EP2748450B1 - Common rail system, internal combustion engine, and device and method for controlling and/or regulating an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a common rail system for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1. With a rail is connected via a high pressure guide for fuel injector for injecting the fuel into a working space of an internal combustion engine, wherein the high pressure guide has a high pressure component with a single memory having a pressure measuring device.

With such a pressure measuring device, a pressure determination on an individual memory in a common rail system is possible, for example, in a particularly reliable manner. Such a system is for example in DE 10 2009 002 793 A1 or in DE 10 2006 034 515 B3 the applicant has been described; The advantages of a common rail system with individual storage come into play.

In addition, in principle, other measuring devices may be connected to a high-pressure component. Overall, the system mentioned at the beginning serves to initiate the injection and injection end of the injector and thus decisively the quality of the combustion and the composition of the exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine to influence with. In order to comply with the legal limits, among other things injection start and injection end are regulated as parameters of an electronic device. In practice, in an internal combustion engine with a common rail system, the problem arises that there is a time offset between the start of energization of the injector, the needle stroke of the injector and the actual start of injection. The same applies to the injection end. An inaccuracy in the control of the injection start and the injection end ultimately leads to an inaccuracy concerning the amount of fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine.

Despite precise sensor technology, an aforementioned concept can lead to inaccuracies, for example due to injection behavior that varies with the life of the injectors. Moreover, it is desirable to be able to determine and process a concrete diagnosis of causes of failure, malfunctions or other drifts of injectors.

At this point, the invention begins, whose task is to develop a common rail system of the type mentioned. In particular, a detection and evaluation of injector sizes with individual memory should be possible in an improved manner. In particular, this should be possible in the case of a pressure measuring device. In particular, this should also be possible in the case of an aging or an interchanged injector.

The object concerning the common rail system is achieved with a common rail system of the type mentioned, in which the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 are provided according to the invention. In particular, it is provided that the pressure measuring device is coupled to a local logic and memory unit which is designed to locally evaluate and store injector data and / or rail data.

The invention is based on the consideration that the systems described so far in the prior art of the type described above can still be improved with central electronics. On the one hand, this applies to internal combustion engines with a comparatively small number of cylinders of perhaps 4 to 8 or 10 cylinders. In that case, it has indeed proven to be cost-effective-already locally-at each or every cylinder, to provide a logic and memory unit with a pressure measuring device which is designed, in particular, to locally evaluate and store data of an injector. Moreover, however, the concept of the invention may also be advantageous for engines with high numbers of cylinders, since thereby a more effective data function and safer evaluation or assignment of evaluated data to a particular cylinder is possible. Overall, the concept of the invention makes it possible to store individual data of a high-pressure component such as an injector or a single memory and / or the rail by means of the decentralized electronics thus realized and to carry out an evaluation already locally at the location of the data generation.

In particular, individual data such as manufacturer information, acceptance data, settings or other injector-individual data as well as diagnostic data for an injector can be decentrally recorded and stored or already evaluated. Also, the backup functionality for data can be adopted locally, which has advantages in a loss of data in the central electronics. Overall, due to the concept of the invention and possible refinements, a comparatively good signal quality for the local logic and memory unit on the cylinder or injector already results on account of short sensor lines and therefore a high sampling frequency which is possible. A noisy or reduced signal quality, which often results in a transmission of an analog sensor signal in longer lines, is thereby avoided. In addition, there is a more effective and faster data transmission, since with the concept of a local logic and memory unit in addition to a central logic and memory unit, a more efficient handling of data is possible. In addition, this leads to a relief of the central logic and memory unit in terms of storage and computing capacity. Advantageously, only evaluated data is sent from the decentralized logic and memory unit to the central logic and memory unit. Overall, this results in a reduced data volume with discharge of a data bus, such. As a CAN bus, and also a data volume of improved quality on the data bus.

The concept of the invention also leads to an internal combustion engine of claim 11 and a device for controlling and / or regulating the internal combustion engine according to claim 13. To solve the problem relating to the method, the invention provides a method of the type mentioned, according to the invention in the Characteristics of the characterizing part of claim 15 are provided. According to the invention, the pressure of the individual memory is measured via a pressure measuring device on the individual memory immediately after or before a hydraulic resistance of the high-pressure line and evaluated in a local logic and memory unit, wherein additionally only selected data is given to a bus to the central electronics.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims and specify in detail further advantageous possibilities to realize the above-described concept within the scope of the task and other advantages.

