EP2740882B1 - Drilling device and method for producing a borehole - Google Patents

Drilling device and method for producing a borehole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2740882B1
EP2740882B1 EP12008107.0A EP12008107A EP2740882B1 EP 2740882 B1 EP2740882 B1 EP 2740882B1 EP 12008107 A EP12008107 A EP 12008107A EP 2740882 B1 EP2740882 B1 EP 2740882B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
drilling
drill
drilling device
flight
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EP12008107.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2740882A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Stimpfle-Ziegler
Manfred Schweiger
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Bauer Maschinen GmbH
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Bauer Maschinen GmbH
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Priority to EP12008107.0A priority Critical patent/EP2740882B1/en
Priority to US14/094,486 priority patent/US9376880B2/en
Publication of EP2740882A1 publication Critical patent/EP2740882A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B27/00—Containers for collecting or depositing substances in boreholes or wells, e.g. bailers, baskets or buckets for collecting mud or sand; Drill bits with means for collecting substances, e.g. valve drill bits
    • E21B27/04—Containers for collecting or depositing substances in boreholes or wells, e.g. bailers, baskets or buckets for collecting mud or sand; Drill bits with means for collecting substances, e.g. valve drill bits where the collecting or depositing means include helical conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/44—Bits with helical conveying portion, e.g. screw type bits; Augers with leading portion or with detachable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/003—Drilling with mechanical conveying means
    • E21B7/005—Drilling with mechanical conveying means with helical conveying means
    • E21B7/006—Drilling with mechanical conveying means with helical conveying means combined with a bucket-type container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for creating a borehole in the ground according to claim 11.
  • the drilling apparatus comprises a rotationally driven drilling tool for removing soil material and a container for receiving the removed soil material.
  • the container has a lower feed opening, through which the removed soil material can be introduced into the container.
  • box drills are not suitable for drilling hard rock or rock, since known drilling tools for hard rock or rock do not ensure reliable conveyance of the soil material into the container. It has therefore hitherto been necessary to first use a separate drilling tool for drilling hard rock, with which, for example, an existing rock layer can be torn open. Subsequently, after a tool change, the dissolved material is conveyed by means of the container. It is therefore always a tool change necessary to first dissolve the material and then to promote with the container or bucket from the borehole out.
  • progressive screws are known for drilling hard rock. These have a drilling screw tapering in the direction of drilling, on which a plurality of drill teeth is arranged. To loosen hard rock, progressive screws have a comparatively small spiral pitch.
  • a combination of box drill and progressive screw could not be implemented so far due to the flat spiral pitch and the resulting problems with respect to the opening on the container.
  • a drilling device with a container for receiving removed soil material is for example in the DE 102 19 757 C1 described. More box drills go out of the EP 1 640 507 A1 or the EP 0 628 700 A2 out.
  • DE 20 2004 004 799 U1 describes a worm drill with a drilling helix that tapers in the direction of drilling. Another progressive auger is in DE 296 12 342 U1 described.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a drilling apparatus and a method for creating a borehole in the ground, which, particularly in hard soils, allow a particularly economical creation of the borehole.
  • the object is achieved by a drilling device with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 11.
  • the above-mentioned drilling device further developed in that the drilling tool has at least one below the container arranged drill spiral with Abtragswerkmaschineen, in particular drill teeth, and that in an inlet region to the container between the drill coil and the feed opening an inlet section is provided, the slope relative to a slope of Drill is increased.
  • the method for creating a borehole is performed with a boring device according to the invention.
  • a first basic idea of the invention consists in the combination of a box drill, that is to say a drilling device with a container for receiving the removed soil material, and a drill spiral arranged below the container for removing the soil material.
  • the combination of auger and container or drilling bucket is inventively made possible by the fact that between the drill helix, which usually has a flat spiral pitch, and the feed opening of the container, a helical section is provided with an enlarged pitch relative to the drill helix. Due to this steep transition between the helix and the container, the dissolved soil material can be reliably transported into the drilling bucket despite the small pitch of the helix.
  • the axial distance between the uppermost (possibly single) turn of the drill spiral and the bottom of the drill bucket is increased by the inlet slope. This reduces the risk of collision of larger rocks with the bottom of the drilling bucket and thus clogging of the feed opening.
  • the size of the supply opening of the container bottom can be limited to a reasonable degree.
  • the drilling device according to the invention is particularly suitable for diameters of one meter or more.
  • the drilling helix is tapered in the drilling direction and that removal tools are arranged on an outer edge.
  • a drill spiral which can also be referred to as a progressive screw, is particularly suitable for the removal of hard rock.
  • a progressive screw comprises a drill spiral which widened counter to the direction of drilling or tapers in the direction of drilling and is equipped with a plurality of drilling tools in the form of drill teeth or drill bits.
  • the drill spiral has a spiral-shaped outer edge. Due to the tapered drill spiral, the outer edge forms in particular a conical space spiral.
  • the combination of drilling helix and receiving container for the removed material makes it possible to realize a particularly economical drilling method, in particular in the case of hard rock.
  • the hard soil material is loosened by means of the particularly suitable progressive screw and conveyed over the drill spiral upwards, in the direction of the container.
  • the material in particular discontinuously, can be conveyed upwards out of the borehole.
  • the drill helix is designed as a multiple helix, in particular as a double helix, and that two or more feed openings are formed on the container accordingly.
  • the use of two or more Bohrwendelblechen or a Mehrfachhelix allows automatic centering of the drilling tool in the borehole.
  • a simple emptying of the container outside the borehole can be achieved in that the drilling helix is fastened to a container base that is pivotably or rotatably hinged to the container.
  • the drill spiral can thus be pivoted together with the container bottom, so that the cuttings received in the container can fall out freely.
  • An improved centering of the drilling tool in the borehole can be achieved by providing one of the boring helix in the drilling direction leading centering shaft, which comprises at least one front-side removal tool.
  • the centering shaft may comprise a shaft body around which a helical groove and / or a helix extends.
