EP2711414A1 - Stabilisation of capsule systems in detergent and cleaning compositions - Google Patents
Stabilisation of capsule systems in detergent and cleaning compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2711414A1 EP2711414A1 EP12184985.5A EP12184985A EP2711414A1 EP 2711414 A1 EP2711414 A1 EP 2711414A1 EP 12184985 A EP12184985 A EP 12184985A EP 2711414 A1 EP2711414 A1 EP 2711414A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polyacrylate
- detergents
- acid
- capsules
- rheology modifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940118846 witch hazel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJYLAHXKWMRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zingerone Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCC(C)=O)=CC=C1O OJYLAHXKWMRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
- C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
- C11D3/505—Protected perfumes encapsulated or adsorbed on a carrier, e.g. zeolite or clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1266—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/382—Vegetable products, e.g. soya meal, wood flour, sawdust
Definitions
- the invention relates to stabilizing systems for capsules in detergents and cleaners, wherein the capsules contain active ingredients or ingredients and have an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1000 microns.
- liquid detergents and cleaners can cause problems. For example, incompatibilities between the individual active ingredient components of the liquid detergents and cleaners may occur. This can lead to undesirable discoloration, agglomeration, odor problems and destruction of detergent active ingredients.
- active ingredients eg bleaches, enzymes, perfumes, dyes, etc.
- liquid detergents and cleaning agents which, even after storage and transport, develop optimally at the time of use. This implies that the ingredients of the liquid detergent and cleaning agent have previously neither sedimented, decomposed or volatilized.
- detergents and cleaners may contain the following active ingredients and ingredients which can be encapsulated: softeners, fragrances, pH adjusters, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-crease agents, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides , Antioxidants, antistatic agents, ironing aids, repellents and impregnating agents, bleaching agents, acidifying agents and UV absorbers; just to name a few.
- the stabilization of the capsule in formulations often presents a challenge.
- Fragrances are an essential ingredient in the formulation for detergents and cleaners. So laundry should have a pleasant and fresh fragrance both in the wet and in the dry state. Therefore, it is expedient that fragrances have a good absorption on the fiber and stick to it, then releasing the fragrances releasing again, so that the laundry over a longer period of time gives off a pleasant fragrance. The demands on fragrances are therefore quite high.
- the fundamental problem with the use of fragrances is that fragrances are volatile substances. This property, however, also causes its scent effect. It is therefore in the use of fragrances in textile and surface treatment agents with the challenge this to stabilize volatile fumes long enough so that they do not all evaporate within a very short time and no longer produce a fragrance effect.
- fragrances should evaporate after cleaning within a certain period of time, thereby causing a long-lasting and constant as possible fragrance effect.
- a problem with fragrances is the fact that the fragrance of a perfume changes over time, because the fragrances that represent the fresh and light notes of the perfume vaporize faster by their high vapor pressure than the fragrances that represent the heart and base notes. Therefore, fragrances are often encapsulated to stabilize the fragrance impression over a longer period of time.
- the capsules which are such fragrances, but also other ingredients that are common for detergents and cleaners, usually after a long time, sediment or frame and thus destroy the stability of the formulation.
- ESS external structuring system for the stabilization of aqueous detergents and cleaners.
- the ESS comprises glyceride crystals, preferably of hardened castor oils, alkanolamines and anions derived from anionic surfactants.
- liquid aqueous cleaning agents containing at least 2 wt.% Triethanolaminlaurylsulfat, a total of 8 to 50 wt.% Surfactant and 0.1 to 5 wt.% Suspended phase, for example, contain spherical capsules with a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, and a pH Value of 5.5 to 11.
- a homogeneous distribution of the suspended phase is achieved by using water-soluble acrylic acid polymers such as Carbopol 941.
- One way to suspend particles or capsules in a liquid is to use structured liquids.
- structured liquids A distinction is made between internal and external structuring.
- External structuring can be achieved, for example, by using structuring gums such as, for example, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, gellan gum, wellan gum or carrageenan or of polyacrylate thickeners.
- liquid detergents in which the particles are suspended are transparent or at least translucent.
- structuring gums often leads to cloudy composition.
- WO 2000/036078 A1 describes transparent / translucent liquid detergents which are capable of suspending particles having a size of 300 to 5000 microns, comprising at least 15 wt .-% of surfactant and 0.01 to 5 wt.% Of a polymeric gum.
- a disadvantage of using these structurizing or thickening agents is their sensitivity to ionic compounds, in particular to the anionic surfactants which are obligatory in cleaning applications.
- anionic surfactants which are obligatory in cleaning applications.
- drastic increases in viscosity can occur, which greatly impair the handling of the detergents and cleaners (for example, pumping, pouring or metering).
- This stabilization system should not only ensure a good storage stability of the formulation, but also build a network in the formulation that hold the capsules with the active ingredients and ingredients in the balance so that they do not sediment or cream in the formulation.
- the object was also to provide a stabilization system that can be temporarily suspended by slight mechanical action, and is rebuilt after a short time when the formulation is back in hibernation. This ensures easy dosing without destabilizing the formulation and rapid re-stabilization of the capsules in the formulation once the mechanical action is removed.
- compositions have been found which are suitable as stabilizing systems for such capsules in detergents and cleaners.
- the stabilizing systems of the present invention are particularly suitable for capsules having an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1 mm.
- a stabilization system according to the invention comprises at least one rheology modifier which is selected from the group consisting of hardened castor oils, cured castor waxes, polyacrylates, sheet silicates or mixtures thereof.
- the present invention relates to stabilizing systems for capsules in detergents and cleaners containing active ingredients and ingredients, the capsules having an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1 mm.
- the stabilizing systems of the invention comprise at least one rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of cured castor oils, cured castor waxes, polyacrylates, layered silicates, or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred polyacrylates are latex polyacrylates, anionic polyacrylate emulsions, polyacrylate dispersions and polymers of the type ASE or polymers of the HASE type.
- the core of the capsules preferably comprises active ingredients and ingredients for care, conditioning and / or aftertreatment of textiles and includes, preferably substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, builders, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, grayness inhibitors, foam inhibitors, inorganic salts , Solvents, pH adjusters, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, silicone oils, soil release compounds, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, wrinkle inhibitors, dye transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, swelling and anti-slip agents, UV stabilizers Absorbers, Acidifiers.
- the capsules have an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1000 .mu.m, preferably 1 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, more preferably 5 .mu.m to 75 .mu.m, most preferably 10 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m.
- These capsules can be stabilized particularly well in softeners and cleaning agents by the stabilizing systems according to the invention.
- a washing and cleaning agent contains a stabilizing system for capsules which comprises at least one rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of hardened castor oils, hardened castor waxes, polyacrylates, sheet silicates or mixtures thereof.
- Castor waxes having a melting point range of 60 to 85 ° C. and a saponification number of 175 to 185, an acid number of 2 to 4 and a saponification number of 175 to 185 and an iodine number of about 4 are preferably used as rheology modifiers.
- Preferred castor oils used as rheology modifiers have a saponification number of 186 to 203, a hydroxyl number of 160 to 168 and an iodine number of 81 to 100.
- the castor oil consists of a mixture of several compounds, the composition of which is as follows: oleic acid from 3.6 to 9% by weight, linoleic acid from 3 to 5% by weight, linolenic acid to about 4% by weight, ricinoleic acid from 77 to 83% by weight, palmitic acid from 0 to 1.6% by weight, stearic acid from 1.5 to 3% by weight and vaccenic acid, arachidic acid and eicosenoic acid below 1% by weight.
- the data in percent by weight are based on the total mixture (castor oil).
- Suitable castor waxes and castor oils which can be used as rheology modifiers in the present invention are available under the tradename Thixcin ® (INCI: 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate) from Elementis Specialitis and Castor oil or Castor Wax product line from Acme Hardesty Co. (eg Acme Wax 225, Acme Wax 224, Acme Wax TGA etc.).
- Suitable polyacrylates are, for example, the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, in particular an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI name according to the International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients of The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA): Carbomer ), also referred to as carboxyvinyl polymers.
- a polyalkenyl polyether in particular an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene
- CFA Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association
- Such polyacrylic acids are obtainable inter alia from Fa.
- Polygel ® such as Polygel ® 400 and Polygel ® 301 and from Lubrizol under the trade name Carbopol ®, such as Carbopol ® 940 (molecular weight about 4,000,000), Carbopol ® 941 (molecular weight approximately 1,250,000) or Carbopol ® 934 (molecular weight about 3,000,000), Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer.
- Polygel ® 400 and Polygel ® 301 and Carbopol ® Aqua are preferably 30 polymer.
- Suitable silicates are preferably phyllosilicates, which consists of a mixture of several components.
- a sheet silicate preferably contains the following composition: 40% to 60% SiO 2, 20% to 30% MgO, 0.3% to 0.9% Li 2 O, 1.5% to 3% Na 2 O, such a sheet silicate preferably having a BET of 345 m 2 / g to 390 m 2 / g.
- Particularly preferred sheet silicates whose composition consists of 50% to 60% SiO 2, 25% to 28% MgO, 0.5% to 0.8% Li 2 O, 2.0% to 2.8% Na 2 O, and preferably a BET of 355 m 2 / g to 380 m 2 / g has.
- sheet silicates which consist of 59.5% SiO 2, 27.5% MgO, 0.8% LiO 2 and 2.8% Na 2 O, and has a BET of 370 m 2 / g and a pH of 9.8 (2% suspension).
- Suitable layer silicates which are used as rheology modifiers in the present invention are available under the trade name Laponite ® OG, Laponite ® EP, Laponite ® RD from Rockwood.
- the stabilization system according to the invention comprises, as rheology modifier, 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate or a mixture of phyllosilicates with polyacrylates, in particular HASE polymers or ASE polymers.
- stabilization system of the invention includes 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate as a rheology modifier, which is preferably Thixcin ®.
- the stabilization system according to the invention comprises as a rheology modifier a mixture of a layered silicate with a polyacrylate, wherein the layered silicate preferably has the following composition: about 40 to 60% by weight SiO 2 , about 20 to 30% by weight MgO, about 0.3 to 0.9 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 1.5 to 3 wt .-% Na 2 O, wherein such a layered silicate is preferably a BET of about 345 to 390 m 2 / g.
- the stabilization system according to the invention comprises as rheology modifier a HASE polymer or an ASE polymer.
- the polyacrylate (INCI :) is Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, which is preferably Novethix TM L-10 Polymer.
- the stabilization system according to the invention comprises, as rheology modifier, a polyacrylate such that a latex is polyacrylate, in particular an anionic polyacrylate emulsion, which is preferably W 301 polyalkylene.
- the stabilization system of the invention comprises, as a rheology modifier, a polyacrylate which is a polyacrylate emulsion comprising about 30% by weight of active material, which is preferably W400 polyurea.
- stabilization system of the invention comprises a polyacrylate as a rheology modifier that is a crosslinked polyacrylate which, which is preferably Carbopol ® Aqua is about 30wt.% Active material comprising 30 polymer.
- the phyllosilicate consists of 59.5% by weight of SiO 2 , 27.5% by weight of MgO, 0.8% by weight of Li 2 O and 2.8% by weight of Na 2 O and has a BET of 370 m 2 / g and a pH of 9.8 (2% suspension).
- the layered silicate Laponite ® OG to use.
- the amount of phyllosilicate in relation to the polyacrylate is preferably from 0.025: 1 to 1:50, preferably from 0.05: 1 to 1:20, very particularly preferably from 0.075: 1-1: 13.3.
- the active substances and ingredients in the capsules to be stabilized are preferably selected from the group consisting of fragrances, builders, bleach activators, enzymes, grayness inhibitors, dyes, hydrotopes, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants.
- these active substances and ingredients are fragrances, builders and enzymes. Very particular preference is given to containing fragrances in the capsules.
- the invention further relates to the use of the stabilization system according to the invention, comprising at least one rheology modifier, for the production of detergents and cleaners.
- the ingredients of the capsules are preferably fragrances which are selected from the group of aldehyde, ketone fragrances, prodrugs or mixtures thereof.
- the fragrance capsules in the detergent and cleaner are stabilized by the rheology modifier such that the capsules do not sediment or rise, but are held in suspension.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one rheology modifier, namely 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate or a mixture of layered silicates with polyacrylates, preferably HASE polymers or ASE polymers for stabilizing perfume capsules in laundry and cleaning agents.
- at least one rheology modifier namely 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate or a mixture of layered silicates with polyacrylates, preferably HASE polymers or ASE polymers for stabilizing perfume capsules in laundry and cleaning agents.
- the rheology modifier comprises 2,3-bis-propyl 12 hydroxyoctadecanoate (12 hydroxyoctadecanoloxy), which is preferably Thixcin ®.
- the rheology modifier comprises a mixture of a layered silicate with a polyacrylate, wherein the layered silicate preferably has the following composition: about 40 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2 , about 20 to 30 wt .-% MgO, about 0.3 to 0.9 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 1.5 to 3 wt .-% Na 2 O, wherein such a layered silicate is preferably a BET of about 345 to 390 m 2 / g.
- the polyacrylate is a HASE polymer or an ASE polymer.
- the polyacrylate (INCI :) is Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, which is preferably Novethix TM L-10 Polymer.
- the polyacrylate is a latex polyacrylate, in particular an anionic polyacrylate emulsion, which is preferably the W 301 polymer.
- the polyacrylate is a polyacrylate emulsion comprising about 30% by weight of active material, which is preferably W400 polyurea.
- the polyacrylate is a crosslinked polyacrylate dispersion comprising about 30 wt .-% of active material, the preferred Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer.
- the layered silicate consists of 59.5 wt .-% SiO 2 , 27.5 wt .-% MgO, 0.8 wt .-% Li 2 O and 2.8% Na 2 O and has a BET of about 370 m 2 / g and a pH of 9.8 (2% suspension).
- the Schichsilikat Laponite ® OG to use.
- the present invention also relates to detergents and cleaners which comprise at least one rheology modifier for stabilizing capsules having an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1 mm.
- the rheology modifier is preferably selected from the group consisting of cured castor oils, cured castor waxes, layered silicates, polyacrylates, or mixtures thereof, wherein the polyacrylates are preferably latex polyacrylates, polyacrylate emulsions, polyacrylate dispersions, or hare or ASE polymers.
- Detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention are preferably present as liquid emulsions, suspensions or dispersions and contain Rheology modifier in the range of 0.01% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1% by weight to 30% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 0.15% by weight to 25% by weight, on the whole Preparation.
- Preferred liquid detergents and cleaners contain the polyacrylate in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, and preferably about 0.15 to 5 wt .-%.
- the ratio of phyllosilicates to polyacrylate in the detergents and cleaners of the invention is preferably from about 0.025: 1 to 1:50, preferably from about 0.05: 1 to 1:20, most preferably from about 0.075: 1-1: 13.3.
- detergents and cleaners according to the invention may contain a solvent component comprising dipropylene glycol.
- the solvent component comprises dipropylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol.
- the ratio of dipropylene glycol to 1,2-propanediol is advantageously between 3: 1 and 1: 3 and is most preferably 1: 1.
- the amount of the solvent component based on the total amount of the detergent and cleaning agent is about 0.5 to 15 Wt .-% and preferably about 2 to 9 wt .-%.
- the detergents and cleaners are particularly preferably aqueous, that is to say they have a water content of greater than 5% by weight, preferably greater than 15% by weight and more preferably greater than 25% by weight.
- active ingredients and ingredients contained in the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention are described in detail below. However, the list of such active ingredients and ingredients is not limiting and may include other active ingredients and ingredients that are not further discussed below.
- perfumes or perfume oils which can be incorporated into the compositions are not subject to any restrictions.
- perfumes individual fragrance compounds, both synthetic or natural compounds of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, acids, carbonic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated and / or unsaturated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof can be used.
- As fragrant aldehydes orWketone thereby all usual fragrance aldehydes and fragrance ketones can be used, which are typically used to bring about a pleasant fragrance sensation.
- Suitable fragrance aldehydes and fragrance ketones are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the fragrance ketones can all comprise ketones which can impart a desired fragrance or sensation of freshness.
- the ketone may be selected from the group consisting of buccoxime, iso-jasmon, methyl-beta-naphthyl ketone, musk indanone, tartaloid / musk plus, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, delta-damascone, iso-damascone, damascenone, damarose, Methyl dihydrojasmonate, menthone, carvone, camphor, fenchone, alphalons, beta-ionone, dihydro-beta-ionone, gamma-methyl so-called ionone, fleuramon, dihydrojasmon, cis-jasmone, iso-e-super, methyl-cedrenyl ketone or methyl-cedrylon, acetophenone, methyl-acetophenone, para-methoxy-aceto
- the ketones may be selected from alpha damascone, delta damascone, iso damascone, carvone, gamma-methyl-ionone, iso-E-super, 2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-one, benzylacetone , Beta Damascone, Damascenone, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, Methyl Cedrylon, Hedione and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable fragrance aldehydes may be any aldehydes which, in accordance with the fragrance ketones, impart a desired fragrance or sensation of freshness. In turn, they may be individual aldehydes or aldehyde mixtures. Suitable aldehydes are, for example, Melonal, Triplal, Ligustral, Adoxal, Anisaldehyde, Cymal, Ethylvanillin, Florhydral, Floralozon, Helional, Heliotropin, Hydroxycitronellal, Koavon, Laurinaldehyde, Canthoxal, Lyral, Lilial, Adoxal, Anisaldehyde, Cumal Methyl-nonyl-acetaldehyde, Citronellal , Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Bourgeonal, p, t-Bucinal, Phenylacetaldehyde, Undecylenaldehyde, Vanillin; 2,6,
- the fragrance aldehydes and fragrance ketones may have an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, ethylenically unsaturated structure or a combination of these structures. There may also be further heteroatoms or polycyclic structures. The structures may have suitable substituents such as hydroxyl or amino groups.
- suitable fragrances selected from Aldehydes and ketones is on Steffen Arctander "Published 1960 and 1969, respectively, Reprinted 2000 ISBN: Aroma Chemicals Vol. 1: 0-931710-37-5 . Aroma Chemicals Vol. 2: 0-931710-38-3 ", directed.
- Suitable fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate (DMBCA), phenylethylacetate, benzylacetate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate, benzylsalicylate, cyclohexylsalicylate, floramate, melusate and jasmacyclate.
- Fragrance compounds of the hydrocarbon type are known e.g.
- Suitable fragrances of the ether type are, for example, benzyl ethyl ether and ambroxan.
- Suitable perfume alcohols are, for example, 10-undecen-1-ol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol, 2-methylbutanol, 2-methylpentanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-phenylpropanol, 2-tert-butycyclohexanol, 3,5,5- Trimethylcyclohexanol, 3-hexanol, 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-heptenol, 4-isopropylcyclohexanol, 4-tert-butycyclohexanol, 6,8-dimethyl 2-nonanol, 6-nonen-1-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol
- Fragrances or perfume oils can also be natural fragrance mixtures, as are obtainable from plant sources, for example pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are Muscat sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil, and orange blossom oil, neroli oil, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- Essential oils such as angelica root oil, aniseed oil, arnica blossom oil, basil oil, bay oil, champacabell oil, fir pine oil, pinecone oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, pine needle oil, galbanum oil, geranium oil, ginger grass oil, guaiac wood oil, gurdybum oil, helichrysum oil, Ho oil, ginger oil, iris oil, cajeput oil, calamus oil, camomile oil, camphor oil, kanga oil, cardamom oil, cassia oil, pine oil, copaiba balsam, coriander oil, spearmint oil, caraway oil, cumin oil, lavender oil, lemongrass oil, lime oil, tangerine oil, lemon balm oil, musk nut oil, myrrh oil, Clove oil, Neroli oil, Niaouli oil, Olibanum oil, Origanum oil, Palmarosa oil, Patchouli oil, Peru balsam
- perfume precursors are compounds which release a desired odor and / or perfume molecule by the breaking of a chemical bond, for example by hydrolysis.
- a desired perfume raw material is chemically combined with a carrier, preferably a slightly volatile or moderately volatile carrier.
- the combination results in a less volatile and more hydrophobic perfume precursor with improved attachment to fabrics.
- the perfume is then released by breaking the bond between the perfume raw material and the carrier, for example, by a change in pH (eg, by perspiration upon wear), humidity, heat and / or sunlight during storage or drying on the skin Clothes line.
- the perfume raw material for use in perfume precursors are typically saturated or unsaturated volatile compounds containing an alcohol, an aldehyde and / or a ketone group. Fragrance raw materials useful herein include any fragrant substances or mixtures of substances already described above.
- R is hydrogen, linear C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 -alkyl, cyclic C 3 -C 20 -alkyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, linear C 6 -C 20 -alkenyl, branched C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, cyclic C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, and mixtures thereof; R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently linear, branched or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl; linear, branched or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic alkyl; substituted or substitute
- usable perfume precursors are acetals or ketals, preferably obeying the formula (IV) RC (R 1 ) (OR 3 ) -OR 2 (IV) wherein R is linear C 1 -C 20 alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 -alkyl, cyclic C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, linear C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, branched C 3 -C 20 alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 cyclic alkenyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 -aryl is C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, and mixtures thereof, substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 is hydrogen or R; R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of linear C 1 -C 20 alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 alkyl, cyclic C 3 -C 20 alkyl,
- usable fragrance precursor obey the formula (V) R 4 OC (OR 1 ) (OR 3 ) -OR 2 (V) wherein R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are independently linear, branched or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl; linear, branched or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 20 cyclic alkyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 -aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 40 -alkyleneoxy; substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 40 alkyleneoxyalkyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 40 alkylene aryl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 32 -aryloxy; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 40 alkyleneoxyaryl; C 6 -C 40 oxyalkylene aryl; and mixtures
- the fragrances used comprise silicic acid ester mixtures.
- Silica esters are represented, for example, by the formula (V) R - (- O-Si (OR) 2 -) n -OR (V) wherein R independently of one another is selected from the group which contains H, straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 -hydrocarbon radicals and the perfume alcohol radicals and / or biocide alcohol radicals, and m values from the range 1 to 20 and n assumes values from the range 2 to 100.
- the silicic acid esters of the formulas preferably contain at least one perfume alcohol residue and / or biocide alcohol residue.
- the silicic ester mixtures can be encapsulated, but also used without encapsulation.
- the presence of silicic ester mixtures often leads to the fact that the achievable fragrance impression, both in terms of pleasure and intensity, can be further improved.
- the fragrance impression is not only qualitative, d. H. As far as pleasing, better, but also longer.
- the silicic acid ester mixtures may also be contained in the microcapsules. If the silicic acid ester mixtures in the microcapsules preferably make up at least 2% by weight of the total encapsulated amount of fragrance,% by weight, based on the amount of the encapsulated fragrances, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a further improvement in the desired fragrance effect causes the drying.
