und/oder Oxidharz und/oder Silikon und/oder einen schlagfesten Kunststoff und/oder einen schlagzähen Kunststoff enthält.The following is advantageously provided that the plastic mixture polyurethane and / or polyethylene and / or oxide resin and / or silicone and / or an impact-resistant plastic and / or an impact-resistant plastic.

Nach einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung ist eine ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer Beaufschlagungsseite und einer Rückseite, und einer ballistischen Schicht nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 , vorgeschlagen, wobei wenigstens eine der Schichten der ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung durch eine mehrlagige Faserschicht mit Lagen aus Aramid-Fasern oder vergleichbaren Fasern gebildet ist, wobei diese insbesondere in einer Gewebe- oder Mehrschichtgewebe-Form vorliegt.According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a ballistic multilayer assembly having an impingement side and a backside, and a ballistic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one of the layers of the multilayer ballistic layer is constituted by a multi-layered layer of fibers Aramid fibers or comparable fibers is formed, wherein this is present in particular in a woven or multi-layer fabric form.

Von Vorteil ist vorgesehen, dass wenigstens eine der Schichten durch eine Feinstein- oder Naturstein- oder Keramik- oder Keramik-Misch-Platte gebildet ist, insbesondere aus einem Verbundstoff. Hierdurch kann ein Geschoss sehr effektiv durch die notwendige Zerstörungskraft der Platte abgebremst werden, teilweise zerlegt werden und aus der Bahn gebracht werden, was in den folgenden Schichten die Effektivität durch eine verbreiterte Angriffsfläche erhöht.It is advantageously provided that at least one of the layers is formed by a fine stone or natural stone or ceramic or ceramic mixing plate, in particular of a composite material. As a result, a projectile can be braked very effectively by the necessary destructive force of the plate, be partially disassembled and brought out of the track, which increases the effectiveness in the following layers by a widened attack surface.

Leichte oder energiearme Geschosse können durch so eine Schicht ganz abgehalten werden.Light or low-energy projectiles can be completely stopped by such a layer.

Ein Geschoss kann beim Durchtritt durch die Schichten auch sehr effektiv durch eine von Vorteil nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehene Splitterschicht abgelenkt werden. Hierzu ist vorgeschlagen, dass die Splitterschicht durch in einer Matrix gebundene Keramik- oder Keramikmetall- oder Feinstein- oder Naturstein-Splitter gebildet ist. Bevorzugterweise ist wenigstens eine Schicht der ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung durch eine Metall-Platte gebildet.A projectile can also be very effectively deflected when passing through the layers by a splinter layer provided with advantage according to a development of the invention. For this purpose, it is proposed that the splinter layer is formed by ceramic or ceramic metal or porcelain or natural stone fragments bonded in a matrix. Preferably, at least one layer of the ballistic multilayer assembly is formed by a metal plate.

Von Vorteil kann wenigstens eine Schicht durch eine hochzähe Kunststoff-Schicht gebildet sein, diese kann dabei bevorzugterweise durch die hochzähe Kunststoffstoff-Schicht der Matrix der Absorptionsschicht gebildet sein.Advantageously, at least one layer may be formed by a high-plastic layer, this may preferably be formed by the high-plastic plastic layer of the matrix of the absorption layer.

Von Vorteil ist die Anordnung durch eine Kunststoffdeckschicht oder faserverstärkte Kunststoffgeflechtsschicht wenigstens auf einer Seite der Beaufschlagungs- und Rückseite umgeben. Hierdurch wird die Struktur von Bereichen neben einem Einschlag besser erhalten und beispielsweise eine gebrochene Keramik-Platte erhält ihre Funktion in einem Bereich neben einer Einschlagstelle.Advantageously, the arrangement is surrounded by a plastic cover layer or fiber-reinforced plastic braid layer at least on one side of the Beaufschlagungs- and back. As a result, the structure of areas adjacent to an impact is better preserved and, for example, a broken ceramic plate obtains its function in an area adjacent to a point of impact.

Bevorzugt folgt in der Schichtenfolge an die Absorptionsschicht wenigstens auf einer deren Seiten eine Faserschicht.Preferably follows in the layer sequence of the absorption layer at least on one side of a fiber layer.

