EP2715920A2 - Moteur électrique comprenant un rotor à reluctance à suspension magnétique - Google Patents

Moteur électrique comprenant un rotor à reluctance à suspension magnétique

Info

Publication number
EP2715920A2
EP2715920A2 EP12738383.4A EP12738383A EP2715920A2 EP 2715920 A2 EP2715920 A2 EP 2715920A2 EP 12738383 A EP12738383 A EP 12738383A EP 2715920 A2 EP2715920 A2 EP 2715920A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
machine according
permanent magnet
rotor
electrical machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12738383.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2715920B1 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Grabner
Wolfgang Amrhein
Wolfgang Gruber
Siegfried Silber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITAT LINZ
Original Assignee
JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITAT LINZ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITAT LINZ filed Critical JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITAT LINZ
Publication of EP2715920A2 publication Critical patent/EP2715920A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2715920B1 publication Critical patent/EP2715920B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0493—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement integrated in an electrodynamic machine, e.g. self-bearing motor
    • F16C32/0497—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement integrated in an electrodynamic machine, e.g. self-bearing motor generating torque and radial force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/38—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating flux distributors, and armatures and magnets both stationary
    • H02K21/44—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating flux distributors, and armatures and magnets both stationary with armature windings wound upon the magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
    • H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
    • H02K37/20—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with rotating flux distributors, the armatures and magnets both being stationary

