EP2715939A1 - Method and apparatus for operating a power output stage - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for operating a power output stageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2715939A1 EP2715939A1 EP12713708.1A EP12713708A EP2715939A1 EP 2715939 A1 EP2715939 A1 EP 2715939A1 EP 12713708 A EP12713708 A EP 12713708A EP 2715939 A1 EP2715939 A1 EP 2715939A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power semiconductor
- voltage
- bridge
- control voltage
- test
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0828—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in composite switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/12—Monitoring commutation; Providing indication of commutation failure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/18—Modifications for indicating state of switch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0027—Measuring means of, e.g. currents through or voltages across the switch
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a power output stage, in particular an electrical machine, comprising a bridge circuit with at least one half-bridge, wherein the half-bridge comprises two series-connected power semiconductor switch, which are supplied in a normal operation with an operating control voltage to adjust a power voltage , and wherein the power voltage of the respective power semiconductor switch is detected for short-circuit monitoring.
- the invention relates to a device for operating a
- Power output stage in particular an electrical machine, in particular for carrying out the above method, with a bridge circuit comprising at least one half-bridge, wherein the half-bridge comprises two series-connected power semiconductor switch, which are supplied in a normal operation with an operating control voltage to a power voltage and with a monitoring device intended for
- drive devices for motor vehicles which include an electric drive, such as hybrid drive devices or drive devices for electrically driven vehicles
- power semiconductor switches such as MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) or IGBTs (Insulated gate bipolar transistor)
- MOSFETs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- IGBTs Insulated gate bipolar transistor
- freewheeling diodes include.
- MOSFETs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- IGBTs Insulated gate bipolar transistor
- Normal operation are supplied with an operating control voltage to set a desired power voltage.
- Power semiconductor switch is due to failure in a short circuit, then the logic of the half-bridge can no longer maintain the desired pulse pattern, which is given to the electric machine for torque delivery.
- Driver circuit of the two power semiconductor switches monitors the respective power voltage. If this is too large when switched on, it is assumed that an overcurrent flows and the whole semiconductor bridge in the
- Freewheel is switched by switching off or deactivating the power semiconductor switch. This is also known as desaturation monitoring or Dsat monitoring.
- desaturation monitoring Dsat monitoring.
- the control voltage provided to the switches is normally so high that at operating currents in the nominal range of the half-bridge or the inverter as small as possible voltages drop, ie well below the desaturation current, whereby switching and forward losses of semiconductors are reduced or minimized.
- the control voltage provided to the switches is normally so high that at operating currents in the nominal range of the half-bridge or the inverter as small as possible voltages drop, ie well below the desaturation current, whereby switching and forward losses of semiconductors are reduced or minimized.
- Errors can be excluded by testing or redundancies or minimized to a tolerable residual risk. In desaturation monitoring, this is problematic because proper operation can only be detected if the short circuit condition is artificially induced. Since the short-circuit current or desaturation current usually much higher than that
- the inventive method therefore provides that for testing the function of the short-circuit monitoring in a test mode for the two
- Test control voltage is set, which is below the operating control voltage.
- the power semiconductor switches are thus preferably supplied with a voltage supply which is lowered to a value at which the voltage monitoring of the switch driver does not yet respond. Because the two power semiconductor switches of the one half-bridge are at least temporarily supplied with the test control voltage at the same time, a short circuit of the half-bridge is simulated. Moreover, since the test control voltage is below the operating control voltage, the resulting short-circuit current is lower than when the operating control voltage would be present.
- the power semiconductor switches begin to desaturate within a shorter time, causing the short-circuit monitoring to quickly respond and eliminate the short circuit. In this case, the current flowing during the short circuit is preferably set so low by the choice of the test control voltage that the momentum pulse generated thereby on the electric machine is so small that it can be detected by the
- Mass moment of inertia of a rotor of the electric machine safely wegintegriert or damped, so that no impermissible torque enters the drive train of the vehicle.
- the test of the function of the short circuit monitoring is preferably carried out when the electric machine is not put into operation or should provide no torque.
