EP2743404A1 - Method for constructing an offshore structure - Google Patents
Method for constructing an offshore structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2743404A1 EP2743404A1 EP13195589.0A EP13195589A EP2743404A1 EP 2743404 A1 EP2743404 A1 EP 2743404A1 EP 13195589 A EP13195589 A EP 13195589A EP 2743404 A1 EP2743404 A1 EP 2743404A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- jacket
- foundation
- support leg
- support
- support legs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011376 self-consolidating concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
- E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
- E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
- E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
- E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the construction of an offshore structure in the form of a jacket foundation.
- the so-called "jacket” is a truss structure made of steel, which is similar to the construction of conventional electricity pylons.
- Jackets comprise three or more support legs that are anchored with foundation piles in the seabed. The support legs are braced with each other, so that the construction can be created relatively low in weight, in particular due to the number of support legs.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for the construction of an offshore structure in the form of a jacket foundation, which is simplified compared to the known methods.
- the disadvantage of the method is that the position of the jacket in the not completely clamped state during hardening of the potting compound is simply statically overdetermined.
- a method of constructing an offshore structure in the form of a jacket foundation wherein the jacket has at least four support legs anchored to foundation piles inserted into the seabed, the jacket at least on the foundation piles under load transfer to the seabed and then setting the support legs with a curable potting compound in the foundation piles, leveling the jacket before and / or during potting, and balancing the jacket so that, prior to cure of the potting compound, load transfer into the seabed substantially only three support legs under relief of a fourth support leg.
- the invention can be summarized to the effect that the jacket is loaded and / or tilted in a detached state by utilizing the center of gravity so that a support leg is completely relieved, so that a statically determined position or support is guaranteed on only three support legs.
- At least one support leg is provided with a ballast or is already provided at the factory with a ballast, so that after settling of the jacket at least one of the ballasted support leg opposite support leg is relieved.
- the mass of the ballast can be chosen so that the ballast compensates just the buoyancy force that would be experienced by the relevant support leg after settling when passing a wave.
- the load-bearing support leg prefferably be the support leg facing the main shaft-striking direction and / or the main wind direction.
- the passage of the shaft results in high pressure and low pulling forces on the leeward side and vice versa on the windward side
- the jacket is positioned so that a support leg defines the leeward side and an opposite support leg the windward side.
- that support leg which is or is provided with ballast, this, which has the smallest distance to the center of mass of the jacket.
- This turns the jacket around an imaginary line connecting the support leg with the second largest distance and the support leg with the third largest distance to the center of gravity displaced or loaded in the direction of the support leg with the smallest distance to the center of mass.
- the jacket is placed on provided on the support leg brackets, so-called brackets.
- the brackets may be formed, for example, as a single bearing, multiple bearings and fully around the support legs circumferential cuffs. Thus, they can be designed so that the brackets rest only selectively on the foundation piles, preferably parallel to the lattice structure of the jackets, so that thereby a clear storage is achieved.
- shim plates or spacers placed between the brackets and the foundation piles, for example made of steel, wood, cork or an elastomer or a combination of different materials.
- the foundation piles may be provided with a load-bearing, self-leveling filling up to a predetermined level before the jacket settles, and for the jacket to be deposited on the filling in the foundation pile under load transfer to the seabed , Again, for example, be provided that the leveling takes place with the aid of spacers.
- spacers may for example have been stored on the filling of the foundation piles or pre-assembled on the support legs.
- a filling for example, a flowable concrete into consideration.
- the invention further comprises a foundation of an offshore structure as a jacket foundation with at least four support legs and at least four foundation piles inserted into the seabed, wherein the support feet are shed under load transfer into the seabed in the foundation piles, wherein at least one support foot provided with a ballast and wherein a support leg has a greater mass than any other support leg.
- ballast sand, concrete, gravel or other potting or filling provided.
- ballast can already be provided in the factory in the support foot.
