EP2711905B1 - Reporting system - Google Patents

Reporting system Download PDF

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EP2711905B1
EP2711905B1 EP13185605.6A EP13185605A EP2711905B1 EP 2711905 B1 EP2711905 B1 EP 2711905B1 EP 13185605 A EP13185605 A EP 13185605A EP 2711905 B1 EP2711905 B1 EP 2711905B1
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magnetic
der
reporting
des
magnet
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2711905A3 (en
EP2711905A2 (en
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Markus Link
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Link GmbH
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Link GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/08—Mechanical actuation by opening, e.g. of door, of window, of drawer, of shutter, of curtain, of blind
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/046—Monitoring of the detection circuits prevention of tampering with detection circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reporting system comprising a reporting element which is arranged on a fixed element and a magnetic element which is arranged on a relative to the stationary element movable element, wherein the reporting element comprises a sensor unit and the magnetic element for generating a magnetic and is designed to measure both the field strength and the orientation of the magnetic and / or electric field in space.
  • Such reporting systems are being developed in particular for the field of security technology.
  • the aim is to find an alternative to the previous magnetic reporting systems.
  • the simplest of these systems merely check whether a magnetic field with a likewise predetermined minimum field strength is applied in a given direction (ie one-dimensional, for example by a reed contact) and from this, infer the state of the object to be monitored.
  • the next level of security requires the additional check that the magnetic field is not applied from an impermissible direction or not at an impermissible level, ie sabotage monitoring. In this way, a deception of the detector should be avoided.
  • All reporting systems of the same type based on these principles can each be assigned a specific magnetic element.
  • a saboteur would therefore know automatically which magnetic field is required to simulate the state "closed" with knowledge of the installed reporting system type. Since such knowledge significantly increases the chances of a saboteur, for example, EN 50131-2-6: 2008 requires a coding of the magnetic element for security grade 4.
  • Each signaling element must in this case be assigned a magnetic element from a pool of at least eight variations of this type of magnetic element. The variations must be so different in at least one property, that it can be detected with the help of the sensor and Auswertkomponente (s), which of these is. It must be ensured that all variations are used with the same probability and randomly assigned to the message elements.
  • Such a reporting system is for example from the document DE 10 2005 018826 B3 known.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a reporting system that meets particularly high security requirements for manipulability despite its compact and space-saving design.
  • the magnetic element comprises a receptacle for the source of the magnetic and / or electric field, which is indexed n times, where n> 1.
  • the message system 1 after Fig. 1 comprises a magnetic element 4 which is fixed in or on a movable element and generates a magnetic field by means of a magnet 10 arranged in this magnet element 4.
  • the reporting system 1 comprises a reporting element 2, which is arranged in or on a stationary element.
  • This reporting element 2 comprises a sensor unit 6 for measuring the field strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field.
  • an LED lamp is provided in the reporting element 2, which signals the status of the reporting system and / or the status of the object to be checked or the movable element.
  • An evaluation unit evaluates the measurement results of the sensor unit 6 and decides on the basis of stored rules and deviation tolerances to the desired value, whether a sabotage or an opening or removal of the movable element is present.
  • the evaluation unit can be arranged at a central, external location or directly on the board 14 within the reporting element 2.
  • a lift-off contact 16 is additionally arranged.
  • the receptacle 8 of the magnet 10 in the magnetic element 4 is in Fig. 2 shown in more detail.
  • the receptacle 8 is indexed 8 times, so that the magnet 10 can be positioned in eight different orientations.
  • the selected orientation is no longer visible thanks to a planned cover later and due to the execution of the recording 8 also not changeable.
  • the reporting system 1 uses one or more magnetic field sensitive sensors 6 (eg, magnetoresistive or Hall sensors) to measure the magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 4.
  • sensors 6 eg, magnetoresistive or Hall sensors
  • all dimensions required for the evaluation of a field strength vector are detected by sensors.
  • the use of ICs is possible, which contain several sensors having different axial alignment.
  • all dimensions of a magnetic Field strength vector almost in the same point (the sensors are in the IC extremely close to each other, but still have some minimal offset on) measured.
  • the magnetic component (s) are completely variable in their orientation and possibly position (depending on the procedure) within the housing. The alignment must not be determinable from the outside by pure visual inspection.
  • the magnetic field generated by this magnetic element 4 is taught by the reporting element 2 by being measured by the sensor component 6 and further processed and stored in the evaluation component. Only when a magnetic field is generated which generates a field strength vector in the measuring point (s) corresponding to the previously taught-in and tolerance-provided vector (s) does the signaling element 2 indicate the "safe" state.
  • a reporting system 1 which measures only two components of the field strength vector, can be implemented more favorably on the one hand and, on the other hand, makes it easier to assess the state to be monitored.
  • the magnetic component (s) can be arranged above the sensor element such that their poles are at the same distance, ie parallel to the sensor component 6 and thus to the measuring plane.
  • the magnetic field is completely variable in its orientation in this plane until the time of learning.
  • 6 single angle sensors, two individual field strength sensors or single biaxial measuring field strength sensors can be used as sensor components. The respectively applied magnetic field is also always compared with the learned values in such a reporting system 1.
  • the main comparison checks the coding, ie the ratio of the vector components to each other (or the angle of the magnetic field which can be calculated from this).
  • a further assessment is made by considering the amount of the two measured components. When using an angle sensor, it must be ensured that not the processed angle but the measured individual components, ie values proportional to the magnetic field strength, are output. The length of the part vector determined from these two components allows the judgment of the removal of the magnetic element. Too small a field indicates a more distant magnetic element and causes the state "open", too strong a field indicates an influence on the reporting element and causes the state "sabotage".