Within the scope of a preferred development, the local logic and memory unit can already have an injector model for model-based injector control. Thus, an evaluation of injector data can already be carried out locally. Advantageously, the local logic and memory unit also has a diagnostic model for model-based diagnosis and / or evaluation of injector data. This may include, for example, parity equations, observer or parameter estimation techniques.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it has proven useful to couple the local logic and memory unit to a local pressure sensor. Preferably, the pressure measuring device is formed in the form of a strain sensor. The expansion sensor can be particularly preferably formed in the form of a strain gauge. A strain gauge is preferably arranged on the outside of the single memory, wherein the individual memory, a hydraulic resistance is arranged upstream or downstream of the integration directly into the high-pressure line. The development is providable in particular in a realization of the high-pressure guide with a single memory and hydraulic resistance to the individual memory with sufficiently reliable raw data. As already recognized by the further development, the raw data already have such a high signal quality that a local logic and memory unit with adequate measurement effort is already able to carry out a significant evaluation.

In the context of a particularly preferred development of the common rail system, it has been proven that the memory unit can be separated from the logic unit. This has the advantage that different or differently designed storage units can be available for a logic system of locally wedged local electronics in combination with central electronics. In particular, it has proved to be advantageous that, when the logic unit and the memory unit are separated, the memory unit is designed to remain on a high-pressure component. In particular, the aforementioned development has proven to be advantageous for the case of a high pressure component in the form of an injector. However, this measure can also prove to be advantageous for a high pressure component in the form of a single memory or a rail. In the context of this development, the problem was recognized that, especially in the case of an injector, certain high-pressure components are subject to aging and so that their properties - which are regularly relevant for the injection - can change. Such changes can be recorded and stored via the local logic and memory unit. This can be used to advantage for an adaptive electronic system with central electronics and distributed local electronics which adjusts itself to the aging of the high-pressure component. However, it is also problematic if an exchange is required in the case of an aged high-pressure component such as an injector or an individual storage or even a rail. In this case, for example, in a ring memory of the local logic and memory unit for the high-pressure component would still be those data which are relevant for the aged high-pressure component, if the ring buffer would not be replaced. In the context of this development, it has been recognized that it is particularly advantageous if identification data and information and / or diagnostic data relevant to the high-pressure component are always carried along with the high-pressure component and are available; this in a particularly advantageous manner in the memory is replaced with the high-pressure component and can be connected to the local logic unit. The replaceable local memory unit can thus be coupled to the logic system, as it were, with the relevant data for the high-pressure component, such as in the form of an electronic thumbprint. Thus, diagnostic data such as aging data, current behavior or the like with a replaced or substitute high-pressure component are available. In the case of a replacement of the high-pressure component-for example, in the case of a replacement of the injector or the Einzelspeichers- can then be adapted for the replacement of the affected cylinder injection behavior matched to the replaced component. For example, this has the advantage that an injector can easily be exchanged from a first cylinder to a second cylinder, with the replaced high-pressure component taking along the data material relevant to the injection behavior.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawing. This is not necessarily to scale the embodiments, but the drawing, where appropriate for explanation, executed in a schematized and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to additions to the teachings directly recognizable from the drawing reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be noted that various modifications and changes may be made in the form and detail of an embodiment without departing from the general idea of the invention. The in the description, In the drawing and in the claims disclosed features of the invention may be essential both individually and in any combination for the development of the invention. In addition, all combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the description, the drawings and / or the claims fall within the scope of the invention. The general idea of the invention is not limited to the exact form or detail of the preferred embodiment shown and described below or limited to an article which would be limited in comparison to the subject matter claimed in the claims. For the given design ranges, values within the stated limits should also be disclosed as limit values and be arbitrarily usable and claimable. For simplicity, the same reference numerals are used below for identical or similar parts or parts with identical or similar function.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Common-Rail-System und einer Hochdruckkomponente mit einem Einzelspeicher sowie mit einer zentralen Elektronik und einer lokalen Logik-und Speichereinheit gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild eines Verfahrens zur Messdatenermittlung und Auswertung bei einem Common-Rail-System für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer zentralen Elektronik und einer lokalen, d. h. dezentral verteilten, Anzahl von Logik-und Speichereinheiten gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in:

• Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a common rail system and a high pressure component with a single memory and with a central electronics and a local logic and memory unit according to a particularly preferred embodiment;
• Fig. 2 a block diagram of a method for measuring data acquisition and evaluation in a common rail system for an internal combustion engine having a central electronics and a local, ie distributed decentralized, number of logic and memory units according to a preferred embodiment.