- a supporting foot opposing the support foot provided with the ballast is designed as a buoyancy body or is provided with buoyancy bodies, so that the mass of the ballast in the other support foot can thereby be kept relatively low.
- a foundation of an offshore structure is provided as jacket foundation with at least three, preferably four support legs and at least a corresponding number of foundation piles inserted into the seabed, wherein the support legs shed under load transfer into the seabed in the foundation piles are, wherein the foundation is characterized in that at least one support leg has at least one bracket on which at least one at least partially dissolvable under seawater action support body is provided.
- the support body comprises an elastomeric pad.
- the support body may comprise an aluminum pad or be formed as an aluminum bearing.
- this aluminum bearing can be designed so that it comes with the additional loads on the jacket, for example in the form of tower and nacelle, in the plastic area, so no additional loads more accommodates.
- the aluminum bearing or aluminum cushion can cathodically dissolve in seawater, so that ultimately the load is removed exclusively via the routed support legs.
- FIG. 1 the anchoring structure of an offshore structure is represented as a so-called jacket 1.
- the jacket 1 is anchored by means of support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d via foundation piles 3 in the subsoil 4.
- the foundation piles 3 were rinsed, drilled or rammed before placing the jacket 1 in the seabed.
- Each foundation pile 3 receives a support leg 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
- the support legs carry a truss-like steel grid construction, which forms the jacket 1.
- the jacket 1 carries a tower structure 5, which is only hinted at and which receives, for example, a wind power generator with rotor. Alternatively, the jacket 1 carries a transformer station, a measuring mast or another installation. How this in particular the FIG. 3 it can be seen, emerges each of the support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d over a given embedding length in a foundation pile 3, which is designed for example as a steel pipe and was rammed into the seabed 4.
- foundation piles 3 After setting the foundation piles 3 they are optionally drilled and / or rinsed out, d. H. over a given length of the sediment / rock penetrated in these freed, or it is made the required for Vergrouten within the foundation pile height level.
- a filling 5 in the form of a flowable self-compacting concrete or a casting resin or sand or similar material.
- the support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d may be provided with a bracket 6, which is supported after discontinuation of the jacket 1 on the respective foundation pile 3 and thus removes the weight of the jacket 1 in the seabed 4.
- the support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d vergroutet, d. H. the remaining annular space 7 or free space between the respective support leg 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the foundation pile 3 is filled with a hardenable potting compound.
- the method according to the invention provides that at least one support leg, in the present case the support leg designated 2d, which in FIG. 3 is shown, is filled with a ballast 8 or will.
- the choice of ballast to be provided support leg is made depending on the center of gravity, the mass and the expected wave load.
- the position of the support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is in particular from the plan view in FIG FIG. 2 can be seen, where 9 with the center of gravity of the jacket 1 is designated and the arrow indicates the main shaft direction of the anchored in the seabed 4 jacket.
- the jacket 1 is set up such that the support leg 2d is arranged on the leeward side of the jacket and forms the support leg which is the third distance from the mass shunt point 9.
- the support legs 2a, 2b and 2c are designed without ballast, wherein the ballast 8 in the support leg 2d is dimensioned so that the load of the jacket 1 is removed via the support legs 2b, 2c, 2d, each of which is arranged closer to the Massenschertician 9 as the support leg 2a, which faces the main shaft direction and forms the windward side of the jacket 1.
- the load distribution of the support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d ensures a stable support of the jacket on the support legs 2a, 2c and 2d, whereas the support leg 2a is relieved and Buoyancy.
- a tilting moment about the imaginary line between the support legs 2b and 2c is initiated, which has a load on the support leg 2d result.
- the potting compound is then introduced into the annular space 7 between the respective support legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the foundation pile. If the potting compound cured, the load is carried over all supporting legs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, which are then firmly clamped.
- the relevant support leg 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d may be supported on the filling 5 via a support cross 11 of sheets.