- Particularly suitable perfume precursors are reaction products of compounds comprising at least one primary and / or secondary amine group, for example, an amino-functional polymer, especially an amino-functional silicone, and a perfume ingredient selected from ketone, aldehyde, and mixtures thereof.
- an amino-functional polymer especially an amino-functional silicone
- a perfume ingredient selected from ketone, aldehyde, and mixtures thereof is particularly suitable.
- the total amount of fragrances in the washing and cleaning agent according to the invention is preferably between 0.01 and 5 wt.%, Particularly preferably between 0.1 and 3 wt.% And most preferably between 0.5 and 2 wt.% Based on the total amount of the composition.
- the total amount of the at least one perfume is the amount of all the perfumes in the mixture together relative to the total amount of the agent.
- fragrances and perfume oils are preferably encapsulated, so that the stabilizing system according to the invention for capsules is used thereon.
- the liquid detergents may contain further commercial constituents, such as, for example, surfactants, builders, bleaches, bleach activators, thickeners, enzymes, electrolytes, pH adjusters, dyes and fragrances, foam inhibitors, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-crease agents, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, Antioxidants, antistatic agents, UV adsorbers, heavy metal complexing agents and the like.
- surfactants builders, bleaches, bleach activators, thickeners, enzymes, electrolytes, pH adjusters, dyes and fragrances
- foam inhibitors antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-crease agents, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, Antioxidants, antistatic agents, UV adsorbers, heavy metal complexing agents and the like.
- anionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants and branched alkyl sulfates can be used in addition to the nonionic surfactants.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C12-14 alcohols with 3 EO, 4 EO or 7 EO, C9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C13-5 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C12 Alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C12-4 alcohol with 3 EO and C12-8 alcohol with 7 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution
- nonionic surfactants include fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- Nonionic surfactants containing EO and PO groups together in the molecule can also be used according to the invention.
- block copolymers with EO-PO block units or PO-EO block units can be used, but also EO-PO-EO copolymers or PO-EO-PO copolymers.
- mixed alkoxylated nonionic surfactants in which EO and PO units are not distributed in blocks, but randomly. Such products are available by the simultaneous action of ethylene and propylene oxide on fatty alcohols.
- alkylpolyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants which can be used to advantage for the production of detergents or cleaners are the alkylpolyglycosides (APG).
- APG alkylpolyglycosides
- Usable Alkypolyglycoside satisfy the general formula RO (G) Z, in which R is a linear or branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable for the preparation of the detergents or cleaners.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
- polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula R-CO-N (R1) - [Z] in which RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z ] represents a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula R-CO-N (R 1 -O-R 2 [Z] in which R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic one Alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein C1-4-alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred and [Z] is is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical.
- R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 is a linear, branche
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or Xylose
- a sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or Xylose
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be prepared by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in Presence of an alkoxide can be converted as a catalyst into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
- the content of nonionic surfactants is the liquid detergents and cleaners preferably 5 to 30 wt.%, Preferably 7 to 20 wt.% And in particular 9 to 15 wt.%, Each based on the total agent.
- anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used.
- surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C9-3-alkylbenzenesulfonates, Olefinsulfonate, i. Mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as obtained for example from C12-8 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation, into consideration.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-8 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of alpha-sulfo fatty acids for example the alpha-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- sulfonation of unsaturated fatty acids for example oleic acid, in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3 wt .-%.
- unsaturated fatty acids for example oleic acid
- alpha-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters which have an alkyl chain with not more than 4 C atoms in the ester group, for example methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester and butyl ester.
- the methyl esters of the alpha - sulfo fatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts are used.
- Suitable further anionic surfactants are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example N-methyltaurine (Tauride) and / or N-methylglycine (sarcosides). Particularly preferred are the sarcosides or the sarcosinates and here especially sarcosinates of higher and optionally monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate.
- sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C12-C18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C10-C20 oxo alcohols and those half esters secondary Alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C12-C16 alkyl sulfates and C12-C15 alkyl sulfates and C14-C15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
- 2,3-Alkyl sulfates which can be obtained, for example, as commercial products of the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN (R), are suitable anionic surfactants.
- sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide straight-chain or branched C7-21 alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched C9-11 alcohols with im Average 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C12-18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below).
- Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred.
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Particularly preferred anionic surfactants are soaps.
- Suitable are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, (hydrogenated) erucic acid and behenic acid and, in particular, soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel, olive oil or tallow fatty acids.
- the anionic surfactants may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- the content of preferred liquid detergents and cleaners to anionic surfactants is 1 to 30 wt.%, Preferably 4 to 25 wt.% And in particular 5 to 22 wt.%, Each based on the total agent. It is particularly preferred that the amount of fatty acid soap is at least 2% by weight and more preferably at least 3% by weight and especially preferably at least 4% by weight.
- gemini surfactants which may be used to prepare the detergents or cleaners according to the invention are so-called gemini surfactants. These are generally understood as meaning those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per molecule. These groups are usually separated by a so-called "spacer". This spacer is typically a carbon chain that should be long enough for the hydrophilic groups to be spaced sufficiently apart for them to act independently of each other. Such surfactants are generally characterized by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In exceptional cases, however, the term gemini surfactants is understood to mean not only dimeric but also trimeric surfactants.
- Gemini surfactants for the preparation of detergents or cleaners are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers according to the German patent application DE-A-43 21 022 or dimer alcohol bis- and tri-alcohol tris-sulfates and ether sulfates according to the German patent application DE-A-195 03 061 , End-capped dimeric and trimeric mixed ethers according to the German patent application DE-A-195 13 391 They are characterized by their bi- and multi-functionality. So possess the mentioned end disabilityver constaen Surfactants good wetting properties and are low in foam, so that they are particularly suitable for use in machine washing or cleaning processes.
- the total surfactant content of the liquid washing and cleaning agent is preferably below 40% by weight and more preferably below 35% by weight, based on the total liquid detergent and cleaning agent.
- Suitable builders or builders which may be present in the liquid detergents and cleaners are, in particular, silicates, aluminum silicates (in particular zeolites), carbonates, organic cobuilders, phosphates, salts of organic di- and polycarboxylic acids and mixtures of these substances.
- Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 * H2O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both beta and delta sodium disilicates Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O are preferred.
- amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties.
- the dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying.
- the term "amorphous” is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous”.
- the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays which have a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, with values of up to a maximum of 50 nm and in particular up to a maximum of 20 nm being preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.
- a useful fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP TM (commercial product of Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are particularly preferred.
- Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ) marketed by the company SASOL under the trade name VEGOBOND AX (R) and by the formula n Na 2 O * (1-n) K 2 O * Al 2 O 3. (2-2.5) * SiO 2.
- the zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or else as undried, still moist, stabilized suspension of its preparation.
- the zeolite may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols having 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, C 12 -C 14 fatty alcohols containing 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- phosphates as builders are possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons.
- Suitable builders are organic cobuilders, in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins and also phosphonates.
- Polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units for example those containing as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers Salts of acrylic acid and 2-Alkylallylsulfonsaeure and sugar derivatives.
- copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursors.
- polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives which, in addition to co-builder properties, also have a bleach-stabilizing action.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- dextrins for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes.
- it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- a product oxidized at C6 of the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.
- a preferred dextrin is in the British patent application GB 9,419,091 B1 described.
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- Such oxidized dextrins and methods of their preparation are, for example, from the European patent applications EP 032202 A . EP 0427349 A . EP 0472042 A and EP 0542496 A as well as the international patent applications WO 1992/018542 A . WO 1993/008251 A . WO 1994/028030 A . WO 1995/007303 A . WO 1995/012619 A and WO 1995/020608 A known.
- a product oxidized to C 6 of the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.
- Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates are other suitable co-builders.
- ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context, as described, for example, in US Pat US 4,524,009 . US 4,639,325 In the European patent application EP 0150930 A and Japanese Patent Application JP 1993/339896 A to be discribed.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- Such co-builders are described, for example, in the international patent application WO 1995/020029 A described.
- phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder.
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
- Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B.
- the builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular when the detergents and cleaners also contain bleach, it is preferable to use aminoalkane phosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned for the preparation of the compositions.
- polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts
- polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
- these are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents and / or cleaning agents.
- citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
- bleach activators may be incorporated into the detergents and cleaners be incorporated.
- bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2 , 5-dihydrofuran.
- TAED tetraacetylethylened
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the fabric treatment agents.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
- a liquid detergent and cleanser may contain a thickener.
- the thickener may include, for example, a polyacrylate thickener, xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, alginate, carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonites, wellan gum, locust bean gum, agar-agar, tragacanth, gum arabic, pectins, polyoses, starch, dextrins, gelatin and casein include.
- modified natural substances such as modified starches and celluloses, exemplified here carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose ethers, called hydroxyethyl and propyl cellulose and gum ethers, can be used as a thickener.
- the polyacrylic and polymethacrylic thickeners include, for example, the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, in particular an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI name according to the International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients of The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA) ": carbomer), also referred to as carboxyvinyl polymers.
- CFA Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association
- Such polyacrylic acids are obtainable inter alia from Fa. 3V Sigma under the tradename Polygel ® such as Polygel DA, and by the company.
- Carbopol ® for example, Carbopol 940 (molecular weight about 4,000,000), Carbopol 941 (molecular weight 1,250,000) or Carbopol 934 (molecular weight about 3,000,000).
- acrylic acid copolymers are included: (i) Copolymers of two or more monomers from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple, preferably with C1- 4-alkanols formed esters (INCI AcrylatesCopolymer), which include about the copolymers of methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS designation according to Chemical Abstracts Service: 25035-69-2) or of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS 25852-37-3) and which are, for example, by the company.
- ICI AcrylatesCopolymer which include about the copolymers of methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS designation according to Chemical Abstracts Service: 25035-69-2) or of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS 25852-37-3) and which are, for example, by the company.
- Carbopol ® eg the hydrophobic Carbopol ETD 2623 and Carbopol 1382 (INCI Acrylates / C10-30Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) and Carbopol Aqua 30 (formerly Carbopol EX 473).
- xanthan gum a microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by xanthomonascampestris and some other species under aerobic conditions and having a molecular weight of 2 to 15 million daltons.
- Xanthan is formed from a chain of beta-1,4-linked glucose (cellulose) with side chains.
- the structure of the subgroups consists of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, acetate and pyruvate, the number of pyruvate units determining the viscosity of the xanthan gum.
- a fatty alcohol is also suitable as thickener. Fatty alcohols may be branched or unbranched, of native or of petrochemical origin.
- Preferred fatty alcohols have a C chain length of 10 to 20 C atoms, preferably 12 to 18. Preference is given to using mixtures of different C chain lengths, such as tallow fatty alcohol or coconut oil fatty alcohol. Examples are Lorol® ® Special (C12-14 ROH) or Lorol® ® Technical (C12-18 ROH) (both ex Cognis).
- Preferred liquid detergents and cleaners contain 0.01 to 3% by weight, and preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, of thickening agent, based on the total agent. The amount of thickener used depends on the type of thickener and the desired degree of thickening.
- the detergents and cleaning agents may contain enzymes in encapsulated form and / or directly in the washing and cleaning agent.
- Suitable enzymes are, in particular, those from the classes of the hydrolases, such as the proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases, hemicellulases, cutinases, beta-glucanases, oxidases, peroxidases, perhydrolases and / or laccases and mixtures the enzymes mentioned in question. All of these hydrolases in the wash contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, greasy or starchy stains and graying.
- cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases contribute to color retention and to increasing the softness of the fabric by removing pilling and microfibrils.
- Oxireductases can also be used for bleaching or inhibiting color transfer.
- Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus and Humicolainsolens derived enzymatic agents.
- subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used.
- enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but in particular protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of particular interest.
- lipolytic acting enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases.
- Suitable amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.
- Cellulases used are preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and p-glucosidases, which are also cellobiases, or mixtures of these. Since different cellulase types differ by their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.
- the enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers to protect against premature degradation.
- the proportion of enzymes, of the enzyme liquid formulation (s) or of the enzyme granules directly in detergents and cleaners can be, for example, about 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.12 to about 2.5% by weight.
- washing and cleaning agent contains no enzymes.
- electrolytes from the group of inorganic salts a wide number of different salts can be used.
- Preferred cations are the alkali and alkaline earth metals, preferred anions are the halides and sulfates. From a manufacturing point of view, the use of NaCl or MgCl 2 in the detergents and cleaners is preferred.
- the proportion of electrolytes in the washing and cleaning agent is usually 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.
- Non-aqueous solvents which can be used in the liquid detergents and cleaners, for example, from the group of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers, provided they are miscible with water in the specified concentration range.
- the solvents are selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanols, glycol, propane or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl or butyldiglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether Propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether, di-isopropylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or Butoxytriglykol, 1-butoxyethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol t-butyl ether and mixtures of these solvent
- the viscosity of the detergents and cleaners in liquid form can be measured by conventional standard methods (for example Brookfield LVT-II viscosimeter at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3) and is preferably in the range of 500 for liquid detergents up to 5000 mPas.
- Preferred liquid detergents and cleaners have viscosities of 700 to 4000 mPas, with values between 1000 and 3000 mPas being particularly preferred.
- the viscosity of fabric softeners is preferably 20 to 4000 mPas, with values between 40 and 2000 mPas being particularly preferred.
- the viscosity of fabric softeners is particularly preferably from 40 to 1000 mPas.
- the pH of liquid detergents and cleaners is preferably between 4 and 10, and preferably between 5.5 and 8.5.
- the pH of liquid fabric softeners is preferably between 1 and 6 and preferably between 1.5 and 3.5.
- dyes In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the textile treatment agents, they can be dyed with suitable dyes.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to textile fibers so as not to stain them.
- Suitable soil-release polymers which are also referred to as "antiredeposition agents" are, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a methoxy group content of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on nonionic cellulose ethers and the known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene and / or polypropylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives thereof.
- Suitable derivatives include the sulfonated derivatives of the phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
- Optical brighteners can be added to the detergents and cleaning agents in order to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated textile fabrics. These substances are absorbed by the fiber and cause lightening and fake bleaching by transforming invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible long wavelength light, with the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight being emitted as faint bluish fluorescence and the gray of the gray or yellowed laundry results in pure white.
- Suitable compounds are derived, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulphonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalic acid imides, benzoxazole, Benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems and substituted by heterocycles pyrene derivatives.
- the optical brighteners are usually used in amounts of between 0% and 0.3% by weight, based on the finished detergent and cleaner.
- Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt.
- water-soluble colloids are mostly of organic nature, for example glue, gelatin, salts of ether sulfonic acids or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose. It is also possible to use soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also useful.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the detergents and cleaners.
- the detergents and cleaners may contain synthetic crease inhibitors. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, - alkylol esters, -alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are usually reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.
- the detergents and cleaning agents may contain antimicrobial agents.
- antimicrobial agents Depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, a distinction is made between bacteriostatic agents and bactericides, fungistatics and fungicides, etc.
- Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenolmercuric acetate, and the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention can be completely dispensed with.
- the detergents and cleaners according to the invention may contain preservatives, it being preferred to use only those which have no or only a low skin-sensitizing potential.
- preservatives examples are sorbic acid and its salts, benzoic acid and its salts, salicylic acid and its salts, phenoxyethanol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, sodium N- (hydroxymethyl) glycinate, biphenyl-2-ol and mixtures thereof.
- a suitable preservative provides the solvent-free, aqueous combination of diazolidinyl urea, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (available as Euxyl K ® 500ex Schulke and Mayr), which can be used in a pH range up. 7
- preservatives based on organic acids and / or their salts are suitable for preserving the skin-friendly detergents and cleaners according to the invention.
- the detergents and cleaners may contain antioxidants.
- This class of compounds includes, for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, catechols and aromatic amines, as well as organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, phosphites, phosphonates and vitamin E.
- Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges.
- Antistatic agents are generally substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give a more or less hygroscopic film on the surfaces. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be subdivided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents.
- Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are suitable as antistatic agents for textile fabrics or as an additive to detergents and cleaners, wherein a softening effect is additionally achieved.
- silicone derivatives may be used in the fabric treatment agents. These additionally improve the rinsing behavior of the detergents and cleaning agents by their foam-inhibiting properties.
- Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated.
- Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or Si-OH, Si-H and / or Have Si-Cl bonds.
- the viscosities of the preferred silicones are in the range between 100 and 100,000 mPas at 25 ° C, wherein the silicones in amounts between 0.2 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total detergent and cleaning agent can be used.
- the detergents and cleaners may also contain UV absorbers which wick onto the treated fabrics and improve the lightfastness of the fibers.
- Compounds exhibiting these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivation compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Also suitable are substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
- Suitable heavy metal complexing agents are, for example, the alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and alkali metal salts of anionic polyelectrolytes such as polymaleates and polysulfonates.
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
- a preferred class of complexing agents are the phosphonates, which are contained in preferred textile treatment agents in amounts of from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 2% by weight and in particular from 0.03 to 1.5% by weight.
- organophosphonates such as, for example, hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP or DETPMP) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBS-AM), which are mostly used in the form of their ammonium or alkali metal salts.
- organophosphonates such as, for example, hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP or DETPMP) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBS-AM), which are mostly used in the form of their ammonium or alkali metal salts.
- liquid detergents are prepared by customary and known methods and processes in which, for example, the constituents are simply mixed in stirred kettles, whereby water, nonaqueous solvents and surfactants are expediently introduced and the further constituents are added in portions.
- liquid detergents and cleaners can be prepared by the acidic components such as the linear alkyl sulfonates, citric acid, boric acid, phosphonic acid, the fatty alcohol ether sulfates, etc. and the nonionic surfactants are presented.
- the solvent component is preferably also added at this time, but the addition may also be made at a later time. To these components is added the polyacrylate.
- a base such as NaOH, KOH, triethanolamine or monoethanolamine is added followed by the fatty acid, if any.
- the remaining ingredients and the remaining solvents of the aqueous liquid detergent and cleaner are added to the mixture and the pH is adjusted to about 8.5.
- the particles to be dispersed are added and distributed homogeneously in the aqueous liquid detergent and cleaner by mixing.
- compositions according to the invention are preferably detergents which are suitable both for manual or machine washing, in particular for textiles. It can also be detergents or cleaning agents for industrial or household use. Cleaning agents can also be used, for example, for cleaning hard surfaces. These may be, for example, dishwashing detergents used for manual or automatic dishwashing. It can also be common industrial or household cleaners, which are used to clean hard surfaces such as furniture surfaces, tiles, tiles, wall and floor coverings. In addition to tableware, all other hard surfaces, in particular of glass, ceramic, plastic or metal, in household and in trade are also considered hard surfaces.
- the detergents and cleaning agents are preferably liquid formulations, which may be solutions, emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, microemulsions, gels or pastes.
- the composition may accordingly contain conventional ingredients of detergents in conventional amounts.
- surface treatment agents may contain as cleaning agents, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl and / or aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, amphoteric surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, solvents, thickeners, dicarboxylic acid (salts) and other auxiliaries and additives.
- auxiliaries and additives especially in hand dishwashing detergents and cleaners for hard surfaces, in particular UV stabilizers, perfume, pearlescing agents (INCI Opacifying Agents, for example glycol distearate, eg Cutina AGS ® the company Henkel KGaA, or mixtures containing this, eg the Euperlane ® from.
- ICI Opacifying Agents for example glycol distearate, eg Cutina AGS ® the company Henkel KGaA, or mixtures containing this, eg the Euperlane ® from.
- proteases eg BLAP (Henkel), Savinase (NOVO), Durazym (NOVO), Maxapemm, etc.
- amylases eg Fermamyl (NOVO), etc.
- lipases eg Lipolase (NOVO), etc.
- Peroxidases gluconases, cellulases, mannases, etc., in amounts of preferably 0.001 to 1.5 wt.% And particularly preferably less than 0.5 wt.%.
- the stabilizing system of the present invention is applied to capsules containing active ingredients and ingredients.
- the capsules in the present invention may be particles, microcapsules or speckles, but also granules, compounds and fragrance beads, with microcapsules or speckles being preferred.
- microcapsule is understood to mean aggregates which contain at least one solid or liquid core which is enclosed by at least one continuous shell, in particular a shell of polymer (s). These are usually finely dispersed liquid or solid phases coated with film-forming polymers, during the production of which the polymers precipitate on the material to be enveloped after emulsification and coacervation or interfacial polymerization.
- the microscopic capsules can be dried like powder.
- multinuclear aggregates also called microspheres, are known, which contain two or more cores distributed in the continuous shell material.
- Mono- or polynuclear microcapsules can also be enclosed by an additional second, third, etc., sheath.
- the shell may be made of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic materials.
- Natural shell materials are, for example, gum arabic, agar agar, agarose, maltodextrins, alginic acid or its salts, e.g. Sodium or calcium alginate, fats and fatty acids, cetyl alcohol, collagen, chitosan, lecithins, gelatin, albumin, shellac, polysaccharides such as starch or dextran, sucrose and waxes.
- Semisynthetic shell materials include chemically modified celluloses, especially cellulose esters and ethers, e.g.
- Synthetic envelope materials are, for example, polymers such as polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the capsules are microcapsules which comprise a water-insoluble wall material, preferably polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polysaccharides, epoxy resins, silicone resins and / or polycondensation products of carbonyl compounds and compounds containing NH groups.
- a water-insoluble wall material preferably polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polysaccharides, epoxy resins, silicone resins and / or polycondensation products of carbonyl compounds and compounds containing NH groups.
- microcapsule preparation as such is well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable methods for microcapsule preparation are familiar to the expert and are for.
- US 3,870,52 in US 3,516,941 , in US 3,415,758 or in EP 0026914 A1 described.
- the latter describes the production of microcapsules by acid-induced condensation of melamine-formaldehyde precondensates and / or their C 1 -C 4 alkyl ethers in water in which the forming the capsule core hydrophobic material is dispersed, in the presence of a protective colloid.
- melamine-urea-formaldehyde microcapsules or melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules or urea-formaldehyde microcapsules can be used, for. Available from 3M Corporation or BASF.
- Suitable microcapsules are z. B. also in WO 2001/049817 A2 described.
- microcapsules are accessible by methods known in the art, with coacervation and interfacial polymerization being the most important.
- all surfactant-stable microcapsules available on the market can be used for example, the commercial products (in each case the shell material) Hallcrest Microcapsules (gelatin, gum arabic), Coletica Thalaspheres (marine collagen), Lipotec Millicapseln (alginic acid, agar-agar), Induchem Unispheres (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) ; Unicerin C30 (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), Kobo Glycospheres (modified starch, fatty acid esters, phospholipids), Softspheres (modified Agar Agar) and Kuhs Probiol Nanospheres (phospholipids).