  • the particular cylindrical centering extends preferably in the axial extension of a support shaft, around which the drill spiral is arranged, and preferably has a length which corresponds to at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% of the axial length of the holding shaft of the drill.
  • At least one removal tool in particular a drill tooth or chisel, is arranged on a lower end face of the centering shaft.
  • a plurality of removal tools are placed eccentrically on the end face of the centering shaft and obliquely set in the direction of rotation of the centering shaft.
  • the removal tools on the drill helix are preferably arranged radially in front of the outer edge of the drill helix.
  • the Abtragswerkmaschinee which may be executed in particular as a drill teeth or chisel, obliquely against the drilling direction and show with their drill bit chisel tip obliquely in the direction of rotation of the drill.
  • the drilling helix is preferably non-rotatably connected to the container and rotatably drivable together with the container.
  • a holding shank is preferably attached to the container bottom, on the outer circumference of which the drilling helix is arranged.
  • a connection device for connecting a drill pipe is preferably provided.
  • the container is rotationally driven by means of the drill string.
  • About the container with this rotatably connected drill spiral is also driven.
  • the feed opening of the container is closable.
  • a sliding closure can be provided, which is movable transversely to the drilling direction and by means of which the feed opening can be closed.
  • the bottom of the container preferably comprises a base member pivotally hinged about an axis transverse to the drilling direction on the container body and a sliding shutter which is movable parallel to the base member to open and close the feed opening in the bottom of the container.
  • the sliding closure is rotatably mounted about a central axis of the container, which preferably represents the drilling axis.
  • the opening and closing of the sliding closure can be realized with a suitable drive mechanism.
  • a particularly good stability of the device is achieved in that the inlet section is supported in the inlet region to the container via at least one support plate. Due to the increased slope of the inlet section compared to the underlying drill spiral, the inlet region is subjected to comparatively large forces. To derive this effectively, one or more support plates are arranged in the rear region of the inlet section or below the inlet section, which derive the forces. The support plates preferably extend transverse to a conveying surface of the inlet section and are based on the one hand on the inlet section and on the other hand on the container bottom.
  • a drilling device 10 is in the Figures 1 and 2 shown.
  • the drilling apparatus 10 includes a container 20 for receiving removed or dissolved soil material.
  • a drilling tool 40 is arranged, which can also be referred to as a progressive screw.
  • the drilling tool 40 comprises a central holding shaft 42, which extends centrally below the container 20 in the drilling direction.
  • To the holding shaft 42 are two Bohrwendelbleche 47 arranged as a double helix Bohrchtl 46 arranged. In principle, however, only one Bohrchtlblech 47 may be provided, or it can be arranged more than two Bohrchtlbleche 47.
  • the drilling helixes 46 or bore helix plates 47 taper radially in the drilling direction, that is to say the radial extent decreases in the direction of drilling.
  • removal tools 50 are arranged in the form of drill teeth, which are designed for dissolving soil material, in particular of rock or rock.
  • Ground material is released by means of the drilling teeth arranged along the drilling helix 46.
  • the dissolved soil material is conveyed via the drilling helix 46, which has a first pitch, in the direction of the container 20.
  • the container 20 comprises a container bottom 22, in which a feed opening 24 is formed, via which the dissolved soil material can be introduced into the container 20.
  • the feed opening 24 can be closed with a sliding closure 26.
  • the drilling tool 40 with its drilling helix 46 and the drill teeth or chisels attached thereto is designed in particular for rock or rock and accordingly has a slope suitable for this purpose.
  • an inlet section 52 is provided above the boring spiral 46, which has a greater pitch than the boring spiral 46.
  • the inlet section 52 extends exclusively below the feed opening 24 of the container bottom 22. It forms a conveyor section for conveying the removed soil material from the drilling helix 46 to the feed opening 24 and in particular has a constant, compared to the drill helix 46 increased pitch.
  • the inlet section 52 comprises an inlet plate 53 between the drill spiral 46 and the container bottom 22, in particular between an upper end region of the drill spiral 46 and an inlet edge of the container bottom 22 at the edge of the feed opening 24.
  • the inlet plate 53 is supported on its lower or rear side by one or more support plates 56.
  • the support plates 56 divert the forces acting on the inlet plate 53 into the container bottom 22.
  • the container bottom 22 is pivotably mounted on a container base body, in particular on a cylinder wall 30 of the container 20.
  • the container bottom 22 can be pivoted out of the drilling axis together with the drilling tool 40, so that the container 20 can be emptied outside the borehole.
  • connection device 36 At an upper end of the container 20, a connection device 36 is provided, to which a drill pipe for rotating the container 20 and / or for applying an axial feed force can be connected.
  • the connection device 36 can in particular be designed as a so-called Kellybox.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the container bottom 22 with the firmly attached drilling tool 40 detached from the container body.
  • the drilling tool 40 below the drilling helix 46 comprises a centering shaft 60, which extends in extension of the holding shank 42 and can in principle be formed integrally therewith.
  • a shaft main body 62 conveying spirals 66 with a radial depth of a few millimeters or centimeters.
  • helices 62 helical grooves 64 are formed through which soil material is conveyed upwards. This facilitates the screwing of the centering shaft 60 in the ground.
  • the helices 66 have a constant radius along the shaft main body 62.
  • On one underside of the shaft main body 62 are one or more removal tools 68, which may be designed in particular for the removal of hard rock and may be referred to as pilots.
  • Fig. 4 It can be seen that the removal tools 50 or drill teeth when viewed from the drilling tool 40 extend from below along the drill spiral 46 or the respective Bohrwendelbleches 47 approximately along an involute or a logarithmic or a hyperbolic spiral. Each Bohrwendelblech 47 passes less than one revolution, in particular about half a turn. At the inlet section 52, the drilling helix 46 reaches the diameter of the container 20. The inlet section 52 is designed without removal tools.
  • the container 20 has one or more feed openings 24.
  • the feed openings 24 extend axially above a portion of the drill coils 46 and above the inlet section 52.
  • a baffle 54 may be disposed to reliably convey the soil material into the container 20.
  • the baffle 54 may be provided with a crushing edge 55, which may in particular extend obliquely downwards.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bohrvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Bohrloches im Boden gemäß Anspruch 11.The invention relates to a drilling apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for creating a borehole in the ground according to claim 11.