- first one of the power semiconductor switches is supplied with the test control voltage and then the other
- the operating control voltage is given as the operating gate voltage and the test control voltage as the test gate voltage to a drain-source voltage as
- the control voltage is thus expediently a gate voltage of the respective one
- test gate voltage is chosen such that the test gate voltage
- the rated current is the current that would actually be set by the applied test gate voltage if there was no short circuit.
- the test gate voltage as described above, it is achieved that the short-circuit monitoring starts quickly and the flowing currents for the electrical components are harmless.
- the turn-on time of the power semiconductor switches is selected such that the flowing current remains below 2.5 times the rated current. The power semiconductor switches then start - standard components
- the short circuit monitoring is preferably set to respond a little later and eliminate the short circuit. After about 5 ⁇ the test or the test is over, especially when state of the art components are used.
- the electrical machine is switched during the test at standstill by preferably an inverter in a safe state.
- the inverter is one of the
- Half-bridge inverter The control of the inverter can be adjusted depending on the machine type.
- the energy source connected via a pre-charge resistor to the half-bridge.
- the energy source is, for example, a traction battery or another energy storage device.
- Precharge resistance prevents large currents from flowing in the inverter or in the half-bridge for a long time.
- Precharge resistance is used to ensure that the charging current of a
- Control voltage is set, which is below the operating control voltage.
- the figure shows a half bridge 1 of a not shown here
- Power output stage 2 of a drive device comprising at least one electric machine as a drive unit, which is controlled by the power output stage 2, more precisely by a bridge circuit 3 having the half-bridge 1.
- the bridge circuit 3 comprises a plurality of such half-bridges 1, which are each associated with a phase of the electric machine.
- the half bridge 1 has two series connected
- Power semiconductor switches 4 and 5 which are preferably each formed as a MOSFET or IGBT switch element. Every one of them
- Power semiconductor switch 4.5 is associated with a freewheeling diode 6 and 7 in the usual way.
- the half-bridge 1 is associated with a particular phase or a strand of the above-mentioned electrical machine, wherein the strand is applied to the terminal Phx, between the source terminal of the power semiconductor switch 4 and the drain terminal of the power semiconductor switch 5 and between the freewheeling diodes 6 and 7 is switched.
- the half bridge 1 is supplied by a corresponding
- Power semiconductor switch 4 is applied, while the source terminal of the power semiconductor switch 5 is connected to ground GND.
- the remaining existing in an inverter switching elements are not shown for clarity.
- the half bridge 1 forms as part of the bridge circuit 3 is a part of an inverter 8, not shown here, which generates the pulse pattern for the electric machine.
- the power semiconductor switches 4 and 5 are each predetermined by a
- Gate voltage G 4 or G 5 operated or controlled as a control voltage.
- the logic of the pulse pattern of the half-bridge 1 and the inverter 8 is set accordingly.
- the half-bridge 1 comes into a critical state when one of the elements of the circuit, in particular one of the power semiconductor switch 4,5 goes through failure in the short circuit.
- the power semiconductor switch 4 drops out, then the potential U B is constantly on the strand of the electric machine or to Phx.
- the logic of the inverter 8 can no longer maintain the desired pulse pattern which brings the electric machine to the torque delivery. In particular, if the driver circuit despite
- Power semiconductor switch 5 (low side) turns on. In this case, a generally unacceptably high current flows from U B to GND. In the worst case, there may be fires in the power circuit, since the electrical energy available at U B is very high, and the voltage range is so great that
- Arcs may stop long, so their burning voltage is less than U B.
- the driver circuit of the two power semiconductor switches 4, 5 not shown here monitors the drain-source voltages U 4 and U 5, respectively, as the respective ones
- Desaturation monitoring utilizes the characteristic of the power semiconductor switches 4 , 5 , which have a disproportionate increase in the voltages U 4 , U 5 if the saturation current is too high.
- the power semiconductor switches 4, 5 are preferably each one in normal operation
- a monitoring device which monitors the power semiconductor switches 4.5 for short circuit.
- the preferred embodiment is provided which monitors the power semiconductor switches 4.5 for short circuit.
- Short circuit monitoring at standstill of the electrical machine tested for their functionality so that it can be ensured that when a short circuit due to a failure actually occurs, this detected and by the short circuit monitoring device by switching off the
- the monitoring device not shown here which is preferably integrated in the driver circuit, supplied for testing the Short circuit monitoring the power semiconductor switch 4,5 at least temporarily simultaneously with a test gate voltage, which is below the operating gate voltage.