Bei plattenartiger Ausgestaltung sind neben der Absorptionsplatte von Vorteil wenigstens eine Feinstein-, Naturstein- oder Keramik-Schicht, eine Faserschicht und eine Metallschicht vorgesehen.In a plate-like configuration, at least one fine-grained, natural-stone or ceramic layer, a fiber layer and a metal layer are advantageously provided in addition to the absorption plate.

Eine besondere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Schichtenfolge wie folgt gewählt ist:

  • eine Umhüllungsschicht,
  • eine Keramik/Feinstein/Naturstein/schicht, insbesondere gefolgt von einer Metall- schicht,
  • eine Faserschicht und Absorptionsschicht Abfolge,
  • eine Metallschicht.
A particular embodiment provides that the layer sequence is selected as follows:
  • a coating layer,
  • a ceramic / fine stone / natural stone / layer, especially followed by a metal layer,
  • a fibrous layer and absorption layer sequence,
  • a metal layer.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen oder deren mögliche Unterkombinationen.Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the other dependent claims or their possible sub-combinations.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen weiter erläutert. Im Einzelnen zeigt die schematische Darstellung in:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht und beaufschlagungsseitig vor gelagerten Faserschicht,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer ballistische Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht und beaufschlagungsseitig dahinter angeordneten Faserschicht,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Absorptionsschicht mit Blähglasgranulat und der dieses umhüllenden Matrix,
Fig. 4
eine schematische beispielhafte Abbildung eines Querschnitts durch ein Blähglasgranulat,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung einer ballistischen Platte nach dem Stand der Technik,
Fig. 6
eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht nach einer ersten Variante,
Fig. 7
eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht nach einer zweiten Variante,
Fig. 8
eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht nach einer dritten Variante,
Fig. 9
eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht nach einer vierten Variante mit einer Splitterschicht, und
Fig. 10
eine schematische Darstellung einer beispielhaften ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung nach einer fünften Variante mit einer mehrfachen erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht-Abfolge.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. In detail, the schematic representation in:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention and beaufschlagungsseitig before stored fiber layer,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention and on the impact side behind arranged fiber layer,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of the absorption layer with expanded glass granules and this enveloping matrix,
Fig. 4
a schematic exemplary illustration of a cross section through a Blähglasgranulat,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of a ballistic plate according to the prior art,
Fig. 6
a schematic representation of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an inventive Absorption layer according to a first variant,
Fig. 7
1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a second variant,
Fig. 8
1 is a schematic representation of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a third variant,
Fig. 9
a schematic representation of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a fourth variant with a fragment layer, and
Fig. 10
a schematic representation of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement according to a fifth variant with a multiple absorption layer sequence according to the invention.

Die in den Figuren gleichen Bezugsziffern bezeichnen gleiche oder gleich wirkende Elemente.The same reference numerals in the figures designate the same or equivalent elements.

In Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung 1 gezeigt. Dabei ist von der Projektil Beaufschlagungsseite A her gesehen nach einer Aramid-Faserschicht 4 in Mehrschichtgewebe-Form eine Absorptionsschicht 2 angeordnet. In Fig. 2 ist eine alternative Anordnung in gegensätzlicher Reihenfolge von Absorptionsschicht 2 und Faserschicht 4 gezeigt.In Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a ballistic multilayer assembly 1 according to the invention shown. Here, as seen from the projectile Beaufschlagungsseite A ago after an aramid fiber layer 4 in multi-layer fabric form an absorption layer 2 is arranged. In Fig. 2 is an alternative Arrangement in opposite order of absorption layer 2 and fiber layer 4 shown.

Die Schichten untereinander sind in allen Beispielen entweder mechanisch oder mit geeigneten Klebern miteinander verbunden.The layers are interconnected in all examples either mechanically or with suitable adhesives.