- a compensation of height tolerances can be made, for example, by appropriate Unterlegstoff between filling 5 and support cross 11.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Offshore-Bauwerks in Form eines Jacket-Fundaments. Das sogenannte "Jacket" ist eine Fachwerkkonstruktion aus Stahl, die der Konstruktion von üblichen Strommasten gleicht. Jackets umfassen drei oder mehr Stützbeine, die mit Gründungspfählen im Meeresuntergrund verankert werden. Die Stützbeine sind untereinander verstrebt, sodass sich die Konstruktion insbesondere aufgrund der Anzahl der Stützbeine verhältnismäßig gewichtssparend erstellen lässt.The invention relates to a method for the construction of an offshore structure in the form of a jacket foundation. The so-called "jacket" is a truss structure made of steel, which is similar to the construction of conventional electricity pylons. Jackets comprise three or more support legs that are anchored with foundation piles in the seabed. The support legs are braced with each other, so that the construction can be created relatively low in weight, in particular due to the number of support legs.
Üblicherweise werden Jackets mit den Gründungspfählen vergroutet, d. h. mit einer aushärtbaren Vergussmasse mit den Gründungspfählen verbunden. Hierzu ist es erforderlich, diese während des Aushärtens der Vergussmasse in einer stabilen und einnivellierten Lage zu halten. Das ist insbesondere bei Fundamentstrukturen mit vier oder mehreren Stützbeinen insoweit verhältnismäßig schwierig, als dass eine abgesetzte Anordnung mit vier Stützbeinen, die nicht eingespannt sind, einfach statisch überbestimmt ist, sodass aufgrund von Toleranzen der Gründungspfähle und Fertigungstoleranzen des Jackets das Jacket nicht ohne Weiteres stabil auf allen vier Stützbeinen absetzbar ist.Usually jackets are verground with the foundation piles, d. H. connected with a hardenable potting compound with the foundation piles. For this purpose, it is necessary to keep them during hardening of the potting compound in a stable and leveled position. This is in particular relatively difficult in the case of foundation structures with four or more support legs insofar as a remote arrangement with four support legs which are not clamped is simply statically overdetermined, so that due to tolerances of the foundation piles and manufacturing tolerances of the jacket, the jacket is not readily stable all four support legs is deductible.
Die Nivellierung und der Ausgleich solcher Toleranzen erfolgt unter Verwendung von sogenannten Shim Plates (Distanzstücken), die mit Konsolen (Brackets) an den Stützbeinen zusammenwirken. Die erforderliche Nivellierung ist verhältnismäßig aufwendig, weil ein eindeutiger Lastabtrag kaum zu gewährleisten ist.The leveling and compensation of such tolerances is done using so-called shim plates (spacers), which cooperate with brackets (brackets) on the support legs. The required leveling is relatively expensive, because a clear load transfer is difficult to ensure.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Offshore-Bauwerks in Form eines Jacket-Fundaments bereitzustellen, welches gegenüber den bekannten Verfahren vereinfacht ist. Insbesondere soll mit dem Verfahren der Nachteil kompensiert werden, dass die Lage des Jackets im nicht vollständig eingespannten Zustand während des Erhärtens der Vergussmasse einfach statisch überbestimmt ist.The invention has for its object to provide a method for the construction of an offshore structure in the form of a jacket foundation, which is simplified compared to the known methods. In particular, the disadvantage of the method is that the position of the jacket in the not completely clamped state during hardening of the potting compound is simply statically overdetermined.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Offshore-Bauwerks mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Fundament eines Offshore-Bauwerks mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved by a method for the construction of an offshore structure with the features of
Gemäß der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Offshore-Bauwerks in Form eines Jacket-Fundaments vorgesehen, wobei das Jacket wenigstens vier Stützbeine aufweist, die an in den Meeresuntergrund eingebrachten Gründungspfählen verankert werden, wobei das Jacket zumindest auf den Gründungspfählen unter Lastabtrag in den Meeresuntergrund abgesetzt wird, und sodann die Stützbeine mit einer aushärtbaren Vergussmasse in den Gründungspfählen festgelegt werden, wobei das Jacket vor und/oder während des Vergießens nivelliert wird und wobei das Jacket so ausbalanciert wird, dass vor der Aushärtung der Vergussmasse ein Lastabtrag in den Meeresuntergrund im Wesentlichen nur über drei Stützbeine unter Entlastung eines vierten Stützbeines erfolgt.According to the invention there is provided a method of constructing an offshore structure in the form of a jacket foundation, wherein the jacket has at least four support legs anchored to foundation piles inserted into the seabed, the jacket at least on the foundation piles under load transfer to the seabed and then setting the support legs with a curable potting compound in the foundation piles, leveling the jacket before and / or during potting, and balancing the jacket so that, prior to cure of the potting compound, load transfer into the seabed substantially only three support legs under relief of a fourth support leg.