Die Bohrvorrichtung umfasst ein drehend angetriebenes Bohrwerkzeug zum Abtragen von Bodenmaterial und einen Behälter zum Aufnehmen des abgetragenen Bodenmaterials. Der Behälter weist eine untere Zuführöffnung auf, durch welche das abgetragene Bodenmaterial in den Behälter einleitbar ist.The drilling apparatus comprises a rotationally driven drilling tool for removing soil material and a container for receiving the removed soil material. The container has a lower feed opening, through which the removed soil material can be introduced into the container.

Bekannte Bohrvorrichtungen mit einem Behälter zum Aufnehmen des gelösten Materials, sogenannte Kastenbohrer, eignen sich nicht zum Bohren von hartem Gestein oder Fels, da bekannte Bohrwerkzeuge für hartes Gestein oder Fels keine zuverlässige Förderung des Bodenmaterials in den Behälter gewährleisten. Es ist daher bisher erforderlich, zum Bohren von hartem Gestein zunächst ein separates Bohrwerkzeug zu verwenden, mit welchem beispielsweise eine vorhandene Felsschicht aufgerissen werden kann. Anschließend wird nach einem Werkzeugwechsel das gelöste Material mittels des Behälters gefördert. Es ist daher immer ein Werkzeugwechsel notwendig, um das Material zunächst zu lösen und anschließend mit dem Behälter oder Bohreimer aus dem Bohrloch heraus zu fördern.Known boring devices with a container for receiving the dissolved material, so-called box drills, are not suitable for drilling hard rock or rock, since known drilling tools for hard rock or rock do not ensure reliable conveyance of the soil material into the container. It has therefore hitherto been necessary to first use a separate drilling tool for drilling hard rock, with which, for example, an existing rock layer can be torn open. Subsequently, after a tool change, the dissolved material is conveyed by means of the container. It is therefore always a tool change necessary to first dissolve the material and then to promote with the container or bucket from the borehole out.

Zum Bohren von hartem Gestein sind beispielsweise sogenannte Progressivschnecken bekannt. Diese weisen eine sich in Bohrrichtung verjüngende Bohrschnecke auf, an welcher eine Mehrzahl von Bohrzähnen angeordnet ist. Zum Lösen von hartem Gestein weisen Progressivschnecken eine vergleichsweise geringe Wendelsteigung auf.For example, so-called progressive screws are known for drilling hard rock. These have a drilling screw tapering in the direction of drilling, on which a plurality of drill teeth is arranged. To loosen hard rock, progressive screws have a comparatively small spiral pitch.

Problematisch bei der Verwendung von Progressivschnecken ist zum einen, dass gelöste Felsteile bei trockenen Bohrungen nur schwer auf den Schneckenwendeln liegen bleiben. Zum anderen werden die doch liegen bleibenden Felsteile bei flüssigkeitsgestützten Bohrungen beim Herausziehen des Werkzeugs häufig heruntergespült. Zum Fördern des gelösten Bodenmaterials aus dem Bohrloch werden daher separate Vorrichtungen mit einem Bohreimer eingesetzt.The problem with the use of progressive screws, on the one hand, is that loosened rock parts are difficult to remain on the screw flights during dry drilling. On the other hand, the remaining rock parts are often washed down during liquid-supported drilling when pulling out the tool. Therefore, separate devices with a drilling bucket are used to convey the dissolved soil material out of the borehole.

Eine Kombination aus Kastenbohrer und Progressivschnecke konnte bisher aufgrund der flachen Wendelsteigung und der daraus resultierenden Probleme bezüglich der Öffnung am Behälter nicht umgesetzt werden.A combination of box drill and progressive screw could not be implemented so far due to the flat spiral pitch and the resulting problems with respect to the opening on the container.

Eine Bohrvorrichtung mit einem Behälter zum Aufnehmen von abgetragenem Bodenmaterial ist beispielsweise in der DE 102 19 757 C1 beschrieben. Weitere Kastenbohrer gehen aus der EP 1 640 507 A1 oder der EP 0 628 700 A2 hervor.A drilling device with a container for receiving removed soil material is for example in the DE 102 19 757 C1 described. More box drills go out of the EP 1 640 507 A1 or the EP 0 628 700 A2 out.

DE 20 2004 004 799 U1 beschreibt einen Schneckenbohrer mit einer sich in Bohrrichtung verjüngenden Bohrwendel. Ein weiterer Progressivschneckenbohrer ist in DE 296 12 342 U1 beschrieben. DE 20 2004 004 799 U1 describes a worm drill with a drilling helix that tapers in the direction of drilling. Another progressive auger is in DE 296 12 342 U1 described.

