EP2734720A1 - Combustion method for piston combustion engines - Google Patents

Combustion method for piston combustion engines

Info

Publication number
EP2734720A1
EP2734720A1 EP12733420.9A EP12733420A EP2734720A1 EP 2734720 A1 EP2734720 A1 EP 2734720A1 EP 12733420 A EP12733420 A EP 12733420A EP 2734720 A1 EP2734720 A1 EP 2734720A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
internal combustion
top dead
piston
pilot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP12733420.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Volker Heiderich
Thomas Koch
Johannes Ritzinger
Wilhelm Ruisinger
Friedrich Schmid
Tobias Weyand
Fabian Trapp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of EP2734720A1 publication Critical patent/EP2734720A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/403—Multiple injections with pilot injections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion method for a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel internal combustion engine, whose fuel injection system operates with pre-injection, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a working with such a combustion process
  • Piston internal combustion engines in particular for diesel internal combustion engines known whose fuel injection system works with pre-injection. Due to the fact that in particular diesel internal combustion engines with relatively low compression ratio and with fuels of relatively low cetane number have to work, they have
  • a fuel injection control system which is intended to facilitate, in particular, starting of diesel internal combustion engines. To do so, the fuel injection control system injects a pilot fuel spray into a combustion chamber in synchronism with a signal representative of an angular position of the crankshaft
  • Diesel engine indicates. After the fuel pre-jet has been injected, the fuel injection control system injects a main fuel jet with a larger amount than that of the injected fuel pre-jet. Even if the engine speed is low and, in particular, is subject to great changes as in the cold-start phase, the fuel injection control system of the Fuel jet reliably injected into the combustion chamber at a desired time. In the cold start phase, however, not only the fuel pre-jet is injected in front of the main fuel jet, but also ignited at the same time to produce a readily ignitable, triggering state in the combustion chamber. The subsequently injected fuel main beam can thus be easily ignited by the triggering state in the combustion chamber, whereby the diesel engine can be started reliably and safely and in particular the noise and pollutant emissions during the cold start phase can be reduced.
  • diesel internal combustion engines have the fundamental disadvantage of relatively high cylinder tip pressures.
  • the compression ratio is selected to be relatively low under certain circumstances, which in turn has the disadvantage that during the cold start phase and at partial load due to the then particularly high
  • Temperature level in the cylinder increased significantly and thus better ignition conditions can be created.
  • the present invention therefore deals with the problem for a
  • Combustion method and a reciprocating internal combustion engine of the generic type to provide an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a reliable start even at low ambient temperatures and low-grade fuel.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea that in a pre-injection combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines during a cold start phase, two pre-injections occur before reaching an upper one
  • Main injection significantly improved and additionally causes a reduced ignition delay, whereby the injected fuel quantity can be significantly better implemented and used. It is between the individual pilot injections
  • crank angle distance ⁇ of about 20 ° CA and between the second pilot injection and a main injection a crank angle ß distance of about 5 ° KW speed independent observed.
  • fixed time intervals are usually adhered to, which, however, causes difficulties with regard to mixture formation in an ignition delay.
  • the pilot injections Due to the fixed crank angle spacings ⁇ of about 20 ° CA and ⁇ of about 5 ° CA between the individual pilot injections or between the second pilot injection and the main injection, the pilot injections generally also speed independent, since the first pilot injection always at about 25 ° KW before the top dead center and the second pilot injection takes place at about 5 ° CA before top dead center.
  • the cold start phase can be reduced and thus shorter start times can be achieved, as well as a noise and pollutant emission during the cold start phase and during partial load operation, in particular during idling.
  • the ignition conditions of a mixture in a combustion chamber of the piston internal combustion engine are improved by means of a glow plug.
  • Glow plugs are in a known manner as electrical
  • the glow plug is energized only briefly during the start of the reciprocating internal combustion engine and thereby heated. Especially at
  • Diesel engines can be facilitated by such glow plugs igniting the combustion chamber located in the fuel-air mixture by the firing conditions of the fuel-air mixture are improved at least at the heated tip of the glow plug, which helps to reliably and safely start the To reach diesel engine.
  • diesel fuel only ignites badly when the diesel engine is cold-started, for which mainly cold walls of the combustion chamber and the piston are responsible for their high specific heat capacity.
  • the piston speed generated by an electric starter is low, which also reduces the heat of compression.
  • the heat of compression also comparatively quickly transfers to the still cold cylinder walls or to a still cold piston bottom.
  • Glow plug at the end of the cold start phase is energized at least a certain well-defined time and thus further heated to lower the pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas can continue.
  • the time period in which the glow plug is energized and thereby also a vehicle battery charged to a considerable extent can be limited to a few seconds in modern glow plugs.
  • two different types of glow plugs are used, namely, on the one hand, metal glow plugs and, on the other hand, ceramic glow plugs which are in particular in the temperature of a glow shaft, such as metal glow plugs 1,000 ° C and ceramic glow plugs up to 1,300 ° C, differ.
