EP2725137A1 - Procédé et chaîne de production et production de toiles de fibre - Google Patents

Procédé et chaîne de production et production de toiles de fibre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2725137A1
EP2725137A1 EP12189885.2A EP12189885A EP2725137A1 EP 2725137 A1 EP2725137 A1 EP 2725137A1 EP 12189885 A EP12189885 A EP 12189885A EP 2725137 A1 EP2725137 A1 EP 2725137A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sizing agent
sizing
fiber web
layer
agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12189885.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reijo PIETIKÄINEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Metso Paper Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Paper Oy filed Critical Metso Paper Oy
Priority to EP12189885.2A priority Critical patent/EP2725137A1/fr
Publication of EP2725137A1 publication Critical patent/EP2725137A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/80Paper comprising more than one coating
    • D21H19/82Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/28Starch
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36Coatings with pigments
    • D21H19/44Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
    • D21H19/54Starch
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50Spraying or projecting
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/52Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
    • D21H23/56Rolls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to producing fiber webs, in particular paper and board webs. Especially the invention relates to a method for producing fiber webs according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a production line for producing fiber webs according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • fiber web producing processes typically comprise an assembly formed by a number of apparatuses arranged consecutively in the process line and forming process steps.
  • a typical production and treatment line comprises a head box, a wire section and a press section as well as a subsequent drying section and a reel-up.
  • the production and treatment line can further comprise other devices and/or sections for finishing the fiber web, for example a sizer, a pre-calender, a coating section a final-calender.
  • the production and treatment line also comprises at least one slitter-winder for forming customer rolls as well as a roll packaging apparatus.
  • fiber web are meant for example paper and board webs.
  • One object of the invention is to create a method and a process for fiber web production in which the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties are in balance and the fiber web provides good process runnability and a reliable process.
  • One object of the invention is to create a method and a process for fiber web production in which good quality of the fiber web produced is achieved with simultaneous raw material savings.
  • One further object of invention is to decrease the adhesion and adherence of the fiber web so that sticking problems in the process devices and in the devices used after the fiber web production are minimized, for example when the fiber web contacts steel or cast iron surfaces (calender rolls or metal belts, drying cylinders etc.), or aluminum surfaces (guide rolls) or polymer surfaces (guide rolls, calender rolls with soft covers) or rubber surfaces (guide rolls, rolls of reels or winders, surfaces of printing machines in printing processes).
  • sizing is used to alter the properties of a fiber web by adding sizing agent, for example starch or other glue chemicals.
  • Sizing can be divided to internal sizing and surface sizing.
  • internal sizing the sizing agent is added to pulp in the wet end of the fiber web machine before forming.
  • surface sizing the sizing agent is added onto the surface of the fiber web at the dry end of the fiber web machine.
  • Surface sizing is used in production of many fiber web grades, for example of uncoated fine papers and of several board grades.
  • starch types originating from roots of plants example potato starch and tapioca starch have higher solubility but starch types originating from grain (grain starch or cereal starch) for example maize starch and wheat starch have lower solubility.
  • Paper and board are available in a wide variety of grades and can be divided according to basis weight in two categories: papers with a single ply and a basis weight of 25 - 300 g/ m 2 and boards manufactured in multiply technology and having a basis weight of 150 - 600 g/ m 2 . It should be noted that the borderline between paper and board is flexible since board grades with lightest basis weights are lighter than the heaviest paper grades. Generally speaking, paper is used for printing and board for packaging.
  • Mechanical-pulp based, i.e. wood-containing printing papers include newsprint, uncoated magazine and coated magazine paper.
  • Newsprint is composed either completely of mechanical pulp or may contain some bleached softwood pulp (0 - 15 %) and/or recycled fiber to replace some of the mechanical pulp.
  • General values for newsprint can be regarded as follows: basis weight 40 - 48,8 g/m 2 , ash content (SCAN-P 5:63) 0 - 20 %, PPS s10 roughness (SCAN-P 76:95) 3,0 - 4,5 ⁇ m, Bendtsen roughness (SCAN-P 21:67) 100 - 200 ml/min, density 200 - 750 kg/m 3 , brightness (ISO 2470:1999) 57 - 63 %, and opacity (ISO 2470:1998) 90 - 96 %.