Die Absorptionsschicht 2 besteht aus Blähglas 21 in Form von Blähglasgranulat 22 das in einer dichten Packung mittels einer das Blähglasgranulat umgebenden Matrix 24 gehalten ist, siehe Fig. 3. Die Matrix 24 ist einem schlagzähen Kunststoffgemisch gebildet. Gute Ergebnisse wurden mit schlagzähen Polyurethan-Gemischen gemacht.The absorption layer 2 consists of expanded glass 21 in the form of expanded glass granules 22 which is held in a dense packing by means of a matrix 24 surrounding the expanded glass granules, see Fig. 3 , The matrix 24 is formed of an impact-resistant plastic mixture. Good results were made with impact-resistant polyurethane blends.

Blähglas 21 ist sehr leicht, rund und bruchkornfrei, hoch wärmedämmend, schalldämmend, druckstabil, nicht brennbar, säurebeständig und schädlingssicher.Blähglas 21 is very light, round and unbreakable grain-free, highly heat-insulating, sound-absorbing, pressure-stable, non-flammable, acid-resistant and pest-proof.

Im Beispiel besteht die Zusammensetzung des Blähglasgranulats 22 aus:

  • SiO2 71 ± 2 Massen-%
  • Na2O 13 ± 1,5 Massen-%
  • CaO 8 ± 2 Massen-%
  • Al2O3 2 ± 1,3 Massen-%
  • MgO 2 ± 1 Massen-%
  • K2O 1 ± 0,2 Massen-%
sowie
  • Fe2O3 0,5 ± 0,2 Massen-%
  • Spurenelemente < 0,5 Massen-%.
In the example, the composition of the expanded glass granules 22 consists of:
  • SiO 2 71 ± 2 mass%
  • Na 2 O 13 ± 1.5 mass%
  • CaO 8 ± 2 mass%
  • Al 2 O 3 2 ± 1.3 mass%
  • MgO 2 ± 1 mass%
  • K 2 O 1 ± 0.2 mass%
such as
  • Fe 2 O 3 0.5 ± 0.2 mass%
  • Trace elements <0.5% by mass.

Das Granulat 22 selber kann geschlossen- oder offenporig sein bei einer Granulat-Größe von 0,01 mm bis 5 mm. Das aufgeschäumte Blähglasgranulat 22 hat, wie exemplarisch in Fig. 4 in einem Querschnitt dargestellt, eine Bläschengröße 23 von 0,001 - 0,5 mm.The granules 22 themselves may be closed or open-pored with a granule size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm. The foamed expanded glass granules 22 have, as exemplarily in Fig. 4 shown in a cross-section, a bubble size 23 of 0.001 - 0.5 mm.

Die Schichtdicke der Absorptionsschicht kann je nach Konfiguration der aufzunehmenden Energie zwischen Schichtdicke 0,5 - 50 mm betragen.Depending on the configuration of the energy to be absorbed, the layer thickness of the absorption layer can be 0.5 to 50 mm between layer thicknesses.

Die Faserschichten 4 (41, 42, 43) sind in den Beispielen mehrlagige Mehrschichtgewebe aus Aramid-Fasern. Es können aber auch vergleichbare Fasern verwendet werden.The fibrous layers 4 (41, 42, 43) in the examples are multi-layered multi-layer fabrics of aramid fibers. However, comparable fibers can also be used.

Es ist denkbar die Anordnung nach Fig. 1 oder 2 elastisch zu gestalten und die Matrix der Absorptionsschicht entsprechend zu wählen, sodass die Herstellung der ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung als Matte oder Plane möglich ist. So sind sichere Zelte als auch Vorhänge und dergleichen ermöglich.It is conceivable the arrangement Fig. 1 or 2 To make elastic and to choose the matrix of the absorption layer accordingly, so that the production of the ballistic multilayer arrangement is possible as a mat or tarpaulin. So safe tents and curtains and the like are possible.

In Fig. 6 ist ein beispielhafter Aufbau einer ballistischen Mehrschichten-Anordnung 1 als Platte mit einer Absorptionsschicht 2 gezeigt.In Fig. 6 An exemplary construction of a ballistic multilayer arrangement 1 as a plate with an absorption layer 2 is shown.