- particles which have no core-shell structure but in which the active substance is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material. Such particles are also referred to as "speckles”.
- a preferred matrix-forming material is alginate.
- an aqueous alginate solution which also contains the active ingredient or the active ingredients to be entrapped is dripped and then cured in a precipitation bath containing Ca.sup.2 + ions or Al.sub.3.sup. + Ions. It may be advantageous that the alginate-based speckles are subsequently washed with water and then washed in an aqueous solution with a complexing agent to free Ca 2+ ions or free Al 3+ ions, which undesirable interactions with ingredients of the liquid detergent and cleaning agent, For example, the fatty acid soaps, can enter, wash out.
- matrix-forming materials can be used instead of alginate.
- matrix-forming materials include polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymethacrylate, polylysine, poloxamer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, Polyethoxyoxazolin, albumin, gelatin, acacia, chitosan, cellulose, dextran, Ficoll ®, starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hyaluronic acid, Carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, deacetylated chitosan, dextran sulfate and derivatives of these materials.
- the matrix formation in these materials takes place for example via gelation, polyanion-polycation interactions or polyelectrolyte-metal ion interactions and
- the particles can be stably dispersed in the aqueous liquid detergent and cleaner.
- Stable means that the compositions are stable at room temperature and at 40 ° C for a period of at least 4 weeks, and preferably at least 6 weeks, without the medium creaming or sedimenting
- the capsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably approximately spherical. Their diameter along their greatest spatial extent may be between 0.1 nm (not visually recognizable as a capsule) and 1000 ⁇ m, depending on the components contained in their interior and the application.
- Preferably usable microcapsules have average diameters in the range of 0.1 to 1,000 .mu.m, preferably between 1 and 100 .mu.m, in particular between 5 and 75 .mu.m, z. B. 10-50 microns.
- the shell of the microcapsules surrounding the core or (filled) cavity has an average thickness in the range of between about 75 and 300 nm, preferably between about 80 nm and about 250 nm, in particular between about 90 nm and about 200 nm.
- Microcapsules, the fulfill the aforementioned parameters are particularly well stabilized in detergents and cleaners and thus show good results in the context of the invention.
- the capsules may include, for example, optical brighteners, surfactants, complexing agents, bleaches, bleach activators, dyes and fragrances, antioxidants, builders, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, graying inhibitors, anti redeposition agents, pH adjusters, electrolytes, foam inhibitors and UV absorbers are located.
- the capsules of the aqueous liquid detergents and cleaners may contain cationic surfactants, vitamins, proteins, preservatives, detergency boosters or pearlescers.
- the fillings of the capsules may be solids or liquids in the form of solutions or emulsions or suspensions.
- the release of the active ingredients from the capsules is usually carried out during the application of the agents containing them by destruction of the shell or the matrix due to mechanical, thermal, chemical or enzymatic action.
- the liquid detergents and cleaners contain identical or different capsules in amounts of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.03 to 5% by weight and very preferably from 0.05 to 2.5% by weight.
- liquid detergents and cleaners according to the invention with capsules are cloudy and have no sediment.
- the present invention also encompasses a process for preparing laundry detergents and cleaners which comprises mixing a mixture of different fragrances which are encapsulated and at least one rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of hardened castor oils, cured castor waxes, layered silicates, polyacrylates or mixtures incorporated into a detergent and cleaning agent.
- the invention comprises a process for the production of detergents and cleaners, wherein the rheology modifier is stirred in a solvent from castor oils and / or castor waxes in a first step (a).
- Suitable solvents are aqueous solutions, such as surfactant solutions and / or alcoholic.
- the complete amount of rheology modifier is stirred into the solvent and then in a second step b) the mixture is heated to the melting point of the rheology modifier.
- the mixture is heated to at least 85 ° C, preferably from 85 ° C to 90 ° C or from 85 ° C to 88 ° C.
- the rheology modifier is then preferably melted in the solvent at these temperatures. Subsequently, in a step c), the mixture is cooled to 40 ° C. with stirring and then, in a step d), the mixture is added to a detergent formulation.
- the process steps can also be modified, for example by first stirring only part of the rheology modifier in the solvent, heating it and thus predissolving it. Further modifications may be in the duration of the heating period, the cooling period, and the stirring rate of the mixture, which, however, lead to the same result, namely a mixture with a pre-dissolved rheology modifier.
- this mixture may be added to either a detergent formulation or, conversely, the detergent formulation be added to the mixture. The order of addition is not limited here.
- the present invention comprises a composition comprising a mixture of a layered silicate with a polyacrylate, for the stabilization of perfume capsules in detergents and cleaners.
- layered silicate is a mixture that has the following composition: about 40 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2, about 20 to 30 wt .-% MgO, about 0.3 to 0.9 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 1.5 to 3 wt .-% Na 2 O, wherein such a layered silicate preferably has a BET of about 345 to 390 m 2 / g.
- suitable silicates consist of a mixture of several components, preferably about 50 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2 , 25 to 28 wt .-% MgO, about 0.5 to 0.8 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 2.0 to 2.8 wt.
- % Na 2 O and preferably have a BET of about 355 to 380 m 2 / g.
- Very particular preference is given to phyllosilicates which consist of 59.5% by weight SiO 2 , 27.5% by weight MgO, 0.8% by weight Li 2 O and 2.8% Na 2 O, and a BET of 370 m 2 / g and a pH Value of 9.8 (2% suspension).
- Such compositions are known from Rockwood under the trade name Laponite ®, particularly preferably for the inventive composition, the product Laponite ® OG or RD is.
- the polyacrylate is a component selected from the group consisting of HASE polymer, ASE polymer, latex polyacrylate, anionic polyacrylate emulsion or polyacrylate dispersion.
- the HASE polymer Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer preferably the product Thixcin ® and the latex polyacrylate, preferably the Polygel W 301 and the polyacrylate is preferably Polygel W400 and the polyacrylate preferably Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer.
- Such mixtures of Laponite ® OG with polyacrylates have pronounced synergistic effect in the stabilization of capsules having an average particle size of 0.1 nm to 1000 .mu.m, preferably, the capsules have an average particle size of 1 to 100 .mu.m, particularly preferably 5 to 75 .mu.m, very particularly preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the detergent samples were stored in 30 ml glass bottles at 23 ° C, 5 ° C and 40 ° C. After 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, the samples were visually assessed for separation of the (perfume) capsules. When separations were observed, the formulation was rated unstable. If no separations were observed, the sample was rated stable.
- the rheological properties of the samples were carried out with the aid of a rheometer.
- Measurement conditions 23 ° C, cone / plate C60 / 2 ° Ti, CR log 0.011 / s-40.00 1 / s, CR log 40.00 1 / s-0.011 / s.
- the lower curve shows the comparative experiment (designated as V 1.1) and the upper curve shows the formulation according to the invention (designated as V 3.2).
- the rheology measurement shows the increase of the required force at the beginning and the decrease of the force to the middle of the measurement, followed by a rise to the end. This shows that the sample has a high viscosity during the rest phase, which falls rapidly due to the action of force (shearing action) and recovers in the subsequent rest phase.
- Table 1 ⁇ / b> Basic recipe for detergents basic formulation Sodium benzenesulfonate (about 50%) 10.00% Fatty alcohol ethoxylate C12-18 9EO 3.00% Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (about 28%) 40.00% Sodium lauryl sulfate (approx.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Stabilisierungssysteme für Kapseln in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, wobei die Kapseln Wirk- bzw. Inhaltstoffe enthalten und eine durchschnittliche Teilchengrößenverteilung von 0.1 nm bis 1.000 µm aufweisen.The invention relates to stabilizing systems for capsules in detergents and cleaners, wherein the capsules contain active ingredients or ingredients and have an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1000 microns.
Die Einarbeitung von bestimmten Wirkstoffen (z. B. Bleichmittel, Enzyme, Parfüme, Farbstoffe usw.) in flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel kann zu Problemen führen. Beispielsweise können Unverträglichkeiten zwischen den einzelnen Wirkstoffkomponenten der flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel auftreten. Dies kann zu unerwünschten Verfärbungen, Agglomerationen, Geruchsproblemen und Zerstörung von waschaktiven Wirkstoffen führen. Der Verbraucher verlangt jedoch flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, die auch nach Lagerung und Transport zum Zeitpunkt der Anwendung optimal ihre Wirkung entfalten. Dies bedingt, dass sich die Inhaltsstoffe des flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittels zuvor weder abgesetzt, zersetzt oder verflüchtigt haben.The incorporation of certain active ingredients (eg bleaches, enzymes, perfumes, dyes, etc.) into liquid detergents and cleaners can cause problems. For example, incompatibilities between the individual active ingredient components of the liquid detergents and cleaners may occur. This can lead to undesirable discoloration, agglomeration, odor problems and destruction of detergent active ingredients. The consumer, however, requires liquid detergents and cleaning agents which, even after storage and transport, develop optimally at the time of use. This implies that the ingredients of the liquid detergent and cleaning agent have previously neither sedimented, decomposed or volatilized.
Ein Konzept zur Einarbeitung empfindlicher, chemisch oder physikalisch inkompatibler sowie flüchtiger Komponenten besteht im Einsatz von Kapseln und insbesondere Mikrokapseln, in denen diese Inhaltsstoffe lager- und transportstabil eingeschlossen sind. So können Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel beispielsweise folgende Wirk- und Inhaltsstoffe enthalten, die verkapselt werden können: Avivagemittel, Duftstoffe, pH-Stellmittel, Fluoreszenzmittel, Farbstoffe, Hydrotope, Silikonöle, Antiredepositionsmittel, optische Aufheller, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Knitterschutzmittel, antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen, Germizide, Fungizide, Antioxidantien, Antistatika, Bügelhilfsmittel, Phobier- und Imprägniermittel, Bleichmittel, Acidifizierungsmittel sowie UV-Absorber; nur um einige zu nennen. Die Stabilisierung der Kapsel in Formulierungen stellt oftmals eine Herausforderung dar.A concept for the incorporation of sensitive, chemically or physically incompatible as well as volatile components is the use of capsules and in particular microcapsules in which these ingredients are trapped stable storage and transport. For example, detergents and cleaners may contain the following active ingredients and ingredients which can be encapsulated: softeners, fragrances, pH adjusters, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-crease agents, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides , Antioxidants, antistatic agents, ironing aids, repellents and impregnating agents, bleaching agents, acidifying agents and UV absorbers; just to name a few. The stabilization of the capsule in formulations often presents a challenge.
Duftstoffe beispielsweise sind für den Bereich Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel ein essentieller Bestandteil in der Formulierung. So soll Wäsche sowohl im feuchten als auch im trockenen Zustand einen angenehmen und frischen Duft aufweisen. Daher ist es zweckmäßig, dass Duftstoffe ein gutes Aufziehvermögen auf die Faser besitzen und darauf haften bleiben, um anschließend die Duftstoffe wieder retardierend frei zu setzen, damit die Wäsche über einen längeren Zeitraum eine angenehme Duftnote abgibt. Die Anforderungen an Duftstoffe sind demnach recht hoch gestellt. Das grundsätzliche Problem bei der Verwendung von Duftstoffen besteht darin, dass Duftstoffe leicht flüchtige Substanzen sind. Diese Eigenschaft bewirkt aber auch wiederum ihren Dufteffekt. Man steht daher bei dem Einsatz von Duftstoffen in Textil- und Oberflächenbehandlungsmitteln vor der Herausforderung diese leicht flüchtigen Duftstoffe lange genug zu stabilisieren, so dass sie nicht alle innerhalb kürzester Zeit verdampfen und keinen Dufteffekt mehr ergeben. Die Duftstoffe sollen nach der Reinigung innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraumes abdampfen und dabei einen langanhaltenden und möglichst gleichbleibenden Dufteffekt bewirken. Problematisch bei Duftstoffen ist die Tatsache, dass sich der Dufteindruck eines Parfums im Laufe der Zeit verändert, weil die Riechstoffe, die die frischen und leichten Noten des Parfüms darstellen durch ihren hohen Dampfdruck schneller abdampfen als die Duftstoffe, die die Herz- und Basisnoten darstellen. Daher werden Duftstoffe oftmals verkapselt, um den Dufteindruck so über einen längeren Zeitraum stabilisieren zu können. Dies führt jedoch zu der Problematik, dass die Kapseln, die solche Duftstoffe, aber auch andere Inhaltstoffe, die üblich sind für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, in der Regel nach längerem stehen, sedimentieren oder aufrahmen und so die Stabilität der Formulierung zerstören.Fragrances, for example, are an essential ingredient in the formulation for detergents and cleaners. So laundry should have a pleasant and fresh fragrance both in the wet and in the dry state. Therefore, it is expedient that fragrances have a good absorption on the fiber and stick to it, then releasing the fragrances releasing again, so that the laundry over a longer period of time gives off a pleasant fragrance. The demands on fragrances are therefore quite high. The fundamental problem with the use of fragrances is that fragrances are volatile substances. This property, however, also causes its scent effect. It is therefore in the use of fragrances in textile and surface treatment agents with the challenge this to stabilize volatile fumes long enough so that they do not all evaporate within a very short time and no longer produce a fragrance effect. The fragrances should evaporate after cleaning within a certain period of time, thereby causing a long-lasting and constant as possible fragrance effect. A problem with fragrances is the fact that the fragrance of a perfume changes over time, because the fragrances that represent the fresh and light notes of the perfume vaporize faster by their high vapor pressure than the fragrances that represent the heart and base notes. Therefore, fragrances are often encapsulated to stabilize the fragrance impression over a longer period of time. However, this leads to the problem that the capsules, which are such fragrances, but also other ingredients that are common for detergents and cleaners, usually after a long time, sediment or frame and thus destroy the stability of the formulation.
In
Aus dem Kosmetikbereich werden in der britischen Patentschrift
Eine Möglichkeit um Partikel bzw. Kapsel in einer Flüssigkeit zu suspendieren, ist die Verwendung von strukturierten Flüssigkeiten. Dabei wird zwischen einer internen und einer externen Strukturierung unterschieden. Eine externe Strukturierung kann beispielsweise durch Einsatz von strukturierenden Gums wie zum Beispiel Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Johannisbrotkernmehl, Gellan Gum, Wellan Gum oder Carrageenan oder von Polyacrylatverdickern erzielt werden.One way to suspend particles or capsules in a liquid is to use structured liquids. A distinction is made between internal and external structuring. External structuring can be achieved, for example, by using structuring gums such as, for example, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, gellan gum, wellan gum or carrageenan or of polyacrylate thickeners.
Aus ästhetischer Sicht ist es wünschenswert, dass die flüssigen Waschmittel, in denen die Partikel suspendiert sind, transparent bzw. zumindest transluzent sind. Der Einsatz von strukturierenden Gums führt aber oft zu trübe Zusammensetzung.From an aesthetic point of view, it is desirable that the liquid detergents in which the particles are suspended are transparent or at least translucent. However, the use of structuring gums often leads to cloudy composition.
In der
Ein Nachteil bei Verwendung dieser Strukturierungs- oder Verdickungsmittel ist ihre Empfindlichkeit gegenüber ionischen Verbindungen, insbesondere gegenüber den in reinigenden Anwendungen obligaten anionischen Tensiden. Bei hohen Konzentrationen an polymeren Verdickern in Systemen mit gleichzeitig hohen Konzentrationen an Aniontensiden können drastische Steigerungen der Viskosität erfolgen, die die Handhabbarkeit der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel (beispielsweise pumpen, gießen oder dosieren) stark beeinträchtigen.A disadvantage of using these structurizing or thickening agents is their sensitivity to ionic compounds, in particular to the anionic surfactants which are obligatory in cleaning applications. At high concentrations of polymeric thickeners in systems with simultaneously high concentrations of anionic surfactants, drastic increases in viscosity can occur, which greatly impair the handling of the detergents and cleaners (for example, pumping, pouring or metering).
Es war Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Stabilisierungssystem für Kapseln, die Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe enthalten, in Formulierungen, wie in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln zu entwickeln und bereitzustellen.It was an object of the present invention to develop and provide a stabilizing system for capsules containing active ingredients and ingredients in formulations, such as in detergents and cleaners.
Dieses Stabilisierungssystem soll dabei nicht nur eine gute Lagerstabilität der Formulierung gewährleisten, sondern auch ein Netzwerk in der Formulierung aufbauen, dass die Kapseln mit den Wirk- und Inhaltsstoffen in der Schwebe halten, so dass diese in der Formulierung nicht sedimentieren oder aufrahmen. Aufgabe war es ferner ein Stabilisierungssystem bereitzustellen, dass durch leichte mechanische Einwirkung vorübergehend aufgehoben werden kann, und nach kürzester Zeit wieder aufgebaut wird, sobald die Formulierung wieder im Ruhezustand ist. Dies gewährleistet eine leichte Dosierung, ohne die Formulierung zu destabilisieren und eine schnelle Re-Stabilisierung der Kapseln in der Formulierung, sobald die mechanische Einwirkung aufgehoben ist.This stabilization system should not only ensure a good storage stability of the formulation, but also build a network in the formulation that hold the capsules with the active ingredients and ingredients in the balance so that they do not sediment or cream in the formulation. The object was also to provide a stabilization system that can be temporarily suspended by slight mechanical action, and is rebuilt after a short time when the formulation is back in hibernation. This ensures easy dosing without destabilizing the formulation and rapid re-stabilization of the capsules in the formulation once the mechanical action is removed.
Überraschenderweise wurden Zusammensetzungen gefunden, die als Stabilisierungssysteme für derartige Kapseln in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln geeignet sind. Die Stabilisierungssysteme der vorliegenden Erfindung sind insbesondere geeignet für Kapseln, die eine durchschnittliche Teilchengrößenverteilung von 0.1 nm bis 1 mm aufweisen. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Stabilisierungssystem umfasst dabei mindestens einen Rheologie-Modifizierer, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gehärtetem Castorölen, gehärteten Castorwachsen, Polyacrylaten, Schichtsilikaten oder Mischungen daraus.Surprisingly, compositions have been found which are suitable as stabilizing systems for such capsules in detergents and cleaners. The stabilizing systems of the present invention are particularly suitable for capsules having an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1 mm. A stabilization system according to the invention comprises at least one rheology modifier which is selected from the group consisting of hardened castor oils, cured castor waxes, polyacrylates, sheet silicates or mixtures thereof.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Stabilisierungssysteme für Kapseln in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, die Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe enthalten, wobei die Kapseln eine durchschnittliche Teilchengrößenverteilung von 0.1 nm bis 1 mm aufweisen. Die erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssysteme umfassen mindestens einen Rheologie- Modifizierer, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gehärteten Castorölen, gehärteten Castorwachsen, Polyacrylaten, Schichtsilikaten oder Mischungen daraus. Bevorzugte Polyacrylate sind Latex Polyacrylate, anionische Polyacrylatemulsionen, Polyacrylatdispersionen und Polymere vom Typ ASE oder Polymere vom Typ HASE.The present invention relates to stabilizing systems for capsules in detergents and cleaners containing active ingredients and ingredients, the capsules having an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1 mm. The stabilizing systems of the invention comprise at least one rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of cured castor oils, cured castor waxes, polyacrylates, layered silicates, or mixtures thereof. Preferred polyacrylates are latex polyacrylates, anionic polyacrylate emulsions, polyacrylate dispersions and polymers of the type ASE or polymers of the HASE type.
Der Kern der Kapseln umfasst bevorzugt Wirk- und Inhaltsstoffe zur Pflege, Konditionierung und/oder Nachbehandlung von Textilien und beinhaltet, vorzugsweise Stoffe, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Duftstoffen, Gerüststoffen, Bleichmitteln, Bleichaktivatoren, Enzymen, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Schauminhibitoren, anorganischen Salzen, Lösungsmitteln, pH-Stellmitteln, Fluoreszenzmitteln, Farbstoffen, Hydrotopen, Silikonölen, Soil-release-Verbindungen, optischen Aufhellern, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Knitterschutzmitteln, Farbübertragungsinhibitoren, antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen, Germiziden, Fungiziden, Antioxidantien, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Antistatika, Quell- und Schiebefestmitteln, UV-Absorbern, Acidifizierungsmitteln.The core of the capsules preferably comprises active ingredients and ingredients for care, conditioning and / or aftertreatment of textiles and includes, preferably substances selected from the group consisting of fragrances, builders, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, grayness inhibitors, foam inhibitors, inorganic salts , Solvents, pH adjusters, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, silicone oils, soil release compounds, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, wrinkle inhibitors, dye transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, swelling and anti-slip agents, UV stabilizers Absorbers, Acidifiers.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Kapseln eine durchschnittliche Teilchengrößenverteilung von 0.1 nm bis 1.000 µm, bevorzugt 1 µm bis 100 µm, besonders bevorzugt 5 µm bis 75 µm, ganz besonders bevorzugt 10 µm bis 50 µm auf. Diese Kapseln lassen sich besonders gut in Weich- und Reinigungsmitteln durch die erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisierungssysteme stabilisieren.In a preferred embodiment, the capsules have an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1000 .mu.m, preferably 1 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, more preferably 5 .mu.m to 75 .mu.m, most preferably 10 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m. These capsules can be stabilized particularly well in softeners and cleaning agents by the stabilizing systems according to the invention.
Erfindungsgemäß enthält ein Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel ein Stabilisierungssystem für Kapseln, das mindestens einen Rheologie-Modifizierer umfasst, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gehärteten Castorölen, gehärteten Castorwachsen, Polyacrylaten, Schichtsilikaten oder Mischungen daraus.According to the invention, a washing and cleaning agent contains a stabilizing system for capsules which comprises at least one rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of hardened castor oils, hardened castor waxes, polyacrylates, sheet silicates or mixtures thereof.
Bevorzugt werden als Rheologie-Modifizierer Castorwachse verwendet, welche einen Schmelzpunktbereich von 60 bis 85°C und eine Verseifungszahl von 175 bis 185, eine Säurezahl von 2 bis 4, sowie eine Verseifungszahl von 175 bis 185 und eine lodzahl von etwa 4 aufweisen.Castor waxes having a melting point range of 60 to 85 ° C. and a saponification number of 175 to 185, an acid number of 2 to 4 and a saponification number of 175 to 185 and an iodine number of about 4 are preferably used as rheology modifiers.