- the gate test voltages are lowered to a value where the
- Voltage monitoring of the driver circuit does not yet respond.
- the values are selected to be so low that the power semiconductor switches 4.5 already desaturate at currents slightly above, that is, depending on the application, for example, from twice the rated current.
- the power semiconductor switches 4, 5 are sequentially switched to a short circuit, first by one and then the other
- Power semiconductor switch is supplied with the test gate voltage.
- the turn-on time of the power semiconductor switches 4, 5 is selected such that the current would remain below 2.5 times the rated current.
- Momentum momentum is so small that it safely attenuated by the moment of inertia of the rotor of the electric machine or
- the energy taken from the DC link during the test of all phases is limited to 1 Ws or at least to a value less than 1 Ws, in particular less than 3 Ws.
- a traction battery is connected via a pre-charge to the half-bridge 1, so that it provides the operating voltage U B.
- another energy supplier or another energy source can be connected via the pre-charge resistor. This ensures that no large currents flow in the inverter 8 for a long time.
- the precharge is interrupted as soon as in the DC bus of the
- Inverter voltages between 20 volts and 80 volts, especially between 30 Volt and 65 volts can be achieved. These voltages are sufficient to perform the short-circuit monitoring test described above. In this way, the load on the individual components is further reduced.
- the power output stage 2 expediently has a plurality of such half bridges in order to form the bridge circuit 3.
- Half-bridges reference, wherein the half-bridges are the same.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011076516A DE102011076516A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | Method and device for operating a power amplifier |
PCT/EP2012/056148 WO2012159812A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2012-04-04 | Method and apparatus for operating a power output stage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2715939A1 true EP2715939A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2715939B1 EP2715939B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
Family
ID=45952532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12713708.1A Active EP2715939B1 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2012-04-04 | Method and apparatus for operating a power output stage |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9362856B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2715939B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103548266B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011076516A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012159812A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013015723B3 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-04 | Hochschule Reutlingen | Improved control of power semiconductors |
CN104062521A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-09-24 | 温州大学 | Arc motion generating device |
DE102014223361A1 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric motor with a power module |
US10868529B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-12-15 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | System and method for an overpower detector |
DE102017203667A1 (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Test device for an overcurrent protection device, inverter arrangement with a test device and method for checking an overcurrent protection device |
EP3389156B1 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2021-06-02 | Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG | Method for operating an electric garden and/or forestry system, safety electronic circuit, safety electronic circuit system, storage battery system and electric garden and/or forestry system |
DE102018200717A1 (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for testing bridges of an output stage while the machine is rotating |
CN109031017A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-18 | 上海英恒电子有限公司 | Fault condition detection method applied to brushless motor |
CN118068156B (en) * | 2024-04-25 | 2024-06-25 | 深圳威宇佳半导体设备有限公司 | SiC power semiconductor dynamic saturation voltage test system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3430409A1 (en) * | 1984-08-17 | 1986-02-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Device for testing the interrupting device of a high-voltage power supply unit |
US5596466A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1997-01-21 | Ixys Corporation | Intelligent, isolated half-bridge power module |
DE10359236B3 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-05-25 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for testing power end stage switches semiconductor switch(es) to conducting state according to predefined program to test whether end stage output voltages are in defined tolerance range for respective switch states |
DE102006012215A1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-09-20 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Transverse flux machine and turbomachinery with such Transversalflussmaschie |
US9291678B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2016-03-22 | Deere & Company | Method and controller for an electric motor with switch testing |
-
2011
- 2011-05-26 DE DE102011076516A patent/DE102011076516A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-04-04 US US14/116,072 patent/US9362856B2/en active Active
- 2012-04-04 WO PCT/EP2012/056148 patent/WO2012159812A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-04-04 EP EP12713708.1A patent/EP2715939B1/en active Active
- 2012-04-04 CN CN201280025228.5A patent/CN103548266B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012159812A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012159812A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
EP2715939B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
US9362856B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
DE102011076516A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
CN103548266A (en) | 2014-01-29 |
CN103548266B (en) | 2017-05-17 |
US20140084827A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
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