Fig. 1 shows by way of example a substantially analogous to the aforementioned DE 10 2006 034 515 B3 trained common rail system 100 with an electronically controlled internal combustion engine 1. The common rail system 100 comprises a low-pressure pump 2 for fuel delivery from a fuel tank 3, a suction throttle 4 for determining a volume flow, a high pressure pump 5 to promote the fuel with pressure increase initially in a rail 6. The fuel is further supplied from the rail 6 in a provided for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine 1 single memory 7 for temporarily storing the prestressed fuel and finally into an injector 8 for Injecting the fuel into the cylinder or the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1 further promoted.

In a system shown here, the fuel in the individual memory 7 is sufficiently biased to ensure sufficient injection into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1. Also, a feedback of noise in the rail 6 is attenuated with appropriate design of the feed line from the rail 6 to the individual memory 7, d. H. the connecting line from the rail 6 to the individual memory 7 has a correspondingly high hydraulic resistance. This system is controlled by an electronic control unit (ADEC or ECU) of central electronics 9 (with a central logic 11) as well as by a distributed local electronics 12. A locally distributed local electronics 12 comprises a number of locally-at the place of data formation formed logic and memory units ACR, AE, AI which are each connected to a respective sensor 10, 20, 30 directly on site.

• ein bereits ausgewerteter Raildruck A(pCR), der mittels eines Rail-Drucksensors 10 gemessen und in einer lokalen Logik- und Speichereinheit ACR ausgewertet wurde,
• ein Drehzahlsignal nMot der Brennkraftmaschine 1,
• bereits ausgewertete Drucksignale A(pE) der Einzelspeicher 7, wobei Drucksignale pE der Einzelspeicher 7 bereits von diesen vor Ort zugeordneten jeweils lokalen Logik- und Speichereinheiten AE ausgewertet wurden.

By way of example, the common rail system 100 of the Fig.1 explained. The electronic control unit of the central electronics 9 includes components of a microcomputer system with a central logic 11 and input and output 9.1, 9.2 of the electronic control unit of the central electronics 9; For example, to form the central logic 11 a microprocessor and buffers and memory devices (EEPROM, RAM) and I / O devices to form input 9.1 and output 9.2. In the memory modules relevant for the operation of the internal combustion engine 1 operating data in maps / curves are applied. On top of this calculates the electronic control unit of the central electronics 9 in the central logic 11 from the present at the input 9.1 input variables on the output 9.2 applied outputs OUT. In Fig. 1 the following input variables are shown by way of example:

• an already evaluated rail pressure A (pCR), which was measured by means of a rail pressure sensor 10 and evaluated in a local logic and memory unit ACR,
• a speed signal nMot of the internal combustion engine 1,
• already evaluated pressure signals A (pE) of the individual memory 7, wherein pressure signals pE of the individual memory 7 have already been evaluated by these locally assigned respectively local logic and memory units AE.

Moreover, there are in the embodiment described here, other input variables such as the charge air pressure of a turbocharger and the temperatures of the coolant / lubricant and the fuel and other output variables that are not in the Individual and flat rate under ON and OFF are to be taken. Specifically, the output of the electronic control unit of the central electronics 9, a signal PWM for controlling the intake throttle 4 and a power-determining signal vE - for example, an injection quantity for representing a desired torque in a torque-based control- shown. The output variable OFF is representative of the further control signals for controlling and regulating the internal combustion engine 1.

