EP2748452A1 - Piston for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Piston for an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP2748452A1
EP2748452A1 EP12777849.6A EP12777849A EP2748452A1 EP 2748452 A1 EP2748452 A1 EP 2748452A1 EP 12777849 A EP12777849 A EP 12777849A EP 2748452 A1 EP2748452 A1 EP 2748452A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cavity
low
crown
coolant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12777849.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Urs Heuschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP2748452A1 publication Critical patent/EP2748452A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/18—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine, which has a piston crown, a circumferential ring, a circumferential in the region of the ring cooling channel, below the piston crown tailed hub supports and associated piston bosses and a piston skirt, wherein below the piston head a cavity closed on all sides is provided ,
  • a generic piston is known from DE 10 2010 009 891.4.
  • the circulating cooling channel in engine operation serves to control the temperature in the outer region of the piston crown, for example along the edge of a combustion bowl.
  • the temperature should not rise above 550 ° C in order not to affect the component strength of the piston.
  • the temperature should not be much lower in order to achieve the highest possible combustion and exhaust gas temperature and thus good efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
  • the cavity which is closed on all sides, below the piston crown serves, during engine operation, to control the temperature in the central region of the piston crown, for example the inner region of a combustion bowl. In this area, it is desirable that the temperature during engine operation is approximately between 230 ° C and 330 ° C.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to develop a generic piston with simple means so that in the engine operation influencing the temperature in the central region of the piston crown is made possible.
  • the solution is that in the cavity, a coolant in the form of a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy is added.
  • the principle underlying the present invention is to influence the temperature in the central region of the piston crown by means of a metallic, liquid in the engine operation coolant with good thermal conductivity during engine operation.
  • the temperature in the central region of the piston crown can be determined by the amount of coolant used and / or by its thermal conductivity, i. be influenced by the choice of the coolant material.
  • the present invention is suitable for all types of pistons, i. for one-piece and multi-part pistons as well as for pistons with low overall height.
  • the piston according to the invention is characterized by a high stability, since cooling oil channels between the outer cooling channel and the inner cavity, which act destabilizing as points of highest stress concentration, are not provided.
  • Low melting metals suitable for use as refrigerants are especially sodium or potassium.
  • Galinstan® alloys, low melting bismuth alloys and sodium-potassium alloys can be used as the low-melting metal alloys.
  • Galinstan® alloys are gallium, indium and tin alloy systems that are liquid at room temperature. These alloys consist of 65 wt% to 95 wt% gallium, 5 wt% to 26 wt% indium and 0 wt% to 16 wt% tin. Preferred alloys are, for example, those with 68% by weight to 69% by weight of gallium, 21% by weight to 22% by weight of indium and 9.5% by weight to 10.5% by weight of tin ( Mp.
  • Low melting bismuth alloys are well known. These include, for example, LBE (eutectic bismuth-lead alloy, mp. 124 ° C), Roses metal (50 wt .-% bismuth, 28 wt .-% lead and 22 wt .-% tin, mp.
  • Orion metal 42 wt% bismuth, 42 wt% lead and 16 wt% tin, mp 108 ° C
  • Quick solder 52 weight percent bismuth, 32 weight percent lead and 16 weight percent tin, mp 96 ° C
  • d'Arcets metal 50 weight percent bismuth, 25 weight percent lead and 25 wt% tin
  • Wood's metal 50 wt% bismuth, 25 wt% lead, 12.5 wt% tin and 12.5 wt% cadmium, mp 71 ° C
  • Lipowitz metal 50 wt% bismuth, 27 wt% lead, 13 wt% tin and 10 wt% cadmium, mp 70 ° C
  • Harper's metal 44 wt% bismuth, 25 wt%).
  • Suitable sodium-potassium alloys may contain from 40% to 90% by weight of potassium. Particularly suitable is the eutectic alloy NaK with 78 wt .-% potassium and 22% by weight of sodium (mp. -12.6 ° C).
  • the amount of refrigerant received in the cavity depends on its thermal conductivity and the degree of desired temperature control.
  • the volume of the coolant accommodated in the cavity is at most 10% of the volume of the cavity.
  • a combustion bowl made of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy can be provided in the piston head in order to increase the temperature resistance of the piston according to the invention.
  • the use of a nickel-based alloy has the further advantage that in addition the corrosion resistance of the piston according to the invention is increased.
  • the entire piston crown may be made of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy.
  • at least a part of the circumferential ring section may consist of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy.
  • the piston of the invention may be formed as a one-piece, for example. Cast piston.