Bevorzugte Castoröle, die als Rheologie-Modifizierer eingesetzt werden, weisen eine Verseifungszahl von 186 bis 203, eine Hydroxyzahl von 160 bis 168 und eine lodzahl von 81 bis 100 auf. Vorzugsweise besteht das Castoröl aus einem Gemisch von mehreren Verbindungen, die sich im Einzelnen wie folgt im Gemisch zusammensetzt: Ölsäure von 3,6 bis 9 Gew.%, Linolsäure von 3 bis 5 Gew.%, Linolensäure zu etwa 4 Gew%., Rizinolsäure von 77 bis 83 Gew.%, Palmitinsäure von 0 bis 1.6 Gew.%, Stearinsäure von 1.5 bis 3 Gew.% und Vaccensäure, Arachinsäure und Eicosensäure unter 1 Gew.%. Die Angaben in Gewichtsprozent sind bezogen auf das gesamte Gemisch (Castoröl).Preferred castor oils used as rheology modifiers have a saponification number of 186 to 203, a hydroxyl number of 160 to 168 and an iodine number of 81 to 100. Preferably, the castor oil consists of a mixture of several compounds, the composition of which is as follows: oleic acid from 3.6 to 9% by weight, linoleic acid from 3 to 5% by weight, linolenic acid to about 4% by weight, ricinoleic acid from 77 to 83% by weight, palmitic acid from 0 to 1.6% by weight, stearic acid from 1.5 to 3% by weight and vaccenic acid, arachidic acid and eicosenoic acid below 1% by weight. The data in percent by weight are based on the total mixture (castor oil).
Geeignete Castorwachse bzw. Castoröle, die als Rheologie-Modifizierer in der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind erhältlich unter dem Handelsnamen Thixcin® (INCI: 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate)von Elementis Specialitis und die Castor oil bzw. Castor Wax Produktlinie von Acme Hardesty Co. (Bspw. Acme Wax 225, Acme Wax 224, Acme Wax TGA usw.).Suitable castor waxes and castor oils which can be used as rheology modifiers in the present invention are available under the tradename Thixcin ® (INCI: 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate) from Elementis Specialitis and Castor oil or Castor Wax product line from Acme Hardesty Co. (eg Acme Wax 225, Acme Wax 224, Acme Wax TGA etc.).
Geeignete Polyacrylate sind beispielsweise die hochmolekularen mit einem Polyalkenylpolyether, insbesondere einem Allylethervon Saccharose, Pentaerythrit oder Propylen, vernetzten Homopolymere der Acrylsäure (INCI-Bezeichnung gemäß "International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients" der "The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA)": Carbomer), die auch als Carboxyvinylpolymere bezeichnet werden. Solche Polyacrylsäuren sind u.a. von der Fa. 3V Sigma unter dem Handelsnamen Polygel®, z.B. Polygel®400 und Polygel®301, und von Lubrizol unter dem Handelsnamen Carbopol® erhältlich, z.B. Carbopol® 940 (Molekulargewicht ca. 4.000.000), Carbopol® 941 (Molekulargewicht ca. 1.250.000) oder Carbopol® 934 (Molekulargewicht ca. 3.000.000), Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer. Bevorzugt sind Polygel®400 und Polygel®301 und Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer.Suitable polyacrylates are, for example, the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, in particular an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI name according to the International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients of The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA): Carbomer ), also referred to as carboxyvinyl polymers. Such polyacrylic acids are obtainable inter alia from Fa. 3V Sigma under the tradename Polygel ® such as Polygel ® 400 and Polygel ® 301 and from Lubrizol under the trade name Carbopol ®, such as Carbopol ® 940 (molecular weight about 4,000,000), Carbopol ® 941 (molecular weight approximately 1,250,000) or Carbopol ® 934 (molecular weight about 3,000,000), Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer. Polygel ® 400 and Polygel ® 301 and Carbopol ® Aqua are preferably 30 polymer.
Weiterhin fallen darunter folgende Acrylsäure-Copolymere:
- i) Polymere vom Typ HASE sind solubilisierte hydrophobisch modifizierte alkali-lösliche Polymere. Bevorzugt sind es wässrige Lösungen von hydrophobisch modifizierten alkalilöslichen Emulsionspolymeren. Hydrophobisch modifizierte alkali-lösliche Emulsions(hydrophobically-modified alkalisoluble emulsion; "HASE-")polymere sind Polymere, die typischerweise zum Erhöhen der Viskosität wässriger Lösungen eingesetzt werden. Ein solches Polymer ist typischerweise ein Copolymer, das eine anionische Gruppe, eine hydrophobe Gruppe und eine nichtionische Gruppe enthält. Vorzugsweise werden HASE-Polymerzusammensetzungen durch Emulsationspolymerisation synthetisiert. Formel I zeigt ein Beispiel, wie ein HASE- Polymer beschrieben werden kann:
So zeigt Formel la eine allgemeinere Formel eines HASE-Polymers, welche ebenfalls als Rheologie-Modifizierer in der vorliegenden Erfindung eingesetzt werden kann:als 8 Kohlenstoffeinheiten aufweisen. Die Menge an nichtionischem Monomer als polymerisierte Einheiten in dem HASE-Polymer beträgt typischerweise 30 bis 75 Gewichtsteile, vorzugsweise 35 bis 70 Gewichtsteile, besonders bevorzugt 40 bis 65 Gewichtsteile. Geeignete nichtionische Monomere umfassen C1 bis C7 Alkyl- und C2 bis C7-Hydroxyalkylester von Acryl- und Methacrylsäure, einschließlich Ethyl(meth)acrylat, Methyl(meth)acrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, Butyl(meth)acrylat, 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat, 2-Hydroxybutylmethacrylat, Styrol, Vinyltoluen, t-Butylstyrol, Isopropylstyrol und p-Chlorstyrol, Vinylacetat, Vinylbutyrat, Vinylcaprolat, Acrylonitril, Methacrylonitril, Butadien, Isoprene, Vinylchlorid, Vinylidenchlorid und ähnliches. Bevorzugt sind Ethyl(meth)acrylat, Methyl(meth)acrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, Butyl(meth)acrylat, 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat und 2-Hydroxybutylmethacrylat. Besonders bevorzugt sind Ethylacrylat, Methylacrylat und Butylacrylat.
Geeignete anionische Monomere für die Herstellung einer HASE-Polymerzusammensetzung, sind Monomere, die eine negative Ladung enthalten, wenn sie in einer basischen wässrigen Lösung vorliegt. Die Menge an anionischem Monomer als polymerisierte Einheiten in dem HASE-Polymer beträgt typischerweise 5 bis 75 Gewichtsteile, vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 Gewichtsteile, besonders bevorzugt 20 bis 50 Gewichtsteile. Geeignete anionische Monomere schließen Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Crotonsäure, Phosphoethylmethacrylat, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propansulfonsäure, Natriumvinylsulfonat, Itaconsäure, Fumarsäure, Maleinsäure, Monomethylitaconat, Monomethylfumarat, Monobutylfumarat und Maleinsäureanhydrid ein. Acrylsäure, Itaconsäure, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propansulfonsäure, Fumarsäure und Methacrylsäure sind bevorzugt. Methacrylsäure, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propansulfonsäure und Acrylsäure sind besonders bevorzugt.
Geeignete hydrophobe Monomere für die Herstellung einer HASE-Polymer-zusammensetzung, umfassen oberflächenaktive Ester wie C8-C30- Alkylphenoxy(ethylenoxy)6-100-ethyl(meth)acrylate und C8-C30-Alkoxy(ethylenoxy)6-50-ethyl(meth)-acrylate, C8-C30-Alkyl-phenoxyethyl(meth)acrylate und C8-C30-Alkoxyethyl(meth)acrylate. Weitere Verbindungen, die aber nicht beschränkt sind, können Ether, Amide und Urethane sein. Weitere geeignete hydrophobe Monomere umfassen beispielsweise Vinylester von C8-C30-Carbonsäuren und C8-C30-Alkylester von (Methyl)acrylat. Die Menge an hydrophobem Monomer als polymerisierte Einheiten in dem HASE-Polymer beträgt typischerweise 1 bis 20 Gewichtsteile, vorzugsweise 1 bis 15 Gewichtsteile, besonders bevorzugt 1bis 10 Gewichtsteile. Geeignete hydrophobe Monomere schließen C18H37 (EO)20-(Meth)acrylat und C20H25(EO)23(Meth)acrylat ein. Bevorzugt sind C18H37 (EO)20-Methacrylat und C20H25(EO)23-Methacrylat.
Geeignete HASE-Polymerzusammensetzungen, die als Rheologie-Modifizierer in der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind erhältlich unter dem Handelsnamen Polygel® von der Firma Neochem (Polygel W30 (INCI: Acrylate/Palmeth-25-Acrlyatcopolymer), Polygel W301) und unter dem Handelsnamen Novethix™ L-10 Polymer von der Firma Lubrizol und unter dem Handelsnamen ACULYN™ 22 - ACULYN™ 28 und Acusol™ 801S, Acusol™ 805S, Acusol™ 820 und Acusol™823 von der Fa. Rohm und Haas und unter dem Handelsname Rheovis® und Latekoll® von BASF.
Bevorzugt werden Novethix™ L-10 Polymer von der Firma Lubrizol und Acusol™820 und Acusol™823 von der Fa. Rohm und Haas und Rheovis® und Latekoll® von BASF als Rheologie-Modifizierer verwendet, vorzugsweise in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Novethix™ L-10 Polymer und Rheovis®, wobei Novethix™ L-10 Polymer am meisten bevorzugt ist. Novethix™ L-10 Polymer ist ein (INCI:) Acrylates/Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, dass eine Viskosität von 15 mPa.s aufweist (Brookfield RVT@20 rpm, 25°C und ein pH-Wert von 3.0 und eine Trübung von <20 NTU (DRT-100B Turbidimeter (HF Scientific), 1wt% TS Gel Properties bei pH= 7.5 (neutralisiert mit NaOH)). - ii) Polymere vom Typ ASE sind solubilisierte alkali-lösliche Polymere. Bevorzugt sind es wässrige Lösungen von alkalilöslichen Emulsionspolymeren. Dieser Polymertyp ist analog zum HASE-Polymer und kann beispielsweise durch die folgende Formel II dargestellt werden:
So zeigt Formel IIa eine allgemeinere Formel eines ASE-Polymers, welche ebenfalls als Rheologie-Modifizierer in der vorliegenden Erfindung eingesetzt werden kann:
Geeignete ASE-Polymerzusammensetzungen, die als Rheologie-Modifizierer in der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden, sind erhältlich unter dem Handelsnamen Aculyn™38 Acusol™810A, Acusol™ 830, Acusol™ 835, Acusol™ 842 von der Fa. Rohm und Haas und unter dem Handelsnamen Polygel® von der Firma Neochem (Polygel W400) und unter dem Handelsnamen Viscalex®, Latecoll® and Collacral® von BASF.
Bevorzugt werden Acusol™ 835, Acusol™ 842 von der Fa. Rohm und Haas und Polygel® von der Firma Neochem (Polygel W400) und Viscalex®, Latecoll® and Collacral® von BASF verwendet, vorzugsweise in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Polygel W400 und Latecoll®.Furthermore, these include the following acrylic acid copolymers:
- i) HASE type polymers are solubilized hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble polymers. Preference is given to aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified, alkali-soluble emulsion polymers. Hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble emulsions ("HASE") polymers are polymers that are typically used to increase the viscosity of aqueous solutions. Such a polymer is typically a copolymer containing an anionic group, a hydrophobic group and a nonionic group. Preferably, HASE polymer compositions are synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Formula I shows an example of how a HASE polymer can be described:
Thus, formula Ia shows a more general formula of a HASE polymer which can also be used as a rheology modifier in the present invention:
Suitable anionic monomers for the preparation of a HASE polymer composition are monomers which contain a negative charge when present in a basic aqueous solution. The amount of anionic monomer as polymerized units in the HASE polymer is typically 5 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight. Suitable anionic monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, phosphoethyl methacrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium vinyl sulfonate, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, monomethyl itaconate, monomethyl fumarate, monobutyl fumarate and maleic anhydride. Acrylic acid, itaconic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid and methacrylic acid are preferred. Methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and acrylic acid are particularly preferred.
Suitable hydrophobic monomers for the preparation of a HASE polymer composition include surface active esters such as C 8 -C 30 alkylphenoxy (ethyleneoxy) 6-100 ethyl (meth) acrylates and C 8 -C 30 alkoxy (ethyleneoxy) 6-50 ethyl (meth) acrylates, C 8 -C 30 -alkyl-phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylates and C 8 -C 30 -alkoxyethyl (meth) acrylates. Other compounds, but not limited to, may be ethers, amides and urethanes. Other suitable hydrophobic monomers include, for example, vinyl esters of C 8 -C 30 carboxylic acids and C 8 -C 30 alkyl esters of (methyl) acrylate. The amount of hydrophobic monomer as polymerized units in the HASE polymer is typically 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight. Suitable hydrophobic monomers include C 18 H 37 (EO) 20 - (meth) acrylate and C 20 H 25 (EO) 23 (meth) acrylate. Preference is given to C 18 H 37 (EO) 20 methacrylate and C 20 H 25 (EO) 23 methacrylate.
Suitable HASE polymer compositions which can be used as rheology modifiers in the present invention are available under the tradename Polygel ® by the company neochem (Polygel W30 (INCI: Acrylates / Palmeth-25 Acrlyatcopolymer), Polygel W301) and the Trade names Novethix ™ L-10 polymer from Lubrizol and under the trade names ACULYN ™ 22 - ACULYN ™ 28 and Acusol ™ 801S, Acusol ™ 805S, Acusol ™ 820 and Acusol ™ 823 from Rohm and Haas and under the trade name Rheovis ® and Latekoll ® from BASF.
Novethix ™ L-10 polymer from Lubrizol ™ and Acusol 820 and Acusol ™ 823 be used by the company. Rohm and Haas and Rheovis ® and Latekoll ® from BASF as rheology modifiers preferred, preferably in detergents and cleaning agents. Very particular preference is Novethix ™ L-10 polymer and Rheovis ®, wherein Novethix ™ L-10 polymer is most preferred. Novethix ™ L-10 Polymer is an (INCI :) Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate copolymer that has a viscosity of 15 mPa.s (Brookfield RVT @ 20 rpm, 25 ° C, and a pH of 3.0 and haze of <20 NTU (DRT-100B Turbidimeter (HF Scientific), 1wt% TS Gel Properties at pH = 7.5 (neutralized with NaOH)). - ii) ASE type polymers are solubilized alkali-soluble polymers. Preference is given to aqueous solutions of alkali-soluble emulsion polymers. This type of polymer is analogous to the HASE polymer and can be represented, for example, by the following formula II:
Thus, formula IIa shows a more general formula of an ASE polymer which can also be used as a rheology modifier in the present invention:
Suitable ASE polymer compositions used as rheology modifiers in the present invention are available under the tradenames Aculyn ™ 38 Acusol ™ 810A, Acusol ™ 830, Acusol ™ 835, Acusol ™ 842 from Rohm and Haas and below trade names Polygel ® from neochem (Polygel W400) and under the trade name Viscalex ®, ® and Latecoll Collacral® ® from BASF.
Acusol ™ 835, Acusol ™ 842 are neochem by the company. Rohm and Haas and Polygel ® by the company (Polygel W400) and Viscalex ®, ® and Latecoll Collacral® ® from BASF preferably used, preferably in detergents and cleaners. Most particularly preferred are Polygel W400 and Latecoll ®.
Geeignete Silikate sind vorzugsweise Schichtsilikate, welche ein Gemisch aus mehreren Komponenten besteht. Vorzugsweise enthält so ein Schichtsilikat folgende Zusammensetzung: 40% bis 60% SiO2, 20% bis 30% MgO, 0.3% bis 0.9% Li2O, 1.5% bis 3% Na2O, wobei ein solches Schichtsilikat vorzugsweise ein BET von 345 m2/g bis 390 m2/g aufweist. Besonders bevorzugte Schichtsilikate, deren Zusammensetzung aus 50% bis 60% SiO2, 25% bis 28% MgO, 0.5% bis 0.8% Li2O, 2.0% bis 2.8% Na2O besteht und vorzugsweise ein BET von 355 m2/g bis 380 m2/g aufweist. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Schichtsilikate, die aus 59.5% SiO2, 27.5% MgO, 0.8% LiO2 und 2.8% Na2O bestehen und ein BET von 370 m2/g und einen pH-Wert von 9.8 (2% Suspension) aufweist.Suitable silicates are preferably phyllosilicates, which consists of a mixture of several components. Such a sheet silicate preferably contains the following composition: 40% to 60
Geeignete Schichtsilikate, die als Rheologie-Modifizierer in der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden, sind erhältlich unter dem Handelsnamen Laponite® OG, Laponite ®EP, Laponite® RD von Rockwood.Suitable layer silicates which are used as rheology modifiers in the present invention are available under the trade name Laponite ® OG, Laponite ® EP, Laponite ® RD from Rockwood.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem als Rheologie-Modifizierer 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate oder eine Mischung aus Schichtsilikaten mit Polyacrylaten, insbesondere HASE-Polymeren oder ASE-Polymeren.In a preferred embodiment, the stabilization system according to the invention comprises, as rheology modifier, 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate or a mixture of phyllosilicates with polyacrylates, in particular HASE polymers or ASE polymers.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate als Rheologie-Modifizierer, das vorzugsweise Thixcin® ist.In a preferred embodiment stabilization system of the invention includes 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate as a rheology modifier, which is preferably Thixcin ®.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem als Rheologie-Modifizierer eine Mischung aus einem Schichtsilikat mit einem Polyacrylaten, wobei der Schichtsilikat vorzugsweise folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist: etwa 40 bis 60 Gew.-% SiO2, etwa 20 bis 30 Gew.-% MgO, etwa 0.3 bis 0.9 Gew.-% Li2O, etwa 1,5 bis 3 Gew.-% Na2O, wobei ein solches Schichtsilikat vorzugsweise ein BET von etwa 345 bis 390 m2/g.In a preferred embodiment, the stabilization system according to the invention comprises as a rheology modifier a mixture of a layered silicate with a polyacrylate, wherein the layered silicate preferably has the following composition: about 40 to 60% by weight SiO 2 , about 20 to 30% by weight MgO, about 0.3 to 0.9 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 1.5 to 3 wt .-% Na 2 O, wherein such a layered silicate is preferably a BET of about 345 to 390 m 2 / g.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem als Rheologie-Modifizierer ein HASE-Polymer oder ein ASE-Polymer. Vorzugsweise ist das Polyacrylat (INCI:) Acrylates/Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, das vorzugsweise Novethix™L-10 Polymer ist.In a preferred embodiment, the stabilization system according to the invention comprises as rheology modifier a HASE polymer or an ASE polymer. Preferably, the polyacrylate (INCI :) is Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, which is preferably Novethix ™ L-10 Polymer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem als Rheologie-Modifizierer ein Polyacrylat , dass ein Latex Polyacrylat ist, insbesondere eine anionische Polyacrylatemulsion, das vorzugsweise Polygel W 301 ist.In a preferred embodiment, the stabilization system according to the invention comprises, as rheology modifier, a polyacrylate such that a latex is polyacrylate, in particular an anionic polyacrylate emulsion, which is preferably W 301 polyalkylene.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem als Rheologie-Modifizierer ein Polyacrylat , dass eine Polyacrylatemulsion ist, welche etwa 30Gew.% aktives Material umfasst, das bevorzugt Polygel W400 ist.In a preferred embodiment, the stabilization system of the invention comprises, as a rheology modifier, a polyacrylate which is a polyacrylate emulsion comprising about 30% by weight of active material, which is preferably W400 polyurea.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem als Rheologie-Modifizierer ein Polyacrylat , dass eine vernetzte Polyacrylatdispersion ist, welche etwa 30Gew.% aktives Material umfasst, das bevorzugt Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer ist.In a preferred embodiment stabilization system of the invention comprises a polyacrylate as a rheology modifier that is a crosslinked polyacrylate which, which is preferably Carbopol ® Aqua is about 30wt.% Active material comprising 30 polymer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das Schichtsilikat aus 59.5 Gew.-% SiO2, 27.5 Gew.-% MgO, 0.8 Gew.-% Li2O und 2.8 Gew.-% Na2O und weist ein BET von 370 m2/g und einen pH-Wert von 9.8 (2% Suspension) auf. Vorzugsweise ist das zu verwendende Schichtsilikat Laponite® OG.In a preferred embodiment, the phyllosilicate consists of 59.5% by weight of SiO 2 , 27.5% by weight of MgO, 0.8% by weight of Li 2 O and 2.8% by weight of Na 2 O and has a BET of 370 m 2 / g and a pH of 9.8 (2% suspension). Preferably, the layered silicate Laponite ® OG to use.