Die Schichtenfolge von der Beaufschlagungsseite A her gesehen ist wie folgt. Außen ist zuerst eine Kunststoffdeckschicht 8 vorgesehen. Diese dient dem Abschluss gegen die Außenseite und dem Schutz dass zertrümmerte Teile der danach folgenden sehr harten ersten Keramik-Schicht 5 nach einem Treffer durch ein Projektil nicht herausfallen und die Struktur auch bei Rissen der Keramik-Schicht 5 zusammengehalten wird, falls ein weiterer Treffer in der Umgebung eines Einschlags erfolgt.The layer sequence seen from the loading side A is as follows. Outside, first a plastic cover layer 8 is provided. This serves the conclusion against the outside and the protection that smashed parts of the following very hard first ceramic layer 5 after a hit by a projectile not fall out and the structure is held together even if cracks in the ceramic layer 5, if another hit in the environment of an impact occurs.

Die Keramik-Schicht 5 kann dabei im Sinne der Erfindung auch aus anderen Stoffen, wie Feinstein oder Naturstein oder einerThe ceramic layer 5 may in the context of the invention also of other materials, such as fine stone or natural stone or a

Keramik-Mischung oder auch einer Keramik-Metall-Mischung in Plattenform gebildet sein.Be formed ceramic mixture or a ceramic-metal mixture in a plate shape.

Wichtig ist, dass die "Keramik"-Schicht 5 hart ist. Dies kann klassische Keramik leisten aber auch Ersatzstoffe wie sehr harte Natursteine (Granit etc.) oder auch Feinstein, ein sehr hartes hochgebranntes Steingut.Importantly, the "ceramic" layer 5 is hard. This can make classic ceramics but also substitutes such as very hard natural stones (granite etc.) or fine stone, a very hard high-fired earthenware.

Auf die Keramik-Schicht 5 folgt eine Faserschicht 4 aus Aramid-Gewebe. Auf diese folgt die Absorptionsschicht 2 die die Energie des Geschosses oder Splitters aufzunehmen vermag. In der Absorptionsschicht wird sehr viel Energie vom Geschoss aufgenommen und im weiteren Weg auf eine viel breitere Basis verteilt, sodass hernach eine Metallplatte 7 als Abschluss ausreichen kann.On the ceramic layer 5 is followed by a fiber layer 4 of aramid fabric. This is followed by the absorption layer 2 which is able to absorb the energy of the projectile or splitter. In the absorption layer a lot of energy is absorbed by the projectile and distributed in the way on a much broader base, so that afterwards a metal plate 7 can be sufficient as a conclusion.

Sollten noch höhere Energien eingetragen werden oder die Schichtdicken zur Gewichtsreduzierung dünner gewählt werden ist nach Fig. 7 auch eine Variante möglich, in der vor der Stahlplatte 7 nach einer ersten Faserschicht 41 noch unmittelbar davor eine zweite 42 vorgesehen ist.If even higher energies are entered or the layer thicknesses for weight reduction are chosen to be thinner Fig. 7 Also possible is a variant in which a second 42 is provided in front of the steel plate 7 after a first fiber layer 41 just in front of it.

In Fig. 8 ist gegenüber der Fig. 7 eine weitere Abwandlung gezeigt in der nach der Keramik-Schicht 5 eine erste Stahlplatte 71 eingebaut ist. Dies stabilisiert die Keramik-Schicht zusätzlich in der unmittelbaren Umgebung eines Einschlags. Dies kann bei mehrfachem Projektileintrag vorteilhaft sein. Im gezeigten Beispiel ist an der Rückseite B wieder eine Stahlplatte 72 vorgesehen. Diese kann bereits durch eine Fahrzeug-Außenwand in leichter Panzerung oder durch eine normale Außenwandung ausgebildet sein.In Fig. 8 is opposite the Fig. 7 a further modification shown in the after the ceramic layer 5, a first steel plate 71 is installed. This additionally stabilizes the ceramic layer in the immediate vicinity of an impact. This can be advantageous for multiple projectile entry. In the example shown, a steel plate 72 is provided on the back B again. This can already be formed by a vehicle outer wall in light armor or by a normal outer wall.