  • the piston according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-part piston, for example, be composed of a piston upper part and a piston lower part.
  • the components may be, for example, castings or forgings, and for example. Made of a steel material or a nickel-based alloy, in particular be forged. The connection between the components can be done in any way, for example. By welding, screwing or soldering. Welding processes, in particular friction welding processes and laser welding processes, are particularly suitable as joining methods.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a first embodiment of a piston according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a section through a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention.
  • the present invention will be described below with reference to a two-part piston.
  • the present invention may be practiced with other suitable types of pistons.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a piston 10 according to the invention in the form of a box piston.
  • the piston 10 according to the invention is composed of a piston main body 11 and a piston head element 12.
  • the piston main body 11 is forged in the embodiment of a steel material, while the piston head element 12 is made of a highly heat-resistant steel material or a nickel-based alloy.
  • the piston main body 11 has a part of a piston crown 13, a circumferential top land 14 and a circumferential ring part 15.
  • the piston main body 11 also has a piston shaft 16 and piston hubs 17 with hub bores 18 for receiving a piston pin (not shown).
  • the piston hubs 17 are connected via hub supports 19 to the underside 13 'of the piston head 13.
  • the piston head element 12 has a part of the piston head 13 with a combustion bowl 21.
  • the combustion bowl 21 has a trough bottom 22 and a circumferential trough edge 23.
  • the piston main body 11 has an inner circumferential support element 24, while the piston bottom element 12 has a corresponding inner circumferential support element 25. Both support elements 24, 25 are in contact via joining surfaces.
  • the piston base body 11 also has, in the region of the land 14, a further joining surface, which is in contact with a corresponding joining surface in the region of the depression rim 23 of the piston head element 12.
  • the piston main body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 may be joined together in any desired manner, the corresponding joining surfaces of the piston main body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 being connected to one another.
  • a welding method was selected so that the piston base body 11 and the piston head element 12 via joining seams 26, 27 are interconnected.
  • the piston main body 11 and the piston head element 12 form a circumferential, in a conventional manner with cooling oil supplied cooling channel 28, as can be seen in Figure 1.
  • the piston base body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 further form a cavity 29, which is arranged in the embodiment substantially below the trough bottom 22.
  • the cavity 29 is closed on all sides, that is to say that the piston main body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 do not have any openings, such as cooling oil passages, which connect the outer cooling passage 28 with the cavity 29.
  • a closure element 31 is provided in order to close the cavity 29 in the direction of the piston shaft 16 and the piston hub 17, a closure element 31 is provided.
  • the closure element 31 is a closure wall which is formed integrally with the piston main body 11 and which is in the region of the hub supports 19 with the piston main body
  • I I is integrally connected, so that no lubricating oil from the crankcase or no cooling oil from the cooling channel 28 can penetrate into the cavity 29.
  • a coolant 32 in the form of a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy is added, as they have been exemplified above.
  • the volume of the liquid coolant 32 in the exemplary embodiment is about 5% to 10% of the volume of the cavity 29.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 show further embodiments of a piston 110 and 210 according to the invention, which only in the embodiment of the piston body
  • the piston 110 has a piston bottom element 112 made of a highly heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy, which encompasses the entire piston crown 13.
  • the piston main body 111 and the piston bottom element 112 are thus connected to one another in the region of the piston head 13 via a joining seam 127 which, above the annular part 15, extends horizontally through the land 14. running.
  • the piston 210 according to FIG. 3 has a piston bottom element 212 made of a highly heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy, which comprises the entire piston crown 13, the top land 14 and a part of the ring section 15.
  • the piston main body 211 and the piston bottom element 212 are thus connected to one another in the region of the ring section 15 via a joining seam 227, which runs horizontally through the top land 14 above the ring section 15.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a piston (10, 110, 210) for an internal combustion engine, which piston has a piston crown (13), an encircling ring section (15), an encircling cooling duct (28) in the region of the ring section (15), hub supports (19) which are attached below the piston crown (13) and piston hubs (17) connected to said hub supports, and also a piston skirt (16), wherein below the piston crown (13) there is provided a cavity (29) which is closed on all sides, characterized in that a coolant (32) in the form of a metal with low melting point or a metal alloy with low melting point is received in the cavity (29).