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Meldesystem, umfassend ein Meldeelement, welches an einem feststehenden Element angeordnet ist und ein Magnetelement, welches an einem relativ zum feststehenden Element beweglichen Element angeordnet ist, wobei das Meldeelement eine Sensoreinheit umfasst und das Magnetelement zur Erzeugung eines magnetischen- und/oder elektrischen Feldes ausgelegt ist, wobei die Sensoreinheit dazu ausgebildet ist, sowohl die Feldstärke als auch die Orientierung des magnetischen- und/oder elektrischen Feldes im Raum zu messen.The invention relates to a reporting system comprising a reporting element which is arranged on a fixed element and a magnetic element which is arranged on a relative to the stationary element movable element, wherein the reporting element comprises a sensor unit and the magnetic element for generating a magnetic and is designed to measure both the field strength and the orientation of the magnetic and / or electric field in space.

Derartige Meldesysteme werden insbesondere für den Bereich der Sicherheitstechnik entwickelt. Ziel ist es eine Alternative zu den bisherigen magnetischen Meldesystemen zu finden. Die einfachsten dieser Systeme prüfen lediglich, ob in einer vorgegebenen Richtung (also eindimensional, z.B. durch einen Reedkontakt) ein Magnetfeld mit einer ebenfalls vorgegebenen Mindestfeldstärke anliegt und schließen daraus auf den Zustand des zu überwachenden Objekts. Die nächste Sicherheitsstufe erfordert die zusätzliche Überprüfung, dass das Magnetfeld nicht aus einer unzulässigen Richtung bzw. nicht in unzulässiger Stärke angelegt wird, also eine Sabotageüberwachung. Auf diese Weise soll eine Täuschung des Melders vermieden werden.Such reporting systems are being developed in particular for the field of security technology. The aim is to find an alternative to the previous magnetic reporting systems. The simplest of these systems merely check whether a magnetic field with a likewise predetermined minimum field strength is applied in a given direction (ie one-dimensional, for example by a reed contact) and from this, infer the state of the object to be monitored. The next level of security requires the additional check that the magnetic field is not applied from an impermissible direction or not at an impermissible level, ie sabotage monitoring. In this way, a deception of the detector should be avoided.

Allen Meldesystemen desselben Typs, die auf diesen Prinzipien beruhen, kann jeweils ein bestimmtes Magnetelement zugeordnet werden. Ein Saboteur wüsste somit bei Kenntnis des installierten Meldesystemtyps automatisch welches magnetische Feld erforderlich ist, um den Zustand "Geschlossen" vorzutäuschen. Da ein solches Wissen die Chancen eines Saboteurs deutlich erhöht, fordert z.B. die EN 50131-2-6:2008 für den Sicherheitsgrad 4 eine Codierung des Magnetelements. Jedem Meldeelement muss hierbei ein Magnetelement aus einem Pool von mindestens acht Variationen dieses Magnetelementtyps zugeordnet sein. Die Variationen müssen sich in mindestens einer Eigenschaft derart unterscheiden, dass mit Hilfe der Sensor- und Auswertkomponente(n) erkannt werden kann, um welche davon es sich handelt. Es muss sichergestellt werden, dass alle Variationen mit derselben Wahrscheinlichkeit verwendet und den Meldeelementen zufällig zugeordnet werden.All reporting systems of the same type based on these principles can each be assigned a specific magnetic element. A saboteur would therefore know automatically which magnetic field is required to simulate the state "closed" with knowledge of the installed reporting system type. Since such knowledge significantly increases the chances of a saboteur, for example, EN 50131-2-6: 2008 requires a coding of the magnetic element for security grade 4. Each signaling element must in this case be assigned a magnetic element from a pool of at least eight variations of this type of magnetic element. The variations must be so different in at least one property, that it can be detected with the help of the sensor and Auswertkomponente (s), which of these is. It must be ensured that all variations are used with the same probability and randomly assigned to the message elements.