  • Uncoated magazine paper usually contains mechanical pulp to 50 - 70 %, bleached softwood pulp to 10 - 25 %, and fillers to 15 - 30%.
  • Typical values for calendered SC paper containing e.g. SC-C, SC-B.
  • SC-A/A+ include basis weight 40 - 60 g/m 2 , ash content (SCAN-P 5:63) 0 - 35 %, Hunter gloss (ISO/DIS 8254/1) ⁇ 20 - 50 %, PPS s10 roughness (SCAN-P 76:95) 1,2 - 2,5 ⁇ m, Bendtsen roughness (SCAN-P 21:67) 100 - 200 ml/min, density 700 - 1250 kg/m 3 , brightness (ISO 2470:1999) 62 - 70 %, and opacity (ISO 2470:1998) 90 - 95 %.
  • General values for LWC paper can be regarded as follows: basis weight 40 - 70 g/m 2 , Hunter gloss 50 - 65 %, PPS s10 roughness 0,8 - 1,5 ⁇ m (offset), 0,6 - 1,0 ⁇ m (roto), density 1100 - 1250 kg/m 3 , brightness 70 - 75 %, and opacity 89 - 94 %.
  • MFC machine finished coated
  • basis weight 50 - 70 g/m 2 Basis weight 50 - 70 g/m 2 , Hunter gloss 25 - 70 %, PPS s10 roughness 2,2 - 2,8 ⁇ m, density 900 - 950 kg/m 3 , brightness 70 - 75 %, and opacity 91 - 95 %.
  • FCO film coated offset
  • MWC medium weight coated
  • basis weight 70 - 90 g/m 2 Basis weight 70 - 90 g/m 2 , Hunter gloss 65 - 75 %, PPS s10 roughness 0,6 - 1,0 ⁇ m, density 1150 - 1250 kg/m 3 , brightness 70 - 75 %, and opacity 89 - 94 %.
  • HWC (heavy weight coated) has a basis weight of 100 - 135 g/m 2 and can be coated even more than twice.
  • Pulp-produced, wood free printing papers or fine papers include uncoated - and coated - pulp-based printing papers, in which the portion of mechanical pulp is less than 10 %.
  • Uncoated printing papers contain bleached birch wood pulp to 55 - 80 %, bleached softwood pulp 0 - 30 %, and fillers to 10 - 30 %.
  • the values with WFU have a large variation: basis weight 50 - 90 g/m 2 , Bendtsen roughness 250 - 400 ml/min, brightness 86 - 92 %, and opacity 83 - 98 %.
  • WFC coated printing papers
  • the amounts of coating vary widely in accordance with requirements and intended application, the following are typical values for once- and twice-coated, pulp-based printing paper: once-coated basis weight 90 g/m 2 , Hunter gloss 65 - 80 %, PPS s10 roughness 0,75 - 2,2 ⁇ m, brightness 80 - 88 %, and opacity 91 - 94 %, and twice-coated basis weight 130 g/m 2 , Hunter gloss 70 - 80 %, PPS s10 roughness 0,65 - 0,95 ⁇ m, brightness 83 - 90 %, and opacity 95 - 97 %.
  • Release papers have a basis weight within the range of 25 - 150 g/m 2 .
  • Other papers include e.g. sackkraft papers and wallpaper bases.
  • Board making makes use of chemical pulp, mechanical pulp and/or recycled pulp.
  • Boards can be divided e.g. in the following main groups cartonboards, containerboards and specialty boards.
  • Containerboards comprise f. ex. linerboard and fluting board and other corrugated boards and specialty boards comprise wallpaper base, plaster board etc.
  • Graphic boards are used for making e.g. cards, files, folders, cases, covers, etc.
  • the method for producing fiber webs according to the invention is mainly characterized by the features of claim 1 and the production line for producing fiber webs according to the invention is mainly characterized by the features of claim 11.