Bei der Verwendung in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln liegt vorzugsweise die Menge des Schichtsilikats im Verhältnis zum Polyacrylat von 0.025:1 bis 1: 50, vorzugsweise von 0.05:1 bis 1:20, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 0.075:1-1:13.3.When used in detergents and cleaning agents, the amount of phyllosilicate in relation to the polyacrylate is preferably from 0.025: 1 to 1:50, preferably from 0.05: 1 to 1:20, very particularly preferably from 0.075: 1-1: 13.3.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe in den zu stabilisierenden Kapseln vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehen aus Duftstoffen, Gerüststoffen, Bleichaktivatoren, Enzymen, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Farbstoffen, Hydrotopen, antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen, Germiziden, Fungiziden, Antioxidantien. Besonders bevorzugt sind diese Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe Duftstoffe, Gerüststoffe und Enzyme. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind in den Kapseln Duftstoffe enthalten.In a preferred embodiment, the active substances and ingredients in the capsules to be stabilized are preferably selected from the group consisting of fragrances, builders, bleach activators, enzymes, grayness inhibitors, dyes, hydrotopes, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants. Especially preferred these active substances and ingredients are fragrances, builders and enzymes. Very particular preference is given to containing fragrances in the capsules.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Stabilisierungssystems, umfassend mindestens einen Rheologie-Modifizierer, zur Herstellung von Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel. Hierbei sind die Inhaltsstoffe der Kapseln vorzugsweise Duftstoffe, welche ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der Aldehyde-, Keton- Duftstoffe, Pro-Drugs oder Mischungen daraus. Vorzugsweise werden die Duftstoffkapseln im Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel durch den Rheologie-Modifizierer in der Art stabilisiert, dass die Kapseln nicht sedimentieren oder nach oben steigen, sondern in der Schwebe gehalten werden.The invention further relates to the use of the stabilization system according to the invention, comprising at least one rheology modifier, for the production of detergents and cleaners. In this case, the ingredients of the capsules are preferably fragrances which are selected from the group of aldehyde, ketone fragrances, prodrugs or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the fragrance capsules in the detergent and cleaner are stabilized by the rheology modifier such that the capsules do not sediment or rise, but are held in suspension.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem die Verwendung von mindestens einem Rheologie-Modifizierer , nämlich 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate oder eine Mischung aus Schichtsilikaten mit Polyacrylaten, vorzugsweise HASE-Polymeren oder ASE-Polymeren zur Stabilisierung von Duftstoffkapseln in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel.The invention also relates to the use of at least one rheology modifier, namely 2,3-bis (12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy) propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate or a mixture of layered silicates with polyacrylates, preferably HASE polymers or ASE polymers for stabilizing perfume capsules in laundry and cleaning agents.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Rheologie-Modifizierer 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate, das vorzugsweise Thixcin® ist.In a preferred embodiment the rheology modifier comprises 2,3-bis-propyl 12 hydroxyoctadecanoate (12 hydroxyoctadecanoloxy), which is preferably Thixcin ®.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Rheologie-Modifizierer eine Mischung aus einem Schichtsilikat mit einem Polyacrylaten, wobei der Schichtsilikat vorzugsweise folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist: etwa 40 bis 60 Gew.-% SiO2, etwa 20 bis 30 Gew.-% MgO, etwa 0.3 bis 0.9 Gew.-% Li2O, etwa 1.5 bis 3 Gew.-% Na2O, wobei ein solches Schichtsilikat vorzugsweise ein BET von etwa 345 bis 390 m2/g.In a preferred embodiment, the rheology modifier comprises a mixture of a layered silicate with a polyacrylate, wherein the layered silicate preferably has the following composition: about 40 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2 , about 20 to 30 wt .-% MgO, about 0.3 to 0.9 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 1.5 to 3 wt .-% Na 2 O, wherein such a layered silicate is preferably a BET of about 345 to 390 m 2 / g.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polyacrylat ein HASE-Polymer oder ein ASE-Polymer. Vorzugsweise ist das Polyacrylat (INCI:) Acrylates/Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, das vorzugsweise Novethix™L-10 Polymer ist.In a preferred embodiment, the polyacrylate is a HASE polymer or an ASE polymer. Preferably, the polyacrylate (INCI :) is Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, which is preferably Novethix ™ L-10 Polymer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polyacrylat ein Latex Polyacrylat, insbesondere eine anionische Polyacrylatemulsion, das vorzugsweise das Polygel W 301 ist.In a preferred embodiment, the polyacrylate is a latex polyacrylate, in particular an anionic polyacrylate emulsion, which is preferably the W 301 polymer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polyacrylat eine Polyacrylatemulsion, welche etwa 30 Gew.-% aktives Material umfasst, das bevorzugt Polygel W400 ist.In a preferred embodiment, the polyacrylate is a polyacrylate emulsion comprising about 30% by weight of active material, which is preferably W400 polyurea.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Polyacrylat eine vernetzte Polyacrylatdispersion, welche etwa 30 Gew.-% aktives Material umfasst, das bevorzugt Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer ist.In a preferred embodiment, the polyacrylate is a crosslinked polyacrylate dispersion comprising about 30 wt .-% of active material, the preferred Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das Schichtsilikat aus 59.5 Gew.-% SiO2, 27.5 Gew.-% MgO, 0.8 Gew.-% Li2O und 2.8% Na2O und weist ein BET von etwa 370 m2/g und einen pH-Wert von 9.8 (2% Suspension) auf. Vorzugsweise ist das zu verwendende Schichsilikat Laponite® OG.In a preferred embodiment, the layered silicate consists of 59.5 wt .-% SiO 2 , 27.5 wt .-% MgO, 0.8 wt .-% Li 2 O and 2.8% Na 2 O and has a BET of about 370 m 2 / g and a pH of 9.8 (2% suspension). Preferably, the Schichsilikat Laponite ® OG to use.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, die mindestens einen Rheologie-Modifizierer zur Stabilisierung von Kapseln mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchen- Größenverteilung von 0.1 nm bis 1mm umfassen. Der Rheologie-Modifizierer ist vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gehärteten Castorölen, gehärteten Castorwachsen, Schichtsilikaten, Polyacrylaten oder Mischungen daraus, wobei die Polyacrylate bevorzugt Latex Polyacrylate, Polyacrylatemulsionen, Polyacrylatdispersionen oder Polymere vom Typ Hase oder ASE sind. Erfindungsgemäße Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln liegen bevorzugt als flüssige Emulsionen, Suspensionen oder Dispersionen vor und enthalten Rheologie-Modifizierer im Bereich von 0.01 Gew.% bis 40 Gew.%, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0.1 Gew.% bis 30 Gew.%, und ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0.15 Gew.% bis 25 Gew.%, auf die gesamte Zubereitung.The present invention also relates to detergents and cleaners which comprise at least one rheology modifier for stabilizing capsules having an average particle size distribution of 0.1 nm to 1 mm. The rheology modifier is preferably selected from the group consisting of cured castor oils, cured castor waxes, layered silicates, polyacrylates, or mixtures thereof, wherein the polyacrylates are preferably latex polyacrylates, polyacrylate emulsions, polyacrylate dispersions, or hare or ASE polymers. Detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention are preferably present as liquid emulsions, suspensions or dispersions and contain Rheology modifier in the range of 0.01% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1% by weight to 30% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 0.15% by weight to 25% by weight, on the whole Preparation.
Bevorzugte flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel enthalten das Polyacrylat in einer Menge von etwa 0.01 bis 10 Gew.-% und bevorzugt etwa 0.15 bis 5 Gew.-%.Preferred liquid detergents and cleaners contain the polyacrylate in an amount of about 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, and preferably about 0.15 to 5 wt .-%.
Das Verhältnis von Schichtsilikaten zu Polyacrylat in den erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln liegt vorzugsweise von etwa 0.025:1 bis 1: 50, vorzugsweise von etwa 0.05:1 bis 1:20, ganz besonders bevorzugt vonetwa 0.075:1-1:13.3.The ratio of phyllosilicates to polyacrylate in the detergents and cleaners of the invention is preferably from about 0.025: 1 to 1:50, preferably from about 0.05: 1 to 1:20, most preferably from about 0.075: 1-1: 13.3.
Weiterhin können erfindungsgemäße Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel eine Lösungsmittelkomponente enthalten, umfassend Dipropylenglykol. Insbesondere bevorzugt umfasst die Lösungsmittelkomponente Dipropylenglykol und 1,2-Propandiol. Das Verhältnis von Dipropylenglykol zu 1,2-Propandiol beträgt vorteilhafterweise zwischen 3: 1 und 1: 3 und beträgt ganz besonders bevorzugt 1: 1. Die Menge an der Lösungsmittelkomponente bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Wasch- und Reinigungsmittels beträgt etwa 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% und bevorzugt etwa 2 bis 9 Gew.-%.Furthermore, detergents and cleaners according to the invention may contain a solvent component comprising dipropylene glycol. Most preferably, the solvent component comprises dipropylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol. The ratio of dipropylene glycol to 1,2-propanediol is advantageously between 3: 1 and 1: 3 and is most preferably 1: 1. The amount of the solvent component based on the total amount of the detergent and cleaning agent is about 0.5 to 15 Wt .-% and preferably about 2 to 9 wt .-%.
Die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel sind insbesondere bevorzugt wässrig, das heißt sie weisen einen Gehalt an Wasser von größer 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt größer 15 Gew.-% und insbesondere bevorzugt größer 25 Gew.-% auf.The detergents and cleaners are particularly preferably aqueous, that is to say they have a water content of greater than 5% by weight, preferably greater than 15% by weight and more preferably greater than 25% by weight.
Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel enthaltenen Wirk- und Inhaltsstoffe werden im Folgenden eingehend beschrieben. Die Liste dieser Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe sind jedoch nicht einschränkend und können weitere Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe umfassen, die nicht unten weiter erläutert sind.The active ingredients and ingredients contained in the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention are described in detail below. However, the list of such active ingredients and ingredients is not limiting and may include other active ingredients and ingredients that are not further discussed below.
Bevorzugt eingesetzte Duftstoffe bzw. Parfümöle, die in die Mittel inkorporiert werden können, sind keinerlei Beschränkungen unterworfen. So können als Duftstoffe einzelne Riechstoffverbindungen, sowohl synthetische oder natürliche Verbindungen vom Typ der Ester, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole ,Kohlenwasserstoffe, Säuren, Kohlensäureester, aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, gesättigte und/oder ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe und Mischungen daraus verwendet werden. Als Duftaldehyde oder Duftketone können dabei alle üblichen Duftaldehyde und Duftketone eingesetzt werden, die typischerweise zur Herbeiführung eines angenehmen Duftempfindens eingesetzt werden. Geeignete Duftaldehyde und Duftketone sind dem Fachmann allgemein bekannt. Die Duftketone können alle Ketone umfassen, die einen erwünschtem Duft oder ein Frischeempfinden verleihen können. Es können auch Gemische unterschiedlicher Ketone eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise kann das Keton ausgewählt sein aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Buccoxim, Iso jasmon, Methyl beta naphthyl keton, Moschus indanon, Tonalid/Moschus plus, Alpha-Damascon, Beta-Damascon, Delta-Damascon,lso-Damascon, Damascenon, Damarose, Methyl-dihydrojasmonat, Menthon, Carvon, Campher, Fenchon, Alphalonen, Beta-Ionon, Dihydro-Beta-Ionon, Gamma-Methyl so genanntes Ionon, Fleuramon, Dihydrojasmon, Cis-Jasmon, Iso-E-Super, Methyl-cedrenyl-keton oder Methyl-cedrylon,Acetophenon, Methyl-acetophenon, Para-Methoxy-acetophenon, Methyl-beta-naphtyl-keton,Benzyl-aceton, Benzophenon, Para-Hydroxy-phenyl-butanon, Celery Keton oder Livescon,6-Isopropyldecahydro-2-naphton, Dimethyl-octenon, Freskomenth, 4-(I-Ethoxyvinyl)-3,3,5,5,-tetramethyl-cyclohexanon,Methyl-heptenon, 2-(2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)-cyclopentanon, 1-(p-Menthen-6(2)-yl)-1-propanon,4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanon, 2-Acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-norbornan, 6,7-Dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanon,4-Damascol, Dulcinyl or Cassion, Gelson, Hexalon, Isocyclemon E, Methyl-cyclocitron, Methyl-Lavendel-keton, Orivon, Para-tert-butyl-cyclohexanon, Verdon, Delphon, Muscon, Neobutenon, Plicaton, Velouton, 2,4,4,7-Tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-on, Tetrameran, Hedionund Gemischen davon. Bevorzugt können die Ketone ausgewählt sein aus AlphaDamascon, Delta Damascon, Iso Damascon, Carvon, Gamma-Methyl-ionon, Iso-E-Super,2,4,4,7-Tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-on, Benzylaceton, Beta Damascon, Damascenon, Methyldihydrojasmonat, Methyl-cedrylon, Hedion und Gemischen davon.Preferred perfumes or perfume oils which can be incorporated into the compositions are not subject to any restrictions. Thus, as perfumes, individual fragrance compounds, both synthetic or natural compounds of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, acids, carbonic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated and / or unsaturated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof can be used. As fragrant aldehydes or Duftketone thereby all usual fragrance aldehydes and fragrance ketones can be used, which are typically used to bring about a pleasant fragrance sensation. Suitable fragrance aldehydes and fragrance ketones are well known to those skilled in the art. The fragrance ketones can all comprise ketones which can impart a desired fragrance or sensation of freshness. It is also possible to use mixtures of different ketones. For example, the ketone may be selected from the group consisting of buccoxime, iso-jasmon, methyl-beta-naphthyl ketone, musk indanone, tartaloid / musk plus, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, delta-damascone, iso-damascone, damascenone, damarose, Methyl dihydrojasmonate, menthone, carvone, camphor, fenchone, alphalons, beta-ionone, dihydro-beta-ionone, gamma-methyl so-called ionone, fleuramon, dihydrojasmon, cis-jasmone, iso-e-super, methyl-cedrenyl ketone or methyl-cedrylon, acetophenone, methyl-acetophenone, para-methoxy-acetophenone, methyl-beta-naphthyl-ketone, benzyl-acetone, benzophenone, para-hydroxy-phenyl-butanone, Celery ketone or Livescon, 6-isopropyldecahydro-2-one naphthone, dimethyl octenone, Freskomenth, 4- (I-ethoxyvinyl) -3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexanone, methyl-heptenone, 2- (2- (4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl) -propyl) -cyclopentanone, 1- (p-menthene-6 (2) -yl) -1-propanone, 4- (4-hydroxy-3 -methoxyphenyl) -2-butanone, 2-acetyl-3,3-dimethyl-norbornane, 6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4 (5H) -indanone, 4-damascol, dulcinyl or Cassion, Gelson, Hexalon, Isocyclone E, methyl-cyclocitron, methyl-lavender-ketone, Orivon, para-tert-butyl-cyclohexanone, Verdon, Delphon, Muscone, Neobutenon, Plicaton, Velouton, 2,4,4,7- Tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-one, tetrameran, hedione and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the ketones may be selected from alpha damascone, delta damascone, iso damascone, carvone, gamma-methyl-ionone, iso-E-super, 2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-one, benzylacetone , Beta Damascone, Damascenone, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, Methyl Cedrylon, Hedione and mixtures thereof.
Geeignete Duftaldehyde können beliebige Aldehyde sein, die entsprechend der Duftketone einen gewünschten Duft oder eine Frischeempfinden vermitteln. Es kann sich wiederum um einzelne Aldehyde oder Aldehydgemische handeln. Geeignete Aldehyde sind beispielsweise Melonal, Triplal, Ligustral, Adoxal, Anisaldehyd, Cymal,Ethylvanillin, Florhydral, Floralozon, Helional, Heliotropin, Hydroxycitronellal, Koavon, Laurinaldehyd, Canthoxal, Lyral, Lilial, Adoxal, Anisaldehyd, Cumal Methyl-nonyl-acetaldehyd, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd, Bourgeonal, p,t-Bucinal, Phenylacetaldehyd, Undecylenaldehyd, Vanillin; 2,6,10-Trimethyl-9-undecenal, 3-Dodecen-l-al,alpha-n-Amylzimtaldehyd, 4-Methoxybenzaldehyd, Benzaldehyd, 3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-propanal,2-Methyl-3-(paramethoxyphenylpropanal), 2-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2(1)-cyclohexen-1-yl)butanal,3-Phenyl-2-propenal, cis-/trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-I-al, 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-I-al,[(3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenyl)oxy]acetaldehyd, 4-Isopropylbenzyaldehyd, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-8,8-Dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyd,2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxyaldehyd, 2-Methyl-3-(isopropylphenyl)propanal, Decyl aldehyd, 2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal; 4-(tricyclo[5.2. 1.0 (2,6)]-decylidene-8)-butanal;Octahydro-4,7-methano-IH-indenecarboxaldehyd; 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyd, para-Ethyl-alpha,alpha-dimethylhydrozimtaldehyd, alpha-Methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-hydrozimtaldehyd,3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyd, alpha-n-Hexylzimtaldehyd, m-Cymene-7-carboxaldehyd,alpha-Methylphenylacetaldehyd, 7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl octanal, Undecenal, 2,4,6-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-I-carboxaldehyd,4-(3)(4-Methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexen-carboxaldehyd, 1-Dodecanal, 2,4-Dimethylcyclohexene-3-carboxaldehyd,4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentyl)-3-cylohexene-I-carboxaldehyd, 7-Methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-al,2-Methyl undecanal, 2-Methyl decanal, 1-nonanal, 1-Octanal, 2,6,10-Trimethyl-5,9-undecadienal,2-Methyl-3-(4-tertbutyl)propanal, 3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2,2-Dimethylpropanal, 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal,Methylnonylacetaldehyd, 2-Phenylpropan-1-al, 3-Phenylprop-2-en-1-al, 3-Phenyl-2-pentylprop-2-en-1-al,3-Phenyl-2-hexylprop-2-enal, 3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-al, 3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-al,3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methyl-propanal, 3-(3,4-Methylendioxy-phenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-al,3-(4-Ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal, 3-(3-Isopropylphenyl)-butan-1-al, 2,6-Dimethylhept-5-en-1-al,Dihydrozimtaldehyd, 1-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyd,5 oder 6 Methoxyhexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1 oder 2-carboxyaldehyd, 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-al,1-Undecanal,10-Undecen-1-al, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyd, 1-Methyl-3-(4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-carboxyaldehyd,7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octanal; trans-4-decenal, 2,6-Nonadienal, para-Tolylacetaldehyd;4-Methylphenylacetaldehyd, 2-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenal,ortho-Methoxyzimtaldehyd, 3,5,6-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyd, 3,7-Dimethyl-2-methylene-6-octenal,Phenoxyacetaldehyd; 5,9-Dimethyl-4,8-decadienal, Peony aldehydSuitable fragrance aldehydes may be any aldehydes which, in accordance with the fragrance ketones, impart a desired fragrance or sensation of freshness. In turn, they may be individual aldehydes or aldehyde mixtures. Suitable aldehydes are, for example, Melonal, Triplal, Ligustral, Adoxal, Anisaldehyde, Cymal, Ethylvanillin, Florhydral, Floralozon, Helional, Heliotropin, Hydroxycitronellal, Koavon, Laurinaldehyde, Canthoxal, Lyral, Lilial, Adoxal, Anisaldehyde, Cumal Methyl-nonyl-acetaldehyde, Citronellal , Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Bourgeonal, p, t-Bucinal, Phenylacetaldehyde, Undecylenaldehyde, Vanillin; 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenal, 3-dodecene-1-al, alpha-n-amylcinnamaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -propanal, 2-methyl-3- (paramethoxyphenylpropanal), 2-methyl-4- (2,6,6-trimethyl-2 (1) -cyclohexen-1-yl) butanal, 3-phenyl-2-propenal, cis- / trans-3,7-dimethyl 2,6-octadiene-1-al, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene-1-al, [(3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl) oxy] acetaldehyde, 4-isopropylbenzyaldehyde, 1,2,3 , 4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde, 2-methyl-3- (isopropylphenyl) propanal, decyl aldehyde , 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal; 4- (tricyclo [5.2.1.0.2,6)] decylidene-8) -butanal; octahydro-4,7-methano-IH-indenecarboxaldehyde; 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, para-ethyl-alpha, alpha-dimethylhydrocinnamaldehyde, alpha-methyl-3,4- (methylenedioxy) -hydrocinnamaldehyde, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, alpha-n-hexylcinnamaldehyde, m-cymene-7 carboxaldehyde, alpha-methylphenylacetaldehyde, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl octanal, undecenal, 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 4- (3) (4-methyl-3-pentenyl) - 3-cyclohexene-carboxaldehyde, 1-dodecanal, 2,4-dimethylcyclohexene-3-carboxaldehyde, 4- (4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl) -3-cylohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctane 1-al, 2-methyl undecanal, 2-methyl decanal, 1-nonanal, 1-octanal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienal, 2-methyl-3- (4-tert-butyl) propanal, 3- (4-ethylphenyl) -2,2-dimethylpropanal, 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -2-methylpropanal, methylnonylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylpropan-1-al, 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-al, 3 Phenyl-2-pentylprop-2-en-1-al, 3-phenyl-2-hexylprop-2-enal, 3- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-methylpropan-1-al, 3- (4-ethylphenyl) - 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-al, 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -2-methyl-propanal, 3- (3 , 4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -2-methylpropan-1-al, 3- (4-ethylphenyl) -2,2-dimethylpropanal, 3- (3-isopropylphenyl) -butan-1-al, 2,6-dimethylhept- 5-en-1-al, dihydrocinnamaldehyde, 1-methyl-4- (4-methyl-3-pentenyl) -3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 5 or 6 methoxyhexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1 or 2-carboxyaldehyde , 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-al, 1-undecanal, 10-undecene-1-al, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 1-methyl-3- (4-methylpentyl) -3-cyclohexene-carboxyaldehyde, 7 hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octanal; trans-4-decenal, 2,6-nonadienal, para-tolylacetaldehyde, 4-methylphenylacetaldehyde, 2-methyl-4- (2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl) -2-butenal, ortho Methoxycinnamaldehyde, 3,5,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 3,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-octenal, phenoxyacetaldehyde; 5,9-dimethyl-4,8-decadienal, Peony aldehyde
(6,10-dimethyl-3-oxa-5,9-undecadien-1-al),Hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1-carboxaldehyd, Octanal, 2-Methyl octanal, alpha-Methyl-4-(I-methylethyl)benzeneacetaldehyd,6,6-Dimethyl-2-norpinene-2-propionaldehyd, para Methyl phenoxy acetaldehyd, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-a1,3,5,5-Trimethylhexanal, Hexahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyd, 3-Propyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyd,9-Decenal, 3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1-pentanal, Methylnonyl acetaldehyd, 1-p-Menthene-q-carboxaldehyd,Citral oder Gemische davon, Lilial citral, 1-Decanal, n-Undecanal, n-Dodecanal, Florhydral, 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyd 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde,3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-Methylendioxybenzaldehyd und 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehydund Gemische davon. Wie vorstehend beispielhaft ausgeführt, können die Duftaldehyde und Duftketone eine aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, aromatische, ethylenisch ungesättigte Struktur oder eine Kombination dieser Strukturen aufweisen. Es können fernerweitere Heteroatome oder polycyclische Strukturen vorliegen. Die Strukturen können geeignete Substituenten wie Hydroxyl- oder Aminogruppen aufweisen. Für weitere geeignete Duftstoffe, ausgewählt aus
Geeignete Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Ester sind beispielsweise Benzylacetat, Phenoxyethylisobutyrat, p-tert.-Butylcyclohexylacetat, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetat (DMBCA), Phenylethylacetat, Benzylacetat, Ethylmethylphenylglycinat, Allylcyclohexylpropionat, Styrallylpropionat, Benzylsalicylat, Cyclohexylsalicylat, Floramat, Melusat und Jasmacyclat. Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Kohlenwasserstoffen sind z.B. Terpene wie Limonen und Pinen. Geeignete Duftstoffe vom Typ Ether sind beispielsweise Benzylethylether und Ambroxan. Geeignete Duftstoffalkohole sind beispielsweise 10-Undecen-1-ol, 2,6-Dimethylheptan-2-ol, 2-Methylbutanol, 2-Methylpentanol,2-Phenoxyethanol, 2-Phenylpropanol, 2-tert-Butycyclohexanol, 3,5,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol,3-Hexanol, 3-Methyl-5-phenylpentanol, 3-Octanol, 1-Octen-3-ol, 3-Phenylpropanol,4-Heptenol, 4-Isopropylcyclohexanol, 4-tert-Butycyclohexanol, 6,8-Dimethyl-2-nonanol,6-Nonen-1-ol, 9-Decen-1-ol, alpha-Methylbenzylalkohol, alpha-Terpineol, Amylsalicylat,Benzylalkohol, Benzylsalicylat, beta-Terpineol, Butylsalicylat,Citronellol, Cyclohexylsalicylat, Decanol, Dihydromyrcenol, Dimethylbenzylcarbinol,Dimethylheptanol, Dimethyloctanol, Ethylsalicylat, Ethylvanilin, Anethol, Eugenol,Geraniol, Heptanol, Hexylsalicylat, Isoborneol, Isoeugenol, Isopulegol, Linalool,Menthol, Myrtenol, n-Hexanol, Nerol, Nonanol, Octanol, para-Menthan-7-ol, Phenylethylalkohol,Phenol, Phenylsalicylat, Tetrahydrogeraniol, Tetrahydrolinalool, Thymol, trans-2-cis-6-Nonadienol,trans-2-Nonen-1-ol, trans-2-Octenol, Undecanol, Vanillin, Zimtalkohol, wobei, wenn mehrere Duftstoffalkohole vorhanden sind, diese unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sein können.Suitable fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate (DMBCA), phenylethylacetate, benzylacetate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate, benzylsalicylate, cyclohexylsalicylate, floramate, melusate and jasmacyclate. Fragrance compounds of the hydrocarbon type are known e.g. Terpenes like limes and pinas. Suitable fragrances of the ether type are, for example, benzyl ethyl ether and ambroxan. Suitable perfume alcohols are, for example, 10-undecen-1-ol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol, 2-methylbutanol, 2-methylpentanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-phenylpropanol, 2-tert-butycyclohexanol, 3,5,5- Trimethylcyclohexanol, 3-hexanol, 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-heptenol, 4-isopropylcyclohexanol, 4-tert-butycyclohexanol, 6,8-dimethyl 2-nonanol, 6-nonen-1-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol, alpha-terpineol, amyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate, beta-terpineol, butyl salicylate, citronellol, cyclohexyl salicylate, decanol, dihydromyrcenol, dimethylbenzylcarbinol, Dimethylheptanol, dimethyloctanol, ethyl salicylate, ethylvaniline, anethole, eugenol, geraniol, heptanol, hexyl salicylate, isoborneol, isoeugenol, isopulegol, linalool, menthol, myrtenol, n-hexanol, nerol, nonanol, octanol, para-menthane-7-ol, phenylethyl alcohol, Phenol, phenyl salicylate, tetrahydrogeraniol, tetrahydrolinalool, thymol, trans-2-cis-6-nonadienol, trans-2-nonen-1-ol, trans-2-octenol, Undecanol, vanillin, cinnamyl alcohol, where, if more fragrance alcohols are present, these may be selected independently of each other.