Zur Erfüllung der Codierungsanforderung wird derzeit nach einer Methode vorgegangen, bei der mehrere in Reihe angebrachte, variabel polarisierte Magnetkomponenten im Magnetelement enthalten sind. Alternativ wird eine längere Magnetkomponente mit wechselnder Polarität verwendet, wobei die Breite der Pole die Codierung darstellt (analog zu den aneinander gereihten Teilmagnetkomponenten). Die Nachteile dieses Verfahrens sind:

  • Die Codierung ist digital. Dies bedeutet eine vergleichsweise leichte Auslesbar- und Reproduzierbarkeit.
  • Die Polwechsel müssen auch in einer Entfernung von mehreren Millimetern noch eindeutig erkennbar sein, was eine entsprechende Mindestbreite der Pole erfordert. Das Magnetelement erfordert folglich relativ viel Platz.
  • Das Auslesen der Codierung erfordert so viele Sensoren, wie Polwechsel erkannt werden müssen.
  • Die Sensoren müssen hinreichend Abstand aufweisen, um alle möglichen Polwechsel erkennen zu können. Dadurch erfordert auch das Meldeelement relativ viel Platz.
In order to meet the coding requirement, a method is currently used in which several series-mounted, variably polarized magnetic components are contained in the magnetic element. Alternatively, a longer magnet component with alternating polarity is used, the width of the poles representing the coding (analogous to the juxtaposed partial magnet components). The disadvantages of this method are:
  • The coding is digital. This means a comparatively easy readability and reproducibility.
  • The pole changes must also be clearly recognizable even at a distance of several millimeters, which requires a corresponding minimum width of the poles. The magnetic element thus requires a relatively large amount of space.
  • The reading of the coding requires as many sensors as pole changes must be detected.
  • The sensors must be sufficiently clear to detect all possible pole changes. As a result, the reporting element also requires a relatively large amount of space.

Ein derartiges Meldesystem ist beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift DE 10 2005 018826 B3 bekannt.Such a reporting system is for example from the document DE 10 2005 018826 B3 known.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde ein Meldesystem zu entwickeln, welches trotz kompakter und platzsparender Bauweise besonders hohe Sicherheitsanforderungen an die Manipulierbarkeit erfüllt.The invention is therefore based on the object to develop a reporting system that meets particularly high security requirements for manipulability despite its compact and space-saving design.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem das Magnetelement eine Aufnahme für die Quelle des magnetischen und/oder elektrischen Feldes umfasst, die n-fach indiziert ist, wobei n > 1 ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the magnetic element comprises a receptacle for the source of the magnetic and / or electric field, which is indexed n times, where n> 1.

Die Erfindung ist definiert durch die Ansprüche.The invention is defined by the claims.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.
Die Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, dass eine kompakte Bauweise und besonders hohe Sicherheitsvorgaben erfüllt werden können, wenn neben der Messung der Feldstärke in einem oder mehreren Punkten auch die Orientierung des Feldes im Raum als Kriterium bei der Überprüfung des Zustandes des beweglichen Elements verwendet wird. Für eine derartige Messung der Orientierung können bevorzugt Winkelsensoren oder auch eine Kombination von mehreren Sensoren, beispielsweise Hallsensoren, verwendet werden, die derart angeordnet sind, dass sie eine Ebene definieren. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die beiden Sensoren im rechten Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind und somit ein rechtwinkliges Koordinatensystem für die Messung der Orientierung und der Feldstärken bilden.
Zur Bereitstellung einer Anzahl von verschiedenen Orientierungen des magnetischen- und/oder elektrischen Feldes ist die Aufnahme für die Quelle des magnetischen- und/oder elektrischen Feldes, beispielsweise ein Dipol- oder Quadrupolmagnet, mit einer Indizierung versehen. Die Indizierung, also die Festlegung der möglichen rotatorischen Ausrichtung zwischen der Quelle des magnetischen- und/oder elektrischen Feldes und des Magnetelements, ist dabei in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung 8-fach ausgelegt, um 8 verschiedene Orientierungen des magnetischen- und/oder elektrischen Feldes zu ermöglichen. Welche dieser Orientierungen gewählt wird, kann beim Einbau bzw. der Inbetriebnahme des Meldesystems frei und auch zufällig ausgewählt werden. Ein einer Art Einlernphase werden dann die Messsignale der Sensoreinheit an den gewünschten Zustand des Objektes angepasst, so dass ab diesem Zeitpunkt jede Veränderung des Zustandes durch die daraus folgende Veränderung des magnetischen und/oder elektrischen Feldes detektiert und gemeldet werden kann.
Im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung werden einzelne konkrete Begriffe und Ausdrucksweisen verwendet, die aber allgemeiner verstanden werden sollen. Dazu zählen insbesondere:

  • Magnetfeld: Bezeichnet ein magnetisches Feld, was entweder als Einzel- oder als Summenfeld vorliegt. Letzteres setzt sich wiederum aus mehreren, beliebig positionierten und ausgerichteten Einzelfeldern zusammen. Vorliegend wird zur Wahrung des Verständnisses ausschließlich das Vorgehen bei Codierung mittels magnetischer Felder beschrieben. Eine Anwendung, die nach demselben Prinzip, jedoch auf Basis elektrischer oder elektromagnetischer Felder funktioniert, ist aber ebenfalls möglich und soll auch Gegenstand dieser Anmeldung sein.
  • Zu überwachendes Objekt: In der Regel ein Fenster oder eine Tür, bei welchem die relative Position des beweglichen Elements zum feststehenden Element (Rahmen) erkannt werden soll. Alternativ kann es sich hierbei beispielsweise auch um ein theoretisch frei bewegliches Objekt handeln (kostbare Gegenstände wie Gemälde oder Vasen), bei dem überwacht werden soll, ob es sich in einer als sicher definierten Position befindet (z.B. auf einem Sockel oder an einer Wandhalterung). Diese Position wird beispielsweise bei der Positionsüberwachung von einem Meldesystem als Indikator für den Zustand des Objekts betrachtet.
  • Feststehendes Element: Der Teil des zu überwachenden Objekts, welcher relativ zur Einbauposition statisch ist. Hierbei kann es sich unter anderem um einen Fenster- oder Türrahmen oder einen Sockel handeln.
  • Bewegliches Element: Der Teil des zu überwachenden Objekts, welcher relativ zur Einbauposition bewegt werden kann. Hierbei kann es sich unter anderem im einen Fensterflügel, einen Türrahmen oder um ein kostbares Objekt handeln.
  • Verriegelnde Komponente: Der Teil des beweglichen Elements, welcher es erlaubt dieses in seiner als "sicher" definierten Position zu fixieren. Hierbei kann es sich unter anderem um einen Riegel oder einen Verschlussbolzen handeln. Für die Verschlussüberwachung wird beispielsweise die relative Position dieses Teils überprüft. Befindet es sich in der Verschlussposition, so ist das bewegliche Element folgerichtig in seiner geschlossenen Endlage.
  • Überwachungs-/Alarmanlage bzw. Auswerteeinheit: Verwaltet die Meldungen bzw. prüft die Signale mehrerer Meldesysteme, um so den "Soll-Zustand" des überwachten Raums/Gebäudes und der darin enthaltenen, überwachten Objekte zu überprüfen und bei Abweichungen entsprechende Maßnahmen einzuleiten (Notruf, Alarmsignale, Abschottung...).
  • Meldesystem: Ein System, welches den Zustand des zu überwachenden Objekts erkennt und diesen der auswertenden Komponente der Alarmanlage meldet bzw. signalisiert. Dieses System besteht bei magnetischen Meldern in der Regel aus einem Melder- und einem Magnetelement.
  • Zustand: Im einfachsten Fall wird lediglich zwischen dem "sicheren" Zustand (z.B. Öffnungsüberwachung -> "Geschlossen", Verschlussüberwachung -> "Verriegelt", Präsenzüberwachung -> "Präsent") und dem unsicheren Zustand (z.B. Öffnungsüberwachung -> "Geöffnet", Verschlussüberwachung -> "Entriegelt", Präsenzüberwachung -> "Entfernt") unterschieden, welche die entsprechende Position des beweglichen Elements (oder z.B. der verriegelnden Komponente) repräsentieren. Für höhere Sicherheitsanforderungen wird zusätzlich der Zustand "Sabotage" überwacht, welcher einen Manipulationsversuch am Meldesystem anzeigt (wie z.B. ein falsch ausgerichtetes oder zu starkes Magnetfeld, Entfernen des Melders oder Stören der Verbindungsintegrität).
  • Meldeelement: Der Teil des Meldesystems, welcher am feststehenden Element montiert ist. Es erkennt mit Hilfe seiner Komponenten den Zustand des zu überwachenden Objekts und stellt diese Information der Alarmanlage zur Verfügung. Hierfür enthält es unter anderem Sensor-(mindestens eine), Auswert- und Kommunikationskomponenten. In den einfachsten Fällen wie beispielsweise bei Reedkontakten können mehrere Funktionen von einer einzelnen Komponente erfüllt werden.
  • Sensoreinheit: Der messende Teil des Meldeelements. Misst das vom Magnetelement verursachte Magnetfeld und stellt diese Information dem Auswertelement zur Verfügung. Hierfür können unter anderem magnetoresistive Sensoren, Hall-Sensoren oder Reed-Kontakte verwendet werden.
  • Auswertkomponente: Der bewertende Teil des Meldeelements. Er ermittelt/berechnet aus den von dem/den Sensorelement(en) bereitgestellten Informationen den aktuellen Zustand des zu überwachenden Objekts.
  • Magnetelement: Der Teil des Meldesystems, der am beweglichen Element angebracht ist. Es fasst eine oder mehrere Magnetkomponenten in einem Gehäuse zusammen. Wenn sich das bewegliche Element im sicheren Zustand befindet, so verursachen die Magnetkomponenten ein für das angebrachte Magnetelement klar definiertes Feld, das von der Auswertkomponente entweder produktspezifisch oder dank eines vorangehenden Einlernvorgangs wiedererkannt werden kann.
  • Magnetkomponente: Eine im Magnetelement enthaltene magnetische Quelle (in der Regel ein Dauermagnet).
  • Sabotagemagnet: Ein Magnet, mit dem versucht wird das Magnetfeld zu imitieren, welches erforderlich ist, damit das Meldeelement den "sicheren" Zustand signalisiert.
Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
The invention is based on the consideration that a compact design and particularly high safety specifications can be met if, in addition to the measurement of the field strength in one or more points, the orientation of the field in space is used as a criterion in the verification of the state of the movable element , For such a measurement of the orientation, angle sensors or also a combination of a plurality of sensors, for example Hall sensors, which are arranged such that they define a plane, may be used. It when the two sensors are arranged at right angles to each other and thus form a rectangular coordinate system for measuring the orientation and the field strengths is particularly advantageous.