Die Erfindung kann dahingehend zusammengefasst werden, dass das Jacket in abgesetztem Zustand unter Ausnutzung der Schwerpunktlage so belastet und/oder gekippt wird, dass ein Stützbein vollständig entlastet wird, sodass eine statisch bestimmte Lage oder Abstützung auf nur drei Stützbeinen gewährleistet ist.The invention can be summarized to the effect that the jacket is loaded and / or tilted in a detached state by utilizing the center of gravity so that a support leg is completely relieved, so that a statically determined position or support is guaranteed on only three support legs.
Vorzugsweise wird wenigstens ein Stützbein mit einem Ballast versehen oder ist bereits werksseitig mit einem Ballast versehen, sodass nach dem Absetzen des Jackets wenigstens ein dem mit Ballast versehenen Stützbein gegenüberliegendes Stützbein entlastet wird.Preferably, at least one support leg is provided with a ballast or is already provided at the factory with a ballast, so that after settling of the jacket at least one of the ballasted support leg opposite support leg is relieved.
Die Masse des Ballasts kann dabei so gewählt werden, dass der Ballast gerade die Auftriebskraft kompensiert, die der betreffende Stützfuß nach Absetzen bei Durchgang einer Welle erfahren würde.The mass of the ballast can be chosen so that the ballast compensates just the buoyancy force that would be experienced by the relevant support leg after settling when passing a wave.
Bei einer besonders zweckmäßigen und vorteilhaften Variante des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das entlastete Stützbein das der Hauptwellenschlagrichtung und/oder der Hauptwindrichtung zugewandte Stützbein ist. Aus dem Wellendurchlauf resultieren hohe Druck- und geringe Zugkräfte auf der Leeseite und umgekehrt auf der LuvseiteIn a particularly expedient and advantageous variant of the method according to the invention, provision is made for the load-bearing support leg to be the support leg facing the main shaft-striking direction and / or the main wind direction. The passage of the shaft results in high pressure and low pulling forces on the leeward side and vice versa on the windward side
Eine solche Anordnung ist insbesondere deshalb sinnvoll und zweckmäßig, weil dieses Stützbein in der Regel am weitesten vom Massenschwerpunkt des Jackets entfernt angeordnet ist, aufgrund der Tatsache, dass Bootsanleger und andere Anbauteile auf der Leeseite des Jackets angeordnet werden.Such an arrangement is particularly useful and expedient because this support leg is usually located farthest from the center of gravity of the jacket, due to the fact that boat launchers and other attachments are placed on the leeward side of the jacket.
Der Wellenschlag auf der Luvseite würde zunächst ein Auftreiben bzw. Aufschwimmen des nicht belasteten Stützbeins zur Folge haben. Aus diesem Grunde ist es mit verhältnismäßig einfachen Mitteln und insbesondere mit wenig Ballast auf der Leeseite möglich, eine stabile Drei-Punkt-Lagerung des Jackets zu erzielen.The waves on the windward side would initially cause a floating or floating of the non-loaded support leg. For this reason, it is possible with relatively simple means and in particular with little ballast on the lee side to achieve a stable three-point storage of the jacket.