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine having a magnetically-mounted reluctance rotor and a pole-forming stator, which has at least one electric stator winding for generating an electromagnetic control flux and at least one permanent magnet for generating a permanent magnetic flux, wherein the electric machine comprises electromagnetic and permanent magnetic circuits Depending on the rotor angle, superimposed on the torque and / or radial load capacity formation at least in partial regions of the air gap.
  • the permanent magnetic poles are arranged between electromagnetic poles, wherein both polars are assigned to the stator.
  • the disadvantage is operated by such a pole arrangement an increased design effort to minimize the magnetic losses due to increased flow pathways.
  • it requires comparatively high power densities for the control of the magnetic bearing as well as for the generation of torque, which can make it difficult to control such electrical machines.
  • the invention has therefore, starting from the above-described prior art, the task of improving an electric machine with a magnetically mounted reluctance rotor so that by simplified design conditions magnetic losses are reduced and / or improved torque behavior of the electric machine is possible.
  • a simplified control of the electrical machine, in particular the magnetic bearing of the reluctance rotor should be possible.
  • the invention achieves the stated object in that, when the magnetic circuits are viewed separately, at least at a rotor angle, an essential part of at least one magnetic flux is within a permanent magnet polar formation having the same polarity, within an electromagnetic polarity having the same polarity, or within one coherent and winding-free one , in particular ferromagnetic, stator sector, via the air gap and via the reluctance rotor to form a magnetic circuit.
  • the invention can therefore be distinguished not only by its constructive simplicity but also by the fact that with a comparatively low cost, an electromagnetic control flux can be generated which can serve for sufficient force generation for improved magnetic bearing of its reluctance rotor.
  • the thus reduced magnetic paths can reduce the voltage drops, which can lead to reduced losses of the electric machine.
  • the invention can be characterized in particular by the formation of electromagnetic and / or permanent magnetic fluxes around the stator circumference.
  • this configuration is heteropolar around the stator circumference (alternating polarity along the circumference).
  • the reluctance rotor may be designed as a toothed rotor or may comprise flux barriers formed by recesses in the ferromagnetic material which form different magnetic resistances for the magnetic flux in the d and q directions.
  • reluctance runners with (hybrid rotor, as you know, for example, stepper motors) and without permanent magnets are conceivable.
  • At least one permanent magnet is provided between two adjacent ferromagnetic stator segments at least partially for the purpose of forming an at least partial flux barrier for the electromagnetic control fluxes. Because of their comparatively low permeability, the permanent magnets arranged in this way conduct the electromagnetic control flow in a flow direction that bypasses them, so that their extent to other stator segments can be restricted. A particularly concentrated control flow can thus be made possible for the stator segment, whereby the force effect can be focused and the control or regulation of the magnetic bearing can be simplified.
  • stator Constructive, saturation and assembly simplicity on the stator can be made possible if adjacent stator segments are mechanically connected to one another via at least one saturation web.
  • a one-piece stator during assembly of the electrical machine and during maintenance easier to handle, which can be used for a cost reduction.
  • the permanent magnetic flux can be kept within narrow extension limits, which can provide for comparatively high flux densities. Therefore, even with permanent magnets having a reduced flux density, a sufficient permanent magnetic flux can be made possible. In addition, a comparatively good stabilization of the passive degrees of freedom of the runner can be made possible by such a flow.
  • the same effect on the strength of the permanent magnetic flux circuit may be enabled when at least a part of the permanent magnetic flux via the reluctance rotor, over the air gap and an electromagnetic pole, in particular a tooth, of the stator closes.
  • the permanent magnet flow can thus extend over relatively short distances via a tooth or pole leg of the electromagnetic pole or in distributed windings of the stator winding within a pole pitch or coil width of the winding of the electromagnetic pole, which can provide a compact magnetic circuit with comparatively low magnetic voltage drops.
  • the invention can not only be distinguished by the fact that a constructive simplicity produces a bearing force direction which is improved in the focusing, but also a new technical effect for controlling the magnetic bearing of the reluctance rotor can be used to simplify the control.
  • the invention can therefore be distinguished from the prior art by robustness, cost-effective manufacturability, as well as by easier controllability of the magnetically mounted reluctance rotor.
  • At least one permanent magnet is arranged in the region of an electromagnetic pole, then a compact design of the stator can be made possible.
  • Simple mounting options with respect to the provision of the permanent magnet may result if at least one tooth carries at least one provided in the region of the air gap permanent magnet.
  • At least two permanent magnets are provided with opposite polarity. If at least one tooth of the stator has at least one recess with an at least partially accommodated permanent magnet, then inter alia the air gap height can be kept small. High flow densities can thus be used, among other things, for improved load-bearing training.
  • the permanent magnet can be embedded centrally. But it is also conceivable to dig in the permanent magnet or to provide protruding from the stator in the recess.
  • the reluctance rotor can be designed as an external or internal rotor to be used depending on the mechanical requirement for power or torque output can.
  • At least one winding of the stator winding is provided on the stator for generating a control flux for a common torque and radial load capacity formation.
  • a corresponding control can now be set via a winding, the magnetic bearing of the reluctance, as well as its power output.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention can therefore provide over the prior art for particularly compact construction conditions.
  • control conditions of the electric machine can be simplified if the stator winding for the torque and radial load-bearing formation has separately controllable windings.
  • the design conditions can be simplified even further.
  • a cost-effective electric machine can be created, in particular because thus the sheet metal or the laminated core is comparatively easy. Furthermore So eddy current losses can be reduced.
  • This may preferably apply to the construction in which, when the magnetic circuits are viewed separately, at least at a rotor angle, a substantial portion of at least one magnetic flux within a permanent magnetic pole formation having the same polarity across the air gap and across the reluctance rotor forms a magnetic circuit.
  • the construction according to the invention can also make it possible for the reluctance rotor to be permanently magnet-free.
  • a low-cost runner can be created, which can be advantageously used for various applications that require interchangeable runners.
  • An inexpensive electric machine can therefore also be made available for such purposes.
  • This may preferably apply to the construction in which, when the magnetic circuits are viewed separately, at least at a rotor angle, a substantial portion of at least one magnetic flux within a permanent magnetic polarity having the same polarity across the air gap and across the reluctance rotor will form a magnetic circuit.
  • stator and / or the reluctance rotor have a toothing adjacent to the air gap at least in a partial region, then the electric machine can also be used in a manner similar to a stepping motor.
  • stator permanent magnets in a machine having a three or four-stranded stator winding, in particular tooth coil winding, and a magnetically mounted reluctance rotor are used to reduce torque fluctuations of the electric machine in which at least one rotor angle in the Essentially from the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet. hender permanent magnetic circuit is formed, which closes within an electromagnetic, having the same polarity Pol angle over the air gap and the reluctance rotor to form a magnetic circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a reluctance section of an electrical machine with a mainly within a permanent magnetic pole formation with the same polarity closing electromagnetic circuit