  • the present invention is further based on the general idea, in a known piston internal combustion engine, in particular in a
  • Diesel internal combustion engine to use a fuel injection system, which causes during a cold start phase, a first pilot injection at about 25 ° CA before the top dead center of the piston and a second pilot injection at about 5 ° CA before top dead center and thereby between the pilot injections a crank angle distance ⁇ of about 20 ° CA and between the second pilot injection and the main injection a crank angle ß of about 5 ° KW complies with speed independent.
  • a fuel injection system which causes during a cold start phase, a first pilot injection at about 25 ° CA before the top dead center of the piston and a second pilot injection at about 5 ° CA before top dead center and thereby between the pilot injections a crank angle distance ⁇ of about 20 ° CA and between the second pilot injection and the main injection a crank angle ß of about 5 ° KW complies with speed independent.
  • Fuel injection system according to the invention operates according to the generally formulated and explained combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines and thereby achieves the achievable by the combustion process according to the invention, the particular shorter start times at low temperatures, safe starts of the reciprocating internal combustion engine at very low temperatures up to -30 ° C, a
  • Piston internal combustion engines Due to the ever increasing Of course, environmental regulations and emission regulations also have a positive effect on reducing pollutant emissions, especially during the cold start phase.
  • 1 is a diagram illustrating a pressure P in a combustion chamber of a
  • Piston internal combustion engine as a function of a crank angle KW when carrying out a combustion method according to the invention and for comparison when carrying out a conventional combustion method
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a start time t s in response to a
  • combustion method according to the invention for reciprocating internal combustion engines in particular for diesel internal combustion engines, read the fuel injection system with two
  • Pre-injections works. It can clearly be seen that a first pre-injection 2 takes place at about 25 ° CA before the top dead center of a piston, whereas a second pre-injection 2 takes place
  • Pre-injection 3 takes place at about 5 ° CA before top dead center.
  • the top dead center is at 0 ° CA.
  • At the top dead center then takes place a main injection 4.
  • crank angle distance ⁇ of about 20 ° KW met whereas between the second pilot injection 3 and the main injection 4 a crank angle ß distance of about 5 ° KW is maintained.
  • a curve 5 shows in comparison to the curve 1, a conventional combustion method in which the
  • the ignition conditions of a mixture in a combustion chamber are improved by means of a glow plug, which preheats, for example, for about 2 seconds.
  • the glow plug is energized after the cold start phase still for a defined time, in particular
  • a cooling water temperature T in ° C. is plotted on the abscissa, whereas on the ordinate a starting time t s of
  • Piston engine is shown, wherein the start time substantially corresponds to the beginning of the startup until reaching an idle.
  • the square measuring points correspond to a piston internal combustion engine with pre-injection, which, however, does not operate according to the combustion method according to the invention, whereas the round measuring points for a working with the combustion process according to the invention
  • Piston engine stand It can be clearly seen that, for example, at a cooling water temperature T of -30 ° C with the combustion process according to the invention a reduction of the starting time t s of 23.4 sec. To 6.9 sec. and thus to about 25% of the original starting time t s required in conventional reciprocating internal combustion engines can be achieved. For comparatively warmer cooling water with a Temperature T of about -23 ° C, the start time t s with the inventive
  • Burning process still from 7.2 to 3.1 sec. reduced and thus more than halved.
  • Start time scattering can be achieved, as well as a noise and pollutant emission of the reciprocating internal combustion engine during the cold start phase and during partial load operation, especially at idle.
  • the two injections taking place according to the invention at 25 ° and 5 ° CA can increase the pressure and the temperature in the combustion chamber and thereby significantly improve the conditions for the mixture formation of the main injection 4.
  • the improved mixture formation in turn reduces ignition delay and the injected fuel quantity can be better implemented.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combustion method for piston combustion engines, in particular for diesel combustion engines whose fuel injection system operates with pre-injection. It is essential to the invention here that during a cold start phase two pre-injections (2, 3) take place before a top dead centre of a piston is reached, specifically a first pre-injection (2) takes place at approximately 25° CA before the top dead centre and a second pre-injection (3) takes place at approximately 5° CA before the top dead centre, and in this context a crank angle interval α of approximately 20° CA is maintained between the two pre-injections (2, 3), and a crank angle interval β of approximately 5° CA is maintained between the second pre-injection (3) and a main injection (4), independently of the rotational speed. As a result, safe and reliable starting, in particular of diesel combustion engines, can be achieved even at very low temperatures.

Description

Brennverfahren für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen  Combustion process for reciprocating internal combustion engines
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Brennverfahren für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine, insbesondere für eine Dieselbrennkraftmaschine, deren Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit Voreinspritzung arbeitet, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine mit einem derartigen Brennverfahren arbeitende The present invention relates to a combustion method for a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular for a diesel internal combustion engine, whose fuel injection system operates with pre-injection, according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a working with such a combustion process
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine. Piston internal combustion engine.
