Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/67—Vitamins
  • A61K8/676—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
  • A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
  • A23B4/16—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
  • A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
  • A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
  • A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
  • A23B4/22—Microorganisms; Enzymes; Antibiotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
  • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
  • A23L3/3409—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
  • A23L3/3445—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
  • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
  • A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
  • A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
  • A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair

Definitions

• the invention relates to compositions and methods for decreasing or eliminating adverse effects of chlorinating and/or brominating agents.
• the compositions and/or methods reduce the chlorine/bromine bonded to the surface of objects that have been exposed to chlorinating and/or brominating agents.
• Chlorine (including, for example, gaseous or solvated Cl 2 , chlorine comprising oxidizing agents, and salts thereof) has a multitude of uses. For example, it can be used for disinfecting, whitening, bleaching, and clarifying materials. Chlorine is often used as an antimicrobial agent. For example sodium hypochlorite (a chlorinating agent) is known to kill a broad array of microbes. Owing to the efficacy, cost, and versatility of chlorinating agents, they are incredibly attractive reagents for a variety of home and industrial applications.
• a down side to using chlorinating agents in the home and industry is that they can react with many of the materials to which they are exposed— often materials that the user would like to keep free from chlorination. Because materials and surfaces that are exposed to chlorine and chlorinating agents undergo a chemical reaction with the chlorine, their chemical composition becomes altered. Part of the chlorine and/or chlorinating agent becomes bound to the material or surface. Accordingly, one cannot simply wash away the residual chlorine. The bound chlorine must first be liberated before it can be washed away.
• a user may, for example, wish to sterilize biological materials, metal, glass, textitles, floors, etc. with a chlorinating agent, but not wish to chlorinate the surface. If the chlorine is not liberated, it can react with other molecules that later come into contact with the material or surface.
• the user wishes to sterilize water with a chlorinating agent but does not necessarily want to chlorinate everything that comes into contact with the water.
• a chlorinating agent may wish to chlorinate the water to remove microbes but might not necessarily want to chlorinate all of the pool's users and their swimming attire.
• swimming is a popular form of exercise and pastime. By its nature, swimming requires immersing oneself in a body of water. People may swim in either natural bodies of water (such as lakes, oceans, rivers, etc.), or man-made swimming pools.
• Man-made swimming pools are usually smaller than naturally occurring bodies of water. They are also usually self-contained structures, consisting of a finite body of water separated from the surrounding environment, for example by walls. Pools provide an aqueous environment that is kept within a biologically habitable temperature range, such as about 65 - 90 Q F. Some pools may be kept cooler or warmer. For example, a hot tub may be maintained at more than 90 °-F.
• a swimmer brings a variety of living and non-living substances into the pool. For example, the swimmer's skin, hair, saliva, urine, sweat, and other secretions may come into contact with the pool water. Owing to the aqueous medium and adequate temperature, pools provide a suitable environment for living organisms, such as bacteria, to thrive. [0010] Pools are usually treated with chemicals chosen to prevent the growth of harmful organisms, such as bacteria. Properly used, these chemicals keep the pool water substantially free from harmful contaminants.
• chlorinating agents e.g., chlorine, hypochlorite salts such as calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid
• brominating agents e.g., bromine, salts comprising bromine, etc.
• the chemicals used to treat pool water work by reacting with certain molecules that come into contact with the pool water. For example, these chemicals may react with bacteria's biologically important molecules, thereby killing the bacteria.
• body fibers refers to relatively exterior portions of the body, where the body meets the external environment.
• the body fibers would include, e.g., skin, hair, eyes, and nails (collectively referred to herein as "body fibers," and intending to include keratinous fibers that make up the hair, skin, and nails, as well as mucous membranes), comprise proteins.
• human hair is made largely from alpha keratin (cc-keratin).
• Those proteins are made from amino acids. All amino acids, including those making up proteins, have one or more N-H bonds.
• cystine In cc-keratin, the most abundant amino acid is cystine, which accounts for about 15% of the protein. Monomeric L-cystine has two N-H bonds. The oxidized dimmer of cystine has four N-H bonds. When present within a protein, each cystine residue has one N-H bond.
• N-H bonds in the amino acids in body fibers can react with the chemicals found in pool water.
• one or more N-H bonds in an amino acid in the protein of hair or skin can react with a chlorinating agent used in pool water to form N-CI, an amino chloride.