Eine gattungsgemäße Bohrvorrichtung mit einem Behälter, an dessen unterem Ende ein Bohrwerkzeug mit Bohrwendel angekuppelt ist, geht aus der US 2005/0241859 A1 hervor.A generic drilling device with a container, at the lower end of a drilling tool is coupled with drill spiral, goes out of the US 2005/0241859 A1 out.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bohrvorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Bohrloches im Boden anzugeben, welche, insbesondere bei harten Böden, eine besonders wirtschaftliche Erstellung des Bohrloches ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to provide a drilling apparatus and a method for creating a borehole in the ground, which, particularly in hard soils, allow a particularly economical creation of the borehole.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Bohrvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 gelöst.The object is achieved by a drilling device with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 11.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Die oben angegebene Bohrvorrichtung ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch weitergebildet, dass das Bohrwerkzeug mindestens eine unterhalb des Behälters angeordnete Bohrwendel mit Abtragswerkzeugen, insbesondere Bohrzähnen, aufweist und dass in einem Einlaufbereich zum Behälter zwischen der Bohrwendel und der Zuführöffnung ein Einlaufabschnitt vorgesehen ist, dessen Steigung gegenüber einer Steigung der Bohrwendel vergrößert ist.The above-mentioned drilling device according to the invention further developed in that the drilling tool has at least one below the container arranged drill spiral with Abtragswerkzeugen, in particular drill teeth, and that in an inlet region to the container between the drill coil and the feed opening an inlet section is provided, the slope relative to a slope of Drill is increased.

Das Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Bohrloches wird mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Bohrvorrichtung durchgeführt.The method for creating a borehole is performed with a boring device according to the invention.

Ein erster Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht in der Kombination aus einem Kastenbohrer, das heißt einer Bohrvorrichtung mit einem Behälter zum Aufnehmen des abgetragenen Bodenmaterials, und einer unterhalb des Behälters angeordneten Bohrwendel zum Abtragen des Bodenmaterials.A first basic idea of the invention consists in the combination of a box drill, that is to say a drilling device with a container for receiving the removed soil material, and a drill spiral arranged below the container for removing the soil material.

Die Kombination von Bohrschnecke und Behälter beziehungsweise Bohreimer wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch ermöglicht, dass zwischen der Bohrwendel, welche üblicherweise eine flache Wendelsteigung aufweist, und der Zuführöffnung des Behälters ein Wendelabschnitt mit einer gegenüber der Bohrwendel vergrößerten Steigung vorgesehen ist. Durch diesen steilen Übergangzwischen Wendel und Behälter kann das gelöste Bodenmaterial trotz der geringen Steigung der Bohrwendel zuverlässig in den Bohreimer transportiert werden. Zudem wird durch die Einlaufschräge der axiale Abstand zwischen der obersten (gegebenenfalls einzigen) Windung der Bohrwendel und dem Boden des Bohreimers vergrößert. Dies vermindert die Gefahr einer Kollision von größeren Gesteinsbrocken mit dem Boden des Bohreimers und damit eines Verstopfens der Zuführöffnung. Außerdem kann die Größe der Zufuhröffnung des Behälterbodens auf ein sinnvolles Maß begrenzt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Bohrvorrichtung ist insbesondere für Durchmesser von einem Meter oder mehr geeignet.The combination of auger and container or drilling bucket is inventively made possible by the fact that between the drill helix, which usually has a flat spiral pitch, and the feed opening of the container, a helical section is provided with an enlarged pitch relative to the drill helix. Due to this steep transition between the helix and the container, the dissolved soil material can be reliably transported into the drilling bucket despite the small pitch of the helix. In addition, the axial distance between the uppermost (possibly single) turn of the drill spiral and the bottom of the drill bucket is increased by the inlet slope. This reduces the risk of collision of larger rocks with the bottom of the drilling bucket and thus clogging of the feed opening. In addition, the size of the supply opening of the container bottom can be limited to a reasonable degree. The drilling device according to the invention is particularly suitable for diameters of one meter or more.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, dass die Bohrwendel sich in Bohrrichtung verjüngend ausgebildet ist und dass an einer Außenkante Abtragswerkzeuge angeordnet sind. Eine solche Bohrwendel, welche auch als Progressivschnecke bezeichnet werden kann, eignet sich insbesondere zum Abtragen von hartem Gestein. Eine Progressivschnecke umfasst eine Bohrwendel, welche sich entgegen der Bohrrichtung verbreitert beziehungsweise in Bohrrichtung verjüngt und mit einer Mehrzahl von Bohrwerkzeugen in Form von Bohrzähnen oder Bohrmeißeln bestückt ist. Die Bohrwendel weist eine spiralförmige verlaufende Außenkante auf. Aufgrund der sich verjüngenden Bohrwendel bildet die Außenkante insbesondere eine konische Raumspirale.According to the invention, it is preferred that the drilling helix is tapered in the drilling direction and that removal tools are arranged on an outer edge. Such a drill spiral, which can also be referred to as a progressive screw, is particularly suitable for the removal of hard rock. A progressive screw comprises a drill spiral which widened counter to the direction of drilling or tapers in the direction of drilling and is equipped with a plurality of drilling tools in the form of drill teeth or drill bits. The drill spiral has a spiral-shaped outer edge. Due to the tapered drill spiral, the outer edge forms in particular a conical space spiral.

Durch die Kombination von Bohrwendel und Aufnahmebehälter für das abgetragene Material lässt sich, insbesondere bei hartem Gestein, ein besonders wirtschaftliches Bohrverfahren realisieren. Das harte Bodenmaterial wird mittels der hierfür besonders geeigneten Progressivschnecke gelöst und über die Bohrwendel nach oben, in Richtung des Behälters gefördert. Mittels des oberhalb der Progressivschnecke angeordneten Behälters kann das Material, insbesondere diskontinuierlich, nach oben aus dem Bohrloch heraus gefördert werden.The combination of drilling helix and receiving container for the removed material makes it possible to realize a particularly economical drilling method, in particular in the case of hard rock. The hard soil material is loosened by means of the particularly suitable progressive screw and conveyed over the drill spiral upwards, in the direction of the container. By means of the container arranged above the progressive screw, the material, in particular discontinuously, can be conveyed upwards out of the borehole.

