CN113898487B - Cold start method of high-power Miller cycle diesel engine - Google Patents
Cold start method of high-power Miller cycle diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113898487B CN113898487B CN202111234171.7A CN202111234171A CN113898487B CN 113898487 B CN113898487 B CN 113898487B CN 202111234171 A CN202111234171 A CN 202111234171A CN 113898487 B CN113898487 B CN 113898487B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
- F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
A cold start method for a high power miller cycle diesel engine, comprising: the fuel secondary injection is carried out in a single piston cycle, and comprises a first pre-injection fuel and a second main injection fuel, wherein the pre-injection fuel supply advance angle of the first pre-injection fuel is equal to the sum of the main injection fuel supply advance angle and the fuel supply interval angle of the second main injection fuel. The cold starting method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine shortens the cold starting time of the locomotive diesel engine adopting the Miller cycle technology, ensures the success rate of cold starting, and achieves the most times of starting under the capacity of the existing starting air cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of diesel engines, in particular to a cold start method of a high-power Miller cycle diesel engine.
Background
When the diesel locomotive is applied, the diesel locomotive is required to be quickly started, the time is short, and the starting is easy, so that the locomotive can reach the working state as soon as possible. However, the phenomenon of overlong starting time or failure of starting sometimes occurs in the starting process of the diesel engine, especially in the environment with lower air temperature, the phenomenon of extremely large defects exists although the overlong starting time or failure of starting sometimes still belongs to the normal use condition of the diesel engine due to the influence of factors such as environment and the like. Domestic locomotive diesel engines are generally started by adopting an air motor, and compressed air is needed. The space of the locomotive is limited, and the volume and arrangement of the air storage tank for storing the compressed air are also greatly limited. Therefore, the time required for each start of the diesel engine is required to be as short as possible, the required air quantity is required to be as small as possible, and meanwhile, if the start time of the diesel engine is too long or the start failure causes a certain damage to the diesel engine, especially the diesel engine is started in a low-temperature environment (at the moment, the temperature of air inlet, fuel oil, engine oil, water and the like of the diesel engine is between 0 and 20 ℃), the diesel engine is abbreviated as cold start.
Internationally, with the main stream development direction of green environmental protection, the emission of diesel engines is also becoming a focus of attention. The miller cycle technology is increasingly being employed as one of the effective measures to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines. The miller cycle is mainly characterized in that an air inlet valve is closed before a bottom dead center in the air inlet process, so that the air inlet is subjected to an expansion cooling process before the bottom dead center, the in-cylinder combustion temperature is reduced, and the NOx emission is reduced. However, the advanced closing of its intake valve results in a decrease in the intake air amount. Generally, for diesel engines using miller cycle technology, a high supercharging system is used to ensure a sufficient intake air amount, so as to effectively reduce NOx emissions while ensuring unchanged power and economy.
At present, the fuel secondary injection technology is applied to the normal operation process of the diesel engine, and is helpful for reducing emission. However, the fuel secondary injection technology has little application research on the starting process of a high-power diesel engine, and has little application on the high-power diesel engine adopting the Miller cycle. The technique has strong dependence on the relevant injection parameter settings, and if the relevant injection parameter settings are not suitable, the starting is difficult or even failed.
The existing cold start technology for locomotive diesel engines is realized by continuously increasing the circulating oil supply, and is suitable for diesel engines which do not adopt the miller circulating technology, because the existing cold start technology has enough air inflow to meet the requirement of fuel combustion. However, for the diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology, due to the limitation of the air inflow, the smooth starting of the diesel engine, even the failure of starting, can not be realized as the excessive circulating oil supply, and the fuel consumption can be increased, so that the emission pollution is serious. The cold start time caused by difficult start process is long, and the defects of large consumption of start air quantity, serious abrasion of diesel engine moving parts due to low oil-water temperature and more consumption of fuel oil exist.