To provide a number of different orientations of the magnetic and / or electric field, the recording for the source of the magnetic and / or electric field, for example a dipole or quadrupole magnet, is provided with an indexing. The indexing, that is, the definition of the possible rotational alignment between the source of the magnetic and / or electric field and the magnetic element, is in an advantageous embodiment 8-fold designed to allow 8 different orientations of the magnetic and / or electric field. Which of these orientations is selected can be freely and also randomly selected during installation or commissioning of the message system. The measurement signals of the sensor unit are then adapted to the desired state of the object in a type of learning phase, so that, starting from this point in time, any change in the state can be detected and reported by the consequent change in the magnetic and / or electric field.
In the context of this description, individual concrete terms and expressions are used, but should be understood more generally. These include in particular:
  • Magnetic field: Designates a magnetic field, which is available either as a single field or as a sum field. The latter, in turn, consists of several individual, arbitrarily positioned and aligned individual fields. In the present case, only the procedure for encoding by means of magnetic fields is described for the sake of understanding. An application that works on the same principle, but based on electrical or electromagnetic fields, but is also possible and should also be the subject of this application.
  • Object to be monitored: Usually a window or a door in which the relative position of the movable element to the fixed element (frame) is to be detected. Alternatively, this may, for example, also be a theoretically freely movable object (precious objects such as paintings or vases) in which it is to be monitored whether it is in a position defined as safe (eg on a pedestal or on a wall mount). This position is considered, for example, in position monitoring by a reporting system as an indicator of the state of the object.
  • Fixed element: the part of the object to be monitored which is static relative to the installation position. This may include a window or door frame or a pedestal.
  • Moving element: the part of the object to be monitored which can be moved relative to the installation position. This can include a window sash, a door frame or a precious object.
  • Locking component: The part of the movable element which allows it to be fixed in its position defined as "safe". This may be inter alia a bolt or a locking pin. For example, the shutter control will check the relative position of this part. If it is in the closed position, then the movable element is logically in its closed end position.
  • Monitoring / alarm system or evaluation unit: manages the messages or checks the signals of several signaling systems in order to check the "target state" of the monitored room / building and the monitored objects contained therein and initiate appropriate measures in case of deviations (emergency call, Alarm signals, foreclosure ...).
  • Message system: A system which detects the state of the object to be monitored and reports or signals it to the evaluating component of the alarm system. This system usually consists of a detector and a magnetic element with magnetic detectors.
  • Condition: In the simplest case, only between the "safe" state (eg opening monitoring ->"closed", shutter monitoring ->"locked", presence monitoring ->"present") and the unsafe state (eg opening monitoring ->"open", shutter monitoring ->"Unlocked", presence monitoring ->"removed"), which represent the corresponding position of the moving element (or eg the locking component). For higher security requirements, the status "sabotage" is additionally monitored, which indicates a manipulation attempt on the reporting system (such as a misaligned or too strong magnetic field, removal of the detector or disturbance of the connection integrity).
  • Reporting element: the part of the reporting system which is mounted on the fixed element. It uses its components to detect the state of the object to be monitored and makes this information available to the alarm system. For this, it contains, among other things, sensor (at least one), evaluation and communication components. In the simplest cases, such as reed contacts, multiple functions can be performed by a single component.
  • Sensor unit: The measuring part of the signaling element. Measures the magnetic field caused by the magnetic element and provides this information to the evaluation element. Magnetoresistive sensors, Hall sensors or reed contacts can be used for this purpose.
  • Evaluation component: the evaluating part of the reporting element. It determines / calculates from the information provided by the sensor element (s) the current state of the object to be monitored.
  • Magnetic element: the part of the signaling system attached to the moving element. It combines one or more magnet components in one housing. When the movable element is in the safe state, the magnetic components cause a field clearly defined for the attached magnetic element, which can be recognized by the evaluation component either product-specifically or thanks to a previous teaching operation.
  • Magnetic component: A magnetic source contained in the magnetic element (usually a permanent magnet).
  • Sabotage Magnet: A magnet that attempts to mimic the magnetic field required for the annunciator to signal the "safe" state.