Aus der DE 37 36 630 A1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Brennverfahren für From DE 37 36 630 A1 a generic combustion method for
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere für Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen bekannt, deren Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit Voreinspritzung arbeitet. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass insbesondere Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen mit relativ niedrigem Verdichtungsverhältnis und mit Kraftstoffen relativ niedriger Cetanzahl arbeiten müssen, weisen diese Piston internal combustion engines, in particular for diesel internal combustion engines known whose fuel injection system works with pre-injection. Due to the fact that in particular diesel internal combustion engines with relatively low compression ratio and with fuels of relatively low cetane number have to work, they have
Zündprobleme während einer Kaltstartphase auf, verbunden mit der Folge hoher Ignition problems during a cold start phase, combined with the consequence of higher
Geräusch- und Schadstoffemissionen. Durch die vorgeschlagene Kombination von Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit Voreinspritzung sowie einer Fremdzündung sollen im gesamten Betriebsbereich der Dieselbrennkraftmaschine sichere und exakt definierte Noise and pollutant emissions. The proposed combination of fuel injection with pilot injection and a spark ignition to safe and accurately defined throughout the operating range of the diesel engine
Zündverhältnisse geschaffen werden, die zu geringeren Geräusch- und Ignition conditions are created, resulting in lower noise and
Schadstoffemissionen führen. Pollutant emissions.
Aus der EP 0 534 491 A2 ist ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsteuersystem bekannt, welches insbesondere ein Starten von Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen erleichtern soll. Hierzu spritzt das Kraftstoffeinspritzsteuersystem einen Kraftstoffvorstrahl in eine Brennkammer synchron zu einem Signal ein, das eine Winkelposition der Kurbelwelle der From EP 0 534 491 A2 a fuel injection control system is known which is intended to facilitate, in particular, starting of diesel internal combustion engines. To do so, the fuel injection control system injects a pilot fuel spray into a combustion chamber in synchronism with a signal representative of an angular position of the crankshaft
Dieselbrennkraftmaschine anzeigt. Nachdem der Kraftstoffvorstrahl eingespritzt worden ist, spritzt das Kraftstoffeinspritzsteuersystem einen Kraftstoffhauptstrahl mit größerer Menge als derjenigen des eingespritzten Kraftstoffvorstrahls ein. Sogar dann, wenn die Drehzahl niedrig ist und insbesondere wie in der Kaltstartphase oft auftretend großen Veränderungen unterworfen ist, wird durch das Kraftstoffeinspritzsteuersystem der Kraftstoffvorstrahl verlässlich in die Brennkammer zu einem gewünschten Zeitpunkt eingespritzt. In der Kaltstartphase wird jedoch nicht nur der Kraftstoffvorstrahl vor dem Kraftstoffhauptstrahl eingespritzt, sondern zugleich auch gezündet, um einen leicht zündbaren, auslösenden Zustand in der Verbrennungskammer zu erzeugen. Der darauf folgend eingespritzte Kraftstoff hauptstrahl kann somit durch den Auslösezustand in der Verbrennungskammer leicht gezündet werden, wodurch die Dieselbrennkraftmaschine zuverlässig und sicher gestartet werden kann und insbesondere die Geräusch- und Schadstoffemissionen während der Kaltstartphase reduziert werden können. Diesel engine indicates. After the fuel pre-jet has been injected, the fuel injection control system injects a main fuel jet with a larger amount than that of the injected fuel pre-jet. Even if the engine speed is low and, in particular, is subject to great changes as in the cold-start phase, the fuel injection control system of the Fuel jet reliably injected into the combustion chamber at a desired time. In the cold start phase, however, not only the fuel pre-jet is injected in front of the main fuel jet, but also ignited at the same time to produce a readily ignitable, triggering state in the combustion chamber. The subsequently injected fuel main beam can thus be easily ignited by the triggering state in the combustion chamber, whereby the diesel engine can be started reliably and safely and in particular the noise and pollutant emissions during the cold start phase can be reduced.
Generell haben Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen den grundsätzlichen Nachteil von relativ hohen Zylinderspitzendrücken. Um diese zu vermeiden, wird das Verdichtungsverhältnis unter Umständen relativ niedrig gewählt, was jedoch wiederum den Nachteil hat, dass während der Kaltstartphase und bei Teillast aufgrund des dann besonders hohen Generally, diesel internal combustion engines have the fundamental disadvantage of relatively high cylinder tip pressures. To avoid this, the compression ratio is selected to be relatively low under certain circumstances, which in turn has the disadvantage that during the cold start phase and at partial load due to the then particularly high
Zündverzuges Schwierigkeiten auftreten können, die zum Einen zu einer Zündverzuges difficulties may arise, on the one hand to a
Geräuschentwicklung und zum Anderen zu einer hohen Schadstoffemission von unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen führen können. Ähnliche Probleme können aber auch im Normalbetrieb bei Verwendung von Kraftstoffen mit ungünstigen Noise and on the other hand can lead to a high pollutant emission of unburned hydrocarbons. Similar problems can also in normal operation when using fuels with unfavorable
Zündeigenschaften auftreten. Ein probates Mittel, den Zündverzug zu verkürzen ist dabei die Voreinspritzung einer gewissen Kraftstoffmenge vor der eigentlichen Ignition properties occur. A proven means of shortening the ignition delay is the pre-injection of a certain amount of fuel before the actual
Hauptkraftstoff menge sowie deren Vorverbrennung, wodurch das Druck- und Main fuel quantity and their pre-combustion, whereby the pressure and
Temperaturniveau im Zylinder deutlich gesteigert und dadurch bessere Zündbedingungen geschaffen werden können. Temperature level in the cylinder increased significantly and thus better ignition conditions can be created.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, für ein The present invention therefore deals with the problem for a
Brennverfahren und eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine der gattungsgemäßen Art eine verbesserte oder zumindest eine alternative Ausführungsform anzugeben, die sich insbesondere durch ein zuverlässige Starten auch bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen und minderwertigen Kraftstoff auszeichnet. Combustion method and a reciprocating internal combustion engine of the generic type to provide an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a reliable start even at low ambient temperatures and low-grade fuel.
Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, bei einem mit einer Kraftstoffvoreinspritzung arbeitenden Brennverfahren für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen während einer Kaltstartphase zwei Voreinspritzungen vor Erreichen eines oberen The present invention is based on the general idea that in a pre-injection combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines during a cold start phase, two pre-injections occur before reaching an upper one
Totpunkts eines Kolbens vorzunehmen und zwar eine erste Voreinspritzung bei ca. 25° Kurbelwinkel (KW) vor dem oberen Totpunkt und eine zweite Voreinspritzung bei ca. 5° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt. Im Unterschied zu bisher bekannten Brennverfahren wird nunmehr erfindungsgemäß ein definierter Kurbelwinkelabstand zwischen den einzelnen Voreinspritzungen festgelegt und nicht wie bisher ein fester zeitlicher Abstand. Die erste Voreinspritzung bei ca. 25° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt sowie die Zündung der beiden Voreinspritzungen steigern den in der Brennkammer herrschenden Druck und die dort herrschende Temperatur, was die Bedingungen für die Gemischbildung der Make a dead center of a piston and that a first pilot injection at about 25 ° Crank angle (KW) before top dead center and a second pilot injection at about 5 ° CA before top dead center. In contrast to previously known combustion method according to the invention now a defined crank angle distance between the individual pilot injections is determined and not a fixed time interval as before. The first pre-injection at about 25 ° CA before top dead center and the ignition of the two pilot injections increase the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber and the temperature prevailing there, which is the conditions for the mixture formation of the
Haupteinspritzung deutlich verbessert und zusätzlich einen verringerten Zündverzug bewirkt, wodurch die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge deutlich besser umgesetzt und genutzt werden kann. Dabei wird zwischen den einzelnen Voreinspritzungen ein Main injection significantly improved and additionally causes a reduced ignition delay, whereby the injected fuel quantity can be significantly better implemented and used. It is between the individual pilot injections
Kurbelwinkelabstand α von ca. 20° KW und zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung und einer Haupteinspritzung ein Kurbelwinkelabstand ß von ca. 5° KW drehzahlunabhängig eingehalten. Bei bisherigen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Brennverfahren hingegen werden üblicherweise feste zeitliche Abstände eingehalten, die jedoch im Hinblick auf eine Gemischbildung in einen Zündverzug Schwierigkeiten bereitet. Durch die fixierten Kurbelwinkelabstände α von ca. 20° KW und ß von ca. 5° KW zwischen den einzelnen Voreinspritzungen bzw. zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung und der Haupteinspritzung, erfolgen die Voreinspritzungen generell auch Drehzahl unabhängig, da die erste Voreinspritzung stets bei ca. 25° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt und die zweite Voreinspritzung bei ca. 5° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt erfolgt. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren können dabei insbesondere die Kaltstartphase reduziert und damit kürzere Startzeiten erreichen werden, ebenso wie eine Geräusch- und Schadstoffemission während der Kaltstartphase und im Teillastbetrieb, insbesondere während des Leerlaufs. Crank angle distance α of about 20 ° CA and between the second pilot injection and a main injection a crank angle ß distance of about 5 ° KW speed independent observed. By contrast, in conventional combustion processes known from the prior art, fixed time intervals are usually adhered to, which, however, causes difficulties with regard to mixture formation in an ignition delay. Due to the fixed crank angle spacings α of about 20 ° CA and β of about 5 ° CA between the individual pilot injections or between the second pilot injection and the main injection, the pilot injections generally also speed independent, since the first pilot injection always at about 25 ° KW before the top dead center and the second pilot injection takes place at about 5 ° CA before top dead center. With the combustion method according to the invention, in particular the cold start phase can be reduced and thus shorter start times can be achieved, as well as a noise and pollutant emission during the cold start phase and during partial load operation, in particular during idling.