However, for the start-up process of the diesel engine, the intake air amount due to the miller cycle is reduced because the high boost system is not active, further exacerbating the difficulty of "cold start up". Therefore, how to shorten the time of the "cold start" and to improve the efficiency of the "cold start" is an urgent problem to be solved for the diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cold starting method of a high-power Miller cycle diesel engine, which shortens the cold starting time of the locomotive diesel engine adopting the Miller cycle technology, ensures the success rate of cold starting and achieves the maximum starting times under the capacity of the existing starting air cylinder.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cold start method for a high power miller cycle diesel engine, comprising: performing a fuel secondary injection within a single cycle of the piston, the fuel secondary injection including a first pre-injection fuel and a second main injection fuel, the pre-injection fueling advance angle of the first pre-injection fuel being equal to a sum of the main injection fueling advance angle and the fueling interval angle of the second main injection fuel, and satisfying the following relationship:
0°<θ 1 <6°，14°<Δθ<17°
P＝(450+5×T)×B
dP≥200
wherein: θ 1 -main injection oil supply advance angle; delta theta-oil supply interval angle; alpha-inlet valve closing advance angle; d, diesel engine cylinder diameter (mm); s-diesel piston stroke (mm); CR-diesel engine piston compression ratio; t-diesel engine air inlet temperature; a, controlling the coefficient of the total injected fuel quantity measuring range; q (Q) 1 -a first pre-injection quantity of fuel (mg/str); q (Q) 2 -the amount of fuel (mg/str) of the secondary main injection; p-fuel injection pressure (bar); b is a control coefficient of the fuel injection pressure value range; dP-the rate of rise of fuel injection pressure (bar/s).
Further, the first pre-injection of fuel allows the fuel to be thoroughly mixed with air in the cylinder for ignition and preheating.
Further, the secondary main injection fuel enables the fuel to burn for doing work.
Further, the control coefficient value range of the total injected fuel quantity value range is 0.975-1.025.
Further, the control coefficient of the total injection fuel quantity measuring range takes a value of 1.
Further, the control coefficient of the fuel injection pressure value range is 0.95-1.40.
Further, the fuel injection pressure takes on the value 1 of the control coefficient of the value range.
Further, the main injection oil supply advance angle takes a value of 3 °.
Further, the oil supply interval angle takes a value of 17 °.
The invention further provides a high-power Miller cycle diesel engine, and the cold starting method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine is adopted.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the cold starting method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine shortens the cold starting time, improves the starting success rate, reduces the using amount of the air cylinder and improves the economic benefit and the social benefit of the diesel engine. The cold start time of the locomotive diesel engine adopting the Miller cycle technology is shortened, the success rate of cold start is ensured, and the number of start times is as much as possible under the capacity of the existing start air cylinder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a cold start method of a high power Miller cycle diesel engine of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a graph of diesel engine speed versus time for an example of a cold start method of a high power miller cycle diesel engine of the invention and a comparative example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For a motor diesel engine, the existing cold start technology is as follows: the electronic control fuel injection system is adopted, and the injection pressure and the oil supply advance angle of single injection are adjusted. An increase in injection pressure and an increase in the advance of the fuel supply (early injection) increases the atomization of the fuel, but the atomization of the fuel requires heat absorption, which, for cold starts, lowers the compression end temperature, which is detrimental to the combustion of the fuel. Therefore, during cold start, a lower injection pressure and a smaller advance angle of the oil supply should be selected. The existing cold start technical scheme aiming at the diesel engine adopting the Miller circulation technology comprises the following steps of: when the oil-water temperature of the diesel engine is 10 ℃ and the air inlet temperature is more than or equal to 0 ℃, the diesel engine adopts single injection, the fuel injection pressure P=600bar, and the oil supply advance angle theta=9 degrees. It is extremely difficult to start, and it takes about 5 seconds (or longer) for the diesel engine to fire after the start button is pressed. After ignition, in the process of rising the rotating speed (n) to idle rotation, sometimes the rotating speed fluctuates for a period of time (the fluctuation time is longer than 60s at maximum) at a certain rotating speed, and then the rotating speed continues to rise, even the idle rotation speed cannot be reached, so that the starting failure is caused. Meanwhile, a false combustion phenomenon can occur in some cylinders, namely, the oil-gas mixture in the cylinders is burnt, but the oil-gas mixture is insufficient, and the starting state of the cylinders cannot be reached, so that a large amount of black smoke is discharged from the cylinders. The disadvantages of the prior art are: the consumption of starting air quantity is large, and the abrasion of moving parts of the diesel engine is serious due to low oil-water temperature; the fuel consumption is high; the phenomenon of false combustion exists, and exhaust pollution is serious; the economic and social benefits of the diesel engine are seriously affected, especially under the working condition that the diesel engine is required to be started quickly.