Description

Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor  Piston for an internal combustion engine
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, der einen Kolbenboden, eine umlaufende Ringpartie, einen im Bereich der Ringpartie umlaufenden Kühlkanal, unterhalb des Kolbenbodens angebundene Nabenabstützungen und damit verbundene Kolbennaben sowie einen Kolbenschaft aufweist, wobei unterhalb des Kolbenbodens ein allseitig geschlossener Hohlraum vorgesehen ist. The present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine, which has a piston crown, a circumferential ring, a circumferential in the region of the ring cooling channel, below the piston crown tailed hub supports and associated piston bosses and a piston skirt, wherein below the piston head a cavity closed on all sides is provided ,
Ein gattungsgemäßer Kolben ist aus der DE 10 2010 009 891.4 bekannt. Hierbei dient der umlaufende Kühlkanal im Motorbetrieb zur Steuerung der Temperatur im äußeren Bereich des Kolbenbodens, bspw. entlang dem Rand einer Verbrennungsmulde. Dort sollte die Temperatur nicht über 550°C steigen, um die Bauteilfestigkeit des Kolbens nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Andererseits sollte die Temperatur nicht wesentlich niedriger liegen, um eine möglichst hohe Verbrennungs- und Abgastemperatur und damit einen guten Wirkungsgrad des Verbrennungsmotors zu erzielen. A generic piston is known from DE 10 2010 009 891.4. In this case, the circulating cooling channel in engine operation serves to control the temperature in the outer region of the piston crown, for example along the edge of a combustion bowl. There, the temperature should not rise above 550 ° C in order not to affect the component strength of the piston. On the other hand, the temperature should not be much lower in order to achieve the highest possible combustion and exhaust gas temperature and thus good efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
Der allseitig geschlossene Hohlraum unterhalb des Kolbenbodens dient im Motorbetrieb zur Steuerung der Temperatur im mittigen Bereich des Kolbenbodens, bspw. des inneren Bereichs einer Verbrennungsmulde. In diesem Bereich wird es angestrebt, dass die Temperatur im Motorbetrieb etwa zwischen 230°C und 330°C liegt. The cavity, which is closed on all sides, below the piston crown serves, during engine operation, to control the temperature in the central region of the piston crown, for example the inner region of a combustion bowl. In this area, it is desirable that the temperature during engine operation is approximately between 230 ° C and 330 ° C.
Beim gattungsgemäßen Kolben ist im allseitig geschlossenen Hohlraum lediglich Luft eingeschlossen, so dass eine Beeinflussung der Temperatur im mittigen Bereich des Kolbenbodens nicht möglich ist. In the generic piston only air is enclosed in the cavity closed on all sides, so that an influence of the temperature in the central region of the piston crown is not possible.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht somit darin, einen gattungsgemäßen Kolben mit einfachen Mitteln so weiterzuentwickeln, dass im Motorbetrieb eine Beeinflussung der Temperatur im mittigen Bereich des Kolbenbodens ermöglicht wird. The object of the present invention is thus to develop a generic piston with simple means so that in the engine operation influencing the temperature in the central region of the piston crown is made possible.
Bestätigungskopie Die Lösung besteht darin, dass im Hohlraum ein Kühlmittel in Form eines niedrig schmelzenden Metalls oder einer niedrig schmelzenden Metall leg ierung aufgenommen ist. confirmation copy The solution is that in the cavity, a coolant in the form of a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy is added.
Das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Prinzip besteht darin, im Motorbetrieb die Temperatur im mittigen Bereich des Kolbenbodens mittels eines metallischen, im Motorbetrieb flüssigen Kühlmittels mit guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit zu beeinflussen. Je größer die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Kühlmittels ist und je größer das Volumen der im Hohlraum eingeschlossenen Kühlmittelmenge ist, desto mehr Wärme wird vom Kolbenboden in Richtung des Kolbeninneren abgeleitet. Somit kann die Temperatur im mittigen Bereich des Kolbenbodens über die Menge des eingesetzten Kühlmittels und/oder über seine Wärmeleitfähigkeit, d.h. über die Wahl des Kühlmittelwerkstoffs, beeinflusst werden. The principle underlying the present invention is to influence the temperature in the central region of the piston crown by means of a metallic, liquid in the engine operation coolant with good thermal conductivity during engine operation. The greater the thermal conductivity of the coolant and the greater the volume of coolant trapped in the cavity, the more heat is dissipated from the piston crown toward the interior of the piston. Thus, the temperature in the central region of the piston crown can be determined by the amount of coolant used and / or by its thermal conductivity, i. be influenced by the choice of the coolant material.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist für alle Kolbentypen geeignet, d.h. für einteilige und mehrteilige Kolben sowie für Kolben mit niedriger Bauhöhe. Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Stabilität aus, da Kühlölkanäle zwischen dem äußeren Kühlkanal und dem inneren Hohlraum, die als Stellen höchster Spannungskonzentration destabilisierend wirken, nicht vorgesehen sind. The present invention is suitable for all types of pistons, i. for one-piece and multi-part pistons as well as for pistons with low overall height. The piston according to the invention is characterized by a high stability, since cooling oil channels between the outer cooling channel and the inner cavity, which act destabilizing as points of highest stress concentration, are not provided.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.