Das vorliegende Messsystem verwendet somit eine analoge Codierung des Magnetelements. Dies hat folgende Vorteile:

  • Der Platzbedarf des Magnetelements reduziert sich dank der Erhöhung der bereits mit einer Magnetenkomponente darstellbaren Informationsmenge.
  • Der Platzbedarf des Meldeelements reduziert sich, da weniger Sensoren erforderlich sind um die gesamte Codierung zu erfassen. Eine Dimension (X-/Y-/Z-Achse) des Magnetfeldes kann im einfachsten Fall bereits mit einer Sensorkomponente ausreichend erfasst werden. Es existieren zudem Sensoren, die eine mehrdimensionale Messung erlauben und somit häufig preislich, platzbezogen und auch qualitativ (Messung mehrerer Dimensionen im selben Punkt, präziser) weitere Vorteile bieten.
  • Der Sabotageschutz steigt, da für einen Überwindungsversuch nicht nur die genaue, analoge Ausrichtung der im Magnetelement enthaltenen Magnetkomponente(n) bekannt sein muss, sondern der Sabotagemagnet auch in einem bestimmten Winkel an das Meldeelement herangeführt werden müsste, um kein ungültiges magnetisches Feld zu erzeugen.
  • Toleranzen der verwendeten Magneten steigern die Individualität der zugeordneten Codepaare.
The present measuring system thus uses an analog coding of the magnetic element. This has the following advantages:
  • The space requirement of the magnetic element is reduced thanks to the increase in the amount of information that can already be displayed with a magnetic component.
  • The space requirement of the reporting element is reduced because fewer sensors are required to capture the entire coding. One dimension (X- / Y- / Z-axis) of the magnetic field can be sufficiently detected in the simplest case already with a sensor component. There are also sensors that allow a multi-dimensional measurement and thus often offer further advantages in terms of price, location and also quality (measurement of several dimensions in the same point, more precisely).
  • The sabotage protection increases because not only the exact, analogous orientation of the magnetic component (s) contained in the magnetic element (s) must be known for an attempt to overcome, but the sabotage magnet would also be introduced at a certain angle to the reporting element in order not to generate an invalid magnetic field.
  • Tolerances of the magnets used increase the individuality of the associated code pairs.

Das vorliegende Verfahren zur Informationsgewinnung durch ein Magnetelement unterscheidet sich insofern von Standardanwendungen wie beispielsweise Drehgebern, dass Orientierung und Position des Magneten in seinem Gehäuse/Träger zwar bis zum Einlernen variabel und unbekannt sein können, sie sich aber nach diesem Zeitpunkt nicht mehr ändern dürfen. Sie ähnelt somit der für Festplatten verwendeten Magnetisierung einzelner magnetisierbarer Elemente, um Informationen abzulegen. Hier wird jedoch eine analoge/mehrstufige (und falls diese durch Ausrichtung eines Magneten geschieht voraussichtlich permanente) Variation verwendet um eine Information zu repräsentieren. Drehgeber und sonstige Standardmessanwendungen zielen hingegen darauf ab, Informationen über ein komplexes System zu sammeln, welches über Eigenschaften verfügt, deren Änderung auch eine Änderung eines Magnetfeldes zur Folge haben. Dies wiederum erlaubt Rückschlüsse von dem gemessenen Wert auf die Eigenschaft selbst. Beispiele für Standardmessanwendungen in diesem Sinne sind:

  • Messung des Drehwinkels einer Welle zur Bestimmung der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit
  • Messung des um stromdurchflossene Leiter entstehenden Magnetfeldes zur Bestimmung der Stromstärke
  • Messung des Drehwinkels eines Zündschlosses zur Bestimmung wann der Zylinder z.B. die Anlassposition erreicht
  • Magnetresonanztomographie
The present method of obtaining information by a magnetic element differs from standard applications such as encoders in that the orientation and position of the magnet in its housing / carrier may be variable and unknown until learning, but they must not change after this time. It thus resembles the magnetization of individual magnetizable elements used for hard disks to store information. Here, however, an analog / multilevel (and presumably permanent) variation is used to represent information. Rotary encoders and other standard measurement applications, on the other hand, are aimed at gathering information about a complex system which has properties whose modification also results in a change in a magnetic field. This in turn allows conclusions to be drawn about the measured value on the property itself. Examples of standard measurement applications in this sense are:
  • Measurement of the angle of rotation of a shaft for the determination of the rotational speed
  • Measurement of the current flowing around the conductor magnetic field to determine the current
  • Measuring the angle of rotation of an ignition lock to determine when the cylinder reaches the starting position, for example
  • magnetic resonance imaging

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Explosionszeichnung des Meldesystems;
  • Fig. 2 ein Magnetelement mit indizierter Aufnahme für einen Magneten;
  • Fig. 3 ein Meldesystem mit Sensoreinheit.
An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:
  • Fig. 1 an exploded view of the reporting system;
  • Fig. 2 a magnetic element with an indexed recording for a magnet;
  • Fig. 3 a reporting system with sensor unit.

Gleiche Teile sind in allen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung erfolgt, stellvertretend für alle möglichen Varianten, anhand eines Magnetfeldes.The following description is representative of all possible variants, based on a magnetic field.