The cold start method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine provided by the invention, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps: performing a fuel secondary injection in a single cycle of the piston, the fuel secondary injection including a first pre-injection fuel and a second main injection fuel, the pre-injection of the first pre-injection fuel being advanced by an angle θ 2 Main injection fueling advance angle theta equal to second main injection fuel 1 And the oil supply interval angle Δθ, and satisfies the following relation:
0°<θ 1 <6°，14°<Δθ<17°
P＝(450+5×T)×B
dP≥200
wherein: θ 1 -main injection oil supply advance angle; delta theta-oil supply interval angle; alpha-intake valve closing advance angle (relative to piston running to bottom dead center); d, diesel engine cylinder diameter (mm); s-diesel piston stroke (mm); CR-diesel engine piston compression ratio; t-diesel engine air inlet temperature; a, controlling the coefficient of the total injected fuel quantity measuring range; q (Q) 1 -a first pre-injection quantity of fuel (mg/str); q (Q) 2 -the amount of fuel (mg/str) of the secondary main injection; p-fuel injection pressure (bar); b is a control coefficient of the fuel injection pressure value range; dP-the rate of rise of fuel injection pressure (bar/s).
Cold start high power miller cycle diesel engine.
The intake valve closing advance angle α, the diesel cylinder diameter D, the diesel piston stroke S, and the diesel piston compression ratio CR are fixed values related to the diesel engine. The control coefficient A of the total injected fuel quantity range is 0.975-1.025, and the value is preferably 1. The control coefficient B of the fuel injection pressure value range is 0.95-1.40, and preferably 1. Advance angle theta of main injection oil supply 1 Preferably 3 deg., and the oil supply interval angle delta theta preferably 17 deg.. The inlet air temperature T of the diesel engine needs to be actually monitored, and the inlet air temperature T of the diesel engine is preferably greater than or equal to 0 ℃; first pre-injection fuel quantity Q 1 Fuel quantity Q of secondary main injection 2 The fuel injection pressure P is obtained by calculating according to the air inlet temperature T of the diesel engine, and belongs to the set value of the diesel engine.
In the beginning of the start-up of the diesel engine, the injection pressure of the fuel needs to have a process of establishing the fuel pressure (fuel pressure rise). The greater the fuel injection pressure rise rate dP, the shorter the time to build up the fuel pressure, the faster the fuel injection pressure P is reached for the cold start demand, otherwise the cold start time will be affected. Depending on the start-up characteristics of the diesel engine (i.e., the start of the rise in the rotational speed of the diesel engine, and the time interval between the start of the injection of fuel), the fuel injection pressure P may reach (or approach) the set target fuel injection pressure in order to ensure the first fuel injection, and therefore the above-described demand formula for the fuel injection pressure rise rate dP is provided.