Eine weitere Abwandlung ist in Fig. 9 gezeigt. Nach der Keramik-Schicht 5 folgt in diesem Fall eine Splitterschicht 6 welche in einer Matrix 62 gebundene Keramik- oder Keramikmetall- oder Feinstein- oder Naturstein-Splitter 61 enthält. Dabei kommt es weniger auf die Schichtenfolge als eher auf die Präsenz einer Splitterschicht an, die sehr harte ein Geschoss oder einen harten Geschosskern (Wolframcarbid beispielsweise) ablenkende Splitter in loser Schüttung in einer Matrix gebunden enthält.Another variation is in Fig. 9 shown. After the ceramic layer 5 follows in this case a splinter layer 6 which contains bound in a matrix 62 ceramic or ceramic metal or fine stone or natural stone splitter 61. It depends less on the sequence of layers rather than on the presence of a fragmentation layer, which contains very hard a projectile or a hard bullet core (tungsten carbide, for example) distracting fragments bound in bulk in a matrix.

Im Beispiel nach Fig. 10 ist eine Anordnung mit zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Absorptionsschichten 2a und 2b gezeigt, getrennt voneinander durch eine Faserschicht 42. Im Beispiel sind dabei beide Absorptionsschichten 2a und 2b benachbart zu einer weiteren Faserschicht 41 und 43 sowie darauffolgend mit einer Stahlplatte 71 und 72 versehen.In the example below Fig. 10 an arrangement is shown with two successive absorption layers 2a and 2b, separated by a fiber layer 42. In the example, both absorption layers 2a and 2b are adjacent to another fiber layer 41 and 43 and subsequently provided with a steel plate 71 and 72.

Die Schichten wie sie in den oben gezeigten Beispielen können auch in einer anderen Reihenfolge unter teilweiser Auslassung oder mehrfacher Reihung erfolgen.The layers as in the examples shown above may also be made in a different order with partial omission or multiple ranking.

Sehr von Vorteil beim Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschichten ist auch, dass diese eine hervorragende Wärmeisolierung als Eigenschaft inne haben. Somit könnten Fahrzeuge als auch Bauten oder Zelte gegen die Außenwelt gegen Wärme oder Kälte isoliert werden, ohne, dass eine weitere Schicht oder sonstige Maßnahmen notwendig wären.It is also very advantageous when using the absorption layers according to the invention that they have excellent thermal insulation as a property. Thus, vehicles as well as buildings or tents could be isolated against the outside world against heat or cold without requiring another layer or other measures.

Ebenfalls ist der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Absorptionsschicht Schall isolierend. Auch diese Eigenschaft ist bei der vorgeschlagenen Anwendung vorteilhaft.Likewise, the structure of the absorption layer according to the invention is sound-insulating. This property is also advantageous in the proposed application.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
ballistische Mehrschichten-AnordnungBallistic multilayer arrangement
AA
BeaufschlagungsseiteBeaufschlagungsseite
BB
Rückseiteback
22
Absorptionsschichtabsorbing layer
2a, 2b2a, 2b
Absorptionsschichtabsorbing layer
2121
Blähglasexpanded glass
2222
Blähglasgranulatexpanded glass granulate
2323
Bläschenvesicle
2424
Matrixmatrix
44
Faserschichtfiber layer
4141
Faserschichtfiber layer
42, 4342, 43
Faserschichtfiber layer
55
Keramik-PlatteCeramic plate
66
Splitterschichtsplitter layer
6161
Splittersplinter
6262
Matrixmatrix
77
Metall-PlatteMetal plate
71, 7271, 72
Metall-PlatteMetal plate
88th
KunststoffdeckschichtPlastic covering layer
99
Ballistische Platte (Stand der Technik)Ballistic plate (prior art)
9191
Keramik-PlatteCeramic plate
9292
Faserschichtfiber layer
9393
Stahlplattesteel plate

Claims (19)