In contrast to the previously known common rail systems such as those in DE 10 2006 034 515 B3 In this case, a local measuring device, namely here a rail pressure sensor 10 and a single-reservoir pressure sensor 20 and an optional injector pressure sensor 30, each having a local logic and memory unit ACR, AE and optionally AI distributed decentrally local electronics 12 coupled - namely a rail logic and memory unit ACR and a single storage and injector logic and storage unit AE, AI. Of the logic and memory units AE, AI only one can be provided, so that one of both is optional. The present embodiment provides only the single memory logic and memory unit AE, so that the in Fig. 1 shown injector logic and memory unit AI is to be understood as an option. The logic and memory units ACR, AE are each designed to locally evaluate and store measurement data of the common rail system 100.

In the present case, this is concretely the pressure data of a rail pressure pCR on the rail 6 and pressure data of a single accumulator pressure pE on the individual accumulator 7. The evaluated measurement data A (pE) and A (pCR) are respectively output from the output of the local logic and storage units AE, ACR to the electronic control unit ( ADEC or ECU) of the central electronics 9 with the central logic 11 via the input 9.1 forwarded.

In a modified embodiment, not shown here, it is also possible to apply pressure signal A (pl) of the injector 8 already evaluated by a local logic and memory unit AI to the data bus 13, i. from the output of the local logic and storage units AI the electronic control unit (ADEC or ECU) of the central electronics 9 with the central logic 11 via its input 9.1 forward.

In the following, the local logic and memory unit AE is arranged integrally with the individual accumulator pressure sensor 20 in the form of a strain gauge on the single accumulator 7. In a variant, the individual memory 7 may also be formed with the injector 8 in a single housing. Also in the case it is provided, the single-reservoir pressure sensor Provide 20 in the form of a strain gauge directly with a local logic and memory unit AE integrated design on the individual memory 7 of the injector. Analogously, the local logic and storage unit ACR for the rail 6 with the rail pressure sensor 10 is integrated on the rail 6.

In the Fig. 1 Illustrated exemplary embodiment follows a general system, as shown schematically as a block diagram in FIG Fig. 2 is shown. The common rail system 100 provides for an internal combustion engine 1 a combined control of the central electronics 9 and a distributed distributed local electronics 12 before. The distributed distributed local electronics 12 is integrated in a construction of a number of measuring devices M1, M2 ... Mi and a number of directly with the measuring devices in an integrated form accommodated logic and memory units A1 / S1, A2 / S2 ... Ai / Si formed. By way of example, at least the measuring device M1, M2 is a pressure measuring device with an integrated memory and logic unit A1 / S1, A2 / S2 for measuring and evaluating an individual accumulator pressure pE and a rail pressure pCR, as described with reference to FIG Fig. 1 explained and work there with AE, ACR are called. The further measuring devices Mi may be of a different type, for example comprising a temperature measuring device or the like, and may likewise each be integrated with a local logic and memory unit Ai / Si.

The system of the Fig. 2 It can be seen that a measuring device M1, M2 to Mi is designed to perform a measurement on the common-rail system 100, for example on a single memory (7 in Fig.1 ), which is listed here as component B1 or on a rail (6 in Fig. 1 ) which is listed here as component B2 or another component Bi of the common rail system 100. In each case, a local logic and memory unit A1 / S1, A2 / is present in each case directly at the location of the measuring device M1, M2... S2 ... Ai / Si integrated with the measuring device. The logic and memory unit A1 / S1, A2 / S2... Ai / Si is in each case already capable of evaluating and storing a measurement signal supplied by each of the measuring devices M1, M2 to Mi.

For example, in the case of a memory S1 or S2 injector or rail individual data such. B. manufacturer information, acceptance data and settings in the local memory S1, S2 are stored and used for further evaluation by the logic unit A1, A2. Such and other information I may be available for each of the components Bi of the common rail system 100. In addition, diagnostic data D can be distributed individually for each component B, decentralized detected and stored in a memory Si. Particularly in the event of an error, a last set of diagnostic data can be provided in a memory Si -which is designed as a ring memory. Thus, a data logger function L over the operating time of a component Bi can be provided in a comparatively simple manner.

In terms of specifically in Fig. 1 As shown in a particularly preferred embodiment, a injector pressure sensor 30 is additionally or alternatively provided for the individual accumulator pressure sensor 20, which is very similar to a previously discussed local logic and memory unit AE for the individual memory 7 or a local logic and memory unit ACR for the rail 6 read can be. In the following, a local logic and memory unit AI can be provided for the injector and the pressure sensor 30 provided on the injector, in the form of a strain gauge. Their interpretation can basically be done on the same principle as for the logic and memory unit AE and ACR.

