EP2720797B1 - Vorrichtung zur herstellung von erzkonzentraten zum pelletieren - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur herstellung von erzkonzentraten zum pelletieren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2720797B1
EP2720797B1 EP12800621.0A EP12800621A EP2720797B1 EP 2720797 B1 EP2720797 B1 EP 2720797B1 EP 12800621 A EP12800621 A EP 12800621A EP 2720797 B1 EP2720797 B1 EP 2720797B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
equipment
ore concentrate
grinder
grinding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12800621.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2720797A4 (de
EP2720797A1 (de
Inventor
Marko Palander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Outotec Finland Oy
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Outotec Finland Oy
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Priority claimed from PCT/FI2012/050595 external-priority patent/WO2012172174A1/en
Publication of EP2720797A1 publication Critical patent/EP2720797A1/de
Publication of EP2720797A4 publication Critical patent/EP2720797A4/de
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C19/186Use of cold or heat for disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02Heating arrangements using combustion heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an equipment to prepare ore concentrate for pelletizing and sintering/indurating of pellets in connection with ferroalloys production.
  • FIG. 1 A prior art process and equipment for the production of ferroalloys is schematically shown in Figure 1 .
  • the shown prior art process may relate to the production of ferrochrome from chromite concentrates but it can also be applied to the production of other ferroalloys.
  • the raw material is obtained from a mine.
  • the ore concentrate is stored and initially fed to the process from a day bin 7.
  • the ore concentrate has moisture content more than 1%.
  • the equipment further comprises a grinder 1 for grinding the coarse ore concentrate to a predetermined grain size which is suitable for the subsequent pelletizing step.
  • the grinder 1 is a wet grinder, such as a ball mill, whereto the material to be ground is fed together with the addition of water.
  • a ball mill 1 is a rotating drum which is partially filled with the material to be ground and grinding medium. Different materials are used as grinding media, including ceramic balls, flint pebbles and steel balls. As the drum rotates the grinding media rise with the aid of centrifugal force along with the inner surface of the drum and eventually fall on the material to be ground. Various factors, like the size of the grinding media and the rotation speed of the drum, affect to the degree of grinding.
  • the wet grinder 1 is followed by a slurry mixer 8 which is arranged to mix the slurry discharged from the wet grinder 1.
  • the slurry mixed in the slurry mixer is then led to filter 9, which can be a capillary-effect ceramic disc filter.
  • the filter 9 is arranged to dewater the concentrate slurry by filtering to form a dewatered mineral concentrate.
  • the concentrate and the additives are distributed from the intermediate bins 10 onto a conveyor 11 which conveys these materials to a mixer 12.
  • the mixer 12 is arranged to mix the concentrate with solid fuel, process dust and binder to form a homogenous mixture of these. Also an amount of water can be added into the mixer 12 to ensure that the mixture has sufficient moisture content for pelletizing.
  • the equipment comprises a pelletizing drum or disc 13 which is arranged to pelletize the mixture obtained from the mixer 12 to green pellets.
  • the process equipment includes a roller screen 14 to ensure that uniformly sized green pellets only are fed as an even pellet bed to the endless conveyor belt of the strand sintering/indurating furnace 15.
  • the pellet bed is exposed to subsequent drying, heating, sintering/firing and cooling steps, each of them having different temperature conditions, as the pellet bed is conveyed through respective zones of the furnace 15.
  • the sintering/indurating furnace includes circulation gas ducts 16, 17, 18 which circulate gas from the cooling zones to the drying, heating and sintering/firing zones for the purpose of saving energy.
  • the pellets are spherical, uniformly sized, hard and porous with consistent physical and chemical properties. They are ideal charging material for ferroalloy smelting in the smelting furnace 5.
  • Reference number 19 also refers to bins for additives, like lumpy ore, coke, and quartz sand which together with pellets are charged to a preheating kiln 20.
  • the preheating kiln 20 is arranged to preheat the pellets before charging to the smelting furnace 5.
  • the smelting furnace 5 is an electric arc furnace. In the smelting furnace 5 the pellets are smelted and reduced to ferroalloy. The molten ferroalloy discharged from the smelting furnace 5 is casted to ferroalloy products suitable for further production of metal.
  • the carbon monoxide rich off-gas exiting from the smelting furnace 5 is cleaned in a gas scrubber 21.
  • the cleaned CO gas is used as a fuel which is burned by a burner 22 in the preheating kiln 20 to produce the sufficient heating energy for preheating of the pellets.
  • the cleaned CO gas is also led to burners 23 and 24 located in the walls of the gas circulating ducts 16 and 17 of the strand sintering/indurating furnace 15 to heat the gas flowing in the ducts.
  • the problem of the prior art equipment and process relates to an ever decreasing availability of good quality raw materials. More often the raw material to be processed has a very poor quality because it contains or forms very fine fractions, e.g. clay-like chromite. "Fine fractions" stands typically for that 80% of particles have a size less than 75 ⁇ m. Wet filtering of the fine fractions in order to dewater those is difficult since fine fractions tend to clog the filters. Also the time required to dewater the material with a ceramic filter is too long for the process and requires a series of filters whereby the required investment becomes vast.