According to the cold starting method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine, according to a large amount of experimental data, a piston single cycle internal combustion fuel secondary injection method is adopted, various parameters related to cold starting are fitted continuously, parameters such as an oil supply advance angle, fuel injection pressure, injected fuel quantity and the like are fitted mutually to achieve an optimal starting state, and therefore the oil supply advance angle, the fuel injection pressure and the injected fuel quantity meet the requirements of cold starting. The method for secondary injection of single-cycle internal combustion fuel is characterized by that in the single cycle of piston, the first pre-injection fuel oil can make fuel oil and air in cylinder be fully mixed to make ignition and preheating, then the second main injection fuel oil can make fuel oil burn and do work. Oil supply advance angle of diesel engine (main injection oil supply advance angle theta) 1 Advance angle θ of pilot injection oil supply 2 ) The oil supply interval angle delta theta refers to the difference between the crank angle at the time of the first pre-injection of fuel and the crank angle at the time of the second main injection of fuel. Wherein the total injected fuel amount Q is the first pre-injected fuel amount Q of the first pre-injected fuel 1 And a second main injection fuel amount Q of the second main injection fuel 2 And (3) summing. Pre-injection fuel supply advance angle theta of first pre-injection fuel 2 Main injection fueling advance angle theta equal to second main injection fuel 1 And the sum of the oil supply interval angles delta theta, thereby achieving the purpose of completely starting the cylinder.
According to the parameters, various settings under the cold start state of the diesel engine are determined, so that the good effects of short cold start time and high start success rate of the diesel engine can be achieved.
The cold start method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine, which is implemented on the high-power diesel engine adopting the Miller cycle technology, comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of implementing secondary injection of fuel in a single piston cycle, continuously fitting all parameters related to cold start of a high-power diesel engine by adopting a Miller cycle technology, carrying out cold start after fitting and revising all parameters of the cold start of the high-power diesel engine by adopting the Miller cycle technology, and determining all parameters of the cold start according to the following relation:
0°<θ 1 <6°，14°<Δθ<17°
P＝(450+5×T)×B
dP≥200
wherein: θ 1 -main injection oil supply advance angle; delta theta-oil supply interval angle; alpha-intake valve closing advance angle (relative to piston running to bottom dead center); d, diesel engine cylinder diameter (mm); s-diesel piston stroke (mm); CR-diesel engine piston compression ratio; t-diesel engine air inlet temperature; a, controlling the coefficient of the total injected fuel quantity measuring range; q (Q) 1 -a first pre-injection quantity of fuel (mg/str); q (Q) 2 -the amount of fuel (mg/str) of the secondary main injection; p-fuel injection pressure (bar); b is a control coefficient of the fuel injection pressure value range; dP-the rate of rise of fuel injection pressure (bar/s). Control coefficient A of total injection fuel quantity range takes on value 1, control coefficient B of fuel injection pressure range takes on value 1, main injection fuel supply advance angle theta 1 The value of the oil supply interval angle delta theta is 3 degrees, the value of the oil supply interval angle delta theta is 17 degrees, and the air inlet temperature T of the diesel engine is more than or equal to 0 degree.
Cold starting a high power diesel engine using miller cycle technology.
In example 1 and example 2 of the cold start method of the high-power miller cycle diesel engine of the present invention implemented by the high-power diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology, the oil-water temperature of the high-power diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology was detected to be about 10 ℃, and the high-power diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology was in a "cold start" low-temperature environment, and other detected temperatures and set parameters are shown in table 1. In the comparative example in which the high power diesel engine employing the miller cycle technique did not employ the cold start method of the high power miller cycle diesel engine of the present invention, the intake air temperature was 4 ℃.
Table 1 detected temperature and set parameters
The cold start of the high power diesel engine using the miller cycle technique was smooth, and the rotational speed versus time curves of the high power diesel engines using the miller cycle technique in examples 1, 2 and comparative examples are shown in fig. 2. Also shown in fig. 2 is a reservoir pressure versus time curve, wherein example 1, example 2, and comparative example all use the same reservoir pressure curve. The reservoir pressure curve is an intrinsic characteristic curve of the wind motor starting system used in the examples and the comparative examples, which is installed on the high-power diesel engine using the miller cycle technology in the examples and the comparative examples.