  • desired final web quality, good process runnability and process reliability is achieved by increasing water moisturizing of the fiber web during different process stages of the production and by increasing water resistance of the fiber web by decreasing water solubility of the sizing and/or bonding agents used in the production by using less dissolving sizing agent, in particular grain starch or synthetic starch or sizing agent with chemical additive which creates bonds with reactive or functional chemical groups of the sizing agent and cross-links and/or decreases water solubility, in particular with an insolubilizer.
  • the loosening of sizing agent from the fiber web that disturbs the process and sticking of the loosened sizing agent to surfaces of the process devices contacting the fiber web is eliminated or at least minimized and the calendered quality is increased by moistening the web.
  • a new type of sizing process is created by providing a multilayer sizing process in which sizing agent is applied on the fiber web in at least two stages so that a layered sizing profile is achieved in the thickness direction.
  • the layers of sizing agent comprise sizing agent layers of at least two different types, or compositions, preferably top layer i.e. the last applied layer is of less soluble sizing agent than in the other at least one sizing agent layer.
  • the sizing agent used for top layer is selected from the origin that is giving less water dissolving sizing agent.
  • Particularly top layer sizing agent is grain starch or synthetic sizing agent.
  • the water solubility of the sizing and/or bonding agents is decreased by using a chemical additive in the agent.
  • the application of the sizing agent and/or the chemical additive of it is provided by:
  • the chemical additive dosing is preferably done by adding a chemical additive dosing stage after cooking and diluting stage to be last stage before applying the sizing agent with the chemical additive onto the fiber web.
  • the dosing can be provided to an input container machine run tank or to an input feed line.
  • the chemical additive such as glyoxal or its derivate forms under dry and hot conditions covalent bonds with hydroxyl groups and with amino groups of the sizing agent, thus these are advantageous chemical additives when the sizing agent is starch or PVOH.
  • the chemical additives such as AZC and PZC react by forming bonds with hydroxyl groups but also with carboxyl groups, thus these are advantageous chemical additives when the sizing agent is synthetic glue (latex, styrene-acrylate, PVA) for strengthening and for decreasing water solubility.
  • synthetic glue latex, styrene-acrylate, PVA
  • the solids content of the sizing agent is 5 - 35 %, preferably 5 - 15 %.
  • the amount of sizing agent for one side of the web to be sized in 0,1 - 5 g/m 2 (as dry agent), preferably for paper web 0,1 - 2 g/m 2 for one side and for board 0,5 - 3 g/m 2 for one side.
  • the curing speed and curing level of the chemical additive is controlled by controlling the temperature and the temperature influence time in sizing and sizing agent drying processes.
  • the application is provided as one or two sided sizing, in which chemical addition is used for at least one side.
  • the sizing agent is provided to create a multilayer profile of the sizing agent onto the fiber web.
  • the multilayer sizing is provided such that:
  • the sizing agent and the sizing agent with the chemical additive decreasing the water solubility and/or decreasing sticking of the sizing agent are applied by multilayer technique such that the sizing agent with the chemical additive is applied last at the last sizing stage such that the sizing agent with the chemical additive forms for the top layer of the multilayered sizing agent.
  • multilayer technique such that the sizing agent with the chemical additive is applied last at the last sizing stage such that the sizing agent with the chemical additive forms for the top layer of the multilayered sizing agent.
  • the chemical additive is applied mixed with the sizing agent or separately on top of the sizing agent, preferably using wet-on-wet technique such that the chemical additive concentration is greater on the surface than deeper in the web and the applied layers are dried simultaneously.
  • the chemical additive in the method is dosed with the sizing agent layer as a thin layer in wet-on-wet technique.
  • the chemical additive will mix with the top layer of the sizing agent layer and thus smaller amount of chemical additive is needed.
  • the chemical additive is cured as the fiber web is dried and water removed in the drying section after the sizing agent application.
  • the drying at elevated temperature is speeding up the curing process.
  • the invention is applicable in production of various grades of paper or boards:
  • the invention is applicable in new product lines as well as in modernizing projects of fiber web production lines, in particular in modernizing of drying sections, sizers or calenders.
