EP2728042B1 - Method for separation of natural fibres - Google Patents
Method for separation of natural fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2728042B1 EP2728042B1 EP12007502.3A EP12007502A EP2728042B1 EP 2728042 B1 EP2728042 B1 EP 2728042B1 EP 12007502 A EP12007502 A EP 12007502A EP 2728042 B1 EP2728042 B1 EP 2728042B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- steam
- electrical field
- fibre bundles
- effectiveness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000274883 Urtica dioica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009108 Urtica dioica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
- D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the recovery of high quality natural fibers.
- Natural fibers have the advantage over synthetic fibers that they can be obtained from renewable raw materials. Moreover, for the most part, natural fibers still have properties superior to synthetic fibers. In addition to water absorption capacity and skin compatibility in the clothing industry, this includes the uncomplicated disposal of natural fiber products. Natural fibers are grown in Europe and North America largely from the cultivation of stem fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, ramie, nettle, kenaf u. a. won. Depending on the climatic conditions, natural fibers of cotton or coconut (so-called fruit fibers) or sisal and fiber bananas are obtained in other parts of the world. With the exception of cotton, the natural fiber i. d. R.
- the separation of the fibers from the natural fiber bundle first requires the process of natural roasting, ie the rotting in the field or in the water. This is complex and, in addition, highly dependent on the result from the weather.
- the natural glue pectin
- pectin the natural glue that holds the fibers together is degraded by enzymes produced by bacteria or fungi.
- WO-A-96135831 shows a known method.
- the invention shows a fast and inexpensive alternative for the industrial mass production of fiber separation.
- the idea according to the invention provides for the use of electric fields and the resulting electrical current flow.
- the fiber bundles are placed in an electric field with the addition of water.
- deionized water demineralized water
- this results in electrical current flow through the dipole formation of the water, albeit of lesser magnitude due to the poorer overall electrical conductivity.
- the effect of the electric field and the resulting electrical current flow leads to an attack (decomposition) of the pectins in the form that subsequently introduced mechanical forces much easier to allow separation of the fibers.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Gewinnung hochwertiger Naturfasern.The present invention relates to the recovery of high quality natural fibers.
Naturfasern haben den Vorteil gegenüber den Synthese-Fasern, dass sie aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen gewonnen werden können. Zudem haben Naturfasern größtenteils noch immer Eigenschaften, die den Synthese-Fasern überlegen sind. Hierzu gehört neben Wasseraufnahmevermögen und Hautverträglichkeit im Bereich der Bekleidungsindustrie auch die unkomplizierte Entsorgung von Produkten aus Naturfasern. Naturfasern werden in Europa und Nordamerika größtenteils aus dem Anbau von Stängelfasern wie Flachs, Hanf, Jute, Ramie, Nessel, Kenaf u. a. gewonnen. Entsprechend den klimatischen Bedingungen werden in anderen Teilen der Welt Naturfasern aus Baumwolle oder Kokos (sog. Fruchtfasern) oder Sisal und Faserbanane gewonnen. Mit Ausnahme der Baumwolle bietet die Naturfaser i. d. R. nur Faserbündel, die es gilt aufzuschließen, um eine möglichst hochwertige Faserqualität mit dünnem Einzelfaserdurchmesser zu gewinnen. Insbesondere die Stängelfasern, oder auch Bastfasern genannt, unterliegen dieser Bedingung. Gleichzeitig findet diese Faserart immer mehr Interesse am Weltmarkt, weil der Anbau von Baumwolle viel Wasser verbraucht und die Baumwollpflanze anfällig für Schädlinge ist. Zudem ist es aufwändig, gute Baumwollqualität zu ernten, denn nicht alle Früchte reifen gleichzeitig.Natural fibers have the advantage over synthetic fibers that they can be obtained from renewable raw materials. Moreover, for the most part, natural fibers still have properties superior to synthetic fibers. In addition to water absorption capacity and skin compatibility in the clothing industry, this includes the uncomplicated disposal of natural fiber products. Natural fibers are grown in Europe and North America largely from the cultivation of stem fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, ramie, nettle, kenaf u. a. won. Depending on the climatic conditions, natural fibers of cotton or coconut (so-called fruit fibers) or sisal and fiber bananas are obtained in other parts of the world. With the exception of cotton, the natural fiber i. d. R. only fiber bundles, which is to catch up, in order to gain the highest quality fiber quality with a thin single fiber diameter. In particular, the stem fibers, or bast fibers called subject to this condition. At the same time, this type of fiber is finding more and more interest in the world market because the cultivation of cotton consumes a lot of water and the cotton plant is susceptible to pests. It is also time-consuming to harvest good quality cotton, because not all fruits ripen at the same time.