• the reacted amino acid, now containing an N-CI bond is still part of the protein in the hair or skin.
• Those remaining pool chemicals can be released throughout the day, for example as a result of exposing the skin to moisture, namely water.
• moisture namely water.
• proteins of the human body may become chlorinated and/or brominated.
• Subsequent exposure of those chlorinated and/or brominated amino groups to water e.g. rain or sweat
• water e.g. rain or sweat
• pool chemicals such as chlorine or bromine
• those reactions may cause irritation.
• some swimmers report itchy or inflamed skin following swimming in pools.
• Some swimmers indicate that mucous membranes, such as the sensitive nasal skin, becomes itchy and irritated following swimming.
• compositions comprising 2.1 percent w/w of ascorbic acid, which is said to be sufficient to reduce the oxidation state of iron ions bonded to hair.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,690,81 8 discloses a combination of hair and skin conditioners and moisturizers, namely, "a combination of cocodimonium hydrolyzed keratin and a mixture of monosaccharides and disaccharides
• scalding tanks contain hot water that softens the skin, making it easier to remove the feathers.
• the temperature of the water is carefully controlled, at least in part to control the chickens' color. If retaining the yellow skin color is desired, a soft-scald is used (about 50 ° C or 122° F). If a white bird is desired, a higher scald temperature is used, resulting in the removal of the yellow pellicle. Turkeys and spent hens (egg-laying birds that have finished their laying cycles) are generally run at higher temperatures— 59° to 60° C (138° to 140° F).
• the carcasses After bleeding and scalding, the carcasses go through the feather-picking machines, which beat off the feathers with rubber fingers. Throughout the feathering process, the carcasses are moved through a sequence of machines, each optimized for removing different sets of feathers. Then, the carcasses may be singed by passing through a flame that burns off any remaining feathers.
• Evisceration can be performed either by hand or by using an automated mechanical device. Automated evisceration lines can operate at a rate of about 70 birds per minute. The evisceration equipment is cleaned (with relatively high levels of chlorine) after each bird.
• the lungs and kidneys are removed separately from the other visceral organs using a vacuum pipe.
• the carcasses are then washed thoroughly. After the carcasses have been washed, they are chilled to a temperature below 4° C (40° F).
• the two main methods for chilling poultry are water chilling and air chilling. Water chilling is performed in chlorinated water.
• Water chilling is used throughout North America and involves a prechilling step in which a countercurrent flow of cold water is used to lower the temperature of the carcasses.
• the carcasses are then moved into a chiller— a large tank specifically designed to move the carcasses through in a specific amount of time. Multiple tanks are often used to minimize cross-contamination.
• a specified overflow of water for each tank is required by law in the United States and Canada. Although this renders the chilling process very water-intensive, it helps to minimize bacterial cross-contamination by diluting the microorganisms washed off the carcasses, thereby preventing recontamination.
• any chlorine present in the chiller water reacts with the body fibers of the eviscerated chicken.
• the body fibers that make up the exterior of the chicken comprise proteins made from amino acids, which, as described above, have one or more N-H bonds.
• the N-H bonds in the amino acids making up chicken protein can react with the chlorine in chlorinated water.
• one or more N-H bonds in an amino acid in the protein of the chicken can react with a chlorinating agent to form N-CI, an amino chloride.
• the reacted amino acid, now containing an N-CI bond is still part of the chicken protein.
• the residual chlorinated water can be rinsed off after a chicken is removed from the chiller, that sort of rinsing may not effectively eliminate all the adverse effects of exposure of the chicken carcass to the chemically-treated water.
• the chicken's proteins have chemically reacted with one or more chlorinating agents, they are physically changed but, at least in part, remain part of the chicken, i.e. they are not all rinsed away by normal rinsing.
• the remaining chicken-bound chemicals can be released after the chicken is packaged and sent to the marketplace.
• chlorine-containing molecules may be released by exposing the chicken to additional water, pH changes, or merely allowing for the passage of time.
• the chicken's protein may become chlorinated.
• Subsequent exposure of those chlorinated amino groups to air and water may release chlorine containing chemicals, which may cause packaged chicken to have undesirable properties.
• the chicken may have an undesirable odor (e.g., of "chlorine" or "bleach"), the chicken may lose depth of color, and/or the chicken may include residual chloride and/or hypochlorite.
• Some of these released molecules may be harmful to the chicken meat.