In the present case, the logic and memory unit AE and / or AI has a memory unit S and a logic unit A, wherein the memory unit S can be separated from the logic unit A. The memory unit S is provided for remaining on the injector or individual memory. Ie. the memory unit S of the logic and memory unit AI can be exchanged with the injector 8 and the strain gauge 30 or the memory unit S of the logic and memory unit AE can be exchanged with the individual memory 7 and the strain gauge 20. This may prove necessary in the context of aging of the injector 8 and / or individual memory 7. Similar replacement processes as in the case of an injector 8 can thus take place when an individual accumulator 7 is aging by exchanging the individual accumulator 7 with pressure sensor 20 and accumulator S. A similar replacement process can also be carried out for the rail 6 with pressure sensor 10 and memory S relating to the logic and memory unit ACR; this time by separating the memory S from the logic unit A of the logic and memory unit ACR.

This has the advantage that with an exchanged high-pressure component, ie in the present case with an exchanged injector 8 (or an exchanged individual accumulator 7 or an exchanged rail 6), the data influencing the injection behavior for aging processes and current behavior of the corresponding high-pressure component in the memory present at the high-pressure component S with exchanged or exchanged with. Ie. the high-pressure component is with the existing there Sensor 10, 20, 30 and memory S connected to the logic system of locally distributed local electronics 12 and central electronics 11. In that case, the logic system can thus work directly with the current diagnostic data D of the high-pressure component. The common rail system 100 thus proves to be adaptive; This even in the case that high pressure components such as an injector 8, a single memory 7 or a rail 6 are replaced.

The communication between a central electronics 9 and the locally distributed local electronics 12-for example, a logic and memory unit AI, AE or ACR with the central logic 11-- takes place in such a way that during operation of the common rail system 100 measurement data how the pressure profile at an injector 8 or at a single memory 7 to the central electronics 9 are passed under evaluation by the logic unit A, d. H. in evaluated form A (pI), A (pE), A (pCR). Likewise, the corresponding data or data relevant to the pressure history in the memory unit S of the high pressure component - e.g. stored in a memory unit S of the logic and memory unit AE and ACR and AI.

If a high pressure component, e.g. an injector 8 or a single memory 7 exchanged or set to another location, for example to another cylinder of the internal combustion engine, this high pressure component takes the relevant relevant for the injection process diagnostic data in the exchanged with memory unit S with. This also applies to a newly used high pressure component. After insertion, the logic system of locally distributed local electronics 12 and central electronics 9 thus also control and regulating aging-related developments descriptive, characteristic of the high-pressure component, individual measurement data available and can be used to control and regulate the overall system. In particular, a time signal given by the central electronic unit 9 to the locally distributed local electronics 12 for initiating an injection process can also take place when high-pressure components are exchanged so that this is matched to the optionally individual properties of the injector 8 or the individual accumulator 7; whereby the individual characteristics can influence the pressure course.

The so implemented distributed distributed local electronics 12 from measuring device M1, M2 to Mi and local logic and memory unit A1 / S1, A2 / S2 ... Ai / Si for each of the components Bi has the advantage that comparatively short sensor lines between a sensor the measuring device Mi and a local logic and memory unit Ai / Si possible are. This allows z. B. a high sampling frequency by the local logic and memory unit - namely in Fig.1 the AE, ACR-, which are here with A1 / S1, A2 / S2 designated, nevertheless good signal quality. A reduction in the signal quality (signal-to-noise ratio) due to a longer wiring harness is thus avoided. Only an evaluated and correspondingly processed signal of the locally distributed local electronics 12 - such as an evaluated individual accumulator pressure A (pE) or an evaluated rail pressure A (pCR) - are sent to the central electronics 9, or their control unit (ECU or ADEC) Posted. This has the advantage that a data load on the data bus 13 is reduced.

Conversely, the present system also allows on the output side of the electronic control unit of the central electronics 9 with the central logic 11 a the same principle following realization of a distributed distributed local electronics 12. This can for example be realized for a power-determining signal vE, the first in a local logic and memory unit Aj / Sj is processed and then supplied via an actuator Mj the component system block Bi.