Insbesondere bei großen Bohrdurchmessern ist es bevorzugt, dass die Bohrwendel als Mehrfachhelix, insbesondere als Doppelhelix, ausgeführt ist und dass an dem Behälter entsprechend zwei oder mehr Zuführöffnungen ausgebildet sind. Die Verwendung von zwei oder mehr Bohrwendelblechen beziehungsweise einer Mehrfachhelix ermöglicht eine automatische Zentrierung des Bohrwerkzeugs im Bohrloch.Especially with large bore diameters, it is preferred that the drill helix is designed as a multiple helix, in particular as a double helix, and that two or more feed openings are formed on the container accordingly. The use of two or more Bohrwendelblechen or a Mehrfachhelix allows automatic centering of the drilling tool in the borehole.

Eine einfache Entleerung des Behälters außerhalb des Bohrlochs kann dadurch erzielt werden, dass die Bohrwendel an einem schwenkbar oder drehbar an dem Behälter angelenkten Behälterboden befestigt ist. Die Bohrwendel kann somit zusammen mit dem Behälterboden verschwenkt werden, so dass das in dem Behälter aufgenommene Bohrgut frei herausfallen kann.A simple emptying of the container outside the borehole can be achieved in that the drilling helix is fastened to a container base that is pivotably or rotatably hinged to the container. The drill spiral can thus be pivoted together with the container bottom, so that the cuttings received in the container can fall out freely.

Eine verbesserte Zentrierung des Bohrwerkzeugs im Bohrloch kann dadurch erzielt werden, dass ein der Bohrwendel in Bohrrichtung vorauseilender Zentrierschaft vorgesehen ist, welcher zumindest ein stirnseitiges Abtragswerkzeug umfasst. Der Zentrierschaft kann einen Schaftgrundkörper umfassen, um welchen sich eine wendelförmige Nut und/oder eine Wendel erstreckt. Der insbesondere zylinderförmige Zentrierschaft erstreckt sich vorzugsweise in axialer Verlängerung eines Halteschaftes, um welchen die Bohrwendel angeordnet ist, und weist vorzugsweise eine Länge auf, die mindestens 20%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 30% der axialen Länge des Halteschaftes der Bohrwendel entspricht. An einer unteren Stirnfläche des Zentrierschaftes ist mindestens ein Abtragswerkzeug, insbesondere ein Bohrzahn oder Meißel, angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind mehrere Abtragswerkzeuge außermittig an der Stirnfläche des Zentrierschaftes platziert und schräg in Drehrichtung des Zentrierschaftes angestellt.An improved centering of the drilling tool in the borehole can be achieved by providing one of the boring helix in the drilling direction leading centering shaft, which comprises at least one front-side removal tool. The centering shaft may comprise a shaft body around which a helical groove and / or a helix extends. The particular cylindrical centering extends preferably in the axial extension of a support shaft, around which the drill spiral is arranged, and preferably has a length which corresponds to at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% of the axial length of the holding shaft of the drill. At least one removal tool, in particular a drill tooth or chisel, is arranged on a lower end face of the centering shaft. Preferably, a plurality of removal tools are placed eccentrically on the end face of the centering shaft and obliquely set in the direction of rotation of the centering shaft.

Die Abtragswerkzeuge an der Bohrwendel sind vorzugsweise radial gegenüber der Außenkante der Bohrwendel vorstehend angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind die Abtragswerkzeuge, welche insbesondere als Bohrzähne oder Meißel ausgeführt sein können, gegenüber der Bohrrichtung schräg angestellt und zeigen mit ihrer Bohroder Meißelspitze schräg in Drehrichtung der Bohrwendel.The removal tools on the drill helix are preferably arranged radially in front of the outer edge of the drill helix. Preferably, the Abtragswerkzeuge, which may be executed in particular as a drill teeth or chisel, obliquely against the drilling direction and show with their drill bit chisel tip obliquely in the direction of rotation of the drill.

Die Bohrwendel ist vorzugsweise drehfest mit dem Behälter verbunden und gemeinsam mit dem Behälter drehend antreibbar. Hierzu ist an dem Behälterboden vorzugsweise ein Halteschaft angebracht, an dessen Außenumfang die Bohrwendel angeordnet ist.The drilling helix is preferably non-rotatably connected to the container and rotatably drivable together with the container. For this purpose, a holding shank is preferably attached to the container bottom, on the outer circumference of which the drilling helix is arranged.

An einem oberen Ende des Behälters ist vorzugsweise eine Anschlusseinrichtung zum Anschließen eines Bohrgestänges vorgesehen. Der Behälter ist mittels des Bohrgestänges drehend antreibbar. Über den Behälter wird die mit diesem drehfest verbundene Bohrwendel ebenfalls angetrieben.At an upper end of the container, a connection device for connecting a drill pipe is preferably provided. The container is rotationally driven by means of the drill string. About the container with this rotatably connected drill spiral is also driven.

Vorzugsweise ist die Zuführöffnung des Behälters verschließbar. Hierzu kann beispielsweise ein Schiebeverschluss vorgesehen sein, welcher quer zur Bohrrichtung bewegbar ist und mittels welchem die Zuführöffnung verschlossen werden kann. Der Boden des Behälters umfasst vorzugsweise ein Grundelement, welches schwenkbar um eine Achse quer zur Bohrrichtung an dem Behältergrundkörper angelenkt ist und einen Schiebeverschluss, welcher parallel zum Grundelement bewegbar ist, um die Zuführöffnung im Boden des Behälters zu öffnen und zu verschließen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Schiebeverschluss um eine zentrale Achse des Behälters, welche vorzugsweise die Bohrachse darstellt, drehbar gelagert. Das Öffnen und Schließen des Schiebeverschlusses kann mit einer geeigneten Antriebsmechanik realisiert werden.Preferably, the feed opening of the container is closable. For this purpose, for example, a sliding closure can be provided, which is movable transversely to the drilling direction and by means of which the feed opening can be closed. The bottom of the container preferably comprises a base member pivotally hinged about an axis transverse to the drilling direction on the container body and a sliding shutter which is movable parallel to the base member to open and close the feed opening in the bottom of the container. In a preferred embodiment, the sliding closure is rotatably mounted about a central axis of the container, which preferably represents the drilling axis. The opening and closing of the sliding closure can be realized with a suitable drive mechanism.