  • the line is modernized according to the simplest example of the invention by providing a dosing pump or corresponding means for the chemical additive in to the sizing.
  • the quality of the fiber web produced is improved as the strength and stiffness of the fiber web increases due to for example cross-linking and due to improved smoothness and porosity of the fiber web which further makes it possible to increase smoothness and decrease porosity provided by pre-calendering which further reduces the amount of coating agent needed.
  • the advantageous multilayer sizing savings are achieved in the amount needed for the desired result as the chemical additive or more expensive sizing agent can be used only in the top sizing layer and for the lower layer / layers more and cheaper sizing agent can be used. In the top layer sizing agent a higher concentration of chemical additive can be used.
  • the utilization of the invention is very advantageous in connection of production of fiber webs in production lines where water moisturizing is used in connection with hot calendering. Particularly, benefits are realized as more water can be applied at moisturizing stage and therefore enhanced moisture gradient calendering effect is achieved together with temperature gradient calendering.
  • figure 1 is schematically shown an example of one aspect of the invention in which the chemical additive or sizing agent is dosed onto a film transfer roll
  • figure 2 is schematically shown an example of one aspect of the invention in which the chemical additive or sizing agent is dosed onto a first sizing agent layer applied on the fiber web
  • in figure 3 is schematically shown an example of a fiber web production line with on-line calendering
  • in figure 4 is schematically shown an example of a fiber web production line and off-line calendering
  • in figure 5 is schematically shown an example of one aspect of the invention with wet-on-wet sizing
  • in figure 6 is schematically shown an example of one aspect of the invention wet-on-dry sizing.
  • the sizer 10 comprises two sizing rolls 11, 12 in between of which a sizing nip is formed. From the sizing agent container 14 the sizing agent S1 is dosed by a film transfer roll/rod 13 onto the surface of one sizing roll 12 in this example of one side sizing. Naturally the examples are also suitable for two side sizing with corresponding means for the other side of the fiber web. From the surface of the sizing roll 12 the sizing agent S1 is applied onto the fiber web W passing through the sizing nip.
  • FIG 1 is schematically shown an example in which the second agent S2: for example a) lower solubility sizing agent as such or b) the sizing agent in which insolubilizer additives have been already mixed or c) solubility decreasing chemical additive, is applied with the sizing agent as a layer.
  • the second agent S2 is dosed by dosing means 15 onto the surface of the sizing roll 12 before dosing the (first) sizing agent S1 by the film transfer roll/rod 13 such that the (first) sizing agent S1 remains on the top layer on the sizing roll 12 and then on the web the (first) sizing agent S1 is on the bottom and the second agent S2 is remaining in the top layer.
  • agent S2 in the figure 1 can be understood to represent another (second) sizing agent (instead of chemical additive), having lower water solubility than the first sizing agent S1.
  • Second sizing agent S2 will be placed on the top layer, preventing the dissolving of bottom layer sizing agent S1, having greater water solubility.
  • FIG 2 is schematically shown an example where the second agent S2 is applied on the top of the first agent, which is being applied first on the web.
  • the second agent S2 is applied by wet-on-wet technique.
  • the second agent S2 is meant a chemical additive, which is mixed with the first sizing agent S1, when applied at the top by wet-on-wet technique.
  • the second agent S2 can be understood as an lower solubility sizing agent, being applied on top by wet-on-wet technique and forming a multilayer sizing layer.
  • Dosing means 15 can be rod, spray dosing/metering or corresponding means. Instead of the film transfer roll/rod 13 also for example spray dosing/metering application means can be used.
  • FIG 3 is schematically shown a fiber web production line comprising the beginning sections, a head box, a wire section, a press section and a drying section of the fiber web machine, generally indicated by reference numeral 50, followed by a sizer 10 for application of a sizing agent onto the fiber web W and a dryer 20 for drying the sizing agent.
  • a sizer 10 for application of a sizing agent onto the fiber web W
  • a dryer 20 for drying the sizing agent.