As can be seen from fig. 2, after the cold start method of the high-power miller cycle diesel engine is adopted in the high-power diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology, the start time is shortened from 3.7s to 2.3s. Correspondingly, the cylinder pressure drop required for start-up is also reduced from 2.83bar to 1.9bar, i.e. the amount of compressed air consumed by the wind motor at cold start-up is greatly reduced. By finding the second rising point of the rotational speed of the high-power diesel engine (ignition point of diesel engine injection) by adopting the Miller cycle technology, the corresponding time point (x-axis) and the cylinder pressure value (cylinder pressure curve) are found by the arrows 1 and 2 in fig. 2, the time corresponding to the second rising point of the rotational speed is the starting time, and the difference between the initial value of the cylinder pressure (the value when the x-axis is 0) and the cylinder pressure value corresponding to the second rising point of the rotational speed is the cylinder pressure drop. In addition, in the cold start process, after the cold start method of the high-power miller cycle diesel engine is adopted, the time from the high-power diesel engine adopting the miller cycle technology to idle rotation is greatly reduced from 16s to about 9s, and no fluctuation of a certain rotating speed is generated in the process for a certain time. The idling speed of a high-power diesel engine using the miller cycle technique was 600rpm,16s corresponding to the time for the comparative example to rise from 0rpm to 600rpm, and 9s corresponding to the time for the examples (including example 1 and example 2) to rise from 0rpm to 600 rpm.
The cold starting method of the high-power Miller cycle diesel engine shortens the cold starting time, improves the starting success rate, reduces the using amount of the air cylinder and improves the economic benefit and the social benefit of the diesel engine. The cold start time of the locomotive diesel engine adopting the Miller cycle technology is shortened, the success rate of cold start is ensured, and the number of start times is as much as possible under the capacity of the existing start air cylinder.
The invention also provides a high-power miller cycle diesel engine which can adopt the cold start method of the high-power miller cycle diesel engine.
The foregoing examples merely illustrate embodiments of the invention and are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cold start method for a high power miller cycle diesel engine, comprising: performing a fuel secondary injection within a single cycle of the piston, the fuel secondary injection including a first pre-injection fuel and a second main injection fuel, the pre-injection fueling advance angle of the first pre-injection fuel being equal to a sum of the main injection fueling advance angle and the fueling interval angle of the second main injection fuel, and satisfying the following relationship:
0°<θ 1 <6°，14°<Δθ<17°
P＝(450+5×T)×B
dP≥200
wherein: θ 1 -main injection oil supply advance angle; delta theta-oil supply interval angle; alpha-inlet valve closing advance angle; d, diesel engine cylinder diameter (mm); s-diesel piston stroke (mm); CR-diesel engine piston compression ratio; t-diesel engine air inlet temperature; a, controlling the coefficient of the total injected fuel quantity measuring range; q (Q) 1 -a first pre-injection quantity of fuel (mg/str); q (Q) 2 -the amount of fuel (mg/str) of the secondary main injection; p-fuel injection pressure (bar); b is a control coefficient of the fuel injection pressure value range; dP-the rate of rise of fuel injection pressure (bar/s).
2. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine of claim 1, wherein the first pre-injection of fuel provides for adequate mixing of fuel with air in the cylinder for pilot preheating.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said second main injection of fuel causes said fuel to burn for work.
4. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine according to claim 3, wherein the total injected fuel quantity range control factor range is 0.975-1.025.
5. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine according to claim 4, wherein the total injected fuel quantity range control factor takes a value of 1.
6. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine of claim 4, wherein the fuel injection pressure range control factor range is from 0.95 to 1.40.
7. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine of claim 6, wherein the fuel injection pressure range control factor has a value of 1.
8. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine according to claim 7, wherein the main injection oil supply advance angle takes a value of 3 °.
9. The method for cold starting a high power miller cycle diesel engine according to claim 6, wherein the oil supply interval angle takes a value of 17 °.
10. A high power miller cycle diesel engine characterized in that a cold start method of the high power miller cycle diesel engine according to any of claims 1-9 is adopted.
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