Eine besonders gute Stabilität der Vorrichtung wird dadurch erzielt, dass der Einlaufabschnitt im Einlaufbereich zum Behälter über mindestens ein Stützblech abgestützt ist. Aufgrund der vergrößerten Steigung des Einlaufabschnitts im Vergleich zu der darunterliegenden Bohrwendel ist der Einlaufbereich vergleichsweise großen Kräften ausgesetzt. Um diese wirksam abzuleiten, sind im Rückbereich des Einlaufabschnittes beziehungsweise unterhalb des Einlaufabschnittes ein oder mehrere Stützbleche angeordnet, die die Kräfte ableiten. Die Stützbleche erstrecken sich vorzugsweise quer zu einer Förderfläche des Einlaufabschnittes und stützen sich einerseits an dem Einlaufabschnitt und andererseits an dem Behälterboden ab.A particularly good stability of the device is achieved in that the inlet section is supported in the inlet region to the container via at least one support plate. Due to the increased slope of the inlet section compared to the underlying drill spiral, the inlet region is subjected to comparatively large forces. To derive this effectively, one or more support plates are arranged in the rear region of the inlet section or below the inlet section, which derive the forces. The support plates preferably extend transverse to a conveying surface of the inlet section and are based on the one hand on the inlet section and on the other hand on the container bottom.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die im Zusammenhang mit der Bohrvorrichtung beschriebenen Vorteile erzielt.With the method according to the invention, the advantages described in connection with the drilling device are achieved.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen, die in den beiliegenden, schematischen Figuren dargestellt sind, weiter erläutert. In den Figuren zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Bohrvorrichtung mit geschlossenem Behälterboden;
Fig. 2
die Bohrvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 mit geöffnetem Behälterboden;
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Behälterbodens mit Progressivschnecke; und
Fig. 4
eine Ansicht von unten des Behälterbodens mit Progressivschnecke aus Fig. 3.
The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of preferred embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying schematic figures. In the figures shows:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a drilling device according to the invention with a closed container bottom;
Fig. 2
the drilling device according to Fig. 1 with opened container bottom;
Fig. 3
a perspective view of a container tray according to the invention with progressive screw; and
Fig. 4
a bottom view of the tank bottom with progressive screw Fig. 3 ,

Gleiche oder gleich wirkende Elemente sind in sämtlichen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Identical or equivalent elements are indicated in all figures with the same reference numerals.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Bohrvorrichtung 10 ist in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt. Die Bohrvorrichtung 10 umfasst einen Behälter 20 zum Aufnehmen von abgetragenem oder gelöstem Bodenmaterial. Unterhalb des Behälters 20, welcher auch als Bohreimer bezeichnet werden kann, ist ein Bohrwerkzeug 40 angeordnet, welches auch als Progressivschnecke bezeichnet werden kann. Das Bohrwerkzeug 40 umfasst einen zentralen Halteschaft 42, welcher sich mittig unterhalb des Behälters 20 in Bohrrichtung erstreckt. Um den Halteschaft 42 sind zwei Bohrwendelbleche 47 einer als Doppelhelix ausgeführten Bohrwendel 46 angeordnet. Grundsätzlich kann aber auch nur ein Bohrwendelblech 47 vorgesehen sein, oder es können mehr als zwei Bohrwendelbleche 47 angeordnet sein. Die Bohrwendeln 46 beziehungsweise Bohrwendelbleche 47 verjüngen sich radial in Bohrrichtung, das heißt die radiale Ausdehnung nimmt in Bohrrichtung ab. An einer Außenkante 48 der Bohrwendeln 46 sind Abtragswerkzeuge 50 in Form von Bohrzähnen angeordnet, die zum Lösen von Bodenmaterial, insbesondere von Gestein oder Fels, ausgebildet sind.A drilling device 10 according to the invention is in the Figures 1 and 2 shown. The drilling apparatus 10 includes a container 20 for receiving removed or dissolved soil material. Below the container 20, which can also be referred to as a drilling bucket, a drilling tool 40 is arranged, which can also be referred to as a progressive screw. The drilling tool 40 comprises a central holding shaft 42, which extends centrally below the container 20 in the drilling direction. To the holding shaft 42 are two Bohrwendelbleche 47 arranged as a double helix Bohrwendel 46 arranged. In principle, however, only one Bohrwendelblech 47 may be provided, or it can be arranged more than two Bohrwendelbleche 47. The drilling helixes 46 or bore helix plates 47 taper radially in the drilling direction, that is to say the radial extent decreases in the direction of drilling. At an outer edge 48 of the boring helix 46 removal tools 50 are arranged in the form of drill teeth, which are designed for dissolving soil material, in particular of rock or rock.

Mittels der entlang der Bohrwendel 46 angeordneten Bohrzähne wird Bodenmaterial gelöst. Das gelöste Bodenmaterial wird über die Bohrwendel 46, welche eine erste Steigung aufweist, in Richtung des Behälters 20 gefördert. Der Behälter 20 umfasst einen Behälterboden 22, in welchem eine Zuführöffnung 24 ausgebildet ist, über welche das gelöste Bodenmaterial in den Behälter 20 eingeleitet werden kann. Die Zuführöffnung 24 kann mit einem Schiebeverschluss 26 verschlossen werden.Ground material is released by means of the drilling teeth arranged along the drilling helix 46. The dissolved soil material is conveyed via the drilling helix 46, which has a first pitch, in the direction of the container 20. The container 20 comprises a container bottom 22, in which a feed opening 24 is formed, via which the dissolved soil material can be introduced into the container 20. The feed opening 24 can be closed with a sliding closure 26.