Die Separierung der Fasern aus dem natürlichen Faserbündel erfordert zunächst den Prozess der natürlichen Röste, d.h. das Rotten auf dem Feld oder im Wasser. Dies ist aufwändig und zudem im Ergebnis stark abhängig von der Witterung. Bei der Röste wird der natürliche Klebstoff (Pektin), der die Fasern zusammenhält, durch Enzyme, produziert von Bakterien oder Pilzen, abgebaut bzw. zerstört.The separation of the fibers from the natural fiber bundle first requires the process of natural roasting, ie the rotting in the field or in the water. This is complex and, in addition, highly dependent on the result from the weather. In roasting, the natural glue (pectin) that holds the fibers together is degraded by enzymes produced by bacteria or fungi.
Als Besonderheit kommt z. B. bei der Produktion von Leinen, bestehend aus Langfasern von Flachs oder Hanf, hinzu, dass in dieser Anwendung keine vollständige Separierung der Fasern erwünscht ist. Den hier erforderlichen Röstegrad zu treffen, ist bei wechselnden Witterungsbedingungen schwierig und führt zu einem gewissen Anteil auch zu unbrauchbaren Fasern für die Leinenproduktion. Zudem entsteht bei der Leinenproduktion als Nebenprodukt die Kurzfaser (Werg), die bei nachträglicher guter Separierung der Einzelfasern zu hochwertigen Garnen verarbeitet werden kann.As a special feature comes z. As in the production of linen, consisting of long fibers of flax or hemp, added that in this application no complete separation of the fibers is desired. To meet the required degree of roasting, is difficult in changing weather conditions and leads to a certain extent to unusable fibers for linen production. In addition, the short fiber (tow) is produced as a by-product of linen production, which can be processed into high quality yarns with subsequent good separation of the individual fibers.
Die erforderliche Problemlösung besteht somit darin, einen möglichst schnell wirkenden Ersatz für die natürliche Röste (Rotten) zu finden. Alle bis heute eingesetzten mechanischen Verfahren zur Separierung sind in ihrer Wirkung begrenzt, weil der natürliche Klebstoff Pektin ein von der Natur erzeugtes hocheffizientes und flexibles Verbundmaterial darstellt. Selbst höchst intensive Energieeinbringung mittels elektrohydraulischem Verfahren (siehe Patent
Um die Begrenzungen für die nachfolgenden Separierungsverfahren zu beseitigen, ist es notwendig, dass die zur Verfügung stehenden Faserbündel nochmals einem Rotten unterzogen werden. Dies ist besonders zeitintensiv und damit für einen industriellen Prozess zu kostenintensiv. Als einzige Alternative hierzu sind lediglich chemische Verfahren bekannt, die ebenfalls das Pektin abbauen bzw. so zerstören, dass anschließend eine Separierung der Fasern möglich ist. Allerdings sind solche chemischen Verfahren umweltbelastend und zudem ebenfalls kostenintensiv.In order to eliminate the limitations for the subsequent separation processes, it is necessary that the available fiber bundles are again subjected to rotting. This is particularly time-consuming and therefore too cost-intensive for an industrial process. As the only alternative, only chemical methods are known which likewise degrade or destroy the pectin in such a way that subsequently a separation of the fibers is possible. However, such chemical processes are polluting and also costly.