Zweckmäßig werden zumindest während einer Kaltstartphase die Entflammbedingungen eines Gemisches in einer Brennkammer der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mittels einer Glühkerze verbessert. Glühkerzen werden in bekannter Weise als elektrische Suitably, at least during a cold start phase, the ignition conditions of a mixture in a combustion chamber of the piston internal combustion engine are improved by means of a glow plug. Glow plugs are in a known manner as electrical
Heizelemente in Brennkammern von Verbrennungsmotoren, üblicherweise Heating elements in combustion chambers of internal combustion engines, usually
Dieselmotoren, eingesetzt, wobei die Glühkerze nur kurzzeitig während des Starts der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine bestromt und dadurch erhitzt wird. Insbesondere bei Diesel engines, used, the glow plug is energized only briefly during the start of the reciprocating internal combustion engine and thereby heated. Especially at
Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen kann durch derartige Glühkerzen ein Zünden des sich in der Brennkammer befindlichen Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches erleichtert werden, indem die Entflammbedingungen der Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches zumindest an der beheizten Spitze der Glühkerze verbessert werden, was dazu beiträgt, ein zuverlässiges und sicheres Starten der Dieselbrennkraftmaschine zu erreichen. Insbesondere Dieselkraftstoff entzündet sich nämlich bei einem Kaltstart der Dieselbrennkraftmaschine nur schlecht, wofür hauptsächlich kalte Wände der Brennkammer und des Kolbens mit deren hoher spezifischer Wärmekapazität verantwortlich sind. Zudem ist beim Kaltstart die durch einen elektrischen Starter erzeugte Kolbengeschwindigkeit gering, wodurch auch die Kompressionswärme reduziert ist. Auch geht die Kompressionswärme vergleichsweise schnell an die noch kalten Zylinderwände bzw. an einen noch kalten Kolbenboden über. Darüber hinaus tragen unterschiedliche Kraftstoffqualitäten und insbesondere Diesel engines can be facilitated by such glow plugs igniting the combustion chamber located in the fuel-air mixture by the firing conditions of the fuel-air mixture are improved at least at the heated tip of the glow plug, which helps to reliably and safely start the To reach diesel engine. In particular, diesel fuel only ignites badly when the diesel engine is cold-started, for which mainly cold walls of the combustion chamber and the piston are responsible for their high specific heat capacity. In addition, during cold start, the piston speed generated by an electric starter is low, which also reduces the heat of compression. The heat of compression also comparatively quickly transfers to the still cold cylinder walls or to a still cold piston bottom. In addition, carry different fuel qualities and in particular
zündunwillige Kraftstoffe zusätzlich zu den genannten Schwierigkeiten beim Kaltstart der Dieselbrennkraftmaschine bei. Aus diesen Gründen ist bereits seit langem der Einsatz von elektrisch beheizbaren Glühkerzen in der Brennkammer bekannt, wobei die Ignored ignition fuels in addition to the difficulties mentioned in the cold start of the diesel engine. For these reasons, the use of electrically heated glow plugs in the combustion chamber has long been known, the
Glühkerze nach Ablauf der Kaltstartphase noch zumindest eine gewisse genau definierte Zeit bestromt und dadurch weiter beheizt wird, um die Schadstoffemissionen im Abgas weiter senken zu können. Die Zeitdauer, in welcher die Glühkerze bestromt wird und dadurch auch eine Fahrzeugbatterie in nicht unerheblichem Umfang belastet, kann bei modernen Glühkerzen auf wenige Sekunden beschränkt werden. Generell kommen zwei unterschiedliche Arten von Glühkerzen zum Einsatz, nämlich einerseits Metall-Glühkerzen und andererseits Keramik-Glühkerzen, die sich insbesondere in der Temperatur eines Glühschaftes, wie bei Metall-Glühkerzen 1.000° C und bei Keramik-Glühkerzen bis zu 1.300° C beträgt, unterscheiden. Glow plug at the end of the cold start phase is energized at least a certain well-defined time and thus further heated to lower the pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas can continue. The time period in which the glow plug is energized and thereby also a vehicle battery charged to a considerable extent, can be limited to a few seconds in modern glow plugs. In general, two different types of glow plugs are used, namely, on the one hand, metal glow plugs and, on the other hand, ceramic glow plugs which are in particular in the temperature of a glow shaft, such as metal glow plugs 1,000 ° C and ceramic glow plugs up to 1,300 ° C, differ.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht weiter auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, bei einer an sich bekannten Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine, insbesondere bei einer The present invention is further based on the general idea, in a known piston internal combustion engine, in particular in a
Dieselbrennkraftmaschine, ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einzusetzen, welches während einer Kaltstartphase eine erste Voreinspritzung bei ca. 25° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens und eine zweite Voreinspritzung bei ca. 5° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt bewirkt und dabei zwischen den einzelnen Voreinspritzungen ein Kurbelwinkelabstand α von ca. 20° KW und zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung und der Haupteinspritzung einen Kurbelwinkelabstand ß von ca. 5° KW drehzahlunabhängig einhält. Das Diesel internal combustion engine to use a fuel injection system, which causes during a cold start phase, a first pilot injection at about 25 ° CA before the top dead center of the piston and a second pilot injection at about 5 ° CA before top dead center and thereby between the pilot injections a crank angle distance α of about 20 ° CA and between the second pilot injection and the main injection a crank angle ß of about 5 ° KW complies with speed independent. The
erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem arbeitet dabei nach dem im allgemeinen Gedanken formulierten und erläuterten Brennverfahren für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen und erzielt dadurch die durch das erfindungsgemäße Brennverfahren erreichbaren Vorteile, die insbesondere kürzerer Startzeiten bei tiefen Temperaturen, sichere Starts der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen bis zu -30°C, eine Fuel injection system according to the invention operates according to the generally formulated and explained combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines and thereby achieves the achievable by the combustion process according to the invention, the particular shorter start times at low temperatures, safe starts of the reciprocating internal combustion engine at very low temperatures up to -30 ° C, a
Reduzierung von Startzeitenstreuungen sowie eine Geräuschminderung im Leerlauf bei kalter Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine. Vor allem die Fähigkeit die Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine bei tiefen Außentemperaturen von weniger als -15° C sicher starten zu können, bietet gegenüber bisher bekannten Brennverfahren und gegenüber bisher bekannten Reduction of starting time variations and noise reduction during idling with a cold piston internal combustion engine. Above all, the ability to safely start the piston internal combustion engine at low outside temperatures of less than -15 ° C offers over previously known combustion and compared to previously known
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen einen wesentlichen Vorteil. Aufgrund der stetig steigenden Umweltschutzauflagen und Emissionsvorschriften wirkt sich selbstverständlich auch eine Reduzierung der Schadstoffemissionen, insbesondere während der Kaltstartphase, positiv aus. Piston internal combustion engines a significant advantage. Due to the ever increasing Of course, environmental regulations and emission regulations also have a positive effect on reducing pollutant emissions, especially during the cold start phase.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.  Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen. Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.
Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch, Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1 ein Diagramm zur Darstellung eines Drucks P in einer Brennkammer einer 1 is a diagram illustrating a pressure P in a combustion chamber of a
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine in Abhängigkeit eines Kurbelwinkels KW bei Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahrens und zum Vergleich bei Durchführung eines herkömmlichen Brennverfahrens,  Piston internal combustion engine as a function of a crank angle KW when carrying out a combustion method according to the invention and for comparison when carrying out a conventional combustion method,
Fig. 2 ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung einer Startzeit ts in Abhängigkeit einer Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a start time t s in response to a
Kühlwasser-Temperatur bei herkömmlichen Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen und bei mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren betriebenen  Cooling water temperature in conventional reciprocating internal combustion engines and operated with the combustion process according to the invention
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen.  Piston internal combustion engines.
Entsprechend der Fig. 1 kann man an einer Kurve 1 den Verlauf eines According to the Fig. 1, one can on a curve 1 the course of a
erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahrens für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere für Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen, ablesen, deren Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit zwei combustion method according to the invention for reciprocating internal combustion engines, in particular for diesel internal combustion engines, read the fuel injection system with two
Voreinspritzungen arbeitet. Klar ersichtlich ist dabei, dass eine erste Voreinspritzung 2 bei ca. 25° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt eines Kolbens erfolgt, wogegen eine zweite Pre-injections works. It can clearly be seen that a first pre-injection 2 takes place at about 25 ° CA before the top dead center of a piston, whereas a second pre-injection 2 takes place
Voreinspritzung 3 bei ca. 5° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt erfolgt. Der obere Totpunkt liegt bei 0° KW. Am oberen Totpunkt erfolgt dann eine Haupteinspritzung 4. Zwischen den beiden Voreinspritzungen 2, 3 wird dabei nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Pre-injection 3 takes place at about 5 ° CA before top dead center. The top dead center is at 0 ° CA. At the top dead center then takes place a main injection 4. Between the two pilot injections 2, 3 is thereby according to the invention
Brennverfahren ein Kurbelwinkelabstand α von ca. 20° KW eingehalten, wogegen zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung 3 und der Haupteinspritzung 4 ein Kurbelwinkelabstand ß von ca. 5° KW eingehalten wird. Der Kurbelwinkelabstand von ca. 20° C zwischen den beiden Voreinspritzungen 2, 3 und/oder der Combustion method a crank angle distance α of about 20 ° KW met, whereas between the second pilot injection 3 and the main injection 4 a crank angle ß distance of about 5 ° KW is maintained. The crank angle distance of about 20 ° C between the two pilot injections 2, 3 and / or the
Kurbelwinkelabstand ß von ca. 5° zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung 3 und der Haupteinspritzung 4 wird dabei drehzahlunabhängig eingehalten. Eine Kurve 5 zeigt im Vergleich zur Kurve 1 ein herkömmliches Brennverfahren, bei welchem sich die Crank angle ß distance of about 5 ° between the second pilot injection 3 and the main injection 4 is maintained regardless of speed. A curve 5 shows in comparison to the curve 1, a conventional combustion method in which the