Das Bohrwerkzeug 40 mit seiner Bohrwendel 46 und den daran befestigten Bohrzähnen oder Meißeln ist insbesondere für Gestein oder Fels ausgelegt und weist dementsprechend eine hierfür geeignete Steigung auf. Zum Einleiten des Bodenmaterials in den Behälter 20 ist oberhalb der Bohrwendel 46 ein Einlaufabschnitt 52 vorgesehen, welcher eine größere Steigung aufweist als die Bohrwendel 46.The drilling tool 40 with its drilling helix 46 and the drill teeth or chisels attached thereto is designed in particular for rock or rock and accordingly has a slope suitable for this purpose. For introducing the soil material into the container 20, an inlet section 52 is provided above the boring spiral 46, which has a greater pitch than the boring spiral 46.

Die Bohrwendel 46 mit der ersten Steigung führt bis unterhalb der Zuführöffnung 24. Im Bereich unterhalb der Zuführöffnung 24 befindet sich der Übergang zu dem Einlaufabschnitt 52. Der Einlaufabschnitt 52 erstreckt sich ausschließlich unterhalb der Zuführöffnung 24 des Behälterbodens 22. Er bildet einen Förderabschnitt zum Fördern des abgetragenen Bodenmaterials von der Bohrwendel 46 zur Zuführöffnung 24 und weist insbesondere eine konstante, gegenüber der Bohrwendel 46 vergrößerte Steigung auf.In the area below the feed opening 24 is the transition to the inlet section 52. The inlet section 52 extends exclusively below the feed opening 24 of the container bottom 22. It forms a conveyor section for conveying the removed soil material from the drilling helix 46 to the feed opening 24 and in particular has a constant, compared to the drill helix 46 increased pitch.

Der Einlaufabschnitt 52 umfasst ein Einlaufblech 53 zwischen der Bohrwendel 46 und dem Behälterboden 22, insbesondere zwischen einem oberen Endbereich der Bohrwendel 46 und einer Einlaufkante des Behälterbodens 22 am Rand der Zuführöffnung 24.The inlet section 52 comprises an inlet plate 53 between the drill spiral 46 and the container bottom 22, in particular between an upper end region of the drill spiral 46 and an inlet edge of the container bottom 22 at the edge of the feed opening 24.

Durch den Einlaufabschnitt 52 mit vergrößerter Steigung erhält das geförderte Bohrgut einen Impuls in axialer Richtung, also entlang der Bohrachse. Zur Verbesserung der Stabilität des Bohrwerkzeugs 40 ist das Einlaufblech 53 an seiner Unter- beziehungsweise Rückseite durch ein oder mehrere Abstützbleche 56 abgestützt. Die Abstützbleche 56 leiten die auf das Einlaufblech 53 wirkenden Kräfte in den Behälterboden 22 ab.Through the inlet section 52 with increased pitch receives the funded cuttings a pulse in the axial direction, ie along the drilling axis. To improve the stability of the drilling tool 40, the inlet plate 53 is supported on its lower or rear side by one or more support plates 56. The support plates 56 divert the forces acting on the inlet plate 53 into the container bottom 22.

Der Behälterboden 22 ist an einem Behältergrundkörper, insbesondere an einer Zylinderwand 30 des Behälters 20, schwenkbar gelagert. Der Behälterboden 22 lässt sich zusammen mit dem Bohrwerkzeug 40 aus der Bohrachse heraus verschwenken, so dass der Behälter 20 außerhalb des Bohrlohes entleert werden kann.The container bottom 22 is pivotably mounted on a container base body, in particular on a cylinder wall 30 of the container 20. The container bottom 22 can be pivoted out of the drilling axis together with the drilling tool 40, so that the container 20 can be emptied outside the borehole.

An einem oberen Ende des Behälters 20 ist eine Anschlusseinrichtung 36 vorgesehen, an welche ein Bohrgestänge zum drehenden Antreiben des Behälters 20 und/oder zum Aufbringen einer axialen Vorschubkraft angeschlossen werden kann. Die Anschlusseinrichtung 36 kann insbesondere als sogenannte Kellybox ausgebildet sein.At an upper end of the container 20, a connection device 36 is provided, to which a drill pipe for rotating the container 20 and / or for applying an axial feed force can be connected. The connection device 36 can in particular be designed as a so-called Kellybox.

Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen den Behälterboden 22 mit dem daran fest angebrachten Bohrwerkzeug 40 losgelöst von dem Behältergrundkörper. Wie in den Figuren deutlich zu erkennen ist, umfasst das Bohrwerkzeug 40 unterhalb der Bohrwendel 46 einen Zentrierschaft 60, welcher sich in Verlängerung des Halteschaftes 42 erstreckt und grundsätzlich einstückig mit diesem ausgebildet sein kann. An einem Außenumfang des Zentrierschaftes 60 erstrecken sich um einen Schaftgrundkörper 62 Förderwendeln 66 mit einer radialen Tiefe von wenigen Millimetern oder Zentimetern. Zwischen den Wendeln 62 sind helixförmigen Nuten 64 gebildet, durch welche Bodenmaterial nach oben förderbar ist. Dies erleichtert das Eindrehen des Zentrierschaftes 60 in den Boden. Die Wendeln 66 weisen entlang des Schaftgrundkörpers 62 einen gleichbleibenden Radius auf. An einer Unterseite des Schaftgrundkörpers 62 befinden sich ein oder mehrere Abtragswerkzeuge 68, welche insbesondere zum Abtragen von hartem Gestein ausgebildet sein können und als Piloten bezeichnet werden können. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the container bottom 22 with the firmly attached drilling tool 40 detached from the container body. As can be clearly seen in the figures, the drilling tool 40 below the drilling helix 46 comprises a centering shaft 60, which extends in extension of the holding shank 42 and can in principle be formed integrally therewith. On an outer circumference of the centering shaft 60 extend around a shaft main body 62 conveying spirals 66 with a radial depth of a few millimeters or centimeters. Between the helices 62 helical grooves 64 are formed through which soil material is conveyed upwards. This facilitates the screwing of the centering shaft 60 in the ground. The helices 66 have a constant radius along the shaft main body 62. On one underside of the shaft main body 62 are one or more removal tools 68, which may be designed in particular for the removal of hard rock and may be referred to as pilots.