• compositions and methods for treating materials that have been exposed to chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine relate to compositions and methods for treating materials that have been exposed to chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine. It is noted that, for ease of reference only, the disclosure references chlorine specifically, in at least certain exemplary embodiments. However, where compositions and methods pertaining to chlorine are disclosed, the disclosure also specifically contemplates analogous compositions and methods directed to bromine and iodine, whether or not so stated.
• compositions and methods for sanitizing, disinfecting, and/or bleaching materials comprising: (1 ) first treating said material with a chlorinating agent and, (2) thereafter treating the surface and/or material with a composition comprising an effective amount of ascorbic acid, are disclosed.
• the above methods include one or more aqueous rinsing steps.
• sanitizing means cleaning.
• disinfecting means killing living organisms (e.g., bacteria).
• bleaching means fading the color of a material, usually making it less intense.
• compositions and methods for eliminating odors from materials exposed to chlorinating agents comprising: (1 ) treating said material with a chlorinating agent, and (2) thereafter treating the surface and/or material with a composition comprising an effective amount of ascorbic acid, are disclosed.
• the above methods include one or more aqueous rinsing steps.
• compositions and methods for eliminating residual chlorine from materials exposed to chlorinating agents comprising: (1 ) treating said surface and/or material with a chlorinating agent and, (2) thereafter treating the surface and/or material with a composition comprising an effective amount of ascorbic acid, are disclosed.
• the above methods include one or more aqueous rinsing steps.
• compositions and methods for preventing color fading of materials exposed to chlorinating agents comprising: (1 ) treating said surface and/or material with a chlorinating agent and, (2) thereafter treating the surface and/or material with a composition comprising an effective amount of ascorbic acid, are disclosed.
• the above methods include one or more aqueous rinsing steps.
• ascorbic acid may be used in place of, or in addition to, ascorbic acid.
• Salts and/or derivatives of ascorbic acid would function similarly within the context of the disclosed compositions and methods.
• esters or ethers of ascorbic acid may be used in the compositions and methods of the invention.
• ascorbic acid it is intended to include salts and/or derivatives (e.g. oxidized forms or esters) thereof, whether or not so stated.
• stereoisomers of ascorbic acid, salts, and esters including isolated stereoisomers and all mixtures thereof.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid is intended to include any amount of ascorbic acid that is sufficient to achieve any of the intended goals (e.g. eliminating odors, preventing fading of color, etc.) or convert any of the N-CI bound to body fibers or the fibers of the material into N-H.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid means an amount sufficient to mitigate (i.e. reduce to any degree or eliminate completely) the perceptible adverse effects of exposure to chlorine or a chlorinating agent.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid would be an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate undesirable "pool odor" from the swimmer's body fiber, clothes' fibers, towel fibers, etc.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid, salts, and/or derivatives (e.g., oxidative degradation products) thereof may be about 2.5 to about 25% within an aqueous solution.
• an aqueous solution according to the disclosure may comprise a
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid is an amount sufficient to reduce the number of N-CI and/or N-Br bonds in fibers of a material by at least 50%. In further exemplary embodiments, an effective amount may reduce the number of N-CI and/or N-Br bonds in body fibers or material fibers by at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99%. [0057] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an effective amount of ascorbic acid means a saturated aqueous solution of ascorbic acid.
• saturated solution of ascorbic acid is commonly accepted to be a solution made of 330 grams of ascorbic acid per one Liter of water. This concentration will vary as a function of temperature.
• the disclosure relates to saturated solutions of ascorbic acid at any temperature, meaning the maximum amount of ascorbic acid that is soluble in water at the given temperature.
• the amount of ascorbic acid useful to mitigate adverse effects of exposure to chlorine or chlorinating agents may vary from one embodiment to another, or one application to another.
• the amount needed to decrease or eliminate pool odor and/or itching and/or skin irritation may vary from person to person, depending on, for example, how much hair and/or skin that person has.
• Choosing an effective amount is within the skill of those of skill in the art, and may, optionally be done empirically, i.e. using more ascorbic acid where the pool odor and/or itching/ and/or skin irritation persists after applying ascorbic acid.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid may range from about 0.2 to about 10 grams, such as about 0.5 to about 5 grams, or such as about 1 to about 3 grams.
• the pH of the ascorbic acid solution is between about 1 .9 - 2.2.