Dazu ist es dann zweckmäßig, dass das Jacket so aufgestellt ist, dass ein Stützbein die Leeseite und ein gegenüberliegendes Stützbein die Luvseite definiert.For this purpose, it is expedient that the jacket is positioned so that a support leg defines the leeward side and an opposite support leg the windward side.
Theoretisch ist auch eine Aufstellung des Jackets möglich, bei welcher zwei Stützbeine auf der Leeseite angeordnet sind.Theoretically, a statement of the jacket is possible, in which two support legs are arranged on the lee side.
Insbesondere dann ist es sinnvoll, wenn als Stützbeine, über welche ein Lastabtrag vor dem Aushärten der Vergussmasse erfolgt, diejenigen Stützbeine gewählt werden, die dem Massenschwerpunkt des Jackets nächstliegend angeordnet sind. Dies schließt grundsätzlich nicht aus, dass das entlastete Stützbein das der Hauptwindrichtung oder Hauptwellenschlagrichtung zugewandte Stützbein ist.In particular, it makes sense if those support legs, which are arranged closest to the center of mass of the jacket, are selected as support legs, via which a load is removed before the curing of the potting compound. This basically does not exclude that the relieved support leg is the support leg facing the main wind direction or main shaft direction.
Vorzugsweise ist dasjenige Stützbein, welches mit Ballast versehen ist oder wird, dieses, welches den kleinsten Abstand zum Massenschwerpunkt des Jackets aufweist. Hierdurch wird das Jacket um eine gedachte Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Stützbein mit dem zweitgrößten Abstand und dem Stützbein mit dem drittgrößten Abstand zum Massenschwerpunkt in Richtung auf das Stützbein mit dem kleinsten Abstand zum Massenschwerpunkt verlagert oder belastet.Preferably, that support leg which is or is provided with ballast, this, which has the smallest distance to the center of mass of the jacket. This turns the jacket around an imaginary line connecting the support leg with the second largest distance and the support leg with the third largest distance to the center of gravity displaced or loaded in the direction of the support leg with the smallest distance to the center of mass.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird das Jacket auf an dem Stützbein vorgesehenen Konsolen, sogenannten Brackets, abgesetzt.Conveniently, the jacket is placed on provided on the support leg brackets, so-called brackets.
Die Brackets können beispielsweise als Einzellager, Mehrfachlager sowie voll um die Stützbeine umlaufende Manschetten ausgebildet sein. Damit können diese so gestaltet sein, dass die Brackets nur punktuell auf den Gründungspfählen aufliegen, vorzugsweise parallel zur Gitterstruktur der Jackets, sodass dadurch eine eindeutige Lagerung erzielt wird.The brackets may be formed, for example, as a single bearing, multiple bearings and fully around the support legs circumferential cuffs. Thus, they can be designed so that the brackets rest only selectively on the foundation piles, preferably parallel to the lattice structure of the jackets, so that thereby a clear storage is achieved.
Ein Ausgleich der Höhentoleranzen kann mit Shim Plates oder Distanzstücken erfolgen, die zwischen den Brackets und den Gründungspfählen angeordnet werden und beispielsweise aus Stahl, Holz, Kork oder einem Elastomer oder einer Kombination verschiedener Materialien bestehen.Compensation of height tolerances can be achieved with shim plates or spacers placed between the brackets and the foundation piles, for example made of steel, wood, cork or an elastomer or a combination of different materials.