Niedrig schmelzende Metalle, die zur Verwendung als Kühlmittel geeignet sind, sind insbesondere Natrium oder Kalium. Als niedrig schmelzende Metalllegierungen können insbesondere Galinstan®-Legierungen, niedrig schmelzende Bismut- Legierungen und Natrium-Kalium-Legierungen eingesetzt werden. Low melting metals suitable for use as refrigerants are especially sodium or potassium. In particular, Galinstan® alloys, low melting bismuth alloys and sodium-potassium alloys can be used as the low-melting metal alloys.
Als sog. Galinstan®-Legierungen werden Legierungssysteme aus Gallium, Indium und Zinn bezeichnet, die bei Raumtemperatur flüssig sind. Diese Legierungen bestehen aus 65 Gew.-% bis 95 Gew.-% Gallium, 5 Gew.-% bis 26 Gew.-% Indium und 0 Gew.-% bis 16 Gew.-% Zinn. Bevorzugte Legierungen sind bspw. solche mit 68 Gew.-% bis 69 Gew.-% Gallium, 21 Gew.-% bis 22 Gew.-% Indium und 9,5 Gew.-% bis 10,5 Gew.-% Zinn (Schmp. -19°C), 62 Gew.-% Gallium, 22 Gew.-% Indium und 16 Gew.-% Zinn (Schmp.10,7°C) sowie 59,6 Gew.-% Gallium, 26 Gew.-% Indium und 14,4 Gew.%- Zinn (ternäres Eutektikum, Schmp. 11°C). Galinstan® alloys are gallium, indium and tin alloy systems that are liquid at room temperature. These alloys consist of 65 wt% to 95 wt% gallium, 5 wt% to 26 wt% indium and 0 wt% to 16 wt% tin. Preferred alloys are, for example, those with 68% by weight to 69% by weight of gallium, 21% by weight to 22% by weight of indium and 9.5% by weight to 10.5% by weight of tin ( Mp. -19 ° C), 62 wt .-% gallium, 22 wt .-% indium and 16% by weight tin (mp 10.7 ° C.) and 59.6% by weight gallium, 26% by weight indium and 14.4% by weight tin (ternary eutectic, mp 11 ° C.) ,
Niedrig schmelzende Bismut-Legierungen sind zahlreich bekannt. Dazu gehören bspw. LBE (eutektische Bismut-Blei-Legierung, Schmp. 124°C), Roses Metall (50 Gew.-% Bismut, 28 Gew.-% Blei und 22 Gew.-% Zinn, Schmp. 98°C), Orionmetall (42 Gew.-% Bismut, 42 Gew.-% Blei und 16 Gew.-% Zinn, Schmp. 108°C); Schnelllot (52 Gew.-% Bismut, 32 Gew.-% Blei und 16 Gew.-% Zinn, Schmp. 96°C), d'Arcets- Metall (50 Gew.-% Bismut, 25 Gew.-% Blei und 25 Gew.-% Zinn), Woodsches Metall (50 Gew.-% Bismut, 25 Gew.-% Blei, 12,5 Gew.-% Zinn und 12,5 Gew.-% Cadmium, Schmp. 71 °C), Lipowitzmetall (50 Gew.-% Bismut, 27 Gew.-% Blei, 13 Gew.-% Zinn und 10 Gew.-% Cadmium, Schmp. 70°C), Harpers Metall (44 Gew.-% Bismut, 25 Gew.-% Blei, 25 Gew.-% Zinn und 6 Gew.-% Cadmium, Schmp. 75°C), Cerrolow 117 (44,7 Gew.-% Bismut, 22,6 Gew.-% Blei, 19,1 Gew.-% Indium, 8,3 Gew.-% Zinn und 5,3 Gew.-% Cadmium, Schmp. 47°C); Cerrolow 174 (57 Gew.-% Bismut, 26 Gew.-% Indium, 17 Gew.-% Zinn, Schmp. 78,9°C), Fields Metall (32 Gew.-% Bismut, 51 Gew.-% Indium, 17 Gew.-% Zinn, Schmp. 62°C) sowie die Walkerlegierung (45 Gew.-% Bismut, 28 Gew.-% Blei, 22 Gew.-% Zinn und 5 Gew.-% Antimon). Low melting bismuth alloys are well known. These include, for example, LBE (eutectic bismuth-lead alloy, mp. 124 ° C), Roses metal (50 wt .-% bismuth, 28 wt .-% lead and 22 wt .-% tin, mp. 98 ° C) Orion metal (42 wt% bismuth, 42 wt% lead and 16 wt% tin, mp 108 ° C); Quick solder (52 weight percent bismuth, 32 weight percent lead and 16 weight percent tin, mp 96 ° C), d'Arcets metal (50 weight percent bismuth, 25 weight percent lead and 25 wt% tin), Wood's metal (50 wt% bismuth, 25 wt% lead, 12.5 wt% tin and 12.5 wt% cadmium, mp 71 ° C), Lipowitz metal (50 wt% bismuth, 27 wt% lead, 13 wt% tin and 10 wt% cadmium, mp 70 ° C), Harper's metal (44 wt% bismuth, 25 wt%). -% lead, 25 wt .-% tin and 6 wt .-% cadmium, mp. 75 ° C), Cerrolow 117 (44.7 wt .-% bismuth, 22.6 wt .-% lead, 19.1 wt Indium, 8.3 wt% tin, and 5.3 wt% cadmium, mp 47 ° C); Cerrolow 174 (57 wt% bismuth, 26 wt% indium, 17 wt% tin, mp 78.9 ° C), Fields metal (32 wt% bismuth, 51 wt% indium, 17 wt .-% tin, mp 62 ° C) and the Walker alloy (45 wt .-% bismuth, 28 wt .-% lead, 22 wt .-% tin and 5 wt .-% antimony).