Das Meldesystem 1 nach Fig. 1 umfasst ein Magnetelement 4, welches in oder an einem beweglichen Element befestigt wird und durch einen in diesem Magnetelement 4 angeordneten Magneten 10 ein Magnetfeld erzeugt. Weiterhin umfasst das Meldesystem 1 ein Meldeelement 2, welches in oder an einem feststehenden Element angeordnet ist. Dieses Meldeelement 2 umfasst eine Sensoreinheit 6 zur Messung der Feldstärke und Orientierung des anliegenden Magnetfeldes. Ebenfalls ist in dem Meldeelement 2 eine LED-Lampe vorgesehen, die den Status des Meldesystems und/oder den Status des zu überprüfenden Objektes bzw. des beweglichen Elements signalisiert. Eine nicht dargestellte Auswerteeinheit wertet die Messergebnisse der Sensoreinheit 6 aus und entscheidet auf Grund von hinterlegten Regeln und Abweichungstoleranzen zum Sollwert, ob eine Sabotage oder eine Öffnung bzw. Entfernung des beweglichen Elements vorliegt. Die Auswerteeinheit kann dabei an einer zentralen, externen Stelle angeordnet sein oder auch direkt auf der Platine 14 innerhalb des Meldeelements 2. Im Meldeelement 2 ist zusätzlich ein Abhebekontakt 16 angeordnet.The message system 1 after Fig. 1 comprises a magnetic element 4 which is fixed in or on a movable element and generates a magnetic field by means of a magnet 10 arranged in this magnet element 4. Furthermore, the reporting system 1 comprises a reporting element 2, which is arranged in or on a stationary element. This reporting element 2 comprises a sensor unit 6 for measuring the field strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field. Also, an LED lamp is provided in the reporting element 2, which signals the status of the reporting system and / or the status of the object to be checked or the movable element. An evaluation unit, not shown, evaluates the measurement results of the sensor unit 6 and decides on the basis of stored rules and deviation tolerances to the desired value, whether a sabotage or an opening or removal of the movable element is present. The evaluation unit can be arranged at a central, external location or directly on the board 14 within the reporting element 2. In the reporting element 2, a lift-off contact 16 is additionally arranged.

Die Aufnahme 8 des Magneten 10 in dem Magnetelement 4 ist in Fig. 2 näher dargestellt. Die Aufnahme 8 ist dabei 8-fach indiziert, so dass der Magnet 10 in acht verschiedenen Ausrichtungen positioniert werden kann. Die gewählte Ausrichtung ist dabei dank einer vorgesehenen Abdeckung später nicht mehr sichtbar und aufgrund der Ausführung der Aufnahme 8 auch nicht veränderbar.The receptacle 8 of the magnet 10 in the magnetic element 4 is in Fig. 2 shown in more detail. The receptacle 8 is indexed 8 times, so that the magnet 10 can be positioned in eight different orientations. The selected orientation is no longer visible thanks to a planned cover later and due to the execution of the recording 8 also not changeable.

Das Meldesystem 1 verwendet einen oder mehrere magnetfeldsensitive Sensoren 6 (z.B. magnetoresistive oder Hall-Sensoren), um das vom Magnetelement 4 erzeugte Magnetfeld zu messen. Hierbei werden alle für die Auswertung erforderlichen Dimensionen eines Feldstärkevektors sensorisch erfasst. Hier ist der Einsatz von ICs möglich, welche mehrere Sensoren enthalten, die unterschiedliche axiale Ausrichtung aufweisen. Somit könnten in einem IC alle Dimensionen eines magnetischen Feldstärkevektors fast im selben Punkt (die Sensoren liegen im IC extrem nah beieinander, weisen aber dennoch teilweise minimalen Versatz auf) gemessen werden. Bei der Neuinstallation wird dem Meldeelement 2 ein Magnetelement 4 zugeordnet, dessen Magnetkomponente(n) in ihrer Ausrichtung und ggf. Position (abhängig vom Vorgehen) innerhalb des Gehäuses völlig variabel sind. Die Ausrichtung darf durch reine Sichtprüfung von außen nicht bestimmbar sein. Das von diesem Magnetelement 4 erzeugte Magnetfeld wird von dem Meldeelement 2 eingelernt, indem es von der Sensorkomponente 6 gemessen und in der Auswertkomponente weiterverarbeitet und gespeichert wird. Nur bei Anlegen eines Magnetfeldes, das in dem/den Messpunkt(en) einen Feldstärkevektor erzeugt, der dem/n zuvor eingelernten und mit einer Toleranz versehenen Vektoren) entspricht, signalisiert das Meldeelement 2 den "sicheren" Zustand.The reporting system 1 uses one or more magnetic field sensitive sensors 6 (eg, magnetoresistive or Hall sensors) to measure the magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 4. In this case, all dimensions required for the evaluation of a field strength vector are detected by sensors. Here, the use of ICs is possible, which contain several sensors having different axial alignment. Thus, in an IC, all dimensions of a magnetic Field strength vector almost in the same point (the sensors are in the IC extremely close to each other, but still have some minimal offset on) measured. When reinstalling the reporting element 2 is assigned a magnetic element 4, the magnetic component (s) are completely variable in their orientation and possibly position (depending on the procedure) within the housing. The alignment must not be determinable from the outside by pure visual inspection. The magnetic field generated by this magnetic element 4 is taught by the reporting element 2 by being measured by the sensor component 6 and further processed and stored in the evaluation component. Only when a magnetic field is generated which generates a field strength vector in the measuring point (s) corresponding to the previously taught-in and tolerance-provided vector (s) does the signaling element 2 indicate the "safe" state.