Alternativ zum Lastabtrag über Brackets beim Absetzen des Jackets kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Gründungspfähle vor dem Absetzen des Jackets bis zu einem vorgegebenen Niveau mit einer tragfähigen, selbstnivellierenden Füllung versehen werden und dass das Jacket unter Lastabtrag in den Meeresuntergrund auf der Füllung im Gründungspfahl abgesetzt wird. Auch hier kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die Nivellierung unter Zuhilfenahme von Distanzstücken erfolgt. Diese Distanzstücke können beispielsweise auch auf der Füllung der Gründungspfähle abgelegt worden sein oder an den Stützfüßen vormontiert worden sein. Als Füllung kommt beispielsweise ein fließfähiger Beton in Betracht.As an alternative to load transfer via brackets when weaning the jacket, provision may be made for the foundation piles to be provided with a load-bearing, self-leveling filling up to a predetermined level before the jacket settles, and for the jacket to be deposited on the filling in the foundation pile under load transfer to the seabed , Again, for example, be provided that the leveling takes place with the aid of spacers. These spacers may for example have been stored on the filling of the foundation piles or pre-assembled on the support legs. As a filling, for example, a flowable concrete into consideration.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin ein Fundament eines Offshore-Bauwerks als Jacket-Fundament mit wenigstens vier Stützfüßen und mit wenigstens vier in den Meeresuntergrund eingesetzten Gründungspfählen, wobei die Stützfüße unter Lastabtrag in den Meeresuntergrund in den Gründungspfählen vergossen sind, wobei wenigstens ein Stützfuß mit einem Ballast versehen ist und wobei ein Stützfuß eine größere Masse aufweist als jeder andere Stützfuß.The invention further comprises a foundation of an offshore structure as a jacket foundation with at least four support legs and at least four foundation piles inserted into the seabed, wherein the support feet are shed under load transfer into the seabed in the foundation piles, wherein at least one support foot provided with a ballast and wherein a support leg has a greater mass than any other support leg.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist als Ballast Sand, Beton, Kies oder eine andere Vergussmasse oder Füllung vorgesehen.Appropriately, as a ballast sand, concrete, gravel or other potting or filling provided.
Grundsätzlich ist es beispielsweise auch möglich und im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung, wenn beispielsweise ein Stützfuß unmittelbar nach dem Absetzen mit einer Vergussmasse als Ballast verfüllt wird. Alternativ kann der Ballast bereits werksseitig in dem Stützfuß vorgesehen sein.In principle, it is also possible and within the meaning of the present invention, for example, if a support foot is filled immediately after weaning with a potting compound as ballast. Alternatively, the ballast can already be provided in the factory in the support foot.
Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist es, wenn ein dem mit dem Ballast versehenen Stützfuß gegenüberliegender Stützfuß als Auftriebskörper ausgebildet ist oder mit Auftriebskörpern versehen ist, sodass hierdurch die Masse des Ballasts in dem anderen Stützfuß verhältnismäßig gering gehalten werden kann.It is also advantageous if a supporting foot opposing the support foot provided with the ballast is designed as a buoyancy body or is provided with buoyancy bodies, so that the mass of the ballast in the other support foot can thereby be kept relatively low.
Ebenso können Teile der Konstruktion nicht geflutet sein und damit einen Auftrieb erfahren.Likewise, parts of the construction can not be flooded and thus experience a buoyancy.
Nach einem weiteren Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung ist ein Fundament eines Offshore-Bauwerks als Jacket-Fundament mit wenigstens drei, vorzugsweise vier Stützbeinen und mit wenigstens einer entsprechenden Anzahl von in den Meeresuntergrund eingesetzten Gründungspfählen vorgesehen, wobei die Stützbeine unter Lastabtrag in den Meeresuntergrund in den Gründungspfählen vergossen sind, wobei sich das Fundament dadurch auszeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Stützbein wenigstens ein Bracket aufweist, an welchem wenigstens ein wenigstens teilweise unter Seewassereinwirkung auflösbarer Stützkörper vorgesehen ist.According to a further aspect of the invention, a foundation of an offshore structure is provided as jacket foundation with at least three, preferably four support legs and at least a corresponding number of foundation piles inserted into the seabed, wherein the support legs shed under load transfer into the seabed in the foundation piles are, wherein the foundation is characterized in that at least one support leg has at least one bracket on which at least one at least partially dissolvable under seawater action support body is provided.