  1. A ballistic layer for a ballistic multilayer arrangement (1),
    which is formed by an absorption layer (2, 2a, 2b) that entirely or largely comprises expanded glass (21), namely foamed glass with small gas-filled or air-filled pores, wherein the expanded glass (21) is present in the form of sintered expanded-glass granulate (22),
    which is held in a dense packing or fill by means of a matrix (24) that encloses the expanded-glass granulate.
  2. The ballistic layer according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the expanded-glass granulate (22) comprises a granulate size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm.
  3. The ballistic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 2,
    characterised in that
    the expanded glass (21) or expanded-glass granulate (22) predominantly comprises SiO2.
  4. The ballistic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    as further ingredients the expanded glass (21) or expanded-glass granulate (22) comprises Na2O and CaO.
  5. The ballistic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that
    as further ingredients the expanded glass (21) or expanded-glass granulate (22) comprises a small amount, in each case below 10 percent weight by weight, of Al2O3 and/or MgO and/or K2O.
  6. The ballistic layer according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that
    the matrix (24) comprises a synthetic material or a synthetic resin or a mixture of synthetic material/synthetic resin, which mixture is, in particular, impact-resistant.
  7. The ballistic layer according to claim 6,
    characterised in that
    the synthetic material mixture comprises polyurethane and/or polyethylene and/or epoxy resin and/or silicon and/or an impact-proof synthetic material and/or an impact-resistant synthetic material.
  8. A ballistic multilayer arrangement (1) with an impact side (A) and a back side (B) and a ballistic layer (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that
    at least one of the layers is formed by a multilayer fibre layer (4, 41, 42, 43) comprising layers of aramid fibres or comparable fibres, wherein said multilayer fibre layer (4, 41, 42, 43) is, in particular, designed in the form of a woven material or a multilayer woven material.
  9. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    at least one of the layers is formed by a plate (5) comprising fine stone or natural stone or ceramic or a ceramic mix, in particular comprising a composite-structure material.
  10. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to one of claims 8 or 9,
    characterised in that
    at least one layer is a spall layer (6) comprising spalls (61) of ceramic or ceramic metal or fine stone or natural stone, which spalls (61) are bound in a matrix (62).
  11. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
    characterised in that
    at least one layer is formed by a metal plate (7, 71, 72).
  12. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
    characterised in that
    at least one layer is formed by a highly tenacious synthetic layer.
  13. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 12,
    characterised in that
    the highly tenacious synthetic layer forms the matrix (24) of the absorption layer (2).
  14. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 13,
    characterised in that
    said arrangement is surrounded by a synthetic cover layer (8) or a fibre-reinforced synthetic braiding layer at least on one of the impact side (A) and the back side (B).
  15. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 14,
    characterised in that
    in the layer sequence the absorption layer (2) is followed at least on one of its sides by a fibre layer (4).
  16. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 15,
    characterised in that
    the arrangement is designed so as to be flexible as a mat or a blanket.
  17. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 16,
    characterised in that
    the arrangement is designed as a rigid plate.
  18. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of claims 8 to 15 or 17,
    characterised in that
    at least one fine stone layer, natural stone layer or ceramic layer, a fibre layer and a metal layer are provided.
  19. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims 8 to 15 or 17 to 18,
    characterised in that
    the layer sequence is selected as follows:
    - an enveloping layer,
    - a ceramic layer, in particular followed by a metal layer,
    - a fibre layer and an absorption layer sequence,
    - a metal layer.
EP12772404.5A 2011-08-22 2012-08-22 Ballistic multilayer arrangement Active EP2748556B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE102011052879 2011-08-22
CH01361/11A CH705425B1 (en) 2011-08-22 2011-08-22 Ballistic resistant multilayer arrangement.
DE201110053484 DE102011053484A1 (en) 2011-08-22 2011-09-11 Ballistic layer e.g. mat, for ballistic multilayer arrangement for protection of projectiles, has absorption layer completely made of foam glass that is present in form of sintered foam glass granulates
PCT/IB2012/001627 WO2013027114A1 (en) 2011-08-22 2012-08-22 Ballistic multilayer arrangement

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US10928164B2 (en) 2021-02-23
US20140208930A1 (en) 2014-07-31
JP2014529719A (en) 2014-11-13
MX350618B (en) 2017-09-12
WO2013027114A1 (en) 2013-02-28
EA201400255A1 (en) 2014-07-30
MX2014001902A (en) 2014-07-30
PL2748556T3 (en) 2017-09-29
EP2748556A1 (en) 2014-07-02
AU2012298277A1 (en) 2014-03-13
IL231038A0 (en) 2014-03-31
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SG11201400063PA (en) 2014-05-29
EA028762B8 (en) 2018-02-28

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