For example, a logic and memory unit Ai / Si, Aj / Sj a corresponding calculation model are stored with which a model-based block control, for. B. injector control or a corresponding diagnostic method is possible. For example, the implementation of parity equations, observer systems and parameter estimation methods are conceivable. Signal-based diagnostic methods such as frequency analyzes or the like can also be implemented on the basis of the comparatively small sensor and actuator lines.

Overall, with the basis of Fig. 2 explained general systematics cylinder-specific detection of fuel quantities, injection curves, leaks, temperatures, injection times, start of injection and injection end with higher signal and evaluation quality as well as individual cylinder with high reliability realize.

A combined architecture of electronic control unit (ADEC, ECU) -as centralized electronic unit 9 with central logic 11 and locally distributed local electronics 12, for example, with the said local logic and storage units ACR, AE, AI-thus enables an improved synchronization of the common time. Rail system 100 to the internal combustion engine 1. Thus, among other things, the central electronics 9 and the injectors 8 or the rail 6, as symbolized by the components B1, B2, the same time base. The requirement of a precise knowledge of a crank angle, for example for an injector 8, a single memory 7 or a rail 6 is of lower priority than heretofore.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Internal combustion engine

2

Low pressure pump

3

Fuel tank

4

interphase

5

high pressure pump

6

Rail

7

Single memory

8th

injector

9

central electronics (with control unit A dvanced D iesel Engine ontrol C or E lectronic C ontrol U nit

9.1, 9.2

Input, output of the electronic control unit of the central electronics

10

Rail pressure sensor

11

central logic of the central electronics

12

distributed, local electronics

13

bus

20

Single accumulator pressure sensor

30

Injektordrucksensor

100

Common rail system for fuel injection

AE

local logic and memory unit for individual memories

ACR

local logic and storage unit for rail

AI

local logic and memory unit for injector

pE

Single storage pressure

pi

Injektordruck

pCR

rail pressure

vE

power-determining signal, for example an injection quantity

Mot

Speed signal of the internal combustion engine

A (PE)

Evaluated individual storage pressure

A (pI)

evaluated injector pressure

A (pCR)

evaluated rail pressure

A1, A2

Storage

I

information

D

diagnostic data

L

data logger

Wed.

measuring device

mj

actuator

B1, B2, Bi, Bj

Components of the system

S, Si

storage unit

A, Ai

logic unit

Claims (18)

1. Common rail system (100) for an internal combustion engine (1), having:

   - a rail (6) for fuel, and an injector (8), fluidically connected via a high pressure line, for injecting the fuel into a working space of the internal combustion engine (1), wherein the high pressure line has a high pressure component with an individual accumulator (7), and

   - the high pressure line and/or the rail (6) has a pressure-measuring device (10, 20, 30), characterized in that

   - the pressure-measuring device is coupled to a local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) of local electronics (12) which are distributed in a decentralized fashion and which are designed to evaluate and store locally measurement data of the pressure-measuring device, in particular injector data and/or rail data, and