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of a reluctance section of an electric machine according to a further embodiment with a permanent magnetic circuit which mainly closes within a contiguous ferromagnetic and winding-free sector
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of a reluctance section of an electrical machine according to a third exemplary embodiment with a permanent magnetic circuit which mainly closes within an electromagnetic polar formation with the same polarity
  • FIG. 4 is a detail view of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows a modified construction design to FIG. 3 of an electrical machine according to a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a detail view of FIG. 5,
  • Fig. 7 is an electrical machine shown in FIG. 3 with an external rotor as a fifth embodiment
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c are views of permanent magnets provided differently on the stator
  • FIG. 10 is a developed view of a polar formation with distributed windings
  • Figure 1 1 and 12 views of different windings for Pol retard
  • Figure 13 shows an alternative embodiment of a winding for separate carrying capacity and torque generation
  • 14 shows an alternative embodiment to the electric machine according to FIG. 2
  • FIG. 15 shows a view of an electric machine with a toothing according to a further embodiment.
  • the illustrated in Fig. 1 in the reluctance electric machine 1 has a reluctance rotor 2 and a reluctance rotor 2 separated by an air gap 3 stator 4.
  • the reluctance rotor 2 or reluctance rotor is mounted radially magnetically relative to the stator 4.
  • the stator 4 has an electric stator winding 5 for generating an electromagnetic control flux 6 'and permanent magnets 7, 8, 7' and 8 'for generating a permanent magnet flux 9'.
  • the permanent magnet flux 9 ' form heteropolar around the stator circumference here.
  • Control flux 6 'and permanent magnet flux 9' are superimposed on the rotor angle depending on the generation of torque and / or radial load capacity M, F1, F2 at least in partial areas of the air gap 3.
  • M, F1, F2 at least in partial areas of the air gap 3.
  • the permanent magnets 7, 8, 7 ', 8' thus segment the stator 2 in stator segments 1 1, 12, 13 and 14 and force the electromagnetic circuit 6 into a narrow extension, so that compared to the prior art, a comparatively highly focused load capacity ( F1 or F2) per segment 1 1, 12, 13 and 14 can be made possible.
  • the adjacent stator segments 1 1, 12, 13 and 14 may be mechanically interconnected, for example via saturation webs 31, 32.
  • saturation webs 31, 32 In Fig. 1, two constructions of saturation webs have been shown.
  • there is only one saturable web 31 in the permanent magnet 7 ' whereas two saturable webs 31 and 32 have been shown in the permanent magnet 8'. 2
  • another embodiment of the electrical machines 15 is shown, for example.
  • the magnetic or permanent magnetic circuit 6 closes within a contiguous ferromagnetic and winding-free sector 16 via the reluctance rotor 2 and the air gap 3.
  • an increased magnetic flux density in the air gap 3 can be ensured via simplified design conditions.
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of an electric machine 17 is shown.
  • the invention provides that the magnetic or permanent magnetic circuit 9 within an electromagnetic Pol name 18 with the same polarity (N) via the reluctance rotor 2 and via the air gap 3 closes.
  • the pole formation 18 consists of a pole 19 which is formed by a tooth 20 of the stator 4.
  • the stator has 4 poles 19, 20, 21 and 22, which are each formed by teeth 19 ', 20', 21 'and 22'.
  • stator winding 5 shown in the figures is to be understood as an example.
  • Other forms of the stator winding 5 and their electrical control or energization is conceivable, but not shown.
  • the permanent magnets 7, 8 and 7 ', 8' and 7 ", 8" and 7 “', 8”' in the region of the electromagnetic poles 19, 20, 21 and 22 are arranged. These are attached to the respective tooth 19 ', 20', 21 'and 22' and protrude into the air gap 3 between the stator 4 and reluctance rotor 2.
  • a further embodiment becomes an electric machine
  • this machine 25 shows permanent magnets 7, 8 and 7 ', 8' embedded in the tooth 19 ', 20', 21 'and 22', respectively.
  • This construction makes it possible to provide a comparatively small air gap 3 between stator 4 and reluctance rotor 2. An increased bearing force generation is possible, for example.
  • FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C Further embodiments for mounting permanent magnets 7 are shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C.
  • a permanent magnet 7 is shown buried, and indeed this 7 is inserted into a recess 33 of the stator 4 and fixedly connected to the stator 4.
  • FIG. 9B in contrast to FIG. 3, only one permanent magnet 7 is provided on the pole piece of the tooth 19 '.
  • electrical machines 1, 15, 17 and 25 with a reluctance rotor 2 can be seen as internal rotor 40.
  • the reluctance rotor 2 it is well within the scope of the invention to provide the reluctance rotor 2 as external rotor 41, as has been shown, for example, according to the electric machine 26 of FIG. 7.
  • This special property in the load capacity formation is particularly advantageous for bearings with low number of small number of windings, number of windings or number of coils.
  • the minimum number of windings in bearingless motors is three coils - with star or delta connection four strings, coils or windings.
  • Such constructions are mechanically very simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • With the conventional power orbital such motors have a so-called one-phase characteristic, ie there are rotor angle positions in which no torque can be generated. This leads to torque fluctuations during operation or possibly also to start-up difficulties.
  • the described one-phase characteristic in the case of bearing-free motors with four star-connected windings on the stator or on stator coils) no longer occurs. So it can be in each angular position in addition to load forces so generate a torque.
  • distributed windings 34 of a stator winding 5 for electromagnetic pole formation 19 are also conceivable, as can be recognized, for example, in a two-phase coil arrangement according to FIG.
  • the electromagnetic polar formation 19 takes place within the permanent magnetic pole formation 10.
  • FIG. 10 it will be noted that the circuitry of the coils of the distributed winding 34 has not been illustrated for the sake of simplicity.
  • a Pol field 19 is shown with a winding 35 of air coils.
  • a winding 35 of toriod coils for example, which also serve to form a pole formation 19, is shown. In the case without a groove, even distributed windings are conceivable.
  • a winding 37 (in particular a tooth coil winding) can be provided solely for the formation of the load capacity, and a separate winding 38 (in particular a distributed winding) can be provided solely for the torque generation.
  • the two windings 37 and 38 generally have a different number of pole pairs.
  • FIG. 14 An embodiment similar to the embodiment of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 14. Again, a permanent magnetic Pol term 16, impressed by permanent magnets 7 and 8, are detected.
  • a toothing 39 is shown in FIG. 15, which may be provided on the reluctance rotor 2 and / or on the stator 4 so as to enable properties of a stepping motor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur électrique (1, 15, 17, 25, 26) comprenant un rotor à reluctance (2) à suspension magnétique et un stator (4) formant un pôle (19, 20, 21, 22) qui comporte au moins un enroulement statorique (5) pour générer un flux de commande électromagnétique (6') et au moins un aimant permanent (7, 7', 7", 7"', 8, 8', 8", 8"') pour générer un flux magnétique permanent (9'). Le moteur électrique (1, 15, 17, 25, 26) comprend des circuits électromagnétiques et magnétiques permanents (6, 9) qui se superposent au moins dans des zones partielles de l'entrefer (3), en fonction de l'angle du rotor pour générer un couple de rotation (M) et/ou une force de traction radiale (F1, F2). Pour obtenir des propriétés avantageuses, en cas de prise en compte séparée des circuits magnétiques (6, 9), au moins pour un angle de rotor, une partie essentielle d'au moins un flux magnétique (6' et/ou 9') dans une structure polaire (10) magnétique permanente de même polarité, dans une structure polaire (18) électromagnétique de même polarité, ou dans un secteur de stator (16) continu et sans enroulement, en particulier ferromagnétique, est fermée pour former un circuit magnétique (6 et/ou 9) via l'entrefer (3) et le rotor à reluctance (2).
EP12738383.4A 2011-05-31 2012-05-31 Moteur électrique comprenant un rotor à reluctance à suspension magnétique Active EP2715920B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA803/2011A AT511480B1 (de) 2011-05-31 2011-05-31 Elektrische maschine mit einem magnetisch gelagerten reluktanzläufer
PCT/AT2012/050077 WO2012162716A2 (fr) 2011-05-31 2012-05-31 Moteur électrique comprenant un rotor à reluctance à suspension magnétique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2715920A2 true EP2715920A2 (fr) 2014-04-09
EP2715920B1 EP2715920B1 (fr) 2021-05-05