  • an on-line calender 30 with a pre-moisturizing unit 35 is located.
  • the delay time from sizing agent application at the sizer 10 to calendering at the calender 30 is short, for example several seconds, in this alternative advantageously fast curing cross-linker or insolubilizers such as AZC or PZC are used as the chemical additives of the sizing agent.
  • FIG 4 is schematically shown a fiber web production line comprising the beginning sections, a head box, a wire section, a press section and a drying section of the fiber web machine, generally indicated by reference numeral 50, followed by a sizer 10 for application of a sizing agent onto the fiber web W and a dryer 20 for drying the sizing agent.
  • a sizer 10 for application of a sizing agent onto the fiber web W
  • a dryer 20 for drying the sizing agent.
  • the fiber web is reeled-up to a parent roll 40.
  • the parent roll 40 is transferred to an off-line calender 30 with a pre-moisturizing unit 35.
  • the delay time from sizing agent application at the sizer 10 to calendering at the calender 30 is long, for example from tens of minutes to several hours, and thus slower curing (insolubilizer) chemical additives of the sizing agent such as glyoxal are advantageous.
  • FIG 5 is schematically shown an example in which the fiber web W is multilayer sized by wet-on-wet technique by two sizers 10A, 10B, each of which applies a layer of sizing agent onto the fiber web W such that the second layer is applied onto the first layer and only there after the sizing agent layers are dried in a common dryer 20.
  • the sizing agents for each layer have different compositions.
  • FIG 6 is schematically shown an example in which the fiber web W is sized by wet-on-dry technique by two sizers 10A, 10B, each applying layer of sizing agent onto the fiber web W such that the second layer is applied by the second sizer 10B only after the first sizing agent layer has by dried by the first dryer 20A.
  • the second layer of the sizing agent is dried by the second dryer 20B located after the second sizer 20B.
  • each sizer 10A, 10B is followed by its own dryer 20A, 20B.
  • the sizing agents for each layer have different compositions.
EP12189885.2A 2012-10-25 2012-10-25 Procédé et chaîne de production et production de toiles de fibre Withdrawn EP2725137A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12189885.2A EP2725137A1 (fr) 2012-10-25 2012-10-25 Procédé et chaîne de production et production de toiles de fibre

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12189885.2A EP2725137A1 (fr) 2012-10-25 2012-10-25 Procédé et chaîne de production et production de toiles de fibre

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019170287A1 (fr) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Agent de collage en surface pour un produit en papier, son utilisation, produit en papier et procédé pour le couchage d'un produit en papier
DE102019103703A1 (de) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Voith Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beschichtung
EP3964644A1 (fr) * 2020-09-02 2022-03-09 Valmet Technologies Oy Calibreur
IT202100001757A1 (it) * 2021-01-28 2022-07-28 Laboratory Two Sagl Carta da parati biodegradabile e relativo metodo di produzione

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EP1338699A1 (fr) * 2002-02-08 2003-08-27 AKZO Nobel N.V. Dispersion de collage
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US3413190A (en) * 1964-12-30 1968-11-26 Continental Can Co Process for manufacturing paperboard with high grease resistance by applying a plurality of starch coatings to a wet board
US3425896A (en) 1966-11-21 1969-02-04 Oxford Paper Co Starch coating insolubilized with a zirconium salt
US3545568A (en) 1967-07-25 1970-12-08 Herwaythorn Sa Soc Motor vehicle gearboxes
US5114999A (en) 1989-04-03 1992-05-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Glyoxal-containing binder insolubilizer
EP0603727A1 (fr) * 1992-12-23 1994-06-29 National Starch and Chemical Investment Holding Corporation Procédé de fabrication de papier utilisant des amidons réticulés cationiques/amphotères
EP0754800A2 (fr) * 1995-07-17 1997-01-22 Westvaco Corporation Emballage en carton avec une couche de collage améliorée incluant un liant copolymère pour la réduction de l'effet de mèche des bords
US6274001B1 (en) 1997-10-21 2001-08-14 International Paper Company Method for calendering surface sized paper/paperboard to improve smoothness
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