   - the pressure-measuring device is connected via a bus to the central electronics (9) with the intermediate connection of the local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) and the local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) is configured, in combination with the central electronics (9), to perform open-loop and/or closed-loop control of the common rail system (1) for the internal combustion engine (1).
2. Common rail system (100) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure-measuring device has a number of pressure sensors (10, 20, 30), wherein in each case one pressure sensor (10, 20, 30) is respectively assigned a local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI), and the number of local logic and memory units is connected to the central electronics (9) via a data bus (13).
3. Common rail system (100) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) has a ring memory which is designed to secure respective last injector data items against a failure, continuously, in particular up to an enable after the failure.
4. Common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least a first local logic and memory unit (AE, AI) provides an injector model for model-based injector control, and/or a second local logic and memory unit (ACR) provides a rail model for model-based rail control.
5. Common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) provides a diagnostic model for model-based diagnosis and/or evaluation of measurement data, in particular of an individual accumulator (7), of an injector (8) and/or of a rail (6).
6. Common rail system (100) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the diagnostic model contains one or more of the method components which are selected from the group composed of signal-based or model-based diagnostic methods, in particular parity equations, observer methods or parameter-estimation methods.
7. Common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) is designed to carry out a signal-based evaluation method and/or diagnostic method, in particular a frequency analysis of a measurement signal.
8. Common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a pressure sensor (10, 20, 30) is constructed as a strain sensor, in particular in the form of a strain gauge.
9. Common rail system (100) according to Claim 8, characterized in that a first pressure sensor (AE) is arranged on the outside of a wall of an individual accumulator (7), and/or
   a second pressure sensor is arranged on the outside of a wall of an injector (8), and/or
   a third pressure sensor (ACR) is arranged on the outside of a wall of the rail (6), in particular wherein a hydraulic resistor is arranged immediately upstream of the individual accumulator (7) for integration into the high pressure line, or is arranged immediately downstream thereof.
10. Common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the high pressure component is constructed in the form of an injector (8) or an individual accumulator (7) or an injector (8) with an integrated individual accumulator (7).
11. Common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) has a logic unit (A, Ai, Aj) and a memory unit (S, Si, Sj), wherein the memory unit (S, Si, Sj) can be disconnected from the logic unit (A, Ai, Aj).
12. Common rail system (100) according to Claim 11, characterized in that when the memory unit (S, Si, Sj) is disconnected from the logic unit (A, Ai, Aj), it is designed to remain at the high pressure component, in particular is designed to be interchangeable with the high pressure component.
13. Internal combustion engine (1) having a common rail system (100), in particular according to one of Claims 1 to 12, having an electronic device for performing open-loop and/or closed-loop control of the internal combustion engine (1) which has central electronics (9) and a local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) which are connected via a data bus (13), wherein the central electronics (9) are configured to receive an evaluation signal for measurement data of a pressure sensor (10, 20, 30) which have already been evaluated by the local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI).
14. Internal combustion engine (1) according to Claim 13, characterized in that a first local logic and memory unit (AE) has a signal input which has signal-conducting connection to a signal output of a pressure sensor (20) at the individual accumulator (7), wherein the pressure sensor (20) is configured to measure the pressure of the individual accumulator (7), and/or
    a second local logic and memory unit (AI) has a signal input which has signal-conducting connection to a signal output of a pressure sensor (30) at an injector (8), wherein the pressure sensor (30) is configured to measure the pressure of the injector (8), and/or
    a third local logic and memory unit (ACR) has a signal input which has signal-conducting connection to a signal output of a pressure sensor (10) at the rail (6), wherein the pressure sensor (10) is configured to measure the pressure of the rail (6).
15. Device for performing open-loop and/or closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1), in particular according to Claim 13 or 14, which device is configured both to perform local processing of measurement data of a pressure-measuring device for the pressure of an individual accumulator (7) and/or injector (8) and/or rail (6) by forming at least one evaluation signal, and to receive centrally the at least one evaluation signal (A(pE), A(pCR)) for measurement data of the pressure-measuring device which have already been evaluated.
16. Device according to Claim 15, characterized by central electronics (9) with a signal input which is connected via a data bus (13) to form a signal-conducting connection to a signal output of a local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR), wherein the local logic and memory unit (AE, ACR) is coupled to the pressure sensor (10, 20).
17. Method for performing open-loop and/or closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1), having a common rail system (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 12, by means of an electronic device for performing open-loop and/or closed-loop control, wherein during a measurement interval a pressure of the individual accumulator (7) and/or injector (8) and/or rail (6) is detected and stored, and a significant change in the pressure is used to control a start of injection or an end of injection, characterized in that

    - the pressure of the individual accumulator (7) and/or injector (8) and/or rail (6) is measured in each case by means of a pressure sensor (10, 20, 30), in particular at the individual accumulator (7), immediately downstream or upstream of a hydraulic resistor of the high pressure line, and

    - is evaluated in, in each case, a logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI), coupled to the pressure sensor (10, 20, 30), of local electronics (12) which are distributed in a decentralized fashion, and

    - only evaluated data are transmitted on the data bus (13) to a logic unit (11) of central electronics (9) of the electronic device.
18. Method for performing open-loop and/or closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine (1) according to Claim 17, characterized in that when a high pressure component, in particular an individual accumulator (7) and/or an injector (8) and/or a rail (6) is replaced, a memory unit (S, Si, Sj), which can be disconnected from a logic unit (A, Ai, Aj), of the logic and memory unit (AE, ACR, AI) remains at the high pressure component, in particular at the individual memory (7) and/or at the injector (8) and/or at the rail (6).

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