Hierdurch wird gewährleistet, dass nur ein temporärer Lastabtrag über das betreffende Bracket erfolgt und die Herstellung eines entgültigen Lastabtrags über die in den Gründungspfählen vergrouteten Stützbeine erfolgt.This ensures that only a temporary load transfer on the bracket in question takes place and the production of a final load transfer on the verground in the foundation piles supporting legs.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung dieses Fundaments umfasst der Stützkörper ein Elastomerkissen.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of this foundation, the support body comprises an elastomeric pad.
Alternativ kann der Stützkörper ein Aluminiumkissen umfassen oder als Aluminiumlager ausgebildet sein. Dieses Aluminiumlager kann hinsichtlich des Elastizitätsmoduls so ausgelegt sein, dass es mit den Zusatzlasten auf das Jacket, beispielsweise in Form von Turm und Gondel, in den plastischen Bereich kommt, also keine zusätzlichen Lasten mehr aufnimmt. Das Aluminiumlager oder Aluminiumkissen kann sich darüber hinaus im Meerwasser kathodisch auflösen, so dass letztendlich der Lastabtrag ausschließlich über die vergrouteten Stützbeine erfolgt.Alternatively, the support body may comprise an aluminum pad or be formed as an aluminum bearing. With regard to the modulus of elasticity, this aluminum bearing can be designed so that it comes with the additional loads on the jacket, for example in the form of tower and nacelle, in the plastic area, so no additional loads more accommodates. In addition, the aluminum bearing or aluminum cushion can cathodically dissolve in seawater, so that ultimately the load is removed exclusively via the routed support legs.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert.The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.
Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine schematische Ansicht eines auf Gründungspfählen abgesetzten Jackets,
Figur 2- eine schematische Grundrissansicht des in
dargestellten Jackets undFigur 1 Figur 3- eine Schnittansicht durch den mit Ballast versehenen Stützfuß, der bereits in einem Gründungspfahl abgesetzt ist.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic view of a stepped on foundation piles Jackets,
- FIG. 2
- a schematic plan view of the in
FIG. 1 Jackets and - FIG. 3
- a sectional view through the ballasted support leg, which is already deposited in a foundation pile.
In
Nach dem Setzen der Gründungspfähle 3 werden diese gegebenenfalls ausgebohrt und/oder ausgespült, d. h. über eine vorgegebene Länge von dem in diesen eingedrungenen Sediment/Gestein befreit, bzw. es wird das zum Vergrouten innerhalb des Gründungspfahls erforderliche Höhenniveau hergestellt.After setting the foundation piles 3 they are optionally drilled and / or rinsed out, d. H. over a given length of the sediment / rock penetrated in these freed, or it is made the required for Vergrouten within the foundation pile height level.
Bei dem hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel ist optional vorgesehen, in die Gründungspfähle 3 eine Füllung 5 in Form eines fließfähigen selbstverdichtenden Betons oder ein Vergussharz oder Sand oder ähnlichem Material einzubringen.In the embodiment described here is optionally provided to introduce into the foundation piles 3, a filling 5 in the form of a flowable self-compacting concrete or a casting resin or sand or similar material.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ können die Stützbeine 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d mit einem Bracket 6 versehen sein, welches sich nach Absetzen des Jackets 1 auf dem betreffenden Gründungspfahl 3 abstützt und so die Gewichtskraft des Jackets 1 in den Meeresuntergrund 4 abträgt.Additionally or alternatively, the
Unmittelbar vor dem Absetzen des Jackets 1 wird eine Nivellierung des Jackets 1 vorgenommen. Ist das Jacket 1 in der nivellierten Lage abgesetzt, wird die Vergussmasse in den Ringraum 7 der Gründungspfähle 3 eingebracht. Eine vollständige Einspannung und feste definierte Lagerung des Jackets 1 ist nach Aushärten der Vergussmasse gewährleistet.Immediately before settling of the
Nach dem Absetzen des Jackets 1 auf den Gründungspfählen 3 werden die Stützbeine 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d vergroutet, d. h. der verbleibende Ringraum 7 oder Freiraum zwischen dem betreffenden Stützbein 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d und dem Gründungspfahl 3 wird mit einer aushärtbaren Vergussmasse gefüllt.After settling of the
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht vor, dass wenigstens ein Stützbein, im vorliegenden Fall das mit 2d bezeichnete Stützbein, welches in