Fig. 4 ist zu entnehmen, dass sich die Abtragswerkzeuge 50 beziehungsweise Bohrzähne bei Ansicht des Bohrwerkzeugs 40 von unten entlang der Bohrwendel 46 beziehungsweise des jeweiligen Bohrwendelbleches 47 etwa entlang einer Evolvente oder einer logarithmischen oder einer hyperbolischen Spirale erstrecken. Jedes Bohrwendelblech 47 überstreicht weniger als eine Umdrehung, insbesondere etwa eine halbe Umdrehung. An dem Einlaufabschnitt 52 erreicht die Bohrwendel 46 den Durchmesser des Behälters 20. Der Einlaufabschnitt 52 ist ohne Abtragswerkzeuge ausgeführt. Fig. 4 It can be seen that the removal tools 50 or drill teeth when viewed from the drilling tool 40 extend from below along the drill spiral 46 or the respective Bohrwendelbleches 47 approximately along an involute or a logarithmic or a hyperbolic spiral. Each Bohrwendelblech 47 passes less than one revolution, in particular about half a turn. At the inlet section 52, the drilling helix 46 reaches the diameter of the container 20. The inlet section 52 is designed without removal tools.

Entsprechend der Anzahl der Bohrwendelbleche 47 weist der Behälter 20 ein oder mehrere Zuführöffnungen 24 auf. Die Zuführöffnungen 24 erstrecken sich axial oberhalb eines Teilabschnitts der Bohrwendeln 46 und oberhalb des Einlaufabschnittes 52. Am äußeren Rand des Einlaufabschnittes 52, entlang des Umfangs der Bohrvorrichtung 10, kann ein Leitblech 54 angeordnet sein, um das Bodenmaterial zuverlässig in den Behälter 20 zu fördern. Das Leitblech 54 kann mit einer Zerkleinerungskante 55 versehen sein, die sich insbesondere schräg nach unten erstrecken kann.According to the number of Bohrwendelbleche 47, the container 20 has one or more feed openings 24. The feed openings 24 extend axially above a portion of the drill coils 46 and above the inlet section 52. At the outer edge of the inlet section 52, along the circumference of the drilling apparatus 10, a baffle 54 may be disposed to reliably convey the soil material into the container 20. The baffle 54 may be provided with a crushing edge 55, which may in particular extend obliquely downwards.

Claims (11)

  1. Drilling device for producing a borehole in the ground with
    - a drilling tool (40) driven in a rotating manner for removing ground material and
    - a container (20) for receiving the removed ground material,
    - wherein the container (20) has a lower feed opening (24), through which the removed ground material can be introduced into the container (20), and
    - the drilling tool (40) has at least one drill flight (46) which is arranged below the container (20) and has removal tools (50),
    characterized in that
    - in an inlet area to the container between the drill flight (46) and the feed opening (24) an inlet section (52) is provided, the pitch of which is increased with respect to a pitch of the drill flight (46).
  2. Drilling device according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the drill flight (46) is designed as a multiple helix, in particular as a double helix, and in that on the container (20) two or more feed openings (24) are designed accordingly.
  3. Drilling device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the drill flight (46) is designed in a tapering manner in the drilling direction and in that on an outer edge (48) removal tools (50) are arranged.
  4. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    the drill flight (46) is fixed on a container bottom (22) which is linked in a pivotable manner to the container (20).
  5. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    a centering shaft (60) preceding the drill flight (46) in the drilling direction is provided, which comprises a frontal removal tool (68) and at least one helical groove (64) extending around a shaft base body and/or a conveyor flight (66).
  6. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the removal tools (50) project radially with respect to the outer edge (48) of the drill flight (46).
  7. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the drill flight (46) is connected in a torque-proof manner to the container (20) and can be driven in a rotating manner together with the container (20).
  8. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    at an upper end of the container (20) a connection means (36) for connecting a drill rod is provided.
  9. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    the feed opening (24) of the container (20) is closable.
  10. Drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the inlet section (52) in the inlet area to the container (20) is supported by way of at least one support plate (56).
  11. Method for producing a borehole in the ground with a drilling device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
EP12008107.0A 2012-12-04 2012-12-04 Drilling device and method for producing a borehole Active EP2740882B1 (en)

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EP12008107.0A EP2740882B1 (en) 2012-12-04 2012-12-04 Drilling device and method for producing a borehole
US14/094,486 US9376880B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2013-12-02 Drilling device and method for producing a borehole

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CN106677733A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-17 深圳市建设（集团）有限公司 Large-diameter drilling drill with drill residue salvaging device
CN109138885A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-01-04 杨娅琼 One kind unloading earth boring auger bucket device
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CN112267839A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-01-26 中铁四局集团建筑工程有限公司 Drill bit for rotary drilling rig

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US9376880B2 (en) 2016-06-28
EP2740882A1 (en) 2014-06-11

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