Duftstoffe bzw. Parfümöle können auch natürliche Riechstoffgemische sein, wie sie aus pflanzlichen Quellen zugänglich sind, z.B. Pine-, Citrus-, Jasmin-, Patchouly-, Rosen- oder Ylang-Ylang-öl. Ebenfallsgeeignet sind Muskateller-Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl, Melissenöl,Minzöl, Zimtblaetteröl, Lindenbluetenöl, Wacholderbeeröl, Vetiveröl, Olibanumöl, Galbanumöl und Labdanumöl sowie Orangenblütenöl, Neroliöl, Orangenschalenöl und Sandelholzöl. Ätherischen Öle wie Angelikawurzelöl, Anisöl, Arnikablütenöl, Basilikumöl, Bayöl, Champacablütenöl, Edeltannenöl, Edeltannenzapfenöl, Elemiöl, Eukalyptusöl, Fenchelöl, Fichtennadelöl, Galbanumöl, Geraniumöl, Gingergrasöl, Guajakholzöl, Gurjunbalsamöl, Helichrysumöl, Ho-öl, Ingweröl, Irisöl, Kajeputöl, Kalmusöl, Kamillenöl, Kampferöl, Kanagaöl, Kardamomenöl, Kassiaöl, Kiefernnadelöl, Kopaivabalsamöl, Korianderöl, Krauseminzeöl, Kümmelöl, Kuminöl, Lavendelöl, Lemongrasöl, Limette-öl, Mandarinenoel, Melissenöl, Moschuskerneröl, Myrrhenöl, Nelkenöl, Neroliöl, Niaouliöl, Olibanumöl, Origanumöl, Palmarosaöl, Patchuliöl,Perubalsamöl, Petitgrainöl, Pfefferöl, Pfefferminzöl, Pimentöl, Pine-öl, Rosenöl, Rosmarinöl, Sandelholzöl, Sellerieöl, Spiköl, Sternanisöl, Terpentinöl, Thujaöl, Thymianöl, Verbenaöl, Vetiveröl, Wacholderbeeröl, Wermutöl, Wintergrünöl, Ylang-Ylang-öl, Y-sop-öl, Zimtöl, Zimtblätteröl, Zitronellöl, Zitronenöl sowie Zypressenöl.Fragrances or perfume oils can also be natural fragrance mixtures, as are obtainable from plant sources, for example pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are Muscat sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil, and orange blossom oil, neroli oil, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil. Essential oils such as angelica root oil, aniseed oil, arnica blossom oil, basil oil, bay oil, champacabell oil, fir pine oil, pinecone oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, pine needle oil, galbanum oil, geranium oil, ginger grass oil, guaiac wood oil, gurdybum oil, helichrysum oil, Ho oil, ginger oil, iris oil, cajeput oil, calamus oil, camomile oil, camphor oil, kanga oil, cardamom oil, cassia oil, pine oil, copaiba balsam, coriander oil, spearmint oil, caraway oil, cumin oil, lavender oil, lemongrass oil, lime oil, tangerine oil, lemon balm oil, musk nut oil, myrrh oil, Clove oil, Neroli oil, Niaouli oil, Olibanum oil, Origanum oil, Palmarosa oil, Patchouli oil, Peru balsam oil, Petitgrain oil, Pepper oil, Peppermint oil, Pimento oil, Pine oil, Rose oil, Rosemary oil, Sandalwood oil, Celery oil, Spik oil, Star aniseed oil, Turpentine oil, Thuja oil, Thyme oil, Verbena oil, Vetiver oil, Juniper berry oil, wormwood oil, wintergreen oil, ylang-ylang oil, Y-sop oil, cinnamon oil, cinnamon oil, lemon oil, lemon oil and cypress oil.
Ebenfalls als Duftstoff geeignet sind sogenannte Duftstoffvorläufer (Pro-Drug). Bei dieser Klasse von Verbindungen handelt es sich um Verbindungen, welche durch das Aufbrechen einer chemischen Bindung, beispielsweise durch Hydrolyse, ein erwünschtes Geruchs- und/oder Duftstoffmolekül freisetzt. Typischerweise wird zur Bildung eines Duftstoffvorläufers ein gewünschtes Duftstoffrohmaterial chemisch mit einem Träger, vorzugsweise einem geringfügig flüchtigen oder mäßig flüchtigen Träger, verbunden. Die Kombination führt zu einem weniger flüchtigen und stärker hydrophoben Duftstoffvorläufer mit verbesserter Anlagerung auf Stoffen. Der Duftstoff wird danach durch Aufbrechen der Bindung zwischen dem Duftstoffrohmaterial und dem Träger freigesetzt, beispielsweise durch eine Veränderung des pH-Werts (z. B. durch Transpiration beim Tragen), Luftfeuchtigkeit, Wärme und/oder Sonnenlicht während der Lagerung oder des Trocknens auf der Wäscheleine.Also suitable as perfume are so-called perfume precursors (prodrugs). This class of compounds are compounds which release a desired odor and / or perfume molecule by the breaking of a chemical bond, for example by hydrolysis. Typically, to form a perfume precursor, a desired perfume raw material is chemically combined with a carrier, preferably a slightly volatile or moderately volatile carrier. The combination results in a less volatile and more hydrophobic perfume precursor with improved attachment to fabrics. The perfume is then released by breaking the bond between the perfume raw material and the carrier, for example, by a change in pH (eg, by perspiration upon wear), humidity, heat and / or sunlight during storage or drying on the skin Clothes line.
Das Duftstoffrohmaterial für Verwendung in Duftstoffvorläufern sind typischerweise gesättigte oder ungesättigte, flüchtige Verbindungen, die einen Alkohol, einen Aldehyd und/oder eine Ketongruppe enthalten. Zu den hierin nützlichen Duftstoffrohmaterialien gehören jegliche wohlriechenden Substanzen oder Mischungen von Substanzen, die bereits oben beschrieben wurden.The perfume raw material for use in perfume precursors are typically saturated or unsaturated volatile compounds containing an alcohol, an aldehyde and / or a ketone group. Fragrance raw materials useful herein include any fragrant substances or mixtures of substances already described above.
Besondere vorteilhafte, einsetzbare Duftstoffvorläufer gehorchen der Formel (III)
R-C(OR1)(OR2)-OR3 (III)
worin R Wasserstoff, lineares C1-C8-Alkyl, verzweigtes C3-C20-Alkyl, cyclisches C3-C20-Alkyl, verzweigtes cyclisches C6-C20-Alkyl, lineares C6-C20-Alkenyl, verzweigtes C6-C20-Alkenyl, cyclisches C6-C20-Alkenyl, verzweigtes cyclisches C6-C20-Alkenyl, substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C20-Aryl und Mischungen hiervon bedeutet; R1, R2 und R3 unabhängig lineares, verzweigtes oder substituiertes C1-C20-Alkyl; lineares, verzweigtes oder substituiertes C2-C20-Alkenyl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes, cyclisches C3-C20-Alkyl; substituiertes oder substituiertes C6-C20-Aryl, substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C2-C40-Alkylenoxy; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C3-C40-Alkylenoxyalkyl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C40-Alkylenaryl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C32-Aryloxy; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C40-Alkylenoxyaryl; C6-C40-Oxyalkylenaryl und Mischungen hiervon bedeuten. Der Einsatz solcher Substanzen, insbesondere in (vorzugsweise wasserunlöslichen) Mikrokapseln, entspricht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.Particular advantageous, useable perfume precursors obey the formula (III)
RC (OR 1 ) (OR 2 ) OR 3 (III)
in which R is hydrogen, linear C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 -alkyl, cyclic C 3 -C 20 -alkyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, linear C 6 -C 20 -alkenyl, branched C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, cyclic C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, and mixtures thereof; R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently linear, branched or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl; linear, branched or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 20 cyclic alkyl; substituted or substituted C 6 -C 20 -aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 40 -alkyleneoxy; substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 40 alkyleneoxyalkyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 40 alkylene aryl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 32 -aryloxy; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 40 alkyleneoxyaryl; C 6 -C 40 -Oxyalkylenaryl and mixtures thereof. The use of such substances, especially in (preferably water-insoluble) microcapsules, corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Weitere besonders vorteilhafte, einsetzbare Duftstoffvorläufer, sind Acetale oder Ketale, vorzugsweise gehorchend der Formel (IV)
R-C(R1)(OR3)-OR2 (IV)
worin R lineares C1-C20-Alkyl, verzweigtes C3-C20-Alcyl, cyclisches C6-C20-Alkyl, verzweigtes cyclisches C6-C20-Alkyl, lineares C2-C20-Alkenyl, verzweigtes C3-C20-Alkenyl, cyclisches C6-C20-Alkenyl, verzweigtes cyclisches C6-C20-Alkenyl, substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C20-Aryl und Mischungen hiervon ist; R1 Wasserstoff oder R ist; R2 und R3 jeweils unabhängig voneinander gewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus lineares C1-C20-Alkyl, verzweigtes C3-C20-Alkyl, cyclisches C3-C20-Alkyl, verzweigtes cyclisches C6-C20-Alkyl, lineares C6-C20-Alkenyl, verzweigtes C6-C20-Alkenyl, cyclisches C6-C20-Alkenyl, verzweigtes cyclisches C6-C20-Alkenyl, C6-C20-Aryl, substituiertes C7-C20-Aryl und Mischungen hiervon. Der Einsatz solcher Substanzen, insbesondere in (vorzugsweise wasserunlöslichen) Mikrokapseln, entspricht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.Further particularly advantageous, usable perfume precursors are acetals or ketals, preferably obeying the formula (IV)
RC (R 1 ) (OR 3 ) -OR 2 (IV)
wherein R is linear C 1 -C 20 alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 -alkyl, cyclic C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 -alkyl, linear C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, branched C 3 -C 20 alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 cyclic alkenyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 -aryl is C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, and mixtures thereof, substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 is hydrogen or R; R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of linear C 1 -C 20 alkyl, branched C 3 -C 20 alkyl, cyclic C 3 -C 20 alkyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 Alkyl, linear C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, branched C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, cyclic C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, branched cyclic C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted C 7 -C 20 aryl and mixtures thereof. The use of such substances, especially in (preferably water-insoluble) microcapsules, corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Weitere besonders vorteilhafte, einsetzbare Duftstoffvorläufer gehorchen der Formel (V)
R4O-C(OR1)(OR3)-OR2 (V)
worin R1, R2, R3 und R4 unabhängig voneinander lineares, verzweigtes oder substituiertes C1-C20-Alkyl; lineares, verzweigtes oder subsituiertes C2-C20-Alkenyl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes, cyclisches C5-C20-Alkyl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C20-Aryl, substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C2-C40-Alkylenoxy; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C3-C40-Alkylenoxyalkyl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C40-Alkylenaryl; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C32-Aryloxy; substituiertes oder unsubstituiertes C6-C40-Alkylenoxyaryl; C6-C40-Oxyalkylenaryl; und Mischungen hiervon sind. Der Einsatz solcher Substanzen, insbesondere in (vorzugsweise wasserunlöslichen) Mikrokapseln, entspricht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.Further particularly advantageous, usable fragrance precursor obey the formula (V)
R 4 OC (OR 1 ) (OR 3 ) -OR 2 (V)
wherein R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are independently linear, branched or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl; linear, branched or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 20 cyclic alkyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 -aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 40 -alkyleneoxy; substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 40 alkyleneoxyalkyl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 40 alkylene aryl; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 32 -aryloxy; substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 40 alkyleneoxyaryl; C 6 -C 40 oxyalkylene aryl; and mixtures thereof. The use of such substances, especially in (preferably water-insoluble) microcapsules, corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die eingesetzten Riechstoffe Kieselsäureester-Mischungen umfassen. Kieselsäureester werden beispielsweise durch die Formel (V)
R-(-O-Si (OR)2-)n-OR (V)
beschrieben, wobei R unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, die H, die geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten, substituierten oder unsubstituierten C1-C6-Kohlenwasserstoffreste und die Duftstoffalkoholreste und/oder Biozidalkoholreste enthält, und m Werte aus dem Bereich 1 bis 20 und n Werte aus dem Bereich 2 bis 100 annimmt. Vorzugsweise enthalten die Kieselsäureester der Formeln zumindest einen Duftstoffalkoholrest und/oder Biozidalkoholrest.It is particularly preferred if the fragrances used comprise silicic acid ester mixtures. Silica esters are represented, for example, by the formula (V)
R - (- O-Si (OR) 2 -) n -OR (V)
wherein R independently of one another is selected from the group which contains H, straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 -hydrocarbon radicals and the perfume alcohol radicals and / or biocide alcohol radicals, and m values from the
Die Kieselsäureester-Mischungen können verkapselt, aber auch unverkapselt zum Einsatz kommen. Die Anwesenheit von Kieselsäureester-Mischungen führt oftmals dazu, dass der erzielbare Dufteindruck, sowohl was Gefallen als auch Intensität anbetrifft, noch weiter verbessert werden kann. Der Dufteindruck ist nicht nur qualitativ, d. h. das Gefallen anbetreffend, besser, sondern halt auch länger an.The silicic ester mixtures can be encapsulated, but also used without encapsulation. The presence of silicic ester mixtures often leads to the fact that the achievable fragrance impression, both in terms of pleasure and intensity, can be further improved. The fragrance impression is not only qualitative, d. H. As far as pleasing, better, but also longer.
Die Kieselsäureester-Mischungen können auch in den Mikrokapseln enthalten sein. Wenn die Kieselsäureester-Mischungen in den Mikrokapseln vorzugsweise mindestens 2 Gew.- % der gesamten verkapselten Riechstoffmenge ausmachen, Gew.- % bezogen auf die Menge der verkapselten Riechstoffe, so liegt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, welche eine weitere Verbesserung des angestrebten Wohlgeruchseffektes nach dem Trocknen bewirkt.The silicic acid ester mixtures may also be contained in the microcapsules. If the silicic acid ester mixtures in the microcapsules preferably make up at least 2% by weight of the total encapsulated amount of fragrance,% by weight, based on the amount of the encapsulated fragrances, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a further improvement in the desired fragrance effect causes the drying.
Besonders geeignete Duftstoffvorläufer sind Reaktionsprodukte von Verbindungen, die mindestens eine primäre und/oder sekundäre Amingruppe umfassen, beispielsweise einem aminofunktionellen Polymer, insbesondere einem aminofunktionellen Silikon, und einem Duftstoffbestandteil, der aus Keton, Aldehyd und Mischungen davon ausgewählt ist. Der Einsatz solcher Substanzen, insbesondere in (vorzugsweise wasserunlöslichen) Mikrokapseln, entspricht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform derParticularly suitable perfume precursors are reaction products of compounds comprising at least one primary and / or secondary amine group, for example, an amino-functional polymer, especially an amino-functional silicone, and a perfume ingredient selected from ketone, aldehyde, and mixtures thereof. The use of such substances, in particular in (preferably water-insoluble) microcapsules, corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the
Die Gesamtmenge von Duftstoffen im erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 0.01 und 5 Gew.%, besonders vorzugsweise zwischen 0.1 und 3 Gew.% sowie ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0.5 und 2 Gew. % bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Mittels.The total amount of fragrances in the washing and cleaning agent according to the invention is preferably between 0.01 and 5 wt.%, Particularly preferably between 0.1 and 3 wt.% And most preferably between 0.5 and 2 wt.% Based on the total amount of the composition.
Bevorzugt werden Mischungen verschiedener Duftstoffe (aus den verschiedenen oben genannten Duftstoffklassen) verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote erzeugen. In diesem Fall ist die Gesamtmenge des mindestens einen Duftstoffs die Menge aller Duftstoffe in der Mischung zusammen bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Mittels.Preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances (from the various above-mentioned classes of fragrance) which together produce an appealing fragrance. In this case, the total amount of the at least one perfume is the amount of all the perfumes in the mixture together relative to the total amount of the agent.
Diese Duftstoffe und Parfümöle liegen vorzugsweise verkapselt vor, so dass das erfindungsgemäße Stabilisierungssystem für Kapseln hierauf Anwendung findet.These fragrances and perfume oils are preferably encapsulated, so that the stabilizing system according to the invention for capsules is used thereon.
Die flüssigen Waschmittel können weitere handelsübliche Bestandteile aufweisen, wie beispielsweise Tenside, Gerüststoffe, Bleichmittel, Bleichmittelaktivatoren, Verdickungsmittel, Enzyme, Elektrolyte, pH-Stellmittel, Farb- und Duftstoffe, Schauminhibitoren, Antiredepositionsmittel, optische Aufheller, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Knitterschutzmittel, antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Konservierungsmittel, Antioxidantien, Antistatika, UV-Adsorber, Schwermetallkomplexbildner und dergleichen. Diese Hilfsstoffe werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben:The liquid detergents may contain further commercial constituents, such as, for example, surfactants, builders, bleaches, bleach activators, thickeners, enzymes, electrolytes, pH adjusters, dyes and fragrances, foam inhibitors, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-crease agents, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, Antioxidants, antistatic agents, UV adsorbers, heavy metal complexing agents and the like. These auxiliaries are described in more detail below:
Als Tenside zur Herstellung der Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel können neben den nichtionischen Tensiden auch Anion-, Kation-, Ampho- und/oder Niotenside und verzweigte Alkylsulfaten verwendet werden.As surfactants for the preparation of the detergents or cleaners, anionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants and branched alkyl sulfates can be used in addition to the nonionic surfactants.
Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise alkoxylierte, vorteilhafterweise ethoxylierte, insbesondere primäre Alkohole mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen und durchschnittlich 1 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol eingesetzt, in denen der Alkoholrest linear oder bevorzugt in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt sein kann bzw. lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch enthalten kann, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Insbesondere sind jedoch Alkoholethoxylate mit linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, zum Beispiel aus Kokos-, Palm-, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, und durchschnittlich 2 bis 8 EO pro Mol Alkohol bevorzugt. Zu den bevorzugten ethoxylierten Alkoholen gehören beispielsweise C12-14-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 4 EO oder 7 EO, C9-11-Alkohol mit 7 EO, C13-5-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO oder 8 EO, C12-18-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO oder 7 EO und Mischungen aus diesen, wie Mischungen aus C12-4-Alkohol mit 3 EO und C12-8-Alkohol mit 7 EO. Die angegebenen Ethoxylierungsgrade stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die für ein spezielles Produkt eine ganze oder eine gebrochene Zahl sein können. Bevorzugte Alkoholethoxylate weisen eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung aufThe nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C12-14 alcohols with 3 EO, 4 EO or 7 EO, C9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C13-5 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C12 Alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C12-4 alcohol with 3 EO and C12-8 alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution
(narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). Zusätzlich zu diesen nichtionischen Tensiden können auch Fettalkohole mit mehr als 12 EO eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Talgfettalkohol mit 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO oder 40 EO. Auch nichtionische Tenside, die EO- und PO-Gruppen zusammen im Molekül enthalten, sind erfindungsgemäß einsetzbar. Hierbei können Blockcopolymere mit EO-PO-Blockeinheiten bzw. PO-EO-Blockeinheiten eingesetzt werden, aber auch EO-PO-EO-Copolymere bzw. PO-EO-PO-Copolymere. Selbstverständlich sind auch gemischt alkoxylierte Niotenside einsetzbar, in denen EO- und PO-Einheiten nicht blockweise, sondern statistisch verteilt sind. Solche Produkte sind durch gleichzeitige Einwirkung von Ethylen- und Propylenoxid auf Fettalkohole erhältlich.(narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO. Nonionic surfactants containing EO and PO groups together in the molecule can also be used according to the invention. Here, block copolymers with EO-PO block units or PO-EO block units can be used, but also EO-PO-EO copolymers or PO-EO-PO copolymers. Of course, it is also possible to use mixed alkoxylated nonionic surfactants in which EO and PO units are not distributed in blocks, but randomly. Such products are available by the simultaneous action of ethylene and propylene oxide on fatty alcohols.