Das Jacket 1 ist so aufgestellt, dass das Stützbein 2d auf der Leeseite des Jackets angeordnet ist und das vom Massenscherpunkt 9 drittweitest entfernte Stützbein bildet. Die Stützbeine 2a, 2b und 2c sind ohne Ballast ausgeführt, wobei der Ballast 8 in dem Stützbein 2d so bemessen ist, dass die Last des Jackets 1 über die Stützbeine 2b, 2c, 2d abgetragen wird, von denen jedes näher zum Massenscherpunkt 9 angeordnet ist als das Stützbein 2a, das der Hauptwellenschlagrichtung zugewandt ist und die Luvseite des Jackets 1 bildet.The
Ist das Jacket 1 unter Lastabtrag auf diese Art und Weise auf den Gründungspfählen 3 aufgesetzt, gewährleistet die Lastverteilung der Stützbeine 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d eine stabile Auflage des Jackets auf den Stützbeinen 2a, 2c und 2d, wohingegen das Stützbein 2a entlastet ist und Auftrieb erfährt. So wird ein Kippmoment um die gedachte Linie zwischen den Stützbeinen 2b und 2c eingeleitet, was eine Belastung des Stützbeines 2d zur Folge hat. In diesem Zustand wird dann die Vergussmasse in den Ringraum 7 zwischen den betreffenden Stützbeinen 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d und dem Gründungspfahl eingebracht. Ist die Vergussmasse ausgehärtet, erfolgt der Lastabtrag über alle Stützbeine 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, die dann fest eingespannt sind.If the
Eine Nivellierung vor dem Einbringen der Vergussmasse erfolgt beispielsweise über Distanzstücke 10, die zwischen dem Bracket 6 und dem Gründungspfahl 3 angeordnet werden.A leveling prior to the introduction of the potting compound, for example, via
Wie der
- 11
- JacketJacket
- 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d2a, 2b, 2c, 2d
- Stützbeinesupport legs
- 33
- Gründungspfahlfoundation pile
- 44
- MeeresuntergrundSubsoil
- 55
- Füllungfilling
- 66
- Bracketbracket
- 77
- Ringraumannulus
- 88th
- Ballastballast
- 99
- MassenschwerpunktCenter of gravity
- 1010
- Distanzstückespacers
- 1111
- Stützkreuzsupporting cross
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102012024565 | 2012-12-17 | ||
DE201210025120 DE102012025120A1 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2012-12-21 | Method of constructing an offshore structure |
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EP2743404A1 true EP2743404A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP2743404B1 EP2743404B1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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EP20130195589 Active EP2743404B1 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2013-12-04 | Method for constructing an offshore structure |
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DE (1) | DE102012025120A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104060625A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-24 | 河海大学 | Offshore wind power foundation adopting steel rods for connecting vertical pile and inclined piles |
CN105064395A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-11-18 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | Offshore wind turbine foundation and construction mechanism thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE202011101599U1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-09-23 | Emilio Reales Bertomeo | Offshore foundation for wind turbines |
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NO339381B1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2016-12-05 | Owec Tower As | Method and apparatus for controlling power transmission between a structure and its foundation during installation |
-
2012
- 2012-12-21 DE DE201210025120 patent/DE102012025120A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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DE202011101599U1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-09-23 | Emilio Reales Bertomeo | Offshore foundation for wind turbines |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104060625A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-24 | 河海大学 | Offshore wind power foundation adopting steel rods for connecting vertical pile and inclined piles |
CN104060625B (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-02-10 | 河海大学 | The offshore wind power foundation of the stake of a kind of steel pole vertical connecting and taper pile |
CN105064395A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-11-18 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | Offshore wind turbine foundation and construction mechanism thereof |
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EP2743404B1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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