Geeignete Natrium-Kalium-Legierungen können 40 Gew.-% bis 90 Gew.-% Kalium enthalten. Besonders geeignet ist die eutektische Legierung NaK mit 78 Gew.-% Kalium und 22 Gew.- Natrium (Schmp. -12,6°C). Suitable sodium-potassium alloys may contain from 40% to 90% by weight of potassium. Particularly suitable is the eutectic alloy NaK with 78 wt .-% potassium and 22% by weight of sodium (mp. -12.6 ° C).
Die Menge des im Hohlraum aufgenommenen Kühlmittels hängt von seiner Wärmeleitfähigkeit und dem Grad der gewünschten Temperatursteuerung ab. Vorzugsweise beträgt das Volumen des im Hohlraum aufgenommenen Kühlmittels höchstens 10% des Volumens des Hohlraums. Dies hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass das Kühlmittel im Motorbetrieb dem sog. Shaker-Effekt unterliegt, wobei es gegenläufig zur Hubrichtung des Kolbens im Hohlraum bewegt wird. Während des Abwärtshubs des Kolbens wird das Kühlmittel in Richtung des Kolbenbodens bewegt und kann Wärme aufnehmen. Während des Aufwärtshubs des Kolbens wird das Kühlmittel in Richtung Kolbenschaft bewegt und kann die aufgenommene Wärme somit in Richtung Kolbenschaft abgeben. Dadurch wird die Kühlwirkung weiter verbessert. In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung kann im Kolbenboden eine Verbrennungsmulde aus einem warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung vorgesehen sein, um die Temperaturbeständigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens zu erhöhen. Die Verwendung einer Nickelbasislegierung hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass zusätzlich die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens erhöht wird. The amount of refrigerant received in the cavity depends on its thermal conductivity and the degree of desired temperature control. Preferably, the volume of the coolant accommodated in the cavity is at most 10% of the volume of the cavity. This has the further advantage that the coolant is subject to the so-called shaker effect during engine operation, whereby it is moved in opposite directions to the stroke direction of the piston in the cavity. During the downward stroke of the piston, the coolant is moved in the direction of the piston crown and can absorb heat. During the upstroke of the piston, the coolant is moved in the direction of the piston skirt and can thus deliver the absorbed heat in the direction of the piston skirt. As a result, the cooling effect is further improved. In a preferred development, a combustion bowl made of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy can be provided in the piston head in order to increase the temperature resistance of the piston according to the invention. The use of a nickel-based alloy has the further advantage that in addition the corrosion resistance of the piston according to the invention is increased.
In entsprechender Weise kann der gesamte Kolbenboden aus einem warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung bestehen. Zusätzlich kann zumindest ein Teil der umlaufenden Ringpartie aus einem warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung bestehen. Similarly, the entire piston crown may be made of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy. In addition, at least a part of the circumferential ring section may consist of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy.
Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben kann als einteiliger, bspw. gegossener Kolben ausgebildet sein. Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben kann ferner als mehrteiliger Kolben ausgebildet, bspw. aus einem Kolbenoberteil und einem Kolbenunterteil zusammengesetzt sein. Die Bauteile können bspw. Gießteile oder Schmiedeteile sein, und bspw. aus einem Stahlwerkstoff oder einer Nickelbasislegierung hergestellt, insbesondere geschmiedet sein. Die Verbindung zwischen den Bauteilen kann auf beliebige Weise erfolgen, bspw. durch Schweißen, Schrauben oder Löten. Als besonders geeignetes Fügeverfahren bieten sich Schweißverfahren, insbesondere Reibschweißverfahren und Laserschweißverfahren, an. The piston of the invention may be formed as a one-piece, for example. Cast piston. The piston according to the invention can also be designed as a multi-part piston, for example, be composed of a piston upper part and a piston lower part. The components may be, for example, castings or forgings, and for example. Made of a steel material or a nickel-based alloy, in particular be forged. The connection between the components can be done in any way, for example. By welding, screwing or soldering. Welding processes, in particular friction welding processes and laser welding processes, are particularly suitable as joining methods.
Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen in einer schematischen, nicht maßstabsgetreuen Darstellung: Embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In a schematic, not to scale representation:
Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens; 1 shows a section through a first embodiment of a piston according to the invention;
Figur 2 einen Schnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens; Figure 2 is a section through a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention;
Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens; Die vorliegende Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines zweiteiligen Kolbens beschrieben. Die vorliegende Erfindung kann selbstverständlich auch mit anderen geeigneten Kolbentypen verwirklicht werden. 3 shows a section through a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention; The present invention will be described below with reference to a two-part piston. Of course, the present invention may be practiced with other suitable types of pistons.
Figur 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens 10 in Form eines Kastenkolbens. Der erfindungsgemäße Kolben 10 setzt sich zusammen aus einem Kolbengrundkörper 11 und einem Kolbenbodenelement 12. Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Stahl Werkstoff geschmiedet, während das Kolbenbodenelement 12 aus einem hoch warmfesten Stahlwerkstoff oder einer Nickelbasislegierung hergestellt ist. FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a piston 10 according to the invention in the form of a box piston. The piston 10 according to the invention is composed of a piston main body 11 and a piston head element 12. The piston main body 11 is forged in the embodiment of a steel material, while the piston head element 12 is made of a highly heat-resistant steel material or a nickel-based alloy.
Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 weist einen Teil eines Kolbenbodens 13, einen umlaufenden Feuersteg 14 und eine umlaufende Ringpartie 15 auf. Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 weist ferner einen Kolbenschaft 16 sowie Kolbennaben 17 mit Nabenbohrungen 18 zur Aufnahme eines Kolbenbolzens (nicht dargestellt) auf. Die Kolbennaben 17 sind über Nabenabstützungen 19 mit der Unterseite 13' des Kolbenbodens 13 verbunden. The piston main body 11 has a part of a piston crown 13, a circumferential top land 14 and a circumferential ring part 15. The piston main body 11 also has a piston shaft 16 and piston hubs 17 with hub bores 18 for receiving a piston pin (not shown). The piston hubs 17 are connected via hub supports 19 to the underside 13 'of the piston head 13.
Das Kolbenbodenelement 12 weist einen Teil des Kolbenbodens 13 mit einer Verbrennungsmulde 21 auf. Die Verbrennungsmulde 21 weist einen Muldenboden 22 und einen umlaufenden Muldenrand 23 auf. The piston head element 12 has a part of the piston head 13 with a combustion bowl 21. The combustion bowl 21 has a trough bottom 22 and a circumferential trough edge 23.
Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 weist ein inneres umlaufendes Stützelement 24 auf, während das Kolbenbodenelement 12 ein korrespondierendes inneres umlaufendes Stützelement 25 aufweist. Beide Stützelemente 24, 25 stehen über Fügeflächen miteinander in Kontakt. Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 weist im Bereich des Feuerstegs 14 ferner eine weitere Fügefläche auf, die mit einer korrespondierenden Fügefläche im Bereich des Muldenrands 23 des Kolbenbodenelements 12 in Kontakt steht. The piston main body 11 has an inner circumferential support element 24, while the piston bottom element 12 has a corresponding inner circumferential support element 25. Both support elements 24, 25 are in contact via joining surfaces. The piston base body 11 also has, in the region of the land 14, a further joining surface, which is in contact with a corresponding joining surface in the region of the depression rim 23 of the piston head element 12.
Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 und das Kolbenbodenelement 12 können auf beliebige Weise zusammengefügt sein, wobei die korrespondierenden Fügeflächen des Kolbengrundkörpers 11 und des Kolbenbodenelements 12 miteinander verbunden sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel wurde ein Schweißverfahren gewählt, so dass der Kolben- grundkörper 11 und das Kolbenbodenelement 12 über Fügenähte 26, 27 miteinander verbunden sind. The piston main body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 may be joined together in any desired manner, the corresponding joining surfaces of the piston main body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 being connected to one another. In the exemplary embodiment, a welding method was selected so that the piston base body 11 and the piston head element 12 via joining seams 26, 27 are interconnected.
Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 und das Kolbenbodenelement 12 bilden einen umlaufenden, in an sich bekannter Weise mit Kühlöl versorgten Kühlkanal 28, wie es Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist. Der Kolbengrundkörper 11 und das Kolbenbodenelement 12 bilden ferner einen Hohlraum 29, der im Ausführungsbeispiel im Wesentlichen unterhalb des Muldenbodens 22 angeordnet ist. The piston main body 11 and the piston head element 12 form a circumferential, in a conventional manner with cooling oil supplied cooling channel 28, as can be seen in Figure 1. The piston base body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 further form a cavity 29, which is arranged in the embodiment substantially below the trough bottom 22.
Der Hohlraum 29 ist allseitig geschlossen, das heißt, dass der Kolbengrundkörper 11 und das Kolbenbodenelement 12 keinerlei Öffnungen wie bspw. Kühlölkanäle aufweisen, die den äußeren Kühlkanal 28 mit dem Hohlraum 29 verbinden. Um den Hohlraum 29 in Richtung des Kolbenschafts 16 und der Kolbennaben 17 zu schließen, ist ein Verschlusselement 31 vorgesehen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Verschlusselement 31 eine einstückig mit dem Kolbengrundkörper 11 ausgebildete Verschlusswand, die im Bereich der Nabenabstützungen 19 mit dem KolbengrundkörperThe cavity 29 is closed on all sides, that is to say that the piston main body 11 and the piston bottom element 12 do not have any openings, such as cooling oil passages, which connect the outer cooling passage 28 with the cavity 29. In order to close the cavity 29 in the direction of the piston shaft 16 and the piston hub 17, a closure element 31 is provided. In the exemplary embodiment, the closure element 31 is a closure wall which is formed integrally with the piston main body 11 and which is in the region of the hub supports 19 with the piston main body
I I einstückig verbunden ist, so dass kein Schmieröl aus dem Kurbelgehäuse bzw. kein Kühlöl aus dem Kühlkanal 28 in den Hohlraum 29 eindringen kann. I I is integrally connected, so that no lubricating oil from the crankcase or no cooling oil from the cooling channel 28 can penetrate into the cavity 29.
Im Hohlraum 29 ist ein Kühlmittel 32 in Form eines niedrig schmelzenden Metalls oder einer niedrig schmelzenden Metalllegierung aufgenommen, wie sie beispielhaft oben angeführt wurden. Das Volumen des flüssigen Kühlmittels 32 beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 5 % bis 10% des Volumens des Hohlraums 29. In the cavity 29, a coolant 32 in the form of a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy is added, as they have been exemplified above. The volume of the liquid coolant 32 in the exemplary embodiment is about 5% to 10% of the volume of the cavity 29.
Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen weitere Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens 110 bzw. 210, die sich lediglich in der Ausgestaltung der KolbengrundkörperFigures 2 and 3 show further embodiments of a piston 110 and 210 according to the invention, which only in the embodiment of the piston body
I I I bzw. 211 und der Kolbenbodenelemente 112, 212 unterscheiden. I I I or 211 and the piston head elements 112, 212 differ.
Der Kolben 110 gemäß Figur 2 weist ein Kolbenbodenelement 112 aus einem hoch- warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung auf, welches den gesamten Kolbenboden 13 umfasst. Der Kolbengrundkörper 111 und Kolbenbodenelement 112 sind somit im Bereich des Kolbenbodens 13 über eine Fügenaht 127 miteinander verbunden, die oberhalb der Ringpartie 15 horizontal durch den Feuersteg 14 ver- läuft. Hinsichtlich des weiteren Aufbaus des Kolbens 110 und seiner Funktion wird auf die Beschreibung zu Figur 1 verwiesen. The piston 110 according to FIG. 2 has a piston bottom element 112 made of a highly heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy, which encompasses the entire piston crown 13. The piston main body 111 and the piston bottom element 112 are thus connected to one another in the region of the piston head 13 via a joining seam 127 which, above the annular part 15, extends horizontally through the land 14. running. With regard to the further construction of the piston 110 and its function, reference is made to the description of Figure 1.