• the ascorbic acid used in the compositions and/or methods described herein may be supplemented with or replaced by one or more aqueous acids to form acidic aqueous solutions.
• the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of less than 6. In another embodiment, the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of less than 5. In another embodiment, the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of less than 4. In another
• the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of between 3 and 4. In another embodiment, the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of less than 3. In another
• the acidic aqueous solution has a pH of about 2. In one embodiment, the pH of the acidic aqueous solution is between about 1 .9 - 2.2.
• compositions according to the disclosure may be aqueous or non-aqueous, and may be in any known form.
• they may be solutions, powders, tablets, creams, gels, emulsions, etc.
• the compositions may be in the form of a tablet, such as an effervescent tablet, which may be placed in water or another solvent before use.
• a tablet such as an effervescent tablet
• the composition may be an aqueous solution.
• the ascorbic acid composition may be a foaming composition, comprising water, ascorbic acid, and a foaming agent.
• Exemplary foaming compositions may be made by mixing an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid with a foaming agent (e.g, an appropriate shampoo, soap, or body wash) to form a liquid that is capable of providing a foam when dispensed through a foaming dispenser, such as, for example, a hand-soap-type dispenser.
• a foaming agent e.g, an appropriate shampoo, soap, or body wash
• the composition or method includes an ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent having a pH of less than 6.
• the ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent has a pH of less than 5.
• the ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent has a pH of less than 4.
• the ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent has a pH of between 3 and 4. In another embodiment, the ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent has a pH of less than 3. In another embodiment, the ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent has a pH of about 2. In one embodiment, the pH of the ascorbic acid solution comprising soap and/or a foaming agent is between about 1 .9 - 2.2.
• compositions of the invention may also optionally include other component(s) useful in compositions intended to be applied to body fibers (including, but not limited to emollients, preservatives, perfumes, thickeners, etc.), as long as the additional component(s) do not substantially interfere with the intended function of the ascorbic acid, i.e. the conversion of the N-CI and/or N-Br bonds to N-H bonds. It may also be desirable in various embodiments that the additional components do not damage or otherwise adversely affect the body fibers.
• One of skill in the art would be able, through routine experimentation, to formulate acceptable compositions comprising an effective amount of ascorbic acid, salts, and/or derivatives thereof, and formulations thereof, for treatment of body fibers as described hereinA
• compositions of the invention may also optionally include other component(s) useful in compositions intended to be applied to other materials, as described herein, such as materials intended to be sanitized.
• component(s) useful in compositions intended to be applied to other materials as described herein, such as materials intended to be sanitized.
• One of skill in the art will be able, through routine experimentation and knowledge generally available, to determine the appropriate types and amounts of such additional components, depending on, for example, the type of application intended.
• compositions contemplated herein may be made, for example by mixing (A) an aqueous acidic solution not comprising ascorbic acid with (B) appropriate additional components including, but not limited to, shampoo, soap, or body wash to form a liquid comprising ascorbic acid.
• compositions useful according to various embodiments of the disclosure there may be any amount of (5f?)-[(1 S)-1 ,2- dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5/-/)-one and dehydroascorbic acid present in various embodiments of the invention, as long as at least some amount of each is present, such as, for example, one of the following:
• the aqueous solution of ascorbic acid comprises greater than 99% (5fl)-[(1 S)-1 ,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5/-/)-one and less than 1 % dehydroascorbic acid.
• the aqueous solution of ascorbic acid comprises from 95-100% (5fl)-[(1 S)-1 ,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5/-/)-one and from 0-5% dehydroascorbic acid.
• the aqueous solution of ascorbic acid comprises from 80-95% (5fl)-[(1 S)-1 ,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5/-/)-one and from 5-20% dehydroascorbic acid.
• the aqueous solution of ascorbic acid comprises from 60-80% (5fl)-[(1 S)-1 ,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5/-/)-one and from 20-40% dehydroascorbic acid.
• the aqueous solution of ascorbic acid comprises from 30-60% (5fl)-[(1 S)-1 ,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5/-/)-one and from 40-70% dehydroascorbic acid.
• At least one embodiment of the disclosure provides methods for mitigating the adverse effects of subjecting poultry to chlorinated water. More specifically, it has been discovered that these effects may be mitigated by converting the amino chloride (N-CI) groups bonded to chicken protein back into amino (N-H) groups. Although not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that this conversion reverses the effects of chlorinated water because eliminating the N-CI groups from the protein fibers prevents those groups from subsequently liberating reactive (e.g., bleaching) or odorous chemicals after the chicken has been sent into the marketplace.