  • An equipment according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from JP 4 099132 A . It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art as outlined above.
  • the equipment comprises a drying apparatus arranged to dry the concentrate during grinding by the grinder.
  • the drying apparatus is arranged to dry ore concentrate by the heat energy obtained from burning carbon monoxide rich off-gas from a smelting furnace.
  • the invention provides many advantages. By the arrangement of a drying apparatus to dry the concentrate during grinding by the grinder it is achieved that the concentrate can be dry ground and no subsequent dewatering by filters is needed. With the aid of the invention it is possible to cost-effectively utilize raw materials containing fine fractions which normally would be difficult to dewater by filtering. By utilizing the CO gas from the smelting furnace to produce the sufficient heat energy for drying is advantageous because fossil fuels are thus not needed.
  • the drying apparatus comprises a burning chamber comprising a burner arranged to burn carbon monoxide and/or carbon monoxide rich off-gas to produce hot gases, and a drying chamber arranged to dry ore concentrate with said hot gases.
  • the grinder comprises a grinding chamber arranged to grind the ore concentrate during conveyance the ore concentrate through the grinding chamber.
  • the grinding chamber and the drying chamber are built together, so that hot gases from a separate burning chamber are led to the grinding chamber.
  • the burning chamber, the drying chamber and the grinding chamber are built together so that the burner producing hot gases is attached directly to the grinder.
  • the raw material is obtained from a mine.
  • the raw material, ore concentrate is stored and initially fed to the process from a day bin 7.
  • the ore concentrate has moisture content more than 1%.
  • Equipment of the Figure 2 comprises a grinder 1 for grinding the coarse ore concentrate to a predetermined grain size which is suitable for the subsequent pelletizing step.
  • the grinder 1 in the invention is dry grinder 1.
  • the equipment comprises a drying apparatus into which the ore concentrate is fed from the day bin 7.
  • the drying apparatus comprises a burning chamber 2 comprising a burner 3.
  • the burner 3 is arranged to burn carbon monoxide and/or cleaned carbon monoxide rich off-gas obtained from the smelting furnace 5 with air to produce hot gases.
  • the temperature of the cleaned CO gas is about 30°C to 60 °C.
  • the resulting gas after burning comprises water, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and some oxygen.
  • the temperature of these hot drying gases is about 300°C to 500°C.
  • the hot gases are led to a drying chamber 4 which is arranged to dry ore concentrate with said hot gases.
  • the burning chamber 2 and the drying chamber 4 are separate units.
  • the drying chamber 4 may be a rotating drum which while it rotates conveys the material to be dried from the charge end to the discharge end.
  • the dried ore concentrate is fed to the dry grinder 1.
  • the grinder 1 comprises a grinding chamber 6 arranged to grind the ore concentrate during conveyance the ore concentrate through the grinding chamber.
  • the dry grinder 1 may be a ball mill.
  • a ball mill 1 is a rotating drum which is partially filled with the material to be ground and grinding medium. Different materials are used as grinding media, including ceramic balls, flint pebbles and steel balls. As the drum rotates the grinding media rise with the aid of centrifugal force along with the inner surface of the drum and eventually fall on the material to be ground. Various factors, like the size of the grinding media and the rotation speed of the drum, affect to the degree of grinding.
  • the temperature of the ore concentrate discharged from the dry grinder 1 is less than 100 °C.
  • the process may continue in a manner as depicted in Figure 1 .
  • the concentrate is conveyed to intermediate bins 10. Since the concentrate is dry, it does not have to be dewatered by any filters like in the prior art process of Figure 1 .
  • solid fuel coarse which acts as a fuel in the subsequent sintering/indurating process
  • process dust and binding agent bentonite clay
  • the concentrate and the additives are distributed from the intermediate bins 10 onto a conveyor 11 which conveys these materials to a mixer 12.
  • the mixer 12 is arranged to mix the concentrate with solid fuel, process dust and binder to form a homogenous mixture of these. Also an amount of water can be added into the mixer 12 to ensure that the mixture has sufficient moisture content for pelletizing.
  • the equipment comprises a pelletizing drum 13 which is arranged to pelletize the mixture obtained from the mixer 12 to green pellets. Green pellets have a sufficient cohesiveness so that they can be conveyed and screened without breakage.
  • the process equipment includes a roller screen 14 to ensure that uniformly sized green pellets only are fed as an even pellet bed to the endless conveyor belt of the strand sintering/indurating furnace 15.
  • the pellet bed is exposed to subsequent drying, heating, sintering/firing and cooling steps, each of them having different temperature conditions, as the pellet bed is conveyed through respective zones of the furnace 15.
  • the sintering/indurating furnace includes circulation gas ducts 16, 17, 18 which circulate gas from the cooling zones to the drying, heating and sintering/firing zones for the purpose of saving energy.
  • the pellets are spherical, uniformly sized, hard and porous with consistent physical and chemical properties. They are ideal charging material for ferroalloy smelting in the smelting furnace 5.
  • Reference number 19 also refers to bins for additives, like lumpy ore, coke, and quartz sand.