Der Kolben 210 gemäß Figur 3 weist ein Kolbenbodenelement 212 aus einem hoch- warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung auf, welches den gesamten Kolbenboden 13, den Feuersteg 14 und einen Teil der Ringpartie 15 umfasst. Der Kolbengrundkörper 211 und Kolbenbodenelement 212 sind somit im Bereich der Ringpartie 15 über eine Fügenaht 227 miteinander verbunden, die oberhalb der Ringpartie 15 horizontal durch den Feuersteg 14 verläuft. Hinsichtlich des weiteren Aufbaus des Kolbens 210 und seiner Funktion wird auf die Beschreibung zu Figur 1 verwiesen. The piston 210 according to FIG. 3 has a piston bottom element 212 made of a highly heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy, which comprises the entire piston crown 13, the top land 14 and a part of the ring section 15. The piston main body 211 and the piston bottom element 212 are thus connected to one another in the region of the ring section 15 via a joining seam 227, which runs horizontally through the top land 14 above the ring section 15. With regard to the further construction of the piston 210 and its function, reference is made to the description of Figure 1.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kolben (10, 110, 210) für einen Verbrennungsmotor, der einen Kolbenboden (13), eine umlaufende Ringpartie (15), einen im Bereich der Ringpartie (15) umlaufenden Kühlkanal (28), unterhalb des Kolbenbodens (13) angebundene Nabenabstützungen (19) und damit verbundene Kolbennaben (17) sowie einen Kolbenschaft (16) aufweist, wobei unterhalb des Kolbenbodens (13) ein allseitig geschlossener Hohlraum (29) vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Hohlraum (29) ein Kühlmittel (32) in Form eines niedrig schmelzenden Metalls oder einer niedrig schmelzenden Metalllegierung aufgenommen ist. A piston (10, 110, 210) for an internal combustion engine, which has a piston crown (13), a circumferential ring section (15), a cooling channel (28) circulating in the region of the ring section (15), hub supports connected below the piston crown (13) (19) and associated piston hub (17) and a piston shaft (16), wherein below the piston head (13) is provided on all sides closed cavity (29), characterized in that in the cavity (29) a coolant (32) in Form of a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy is added.
2. Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als niedrig schmelzendes Metall Natrium oder Kalium aufgenommen ist. 2. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that as low-melting metal sodium or potassium is added.
3. Kolben nach Anspruchl , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die niedrig schmelzende Metalllegierung aus der Gruppe umfassend Galinstan®-Legierungen, niedrig schmelzende Bismut-Legierungen und Natrium-Kalium-Legierungen ausgewählt ist. 3. Piston according Anspruchl, characterized in that the low-melting metal alloy from the group comprising Galinstan® alloys, low-melting bismuth alloys and sodium-potassium alloys is selected.
4. Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumen des im Hohlraum (29) aufgenommenen Kühlmittels (32) höchstens 10% des Volumens des Hohlraums (29) beträgt. 4. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the cavity (29) received coolant (32) is at most 10% of the volume of the cavity (29).
5. Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kolbenboden (13) eine Verbrennungsmulde (21) aus einem warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung vorgesehen ist. 5. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that in the piston head (13) a combustion bowl (21) made of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy is provided.
6. Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolbenboden (13) aus einem wärmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung besteht. Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolbenboden (13) und zumindest ein Teil der umlaufenden Ringpartie (15) aus einem warmfesten Stahl oder einer Nickelbasislegierung bestehen. 6. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston head (13) consists of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston head (13) and at least part of the peripheral ring (15) consist of a heat-resistant steel or a nickel-based alloy.
Kolben nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er als einteiliger oder mehrteiliger Kolben (10, 110, 210) ausgebildet ist. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a one-piece or multi-part piston (10, 110, 210).
EP12777849.6A 2011-08-26 2012-08-24 Piston for an internal combustion engine Withdrawn EP2748452A1 (en)

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DE102011111319A DE102011111319A1 (en) 2011-08-26 2011-08-26 Piston for an internal combustion engine
PCT/DE2012/000862 WO2013029592A1 (en) 2011-08-26 2012-08-24 Piston for an internal combustion engine

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EP (1) EP2748452A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2014525536A (en)
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US20130047948A1 (en) 2013-02-28
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DE102011111319A1 (en) 2013-02-28
JP2014525536A (en) 2014-09-29

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