Family

ID=46578783

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12738383.4A Active EP2715920B1 (fr) 2011-05-31 2012-05-31 Moteur électrique comprenant un rotor à reluctance à suspension magnétique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2715920B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT511480B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012162716A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106438693A (zh) * 2016-11-07 2017-02-22 江苏大学 一种二自由度永磁偏置径向混合磁轴承
EP3921921A4 (fr) * 2019-02-08 2022-10-26 EMF Innovations Pte. Ltd. Stator, moteur et véhicule équipé de celui-ci, et procédé de fabrication du stator

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3011142B1 (fr) * 2013-09-23 2017-04-14 Renault Sas Stator ameliore pour machine a aimants permanents a commutation de flux
EP3115103B1 (fr) * 2015-07-06 2021-04-21 Levitronix GmbH Dispositif de mélange et dispositif jetable pour un tel dispositif de mélange
CN111043156B (zh) * 2020-01-17 2024-04-16 淮阴工学院 新结构交叉齿四极混合磁轴承

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CA2237203C (fr) * 1996-09-10 2007-09-18 Sulzer Electronics Ag Pompe rotative et procede permettant de la faire fonctionner
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KR101020994B1 (ko) * 2009-05-28 2011-03-09 경성대학교 산학협력단 하이브리드 극 구조의 베어링리스 스위치드 릴럭턴스 모터

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106438693A (zh) * 2016-11-07 2017-02-22 江苏大学 一种二自由度永磁偏置径向混合磁轴承
EP3921921A4 (fr) * 2019-02-08 2022-10-26 EMF Innovations Pte. Ltd. Stator, moteur et véhicule équipé de celui-ci, et procédé de fabrication du stator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012162716A2 (fr) 2012-12-06
AT511480A1 (de) 2012-12-15
AT511480B1 (de) 2014-02-15
EP2715920B1 (fr) 2021-05-05
WO2012162716A3 (fr) 2014-02-20

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