Ein Meldesystem 1, das nur zwei Komponenten des Feldstärkevektors misst, kann zum einen günstiger realisiert werden und zum anderen erlaubt es eine leichtere Beurteilung des zu überwachenden Zustands. Die Magnetkomponente(n) können für solche Melder so über dem Sensorelement angeordnet werden, dass ihre Pole sich in derselben Entfernung, also parallel zur Sensorkomponente 6 und somit zur Messebene, befinden. Das Magnetfeld ist in seiner Ausrichtung in dieser Ebene jedoch bis zum Zeitpunkt des Einlernens völlig variabel. Zur Bewertung der Orientierung können als Sensorkomponenten 6 einzelne Winkelsensoren, jeweils zwei einzelne Feldstärkesensoren oder einzelne zweiachsig messende Feldstärkesensoren verwendet werden. Das jeweils angelegte Magnetfeld wird bei einem solchen Meldesystem 1 ebenfalls immer mit den eingelernten Werten verglichen. Der Hauptvergleich überprüft die Codierung, also das Verhältnis der Vektorkomponenten zueinander (bzw. den daraus errechenbaren Winkel des Magnetfeldes). Eine weitere Beurteilung erfolgt durch Betrachtung des Betrages der beiden gemessenen Komponenten. Bei Verwendung eines Winkelsensors ist in diesem Zusammenhang darauf zu achten, dass nicht der aufbereitete Winkel, sondern die gemessenen Einzelkomponenten, also zur magnetischen Feldstärke proportionale Werte, ausgegeben werden. Die Länge des aus diesen beiden Komponenten bestimmten Teilvektors erlaubt die Beurteilung der Entfernung des Magnetelements. Ein zu schwaches Feld lässt auf ein weiter entferntes Magnetelement schließen und verursacht den Zustand "Geöffnet", ein zu starkes Feld deutet auf eine Beeinflussung des Meldeelements hin und verursacht den Zustand "Sabotage".A reporting system 1, which measures only two components of the field strength vector, can be implemented more favorably on the one hand and, on the other hand, makes it easier to assess the state to be monitored. For such detectors, the magnetic component (s) can be arranged above the sensor element such that their poles are at the same distance, ie parallel to the sensor component 6 and thus to the measuring plane. However, the magnetic field is completely variable in its orientation in this plane until the time of learning. For evaluating the orientation, 6 single angle sensors, two individual field strength sensors or single biaxial measuring field strength sensors can be used as sensor components. The respectively applied magnetic field is also always compared with the learned values in such a reporting system 1. The main comparison checks the coding, ie the ratio of the vector components to each other (or the angle of the magnetic field which can be calculated from this). A further assessment is made by considering the amount of the two measured components. When using an angle sensor, it must be ensured that not the processed angle but the measured individual components, ie values proportional to the magnetic field strength, are output. The length of the part vector determined from these two components allows the judgment of the removal of the magnetic element. Too small a field indicates a more distant magnetic element and causes the state "open", too strong a field indicates an influence on the reporting element and causes the state "sabotage".

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Meldesystemreporting system
22
Meldeelementsignaling element
44
Magnetelementmagnetic element
66
Sensoreinheitsensor unit
88th
Aufnahmeadmission
1010
Magnetmagnet
1212
LED-LampeLed lamp
1414
Platinecircuit board
1616
Abhebekontaktlifting contact

Claims (4)

  1. Alarm system (1) comprising an alarm element (2), which is fastened on or in a stationary element, and a magnet element (4), which is arranged on or in an element which is movable relative to the stationary element, the alarm element (2) comprising a sensor unit (6) and the magnet element (2) being designed to generate a magnetic and/or electric field, the sensor unit (6) being designed to measure both the field strength and the orientation of the magnetic and/or electric field in the space, characterised in that the magnet element (4) comprises a holder (8) for the source of the magnetic and/or electric field, which holder has n markings thereon, n being > 1.
  2. Alarm system (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor unit (6) comprises two Hall sensors which are arranged at an angle α relative to one another that is different from 0° or different from 180°.
  3. Alarm system (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the angle α is approximately 90°.
  4. Alarm system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the holder (8) has eight markings thereon.
EP13185605.6A 2012-09-21 2013-09-23 Reporting system Active EP2711905B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102012217098.7A DE102012217098A1 (en) 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 reporting system

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US20170356758A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2017-12-14 Mark Aylesbury Position monitoring device and method
US9523567B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2016-12-20 Google Inc. Guided installation for an opening sensor
EP3107077B1 (en) * 2015-06-18 2020-02-19 Cooper CSA S.r.l. Anti-intrusion detecting method to be applied to doors or windows and related anti-intrusion system
US10593170B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2020-03-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Door/window magnetic sensing device and method of installing
AU2019373983B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2022-04-14 Assa Abloy Ab Determining an extent of opening of an openable barrier based on a magnetic sensor

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US6310549B1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2001-10-30 Digitech International Wireless security system
DE102005018826B3 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-05 Robert Seuffer Gmbh & Co. Kg Closing unit e.g. window sash, position e.g. opening, detecting device, has latch whose respective position within fitting are detected with magnetic field strength of permanent magnetic field measured in two space perpendicular directions

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4218950A1 (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-02 Poyntington Holdings Ltd A self-testing fire door

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EP2711905A2 (en) 2014-03-26
DE102012217098A1 (en) 2014-03-27
ES2730204T3 (en) 2019-11-08

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