• N-CI amino chloride
• N-H amino
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid as used herein is intended to include any amount of ascorbic acid that is sufficient to convert any of the N-CI groups bound to chicken fibers into N-H groups, or to achieve any of the goals described herein, such as, for example, eliminating residual chlorine and preventing fading of color.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid means an amount sufficient to mitigate (i.e. reduce to any degree or eliminate completely) the perceptible adverse effects of exposure to chlorinated water.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid would be an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid, salts, and/or derivatives may be about 5 to about 25 wt% within an aqueous solution.
• an aqueous solution according to the disclosure may comprise a concentration of ascorbic acid ranging from about 0.5 to about 2 Molar.
• the amount of ascorbic acid, salts, and/or derivatives is present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 5 wt% of an aqueous solution.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid is an amount sufficient to reduce the number of N-CI bonds in chlorinated chicken by at least 50%. In further exemplary embodiments, an effective amount may reduce the number of N-CI bonds in chlorinated chicken by at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99%.
• the amount of ascorbic acid required to eliminate chlorine odor from chlorinated chicken may vary depending on the amount of chicken present, the degree of chlorination, and/or the temperature at which the ascorbic acid is applied. Selecting the correct amount can be done by any method, such as, for example, empirically, i.e. using more ascorbic acid where the adverse effects (e.g., odor, discoloration, residual chlorine) persist after applying ascorbic acid.
• compositions according to the disclosure may be aqueous or non-aqueous, and may be in any known form.
• compositions of the invention may also optionally include other component(s) useful in compositions intended to be applied to chicken fibers, as long as the additional component(s) do not substantially interfere with the intended function of the ascorbic acid, i.e. mitigating the adverse effects of chorine on chicken protein, or otherwise adversely affect the chicken.
• additional component(s) i.e. mitigating the adverse effects of chorine on chicken protein, or otherwise adversely affect the chicken.
• One of skill in the art would be able, through routine experimentation, to formulate acceptable compositions comprising an effective amount of ascorbic acid, salts, and/or derivatives thereof, and formulations thereof, for treatment of chlorinated chicken as described herein.
• Further aspects of the invention provide methods of mitigating the adverse effects of exposing chicken to chlorinated water, said methods comprising treating chicken fibers with an effective amount of ascorbic acid. Additional embodiments comprise methods of treating chicken fibers with salts and/or derivatives of ascorbic acid, in place of or in addition to ascorbic acid. As above, any combination of
• stereoisomers of ascorbic acid are contemplated for use in the methods of the invention. Also, any and all degradation products of ascorbic acid are contemplated for use in the methods of the invention.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied by spraying an effective amount of aqueous solution of ascorbic acid onto chicken after the chicken is removed from the chiller.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied by submerging the chicken in an effective amount of an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid after the chicken is removed from the chiller.
• the chicken is first removed from the chiller, then rinsed with plain water to remove excess chiller water, then treated with aqueous ascorbic acid.
• the chicken is first removed from the chiller, then rinsed with plain water to remove excess chiller water, then treated with aqueous ascorbic acid, and then additionally rinsed to remove excess ascorbic acid.
• the chicken is removed from the chiller and then treated with aqueous ascorbic acid.
• the chicken is removed from the chiller, then treated with aqueous ascorbic acid, then additionally rinsed to remove excess ascorbic acid.
• compositions comprising ascorbic acid, salts and/or derivatives thereof may, in various embodiments, be applied to the chicken fibers and immediately removed (e.g. by rinsing the keratinous fibers right away), or may be left on the keratinous fibers for a period of time after application.
• the keratinous fibers may be washed (e.g. with plain water or brine) subsequent to the application of ascorbic acid.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied by spraying an effective amount of aqueous solution of ascorbic acid onto the body fibers of a subject, such as, for example, the skin and/or hair.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid may be sprayed by any method known, such as, for example, an aerosol spray or a non-aerosol pump bottle.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied by using a foaming composition comprising ascorbic acid, water, and a foaming agent.
• the foaming composition is applied by dispensing said foaming composition through a foaming hand soap dispenser, thereby creating a foaming lather, which is applied to the hair and/or skin.
• a foaming composition can be made by diluting a handsoap with aqueous ascorbic acid, such as a composition disclosed in this application.