Kurbelwinkelabstände zwischen den einzelnen Voreinspritzungen 2' und 3' sowie zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung 3' und der Haupteinspritzung 4' in Abhängigkeit der jeweils vorhandenen Drehzahl der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine ändern. Entsprechend den Kurven 1 ' und 5' ist dabei ein Druckverlauf in Abhängigkeit des jeweiligen Kurbelwinkels dargestellt, wobei hier die Kurve 1 ' dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren entspricht, wogegen die Kurve 5' einem Verlauf ohne Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Crank angle distances between the individual pilot injections 2 'and 3' and between the second pilot injection 3 'and the main injection 4' change depending on the respective speed of the piston internal combustion engine. Corresponding to the curves 1 'and 5' is shown a pressure curve as a function of the respective crank angle, in which case the curve 1 'corresponds to the combustion method according to the invention, whereas the curve 5' a course without using the inventive
Brennverfahrens entspricht. Klar erkennbar ist hierbei, dass zumindest der Druck in der Brennkammer bei Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahrens, das heißt bei der Kurve 1 ' deutlich gegenüber den Kurven 5' gesteigert werden kann, wodurch die Zündfähigkeit des Gemisches und damit auch die Zündung in der Brennkammer an sich bei gleicher eingespritzter Kraftstoffmenge verbessert werden können. Combustion corresponds. Clearly recognizable in this case is that at least the pressure in the combustion chamber when using the combustion process according to the invention, ie in the curve 1 'can be significantly increased over the curves 5', whereby the ignitability of the mixture and thus the ignition in the combustion chamber itself can be improved with the same amount of injected fuel.
Zumindest während einer Kaltstartphase der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine werden die Entflammbedingungen eines Gemisches in einer Brennkammer mittels einer Glühkerze verbessert, die beispielsweise ca. 2 Sek. vorglüht. Die Glühkerze wird dabei nach der Kaltstartphase noch für eine definierte Zeit bestromt, um insbesondere At least during a cold start phase of the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the ignition conditions of a mixture in a combustion chamber are improved by means of a glow plug, which preheats, for example, for about 2 seconds. The glow plug is energized after the cold start phase still for a defined time, in particular
Schadstoffemissionen weiter senken zu können. To further reduce pollutant emissions.
Bei dem Diagramm gemäß der Fig. 2 ist auf der Abszisse eine Kühlwasser-Temperatur T in °C aufgetragen, wogegen auf der Ordinate eine Startzeit ts der In the diagram according to FIG. 2, a cooling water temperature T in ° C. is plotted on the abscissa, whereas on the ordinate a starting time t s of
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine abgebildet ist, wobei die Startzeit im Wesentlichen den Beginn des Startvorgangs bis zum erreichen eines Leerlaufs entspricht. Die quadratischen Messpunkte entsprechen dabei einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Voreinspritzung, die jedoch nicht nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren arbeitet, wogegen die runden Messpunkte für eine mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren arbeitende Piston engine is shown, wherein the start time substantially corresponds to the beginning of the startup until reaching an idle. The square measuring points correspond to a piston internal combustion engine with pre-injection, which, however, does not operate according to the combustion method according to the invention, whereas the round measuring points for a working with the combustion process according to the invention
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine stehen. Klar ersichtlich ist dabei, dass beispielsweise bei einer Kühlwasser-Temperatur T von -30°C mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren eine Reduzierung der Startzeit ts von 23,4 Sek. auf 6,9 sek. und damit auf ca. 25% der ursprünglich bei herkömmlichen Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen erforderlichen Startzeit ts erreicht werden kann. Bei dazu vergleichsweise wärmerem Kühlwasser mit einer Temperatur T von ca. -23°C kann die Startzeit ts mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Piston engine stand. It can be clearly seen that, for example, at a cooling water temperature T of -30 ° C with the combustion process according to the invention a reduction of the starting time t s of 23.4 sec. To 6.9 sec. and thus to about 25% of the original starting time t s required in conventional reciprocating internal combustion engines can be achieved. For comparatively warmer cooling water with a Temperature T of about -23 ° C, the start time t s with the inventive
Brennverfahren noch von 7,2 auf 3,1 sek. reduziert und damit mehr als halbiert werden. Burning process still from 7.2 to 3.1 sec. reduced and thus more than halved.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennverfahren und einer mit diesem Brennverfahren arbeitenden erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine können somit deutlich kürzerer Startzeiten ts auch bei tiefen Temperaturen T erreicht werden, wobei Thus, with the combustion method according to the invention and a piston internal combustion engine according to the invention operating with this combustion method, significantly shorter starting times t s can be achieved even at low temperatures T
insbesondere auch bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen T von beispielsweise -30°C zuverlässige und sichere Starts der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine gewährleistet werden können, was bisher nur vereinzelt gelang. Zu dem kann auch eine Reduzierung der In particular, even at very low temperatures T of, for example, -30 ° C reliable and safe starts of the reciprocating internal combustion engine can be guaranteed, which has so far only been isolated. To the also a reduction of the