Eine weitere Klasse von nichtionischen Tensiden, die vorteilhaft zur Herstellung von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln eingesetzt werden kann, sind die Alkylpolyglycoside (APG). Einsetzbare Alkypolyglycoside genügen der allgemeinen Formel RO(G)Z, in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten, insbesondere in 2-Stellung methylverzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten, aliphatischen Rest mit 8 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 C-Atomen bedeutet und G das Symbol ist, das für eine Glykoseeinheit mit 5 oder 6 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise für Glucose, steht. Der Glycosidierungsgrad z liegt dabei zwischen 1,0 und 4,0, vorzugsweise zwischen 1,0 und 2,0 und insbesondere zwischen 1,1 und 1,4.Another class of nonionic surfactants which can be used to advantage for the production of detergents or cleaners are the alkylpolyglycosides (APG). Usable Alkypolyglycoside satisfy the general formula RO (G) Z, in which R is a linear or branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
Auch nichtionische Tenside vom Typ der Aminoxide, beispielsweise N-Kokosalkyl-N,N-dimethylaminoxid und N-Talgalkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid, und der Fettsäurealkanolamide können zur Herstellung der Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel geeignet sein. Die Menge dieser nichtionischen Tenside beträgt vorzugsweise nicht mehr als die der ethoxylierten Fettalkohole, insbesondere nicht mehr als die Hälfte davon.Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable for the preparation of the detergents or cleaners. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
Weitere geeignete Tenside sind Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide der Formel R-CO-N(R1)-[Z], in der RCO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R1 für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können. Zur Gruppe der Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide gehören auch Verbindungen der Formel R-CO-N(R1-O-R2 [Z], in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R1 für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R2 für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C1-4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest steht, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propoxylierte Derivate dieses Restes. [Z] wird vorzugsweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines Zuckers erhalten, beispielsweise Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Galactose, Mannose oder Xylose. Die N-Alkoxy- oder N-Aryloxy-substituierten Verbindungen können dann durch Umsetzung mit Fettsäuremethylestern in Gegenwart eines Alkoxids als Katalysator in die gewünschten Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide überführt werden.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula R-CO-N (R1) - [Z] in which RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z ] represents a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride. The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula R-CO-N (R 1 -O-R 2 [Z] in which R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms,
Der Gehalt an nichtionischen Tensiden beträgt den flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln bevorzugt 5 bis 30 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 7 bis 20 Gew.% und insbesondere 9 bis 15 Gew.%, jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel.The content of nonionic surfactants is the liquid detergents and cleaners preferably 5 to 30 wt.%, Preferably 7 to 20 wt.% And in particular 9 to 15 wt.%, Each based on the total agent.
Als anionische Tenside werden beispielsweise solche vom Typ der Sulfonate und Sulfate eingesetzt. Als Tenside vom Sulfonat-Typ kommen dabei vorzugsweise C9-3-Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Olefinsulfonate, d.h. Gemische aus Alken- und Hydroxyalkansulfonaten sowie Disulfonaten, wie man sie beispielsweise aus C12-8-Monoolefinen mit end- oder innenständiger Doppelbindung durch Sulfonieren mit gasförmigem Schwefeltrioxid und anschließende alkalische oder saure Hydrolyse der Sulfonierungsprodukte erhält, in Betracht. Geeignet sind auch Alkansulfonate, die aus C12-8-Alkanen beispielsweise durch Sulfochlorierung oder Sulfoxidation mit anschließender Hydrolyse bzw. Neutralisation gewonnen werden. Ebenso sind auch die Ester von alpha-Sulfofettsäuren (Estersulfonate), zum Beispiel die alpha-sulfonierten Methylester der hydrierten Kokos-, Palmkern- oder Talgfettsäuren geeignet.As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used. As surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C9-3-alkylbenzenesulfonates, Olefinsulfonate, i. Mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as obtained for example from C12-8 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation, into consideration. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-8 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Also suitable are the esters of alpha-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the alpha-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
Auch geeignet sind Sulfonierungsprodukte von ungesättigten Fettsäuren, beispielsweise Ölsäure, in geringen Mengen, vorzugsweise in Mengen nicht oberhalb etwa 2 bis 3 Gew.-%. Insbesondere sind alpha -Sulfofettsäurealkylester bevorzugt, die eine Alkylkette mit nicht mehr als 4 C-Atomen in der Estergruppe aufweisen, beispielsweise Methylester, Ethylester, Propylester und Butylester. Mit besonderem Vorteil werden die Methylester der alpha - Sulfofettsäuren (MES), aber auch deren verseifte Disalze eingesetzt.Also suitable are sulfonation of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid, in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3 wt .-%. In particular, preferred are alpha-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters which have an alkyl chain with not more than 4 C atoms in the ester group, for example methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester and butyl ester. With particular advantage, the methyl esters of the alpha - sulfo fatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts are used.
Als weitere anionische Tenside kommen Fettsäure-Derivate von Aminosäuren, beispielsweise von N-Methyltaurin (Tauride) und/oder von N-Methylglycin (Sarkoside) in Betracht. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind dabei die Sarkoside bzw. die Sarkosinate und hier vor allem Sarkosinate von höheren und gegebenenfalls einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren wie Oleylsarkosinat.Suitable further anionic surfactants are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example N-methyltaurine (Tauride) and / or N-methylglycine (sarcosides). Particularly preferred are the sarcosides or the sarcosinates and here especially sarcosinates of higher and optionally monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate.
Weitere geeignete Aniontenside sind sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester. Unter Fettsäureglycerinestern sind die Mono-, Di- und Triester sowie deren Gemische zu verstehen, wie sie bei der Herstellung durch Veresterung von einem Monoglycerin mit 1 bis 3 Mol Fettsäure oder bei der Umesterung von Triglyceriden mit 0,3 bis 2 Mol Glycerin erhalten werden. Bevorzugte sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester sind dabei die Sulfierprodukte von gesättigten Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispielsweise der Capronsäure, Caprylsäure, Caprinsäure, Myristinsäure, Laurinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure oder Behensäure.Further suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
Als Alk(en)ylsulfate werden die Alkali- und insbesondere die Natriumsalze der Schwefelsäurehalbester der C12-C18-Fettalkohole, beispielsweise aus Kokosfettalkohol, Talgfettalkohol, Lauryl-, Myristyl-, Cetyl- oder Stearylalkohol oder der C10-C20-Oxoalkohole und diejenigen Halbester sekundärer Alkohole dieser Kettenlängen bevorzugt. Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Alk(en)ylsulfate der genannten Kettenlänge, welche einen synthetischen, auf petrochemischer Basis hergestellten geradkettigen Alkylrest enthalten, die ein analoges Abbauverhalten besitzen wie die adäquaten Verbindungen auf der Basis von fettchemischen Rohstoffen. Aus waschtechnischem Interesse sind die C12-C16-Alkylsulfate und C12-C15-Alkylsulfate sowie C14-C15-Alkylsulfate bevorzugt. Auch 2,3-Alkylsulfate, die beispielsweise als Handelsprodukte der Shell Oil Company unter dem Namen DAN(R) erhalten werden können, sind geeignete Aniontenside.Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C12-C18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C10-C20 oxo alcohols and those half esters secondary Alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest, C12-C16 alkyl sulfates and C12-C15 alkyl sulfates and C14-C15 alkyl sulfates are preferred. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which can be obtained, for example, as commercial products of the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN (R), are suitable anionic surfactants.
Auch die Schwefelsäuremonoester der mit 1 bis 6 Mol Ethylenoxid ethoxylierten geradkettigen oder verzweigten C7-21-Alkohole, wie 2-Methyl-verzweigte C9-11-Alkohole mit im Durchschnitt 3,5 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) oder C12-18-Fettalkohole mit 1 bis 4 EO, sind geeignet. Sie werden in Reinigungsmitteln aufgrund ihres hohen Schaumverhaltens nur in relativ geringen Mengen, beispielsweise in Mengen von 1 bis 5 Gew.%, eingesetzt.Also, the sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide straight-chain or branched C7-21 alcohols, such as 2-methyl-branched C9-11 alcohols with im Average 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C12-18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.
Weitere geeignete Aniontenside sind auch die Salze der Alkylsulfobernsteinsäure, die auch als Sulfosuccinate oder als Sulfobernsteinsäureester bezeichnet werden und die Monoester und/oder Diester der Sulfobernsteinsäure mit Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholen und insbesondere ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen darstellen. Bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten C8-18-Fettalkoholreste oder Mischungen aus diesen. Insbesondere bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten einen Fettalkoholrest, der sich von ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen ableitet, die für sich betrachtet nichtionische Tenside darstellen (Beschreibung siehe unten). Dabei sind wiederum Sulfosuccinate, deren Fettalkohol-Reste sich von ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung ableiten, besonders bevorzugt. Ebenso ist es auch möglich, Alk(en)ylbernsteinsäure mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alk(en)ylkette oder deren Salze einzusetzen.Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). Sulfosuccinates, whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
Insbesondere bevorzugte anionische Tenside sind Seifen. Geeignet sind gesättigte und ungesättigte Fettsäureseifen, wie die Salze der Laurinsäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure, (hydrierten) Erucasäure und Behensäure sowie insbesondere aus natürlichen Fettsäuren, zum Beispiel Kokos-, Palmkern-, Olivenöl- oder Talgfettsäuren, abgeleitete Seifengemische.Particularly preferred anionic surfactants are soaps. Suitable are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, (hydrogenated) erucic acid and behenic acid and, in particular, soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel, olive oil or tallow fatty acids.
Die anionischen Tenside einschließlich der Seifen können in Form ihrer Natrium-, Kalium- oder Ammoniumsalze sowie als lösliche Salze organischer Basen, wie Mono-, Di- oder Triethanolamin, vorliegen. Vorzugsweise liegen die anionischen Tenside in Form ihrer Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze, insbesondere in Form der Natriumsalze vor.The anionic surfactants, including the soaps, may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
Der Gehalt bevorzugter flüssiger Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel an anionischen Tensiden beträgt 1 bis 30 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 4 bis 25 Gew.% und insbesondere 5 bis 22 Gew.%, jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel. Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass die Menge an Fettsäureseife mindestens 2 Gew.%und besonders bevorzugt mindestens 3 Gew.%und insbesondere bevorzugt mindestens 4 Gew.%beträgt.The content of preferred liquid detergents and cleaners to anionic surfactants is 1 to 30 wt.%, Preferably 4 to 25 wt.% And in particular 5 to 22 wt.%, Each based on the total agent. It is particularly preferred that the amount of fatty acid soap is at least 2% by weight and more preferably at least 3% by weight and especially preferably at least 4% by weight.
Als weitere Tenside kommen zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel sogenannte Gemini-Tenside in Betracht. Hierunter werden im Allgemeinen solche Verbindungen verstanden, die zwei hydrophile Gruppen und zwei hydrophobe Gruppen pro Molekül besitzen. Diese Gruppen sind in der Regel durch einen sogenannten "Spacer" voneinander getrennt. Dieser Spacer ist in der Regel eine Kohlenstoffkette, die lang genug sein sollte, dass die hydrophilen Gruppen einen ausreichenden Abstand haben, damit sie unabhängig voneinander agieren können. Derartige Tenside zeichnen sich im Allgemeinen durch eine ungewöhnlich geringe kritische Micellkonzentration und die Fähigkeit, die Oberflächenspannung des Wassers stark zu reduzieren, aus. In Ausnahmefällen werden jedoch unter dem Ausdruck Gemini-Tenside nicht nur dimere, sondern auch trimere Tenside verstanden.Other surfactants which may be used to prepare the detergents or cleaners according to the invention are so-called gemini surfactants. These are generally understood as meaning those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per molecule. These groups are usually separated by a so-called "spacer". This spacer is typically a carbon chain that should be long enough for the hydrophilic groups to be spaced sufficiently apart for them to act independently of each other. Such surfactants are generally characterized by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In exceptional cases, however, the term gemini surfactants is understood to mean not only dimeric but also trimeric surfactants.
Gemini-Tenside zur Herstellung von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln sind beispielsweise sulfatierte Hydroxymischether gemäß der
Bevorzugt sind aus anwendungstechnischer Sicht Mischungen aus anionischen und nichtionischen Tensiden. Der Gesamt-Tensidgehalt des flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel liegt vorzugsweise unterhalb von 40 Gew.- % und besonders bevorzugt unterhalb von 35 Gew.%, bezogen auf das gesamte flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel.From an application point of view, preference is given to mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. The total surfactant content of the liquid washing and cleaning agent is preferably below 40% by weight and more preferably below 35% by weight, based on the total liquid detergent and cleaning agent.
Als Gerüststoffe bzw. Builder, die in den flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln enthalten sein können, sind insbesondere Silikate, Aluminiumsilikate (insbesondere Zeolithe), Carbonate, organische Co-builder, Phosphate, Salze organischer Di- und Polycarbonsäuren sowie Mischungen dieser Stoffe zu nennen.Suitable builders or builders which may be present in the liquid detergents and cleaners are, in particular, silicates, aluminum silicates (in particular zeolites), carbonates, organic cobuilders, phosphates, salts of organic di- and polycarboxylic acids and mixtures of these substances.
Geeignete kristalline, schichtförmige Natriumsilikate besitzen die allgemeine Formel NaMSixO2x+1*H2O, wobei M Natrium oder Wasserstoff bedeutet, x eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 4 und y eine Zahl von 0 bis 20 ist und bevorzugte Werte für x 2, 3 oder 4 sind. Bevorzugte kristalline Schichtsilikate der angegebenen Formel sind solche, in denen M für Natrium steht und x die Werte 2 oder 3 annimmt. Insbesondere sind sowohl beta - als auch delta - Natriumdisilikate Na2Si2O5*yH2O bevorzugt.Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 * H2O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for
Einsetzbar sind auch amorphe Natriumsilikate mit einem Modul Na2O: SiO2 von 1: 2 bis 1: 3,3, vorzugsweise von 1: 2 bis 1: 2,8 und insbesondere von 1: 2 bis 1: 2,6, welche löseverzögert sind und Sekundärwascheigenschaften aufweisen. Die Löseverzögerung gegenüber herkömmlichen amorphen Natriumsilikaten kann dabei auf verschiedene Weise, beispielsweise durch Oberflächenbehandlung, Compoundierung, Kompaktierung/Verdichtung oder durch Übertrocknung hervorgerufen worden sein. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung wird unter dem Begriff "amorph" auch "röntgenamorph" verstanden. Dies heißt, dass die Silikate bei Röntgenbeugungsexperimenten keine scharfen Röntgenreflexe liefern, wie sie für kristalline Substanzen typisch sind, sondern allenfalls ein oder mehrere Maxima der gestreuten Röntgenstrahlung, die eine Breite von mehreren Gradeinheiten des Beugungswinkels aufweisen. Es kann jedoch sehr wohl sogar zu besonders guten Buildereigenschaften führen, wenn die Silikatpartikel bei Elektronenbeugungsexperimenten verwaschene oder sogar scharte Beugungsmaxima liefern. Dies ist so zu interpretieren, dass die Produkte mikrokristalline Bereiche der Größe 10 bis einige Hundert nm aufweisen, wobei Werte bis maximal 50 nm und insbesondere bis maximal 20 nm bevorzugt sind. Derartige sogenannte röntgenamorphe Silikate, weisen ebenfalls eine Löseverzögerung gegenüber den herkömmlichen Wassergläsern auf. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind verdichtete/kompaktierte amorphe Silikate, compoundierte amorphe Silikate und übertrocknete röntgenamorphe Silikate.It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous". This means that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays which have a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of
Ein verwendbarer feinkristalliner, synthetischer und gebundenes Wasser enthaltender Zeolith ist vorzugsweise Zeolith A und/oder P. Als Zeolith P wird Zeolith MAP TM (Handelsprodukt der Firma Crosfield) besonders bevorzugt. Geeignet sind jedoch auch Zeolith X sowie Mischungen aus A, X und/oder P. Kommerziell erhältlich und im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugt einsetzbar ist beispielsweise auch ein Co-Kristallisat aus Zeolith X und Zeolith A (ca. 80 Gew.-% Zeolith X), das von der Firma SASOL unter dem Markennamen VEGOBOND AX(R) vertrieben wird und durch die Formel nNa20*(1-n)K2O*Al2O3.(2-2,5)*SiO2.(3,5-5,5)*H2O,
beschrieben werden kann
entspricht. Der Zeolith kann als sprühgetrocknetes Pulver oder auch als ungetrocknete, von ihrer Herstellung noch feuchte, stabilisierte Suspension zum Einsatz kommen. Für den Fall, dass der Zeolith als Suspension eingesetzt wird, kann diese geringe Zusätze an nichtionischen Tensiden als Stabilisatoren enthalten, beispielsweise 1 bis 3 Gew.%, bezogen auf Zeolith, an ethoxylierten C12-C18-Fettalkoholen mit 2 bis 5 Ethylenoxidgruppen, C12-C14-Fettalkoholen mit 4 bis 5 Ethylenoxidgruppen oder ethoxylierten Isotridecanolen. Geeignete Zeolithe weisen eine mittlere Teilchengröße von weniger als 10 µm (Volumenverteilung; Messmethode: Coulter Counter) auf und enthalten vorzugsweise 18 bis 22 Gew.%, insbesondere 20 bis 22 Gew.% an gebundenem Wasser.A useful fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, zeolite MAP ™ (commercial product of Crosfield) is particularly preferred. Also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P. Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ) marketed by the company SASOL under the trade name VEGOBOND AX (R) and by the formula n Na 2 O * (1-n) K 2 O * Al 2 O 3. (2-2.5) * SiO 2. (3.5-5.5) * H 2 O,
can be described
equivalent. The zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or else as undried, still moist, stabilized suspension of its preparation. In the case where the zeolite is used as a suspension, it may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols having 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, C 12 -C 14 fatty alcohols containing 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
Selbstverständlich ist auch ein Einsatz der allgemein bekannten Phosphate als Buildersubstanzen möglich, sofern ein derartiger Einsatz nicht aus ökologischen Gründen vermieden werden sollte. Geeignet sind insbesondere die Natriumsalze der Orthophosphate, der Pyrophosphate und insbesondere der Tripolyphosphate.Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders is possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. Particularly suitable are the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates.
Als Builder sind organische Co-builder geeignet, insbesondere Polycarboxylate/Polycarbonsäuren, polymere Polycarboxylate, Asparaginsäure, Polyacetale, Dextrine, sowie Phosphonate.Suitable builders are organic cobuilders, in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins and also phosphonates.
Polymere Polycarboxylate sind beispielsweise die Alkalimetallsalze der Polyacrylsäure oder der Polymethacrylsäure, beispielsweise solche mit einer relativen Molekülmasse von 500 bis 70000 g/mol. Bei den für polymere Polycarboxylate angegebenen Molmassen handelt es sich im Sinne dieser Schrift um gewichtsmittlere Molmassen Mw der jeweiligen Säureform, die grundsätzlich mittels Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC) bestimmt wurden, wobei ein UV-Detektor eingesetzt wurde. Die Messung erfolgte dabei gegen einen externen Polyacrylsaeure-Standard, der aufgrund seiner strukturellen Verwandtschaft mit den untersuchten Polymeren realistische Molgewichtswerte liefert. Diese Angaben weichen deutlich von den Molgewichtsangaben ab, bei denen Polystyrolsulfonsäuren als Standard eingesetzt werden. Die gegen Polystyrolsulfonsäuren gemessenen Molmassen sind in der Regel deutlich höher als die in dieser Schrift angegebenen Molmassen.Polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of 500 to 70,000 g / mol. For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
Geeignete Polymere sind insbesondere Polyacrylate, die bevorzugt eine Molekülmasse von 2000 bis 20000 g/mol aufweisen. Aufgrund ihrer überlegenen Löslichkeit können aus dieser Gruppe wiederum die kurzkettigen Polyacrylate, die Molmassen von 2000 bis 10000 g/mol, und besonders bevorzugt von 3000 bis 5000 g/mol, aufweisen, bevorzugt sein.Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
Geeignet sind weiterhin copolymere Polycarboxylate, insbesondere solche der Acrylsäure mit Methacrylsäure und der Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure mit Maleinsäure. Als besonders geeignet haben sich Copolymere der Acrylsäure mit Maleinsäure erwiesen, die 50 bis 90 Gew.-% Acrylsäure und 50 bis 10 Gew.-% Maleinsäure enthalten. Ihre relative Molekülmasse, bezogen auf freie Säuren, beträgt im allgemeinen 2.000 bis 70.000 g/mol, vorzugsweise 20.000 bis 50.000 g/mol und insbesondere 30.000 bis 40.000 g/mol.Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
Insbesondere bevorzugt sind auch biologisch abbaubare Polymere aus mehr als zwei verschiedenen Monomereinheiten, beispielsweise solche, die als Monomere Salze der Acrylsäure und der Maleinsäure sowie Vinylalkohol bzw. Vinylalkohol-Derivate oder die als Monomere Salze der Acrylsäure und der 2-Alkylallylsulfonsaeure sowie Zucker-Derivate enthalten.Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those containing as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers Salts of acrylic acid and 2-Alkylallylsulfonsaeure and sugar derivatives.
Weitere bevorzugte Copolymere sind solche, die als Monomere vorzugsweise Acrolein und Acrylsäure/Acrylsäuresalze bzw. Acrolein und Vinylacetat aufweisen.Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
Ebenso sind als weitere bevorzugte Buildersubstanzen polymere Aminodicarbonsäuren, deren Salze oder deren Vorläufersubstanzen zu nennen. Besonders bevorzugt sind Polyasparaginsäuren bzw. deren Salze und Derivate, die neben Co-builder-Eigenschaften auch eine bleichstabilisierende Wirkung aufweisen.Also to be mentioned as further preferred builders polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursors. Particular preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives which, in addition to co-builder properties, also have a bleach-stabilizing action.
Weitere geeignete Buildersubstanzen sind Polyacetale, welche durch Umsetzung von Dialdehyden mit Polyolcarbonsäuren, welche 5 bis 7 C-Atome und mindestens 3 Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen, erhalten werden können. Bevorzugte Polyacetale werden aus Dialdehyden wie Glyoxal, Glutaraldehyd, Terephthalaldehyd sowie deren Gemischen und aus Polyolcarbonsäuren wie Gluconsäure und/oder Glucoheptonsäure erhalten.Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
Weitere geeignete organische Buildersubstanzen sind Dextrine, beispielsweise Oligomere bzw. Polymere von Kohlenhydraten, die durch partielle Hydrolyse von Stärken erhalten werden können. Die Hydrolyse kann nach üblichen, beispielsweise säure- oder enzymkatalysierten Verfahren durchgeführt werden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um Hydrolyseprodukte mit mittleren Molmassen im Bereich von 400 bis 500.000 g/mol. Dabei ist ein Polysaccharid mit einem Dextrose- äquivalent (DE) im Bereich von 0,5 bis 40, insbesondere von 2 bis 30 bevorzugt, wobei DE ein gebräuchliches Maß für die reduzierende Wirkung eines Polysaccharids im Vergleich zu Dextrose, welche ein DE von 100 besitzt, ist. Brauchbar sind sowohl Maltodextrine mit einem DE zwischen 3 und 20 und Trockenglucosesirupe mit einem DE zwischen 20 und 37 als auch sogenannte Gelbdextrine und Weissdextrine mit höheren Molmassen im Bereich von 2000 bis 30000 g/mol.Further suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes. Preferably, it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. In this case, a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is. Usable are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 and so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molecular weights in the range of 2000 to 30,000 g / mol.