Hier zeigt die Erfindung eine schnelle und kostengünstige Alternative für die industrielle Serienproduktion der Faserseparierung. Der erfindungsgemäße Gedanke sieht den Einsatz von elektrischen Feldern und daraus resultierendem elektrischen Stromfluss vor. Hierzu werden die Faserbündel unter Zugabe von Wasser in ein elektrisches Feld gebracht. Vorzugsweise wird deionisiertes Wasser (vollentsalztes Wasser) verwendet, aber auch dieses führt durch die Dipol-Bildung des Wassers zu einem elektrischen Stromfluss, wenn auch von geringerer Stromstärke durch die schlechtere elektrische Gesamtleitfähigkeit. Die Wirkung des elektrischen Feldes und des resultierenden elektrischen Stromflusses führt zu einem Angriff (Zersetzung) der Pektine in der Form, dass anschließend eingebrachte mechanische Kräfte wesentlich leichter eine Separierung der Fasern ermöglichen.Here the invention shows a fast and inexpensive alternative for the industrial mass production of fiber separation. The idea according to the invention provides for the use of electric fields and the resulting electrical current flow. For this purpose, the fiber bundles are placed in an electric field with the addition of water. Preferably, deionized water (demineralized water) is used, but this, too, results in electrical current flow through the dipole formation of the water, albeit of lesser magnitude due to the poorer overall electrical conductivity. The effect of the electric field and the resulting electrical current flow leads to an attack (decomposition) of the pectins in the form that subsequently introduced mechanical forces much easier to allow separation of the fibers.
Für die Wirkung des elektrischen Feldes und des resultierenden elektrischen Stromflusses kann auch nur eine Anfeuchtung oder Benetzung der Faserbündel ausreichend sein. Die erforderliche Wirkdauer ist abhängig von der Art der zu separierenden Naturfasern, beträgt i. d. R. aber nur wenige Minuten, je nach Höhe der elektrischen Feldstärke bzw. Stromstärke teilweise nur Sekunden.For the effect of the electric field and the resulting electric current flow only moistening or wetting of the fiber bundles can be sufficient. The required duration of action depends on the Type of natural fibers to be separated, but is usually only a few minutes, depending on the magnitude of the electric field strength or current only partially seconds.
Claims (10)
- A method for partial or complete breakdown or rather decomposition of the natural glue, mainly pectin, which holds the fibre bundles of natural fibres together, wherein the fibre bundles in combination with water are exposed to an electrical field strength and a resulting electric current flow.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the necessary electrical field is generated in any form, preferably in a homogeneous way as a plate capacitor or as a coaxial composition, but also in an inhomogeneous way.
- The method according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the fibre bundles are additionally moved in the water bath while the electrical field is effective.
- The method according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the fibre bundles to be treated are only kept wet or moistened.
- The method according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the fibre bundles are only exposed to steam while the electrical field is effective.
- The method according to claims 1 to 5, wherein water or steam of any electrical conductivity, also fully de-ionised, i.e. fully desalinated, is applied.
- The method according to claims 1 to 6, wherein water or steam with higher temperatures to enhance the effectiveness is applied.
- The method according to claims 1 to 7, wherein water or steam with higher pressure to enhance the effectiveness is applied.
- The method according to claims 1 to 8, wherein chemical supplements are added to the water or the steam to enhance the effectiveness.
- The method according to claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrical field and the resulting electric current flow is based on direct or alternating fields or on pulsed fields of any kind, also phase-controlled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12007502.3A EP2728042B1 (en) | 2012-11-03 | 2012-11-03 | Method for separation of natural fibres |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12007502.3A EP2728042B1 (en) | 2012-11-03 | 2012-11-03 | Method for separation of natural fibres |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2728042A1 EP2728042A1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
| EP2728042B1 true EP2728042B1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
Family
ID=47172225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12007502.3A Active EP2728042B1 (en) | 2012-11-03 | 2012-11-03 | Method for separation of natural fibres |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2728042B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996035831A1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-14 | Jossi Ag | Process and device for detecting and removing foreign substances in and from fibre material |
| RU2233355C1 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-07-27 | Максимов Владимир Владимирович | Flax fiber processing method |
-
2012
- 2012-11-03 EP EP12007502.3A patent/EP2728042B1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2728042A1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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