  • the sintered/indurated pellets and additives are charged to a preheating kiln 20.
  • the preheating kiln 20 is arranged to preheat the pellets before charging to the smelting furnace 5.
  • the smelting furnace 5 is a closed-type electric arc furnace. In the smelting furnace 5 the pellets are smelted and reduced to ferroalloy. The molten ferroalloy discharged from the smelting furnace 5 is casted to ferroalloy products suitable for further production of metal.
  • the carbon monoxide rich off-gas exiting from the smelting furnace 5 is cleaned in a gas scrubber 21.
  • the gas scrubber 21 may be an ejector venturi scrubber operating by wet cleaning principle.
  • the cleaned CO gas is used as a fuel which is burned by a burner 22 in the preheating kiln 20 to produce the sufficient heating energy for preheating of the pellets.
  • the cleaned CO gas is also led to burners 23 and 24 located in the walls of the gas circulating ducts 16 and 17 of the strand sintering/indurating furnace 15 to heat the gas flowing in the ducts.
  • the CO gas pipeline is indicated in Figure 2 with the reference marking B inside a circle.
  • FIG 3 there is shown a modification of the equipment of Figure 2 .
  • the grinding chamber 6 and the drying chamber 4 are built together.
  • the hot gases from a separate burning chamber 2 are led to the grinding chamber 6 which also acts as a drying chamber 4.
  • the burning chamber 2 is separate from the combined grinding and drying chamber 4, 6.
  • the equipment and process may be similar to the one depicted in Figure 2 .
  • the process may hereafter continue as indicated by the marking A inside a circle in Figure 2 .
  • the CO gas pipeline as indicated with the reference marking B inside a circle may be similar to that shown in Figure 2 .
  • FIG 4 there is shown a further modification of the equipment of Figure 2 .
  • the burning chamber 2, the drying chamber 4 and the grinding chamber 6 are all built together.
  • the burner 3 is attached directly to the grinder 1.
  • the process may hereafter continue as indicated by the marking A inside a circle in Figure 2 .
  • the CO gas pipeline as indicated with the reference marking B inside a circle may be similar to that shown in Figure 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Eine Vorrichtung für die Aufbereitung von Erzkonzentrat zum Pelletisieren und Sintern/Härten von Pellets bei der Produktion von Ferrolegierungen, wobei die Vorrichtung ein Mahlwerk (1) enthält, das so angeordnet ist, dass das Konzentrat auf eine vorgegebene Korngröße gemahlen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung einen Trocknungsapparat (2, 3, 4) enthält, der so angeordnet ist, dass das Erzkonzentrat während des Mahlvorganges im Mahlwerk (1) getrocknet wird, und dass der Trocknungsapparat (2, 3, 4) so angeordnet ist, dass das Erzkonzentrat anhand von Wärmeenergie getrocknet wird, die aus der Verbrennung von kohlenmonoxidreichen Abgasen aus einem Schmelzofen (5) stammt.
  2. Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trocknungsapparat
    - eine Brennkammer (2) bestehend aus einem Brenner (3), der so angeordnet ist, dass Kohlenmonoxid und/oder kohlenmonoxidreiche Abgase verbrannt werden, um heiße Gase zu produzieren, und
    - eine Trockenkammer (4) enthält, die so angeordnet ist, dass Erzkonzentrat anhand der besagten heißen Gase getrocknet wird.
  3. Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mahlwerk (1) eine Mahlkammer (6) enthält, die so angeordnet ist, dass das Erzkonzentrat während der Beförderung des Erzkonzentrates durch die Mahlkammer gemahlen wird; und dass die Mahlkammer (6) und die Trockenkammer (4) zusammengebaut sind, sodass heiße Gase aus einer separaten Brennkammer (2) in die Mahlkammer (6) weitergeleitet werden.
  4. Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (2), die Trockenkammer (4) und die Mahlkammer (6) zusammengebaut sind, sodass der Brenner (3), der heiße Gase produziert, direkt mit dem Mahlwerk (1) verbunden ist.
EP12800621.0A 2011-06-15 2012-06-13 Vorrichtung zur herstellung von erzkonzentraten zum pelletieren Active EP2720797B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20114064 2011-06-15
PCT/FI2012/050595 WO2012172174A1 (en) 2011-06-15 2012-06-13 Equipment to prepare ore concentrate for pelletizing

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2720797A1 EP2720797A1 (de) 2014-04-23
EP2720797A4 EP2720797A4 (de) 2015-08-12
EP2720797B1 true EP2720797B1 (de) 2017-09-27

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111610305B (zh) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-09 北京科技大学 使用转鼓定量评价炼钢用铁合金抗碎性和耐磨性的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0499132A (ja) * 1990-08-07 1992-03-31 Kobe Steel Ltd 結晶水を多く含む鉄鉱石のペレット製造方法
GB9317849D0 (en) * 1993-08-27 1993-10-13 Bpb Industries Plc Improvements in calcination
JP2002030351A (ja) * 2000-07-11 2002-01-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 還元鉄製造原料の前処理装置

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EP2720797A4 (de) 2015-08-12
EP2720797A1 (de) 2014-04-23

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