Startzeitenstreuung erreicht werden, ebenso wie eine Geräusch- und Schadstoffemission der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine während der Kaltstartphase und im Teillastbetrieb, insbesondere im Leerlauf. Die beiden erfindungsgemäß bei 25° und 5° KW erfolgenden Einspritzungen können der Druck und die Temperatur in der Brennkammer gesteigert und dadurch die Bedingungen für die Gemischbildung der Haupteinspritzung 4 deutlich verbessert werden. Durch die verbesserte Gemischbildung wiederum verringert sich ein Zündverzug und die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge kann besser umgesetzt werden. Start time scattering can be achieved, as well as a noise and pollutant emission of the reciprocating internal combustion engine during the cold start phase and during partial load operation, especially at idle. The two injections taking place according to the invention at 25 ° and 5 ° CA can increase the pressure and the temperature in the combustion chamber and thereby significantly improve the conditions for the mixture formation of the main injection 4. The improved mixture formation in turn reduces ignition delay and the injected fuel quantity can be better implemented.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Brennverfahren für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere für 1. combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines, in particular for
Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen, deren Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit Voreinspritzung arbeitet,  Diesel engines whose fuel injection system operates with pilot injection,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
während einer Kaltstartphase zwei Voreinspritzungen (2,3) vor Erreichen eines oberen Totpunkts eines Kolbens erfolgen, nämlich eine erste Voreinspritzung (2) bei ca. 25° KW (Kurbelwinkel) vor dem oberen Totpunkt und eine zweite  during a cold start phase, two pre-injections (2, 3) occur before a top dead center of a piston is reached, namely a first pre-injection (2) at about 25 ° CA (crank angle) before top dead center and a second one
Voreinspritzung (3) bei ca. 5° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt erfolgt und dabei zwischen den beiden Voreinspritzungen (2,3) ein Kurbelwinkelabstand α von ca. 20 °KW und zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung (3) und einer Haupteinspritzung (4) ein Kurbelwinkelabstand ß von ca. 5° KW drehzahlunabhängig eingehalten wird.  Pre-injection (3) takes place at about 5 ° CA before top dead center and between the two pilot injections (2,3) a crank angle α α of about 20 ° and between the second pilot injection (3) and a main injection (4) Kurbelwinkelabstand ß of about 5 ° KW speed independent is maintained.
2. Brennverfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. combustion method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
zumindest während einer Kaltstartphase ein Gemisch in einer Brennkammer der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mittels einer Glühkerze die Entflammbedingungen verbessert werden.  at least during a cold start phase, a mixture in a combustion chamber of the reciprocating internal combustion engine by means of a glow plug, the ignition conditions are improved.
3. Brennverfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3. combustion method according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Glühkerze nach der Kaltstartphase noch für eine definierte Zeit bestromt wird, um eine Schadstoffemission zu senken.  the glow plug after the cold start phase is still energized for a defined time to reduce emissions of pollutants.
4. Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eine Dieselbrennkraftmaschine, deren Kraftstoffe! nspritzsystem mit Voreinspritzung arbeitet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 4. piston internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine whose fuels! injection system works with pilot injection, characterized in that
das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem derart ausgebildet ist, dass es während einer Kaltstartphase eine erste Voreinspritzung (2) bei ca. 25° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt und eine zweite Voreinspritzung (3) bei ca. 5° KW vor dem oberen Totpunkt veranlasst und dabei das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem zwischen den beiden Voreinspritzungen (2,3) ein Kurbelwinkelabstand α von ca. 20 °KW und zwischen der zweiten Voreinspritzung (3) und einer Haupteinspritzung (4) ein  the fuel injection system is designed such that it causes during a cold start phase, a first pilot injection (2) at about 25 ° CA before top dead center and a second pilot injection (3) at about 5 ° CA before top dead center and thereby the fuel injection system between the two pilot injections (2,3) a crank angle α distance of about 20 ° and between the second pilot injection (3) and a main injection (4)
Kurbelwinkelabstand ß von ca. 5° KW drehzahlunabhängig einhält.  Crank angle ß of approximately 5 ° KW complies with speed independent.
5. Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 4, 5. piston internal combustion engine according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
je Brennkammer zumindest eine Glühkerze vorgesehen ist, die die  each combustion chamber is provided at least one glow plug, which the
Entflammbedingungen eines Gemisches in der Brennkammer der  Flaming conditions of a mixture in the combustion chamber of
Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine zumindest während einer Kaltstartphase verbessert.  Piston engine improved at least during a cold start phase.
6. Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere ein Personenkraftwagen oder ein Nutzfahrzeug, mit einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5. 6. Motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car or a commercial vehicle, with a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to one of claims 4 or 5.
EP12733420.9A 2011-07-22 2012-06-29 Combustion method for piston combustion engines Pending EP2734720A1 (en)

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JP2014521011A (en) 2014-08-25
CN103703235B (en) 2016-08-31
US20140216406A1 (en) 2014-08-07
JP6140154B2 (en) 2017-05-31
CN103703235A (en) 2014-04-02

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