• a person exposed to a swimming pool may optionally first rinse the residual pool water from his/her hair and/or body, then apply an effective amount of ascorbic acid to his/her hair and/or body.
• the person may thereafter immediately or substantially immediately wash the hair and/or body with soap, or may apply shampoo and/or conditioner.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is sprayed onto the hair and/or body after rinsing off residual pool water without subsequently immediately or substantially immediately washing the hair and/or body.
• This invention also contemplates, in certain embodiments, applying an effective amount of ascorbic acid without first rinsing.
• ascorbic acid When ascorbic acid is applied without first rinsing, more ascorbic acid may, in at least some embodiments, be required than when applied subsequent to rinsing.
• the method of applying an effective amount of ascorbic acid is intended to include a method where a subject, such as a swimmer, applies an amount of ascorbic acid sufficient to reduce and/or eliminate his/her own "pool odor" and/or irritation as perceived by the subject.
• a subject such as a swimmer
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid required to reduce and/or eliminate the subject's odor and/or irritation may depend on the amount of hair and/or skin that the subject has.
• a subject may adjust the amount of ascorbic acid applied based on his or her own observations— if the subject experiences "pool odor" and/or irritation following administering aqueous ascorbic acid, more may be applied.
• the methods according to the disclosure relate to methods of treating hair comprising applying an effective amount of a composition comprising ascorbic acid, as described herein. It is contemplated that a person with little or no hair would recognize that using a smaller amount of ascorbic acid provides effective reduction or elimination of "pool odor" and/or irritation, and thus, in at least certain embodiments, an effective amount may be less than in an embodiment where a person has a lot of hair.
• such methods comprise treating body fibers with compositions comprising ascorbic acid, as described herein.
• the ascorbic acid, salts and/or derivatives thereof, and/or the compositions comprising ascorbic acid, salts and/or derivatives thereof may, in various embodiments, be applied to the body fibers and immediately removed (e.g. by rinsing the fibers right away), or may be left on the body fibers for a period of time after application.
• the body fibers may be washed (e.g. with soap or shampoo) subsequent to the application of ascorbic acid.
• material herein is intended to include any surface, other than body fibers, which may come into contact with chlorinating, bromating, etc., agents, including, by way of non-limiting example, textiles, metal, glass, organic polymer surfaces, and the like.
• pool chemicals should not be considered to be limited to chemicals in pools. Rather, the term is intended to cover chemicals typically used in pools, such as chlorinating agents (e.g., hypochlorite salts such as calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid) or brominating agents (e.g., bromine, salts comprising bromine, hypobromous acid, etc.), whether or not the exposure to those chemicals actually occurs in a swimming pool.
• chlorinating agents e.g., hypochlorite salts such as calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid
• brominating agents e.g., bromine, salts comprising bromine, hypobromous acid, etc.
• chlorinated and/or brominated pool water with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid.
• Such treatment may reduce the "pool odor" of the textiles.
• treating swimming attire exposed to chlorinated and/or brominated pool water with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid as described herein has been found to reduce the "pool odor" of that swimming attire.
• Treating swimming attire exposed to chlorinated and/or brominated pool water with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid has also been found to reduce the oxidative damage done to the swimming attire, thereby prolonging its life and reducing the fading and/or discoloration of its materials, typically associated with such textiles.
• an effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied by contacting the textiles with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid.
• the textiles may first be rinsed with standard tap water before applying the ascorbic acid as described herein, and optionally thereafter rinsing the textiles a second time with standard tap water.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied without first rinsing the textiles with standard tap water.
• the effective amount of ascorbic acid is applied by using an aerosol container.
• the textiles may optionally be washed as normal, subsequent to the application of the ascorbic acid as described herein.
• the textiles may be treated with about 0.2 to about 10 grams of ascorbic acid, such as about 0.5 to about 5 grams of ascorbic acid, or about 1 to about 3 grams of ascorbic acid.
• the three swimmers in the Swim Spray group rinsed their skin and hair with warm shower water for about 30 seconds and then applied the solution 13 by spraying the solution onto their skin and hair. A total of 5 mL of solution 13 was sprayed onto each subject's skin, and a total of 10 mL of solution 13 was sprayed onto each subject's hair. After exiting the pool, the three swimmers in the control group similarly rinsed their hair and skin with warm shower water, but did not apply the solution.

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• 2011
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