Bei den oxidierten Derivaten derartiger Dextrine handelt es sich um deren Umsetzungsprodukte mit Oxidationsmitteln, welche in der Lage sind, mindestens eine Alkoholfunktion des Saccharidrings zur Carbonsäurefunktion zu oxidieren. Ein an C6 des Saccharidrings oxidiertes Produkt kann besonders vorteilhaft sein.The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. A product oxidized at C6 of the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.
Ein bevorzugtes Dextrin ist in der britischen Patentanmeldung
Auch Oxydisuccinate und andere Derivate von Disuccinaten, vorzugsweise Ethylendiamindisuccinat, sind weitere geeignete Cobuilder. Dabei wird Ethylendiamin-N,N'-disuccinat (EDDS) bevorzugt in Form seiner Natrium- oder Magnesiumsalze verwendet. Weiterhin bevorzugt sind in diesem Zusammenhang auch Glycerindisuccinate und Glycerintrisuccinate, wie sie beispielsweise in den US-amerikanischen Patentschriften
Weitere brauchbare organische Co-builder sind beispielsweise acetylierte Hydroxycarbonsäuren bzw. deren Salze, welche gegebenenfalls auch in Lactonform vorliegen können und welche mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatome und mindestens eine Hydroxygruppe sowie maximal zwei Säuregruppen enthalten. Derartige Co-builder werden beispielsweise in der internationalen Patentanmeldung
Eine weitere Substanzklasse mit Co-buildereigenschaften stellen die Phosphonate dar. Dabei handelt es sich insbesondere um Hydroxyalkan- bzw. Aminoalkanphosphonate. Unter den Hydroxyalkanphosphonaten ist das 1-Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonat (HEDP) von besonderer Bedeutung als Co-builder. Es wird vorzugsweise als Natriumsalz eingesetzt, wobei das Dinatriumsalz neutral und das Tetranatriumsalz alkalisch (pH 9) reagiert. Als Aminoalkanphosphonate kommen vorzugsweise Ethylendiamintetramethylenphosphonat (EDTMP), Diethylentriaminpentamethylenphosphonat (DTPMP) sowie deren höhere Homologe in Frage. Sie werden vorzugsweise in Form der neutral reagierenden Natriumsalze, z. B. als Hexanatriumsalz der EDTMP bzw. als Hepta- und Octa-Natriumsalz der DTPMP, eingesetzt. Als Builder wird dabei aus der Klasse der Phosphonate bevorzugt HEDP verwendet. Die Aminoalkanphosphonate besitzen zudem ein ausgeprägtes Schwermetallbindevermögen. Dementsprechend kann es, insbesondere wenn die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel auch Bleiche enthalten, bevorzugt sein Aminoalkan-phosphonate, insbesondere DTPMP, einzusetzen, oder Mischungen aus den genannten Phosphonaten zur Herstellung der Mittel zu verwenden.Another class of substances with co-builder properties are the phosphonates. These are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP used. The builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular when the detergents and cleaners also contain bleach, it is preferable to use aminoalkane phosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned for the preparation of the compositions.
Darüber hinaus können alle Verbindungen, die in der Lage sind, Komplexe mit Erdalkaliionen auszubilden, als Co-builder eingesetzt werden.In addition, all compounds that are capable of forming complexes with alkaline earth ions can be used as co-builders.
Weitere brauchbare organische Gerüstsubstanzen sind auch die in Form ihrer Natriumsalze einsetzbaren Polycarbonsäuren, wobei unter Polycarbonsäuren solche Carbonsäuren verstanden werden, die mehr als eine Säurefunktion tragen. Beispielsweise sind dies Citronensäure, Adipinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure, Zuckersäuren, Aminocarbonsäuren, Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA), sofern ein derartiger Einsatz aus ökologischen Gründen nicht zu beanstanden ist, sowie Mischungen aus diesen. Bevorzugte Salze sind die Salze der Polycarbonsäuren wie Citronensäure, Adipinsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Weinsäure, Zuckersäuren und Mischungen aus diesen.Further useful organic builders are also the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
Auch die Säuren an sich können eingesetzt werden. Die Säuren besitzen neben ihrer Builderwirkung typischerweise auch die Eigenschaft einer Säuerungskomponente und dienen somit auch zur Einstellung eines niedrigeren und milderen pH-Wertes von Wasch- und/oder Reinigungsmitteln. Insbesondere sind hierbei Citronensäure, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Gluconsäure und beliebige Mischungen aus diesen zu nennen.The acids themselves can also be used. In addition to their builder action, the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents and / or cleaning agents. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
Unter den als Bleichmitteln dienenden, in Wasser H2O2 liefernden Verbindungen haben das Natriumperborattetrahydrat und das Natriumperboratmonohydrat besondere Bedeutung. Weitere brauchbare Bleichmittel sind beispielsweise Natriumpercarbonat, Peroxypyrophosphate, Citratperhydrate sowie H2O2 liefernde persaure Salze oder Persäuren, wie Perbenzoate, Peroxophthalate, Diperazelainsäure, Phthaloiminopersäure oder Diperdodecandisäure. Um beim Waschen bei Temperaturen von 60 °C und darunter eine verbesserte Bleichwirkung zu erreichen, können Bleichaktivatoren in die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel eingearbeitet werden. Als Bleichaktivatoren können Verbindungen, die unter Perhydrolysebedingungen aliphatische Peroxocarbonsäuren mit vorzugsweise 1bis 10 C-Atomen, insbesondere 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Perbenzoesäure ergeben, eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind Substanzen, die O-und/oder N-Acylgruppen der genannten C-Atomzahl und/oder gegebenenfalls substituierte Benzoylgruppen tragen. Bevorzugt sind mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin (TAED), acylierte Triazinderivate, insbesondere 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazin(DADHT), acylierte Glykolurile, insbesondere Tetraacetylglykoluril (TAGU), N-Acylimide,insbesondere N-Nonanoylsuccinimid (NOSI), acylierte Phenolsulfonate, insbesonderen-Nonanoyl- oder Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- bzw. iso-NOBS), Carbonsäureanhydride, insbesondere Phthalsäureanhydrid, acylierte mehrwertige Alkohole, insbesondere Triacetin, Ethylenglykoldiacetat und 2,5-Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran. Zusätzlich zu den konventionellen Bleichaktivatoren oder an deren Stelle können auch sogenannte Bleichkatalysatoren in die Textilbehandlungsmitteleingearbeitet werden. Bei diesen Stoffen handelt es sich um bleichverstärkende Übergangsmetallsalze bzw. Übergangsmetallkomplexe wie beispielsweise Mn-,Fe-, Co-, Ru- oder Mo-Salenkomplexe oder -carbonylkomplexe. Auch Mn-, Fe-, Co-,Ru-, Mo-, Ti-, V- und Cu-Komplexe mit stickstoffhaltigen Tripod-Liganden sowie Co-, Fe-, Cu- und Ru-Amminkomplexe sind als Bleichkatalysatoren verwendbar.Among the compounds serving as bleaching agents in water H2O2, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and peroxyacids or peracids which yield H2O2, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloimino peracid or diperdodecanedioic acid. In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing at temperatures of 60 ° C and below, bleach activators may be incorporated into the detergents and cleaners be incorporated. As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2 , 5-dihydrofuran. In addition to or in place of the conventional bleach activators, so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the fabric treatment agents. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
Ein flüssiges Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel kann ein Verdickungsmittelenthalten. Das Verdickungsmittel kann beispielsweise einen Polyacrylat-Verdicker, Xanthan Gum, Gellan Gum, Guarkernmehl, Alginat, Carrageenan, Carboxymethylcellulose, Bentonite, Wellan Gum, Johannisbrotkernmehl, Agar-Agar, Tragant, Gummi arabicum, Pektine, Polyosen, Stärke, Dextrine, Gelatine und Casein umfassen. Aber auch abgewandelte Naturstoffe wie modifizierten Stärken und Cellulosen, beispielhaftseien hier Carboxymethylcellulose und andere Celluloseether, Hydroxyethyl- und -propylcellulose sowie Kernmehlether genannt, können als Verdickungsmittel eingesetzt werden.A liquid detergent and cleanser may contain a thickener. The thickener may include, for example, a polyacrylate thickener, xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, alginate, carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonites, wellan gum, locust bean gum, agar-agar, tragacanth, gum arabic, pectins, polyoses, starch, dextrins, gelatin and casein include. But also modified natural substances such as modified starches and celluloses, exemplified here carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose ethers, called hydroxyethyl and propyl cellulose and gum ethers, can be used as a thickener.
Zu den Polyacryl- und Polymethacryl-Verdickern zählen beispielsweise die hochmolekularen mit einem Polyalkenylpolyether, insbesondere einem Allylether von Saccharose, Pentaerythrit oder Propylen, vernetzten Homopolymere der Acrylsäure (INCI-Bezeichnung gemäß "International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients "der "The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA)": Carbomer),die auch als Carboxyvinylpolymere bezeichnet werden. Solche Polyacrylsäuren sind u.a. von der Fa. 3V Sigma unter dem Handelsnamen Polygel®,z.B. Polygel DA, und von der Fa. B.F. Goodrich unter dem Handelsnamen Carbopol® erhältlich, z.B. Carbopol 940 (Molekulargewicht ca. 4.000.000), Carbopol 941 (Molekulargewicht ca. 1.250.000) oder Carbopol 934 (Molekulargewicht ca. 3.000.000).Weiterhin fallen darunter folgende Acrylsäure-Copolymere: (i) Copolymere von zwei oder mehr Monomeren aus der Gruppe der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure und ihrer einfachen, vorzugsweise mit C1-4-Alkanolen gebildeten, Ester (INCI AcrylatesCopolymer), zu denen etwa die Copolymere von Methacrylsäure, Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat (CAS-Bezeichnung gemäß Chemical Abstracts Service: 25035-69-2)oder von Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat (CAS 25852-37-3) gehören und die beispielsweise von der Fa. Rohm and Haas unter den Handelsnamen Aculyn® und Acusol® sowie von der Firma Degussa (Goldschmidt) unter dem Handelsnamen Tego® Polymer erhältlich sind, z.B. die anionischen nicht assoziativen Polymere Aculyn 22, Aculyn 28, Aculyn 33 (vernetzt), Acusol 810,Acusol 820, Acusol 823 und Acusol 830 (CAS 25852-37-3); (ii) vernetzte hochmolekulare Acrylsäurecopolymere, zu denen etwa die mit einem Allylether der Saccharose oder des Pentaerythrits vernetzten Copolymere von C10-30-Alkylacrylaten mit einem oder mehreren Monomeren aus der Gruppe der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure und ihrer einfachen, vorzugsweise mit C1-4-Alkanolen gebildeten, Ester (INCI Acrylates/C10-30Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) gehören und die beispielsweise von der Fa. B.F. Goodrich unter dem Handelsnamen Carbopol® erhältlich sind, z.B. das hydrophobierte Carbopol ETD 2623 und Carbopol 1382 (INCI Acrylates/C10-30Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) sowie Carbopol Aqua 30 (früher Carbopol EX 473).The polyacrylic and polymethacrylic thickeners include, for example, the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, in particular an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI name according to the International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients of The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA) ": carbomer), also referred to as carboxyvinyl polymers. Such polyacrylic acids are obtainable inter alia from Fa. 3V Sigma under the tradename Polygel ® such as Polygel DA, and by the company. BF Goodrich under the trade name Carbopol ®, for example, Carbopol 940 (molecular weight about 4,000,000), Carbopol 941 (molecular weight 1,250,000) or Carbopol 934 (molecular weight about 3,000,000). Furthermore, the following acrylic acid copolymers are included: (i) Copolymers of two or more monomers from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple, preferably with C1- 4-alkanols formed esters (INCI AcrylatesCopolymer), which include about the copolymers of methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS designation according to Chemical Abstracts Service: 25035-69-2) or of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS 25852-37-3) and which are, for example, by the company. Rohm and Haas under the trade names Aculyn ® and Acusol ® and from Degussa (Goldschmidt) under the trade name Tego ® polymer available, eg the anio non-associative polymers Aculyn 22, Aculyn 28, Aculyn 33 (crosslinked), Acusol 810, Acusol 820, Acusol 823 and Acusol 830 (CAS 25852-37-3); (ii) crosslinked high molecular weight acrylic acid copolymers, such as those crosslinked with an allyl ether of sucrose or pentaerythritol copolymers of C10-30 alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple, preferably with C1-4-alkanols formed, esters (INCI Acrylates / C10-30Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) and which are available, for example, from the company. BF Goodrich under the trade name Carbopol ® , eg the hydrophobic Carbopol ETD 2623 and Carbopol 1382 (INCI Acrylates / C10-30Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) and Carbopol Aqua 30 (formerly Carbopol EX 473).
Ein weiteres bevorzugt einzusetzendes polymeres Verdickungsmittel ist Xanthan Gum, ein mikrobielles anionisches Heteropolysaccharid, das von Xanthomonascampestris und einigen anderen Species unter aeroben Bedingungen produziert wird und eine Molmasse von 2 bis 15 Millionen Dalton aufweist. Xanthan wird aus einer Kette mit beta-1,4-gebundener Glucose (Cellulose) mit Seitenketten gebildet. Die Struktur der Untergruppen besteht aus Glucose, Mannose, Glucuronsaeure,Acetat und Pyruvat, wobei die Anzahl der Pyruvat-Einheiten die Viskosität des Xanthan Gums bestimmt. Als Verdickungsmittel kommt insbesondere auch ein Fettalkohol in Frage. Fettalkohole können verzweigt oder nichtverzweigt sowie nativen Ursprungs oderpetrochemischen Ursprungs sein. Bevorzugte Fettalkohole haben eine C-Kettenlänge von 10 bis 20 C-Atomen, bevorzugt 12 bis 18. Bevorzugt werden Mischungen unterschiedlicher C-Kettenlängen, wie Talgfettalkohol oder Kokosfettalkohol, eingesetzt. Beispiele sind Lorol® Spezial (C12-14-ROH) oder Lorol® Technisch(C12-18-ROH) (beide ex Cognis). Bevorzugte flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel enthalten bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel 0.01 bis 3 Gew.% und vorzugsweise 0.1 bis1 Gew.% Verdickungsmittel. Die Menge an eingesetztem Verdickungsmittel ist dabei abhängig von der Art des Verdickungsmittels und dem gewünschten Grad der Verdickung.Another preferred polymeric thickener is xanthan gum, a microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by xanthomonascampestris and some other species under aerobic conditions and having a molecular weight of 2 to 15 million daltons. Xanthan is formed from a chain of beta-1,4-linked glucose (cellulose) with side chains. The structure of the subgroups consists of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, acetate and pyruvate, the number of pyruvate units determining the viscosity of the xanthan gum. In particular, a fatty alcohol is also suitable as thickener. Fatty alcohols may be branched or unbranched, of native or of petrochemical origin. Preferred fatty alcohols have a C chain length of 10 to 20 C atoms, preferably 12 to 18. Preference is given to using mixtures of different C chain lengths, such as tallow fatty alcohol or coconut oil fatty alcohol. Examples are Lorol® ® Special (C12-14 ROH) or Lorol® ® Technical (C12-18 ROH) (both ex Cognis). Preferred liquid detergents and cleaners contain 0.01 to 3% by weight, and preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, of thickening agent, based on the total agent. The amount of thickener used depends on the type of thickener and the desired degree of thickening.
Die Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln können Enzyme in verkapselter Form und/oder direkt in den Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel enthalten. Als Enzyme kommen insbesondere solche aus der Klassen der Hydrolasen wie der Proteasen, Esterasen, Lipasen bzw. lipolytisch wirkende Enzyme, Amylasen, Cellulasen bzw. andere Glykosylhydrolasen, Hemicellulase, Cutinasen, beta-Glucanasen, Oxidasen, Peroxidasen, Perhydrolasen und/oder Laccasen und Gemische der genannten Enzyme in Frage. Alle diese Hydrolasen tragen in der Wäsche zur Entfernung von Verfleckungen wie Protein-, fett- oder stärkehaltigen Verfleckungen und Vergrauungen bei. Cellulasen und andere Glykosylhydrolasenkoennen darüber hinaus durch das Entfernen von Pilling und Mikrofibrillen zur Farberhaltung und zur Erhöhung der Weichheit des Textils beitragen. Zur Bleiche bzw. zur Hemmung der Farbübertragung können auch Oxireduktasen eingesetzt werden. Besonders gut geeignet sind aus Bakterienstämmen oder Pilzen wie Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus und Humicolainsolens gewonnene enzymatische Wirkstoffe. Vorzugsweise werden Proteasen vom Subtilisin-Typ und insbesondere Proteasen, die aus Bacillus lentus gewonnen werden, eingesetzt. Dabei sind Enzymmischungen, beispielsweise aus Protease und Amylase oder Protease und Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen oder Protease und Cellulase oder aus Cellulase und Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen oder aus Protease, Amylase und Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen oder Protease, Lipase bzw. lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen und Cellulase, insbesondere jedoch Protease und/oder Lipase-haltige Mischungen bzw. Mischungen mit lipolytisch wirkenden Enzymen von besonderem Interesse. Beispiele für derartige lipolytisch wirkende Enzyme sind die bekannten Cutinasen. Auch Peroxidasen oder Oxidasen haben sich in einigen Fällen als geeignet erwiesen. Zu den geeigneten Amylasen zählen insbesondere alpha-Amylasen, Iso-Amylasen, Pullulanasen und Pektinasen. Als Cellulasen werden vorzugsweise Cellobiohydrolasen, Endoglucanasen und p-Glucosidasen, die auch Cellobiasen genannt werden, bzw. Mischungen aus diesen eingesetzt. Da sich verschiedene Cellulase-Typen durch ihre CMCase- und Avicelase-Aktivitäten unterscheiden, können durch gezielte Mischungen der Cellulasen die gewünschten Aktivitäten eingestellt werden.The detergents and cleaning agents may contain enzymes in encapsulated form and / or directly in the washing and cleaning agent. Suitable enzymes are, in particular, those from the classes of the hydrolases, such as the proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases, hemicellulases, cutinases, beta-glucanases, oxidases, peroxidases, perhydrolases and / or laccases and mixtures the enzymes mentioned in question. All of these hydrolases in the wash contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, greasy or starchy stains and graying. In addition, cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases contribute to color retention and to increasing the softness of the fabric by removing pilling and microfibrils. Oxireductases can also be used for bleaching or inhibiting color transfer. Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus and Humicolainsolens derived enzymatic agents. Preferably, subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. These are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but in particular protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of particular interest. Examples of such lipolytic acting enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases. Suitable amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases. Cellulases used are preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and p-glucosidases, which are also cellobiases, or mixtures of these. Since different cellulase types differ by their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.
Die Enzyme können an Trägerstoffe adsorbiert sein, um sie gegen vorzeitige Zersetzung zu schützen. Der Anteil der Enzyme, der Enzymflüssigformulierung(en) oder der Enzymgranulate direkt in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel kann beispielsweise etwa 0,01 bis 5 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 0.12 bis etwa 2.5 Gew.% betragen.The enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers to protect against premature degradation. The proportion of enzymes, of the enzyme liquid formulation (s) or of the enzyme granules directly in detergents and cleaners can be, for example, about 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.12 to about 2.5% by weight.
Es kann, beispielsweise bei speziellen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln für Konsumenten mit Allergien, aber auch bevorzugt sein, dass das Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel keine Enzyme enthält.It may, for example, in special detergents and cleaners for consumers with allergies, but also be preferred that the washing and cleaning agent contains no enzymes.
Als Elektrolyte aus der Gruppe der anorganischen Salze kann eine breite Anzahl der verschiedensten Salze eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugte Kationen sind die Alkali- und Erdalkalimetalle, bevorzugte Anionen sind die Halogenide und Sulfate. Aus herstellungstechnischer Sicht ist der Einsatz von NaCl oder MgCl2 in den Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln bevorzugt. Der Anteil an Elektrolyten in den Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel beträgt üblicherweise 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%.As electrolytes from the group of inorganic salts, a wide number of different salts can be used. Preferred cations are the alkali and alkaline earth metals, preferred anions are the halides and sulfates. From a manufacturing point of view, the use of NaCl or MgCl 2 in the detergents and cleaners is preferred. The proportion of electrolytes in the washing and cleaning agent is usually 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.
Nichtwässrige Lösungsmittel, die in den flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel eingesetzt werden können, stammen beispielsweise aus der Gruppe der ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkohole, Alkanolamine oder Glykolether, sofern sie im angegebenen Konzentrationsbereich mit Wasser mischbar sind. Vorzugsweise werden die Lösungsmittel ausgewählt aus Ethanol, n- oder i-Propanol, Butanolen, Glykol, Propan- oder Butandiol, Glycerin, Diglykol, Propyl- oder Butyldiglykol, Hexylenglycol, Ethylenglykolmethylether, Ethylenglykolethylether, Ethylenglykolpropylether, Ethylenglykolmono-n-butylether, Diethylenglykolmethylether, Diethylenglykolethylether, Propylenglykolmethyl-, -ethyl-oder -propylether, Dipropylenglykolmonomethyl- oder -ethylether, Di-isopropylenglykolmonomethyl-oder -ethylether, Methoxy-, Ethoxy- oder Butoxytriglykol, 1-Butoxyethoxy-2-propanol,3-Methyl-3-methoxybutanol, Propylen-glykol-t-butylether sowie Mischungen dieser Lösungsmittel. Nichtwässrige Lösungsmittel können in den flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln in Mengen zwischen 0,5 und 15 Gew.%, bevorzugt aber unter 12 Gew.% und insbesondere unterhalb von 9 Gew.% eingesetzt werden.Non-aqueous solvents which can be used in the liquid detergents and cleaners, for example, from the group of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers, provided they are miscible with water in the specified concentration range. Preferably, the solvents are selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanols, glycol, propane or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl or butyldiglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether Propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether, di-isopropylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or Butoxytriglykol, 1-butoxyethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol t-butyl ether and mixtures of these solvents. Non-aqueous solvents may be used in the liquid detergents and cleaners in amounts of between 0.5 and 15% by weight, but preferably below 12% by weight and in particular below 9% by weight.
Die Viskosität der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel in flüssiger Form kann mit üblichen Standardmethoden (beispielsweise Brookfield-Viskosimeter LVT-II bei 20 U/min und 20°C, Spindel 3) gemessen werden und liegt für flüssige Waschmittel vorzugsweise im Bereich von 500 bis 5000 mPas. Bevorzugte weisen flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln Viskositäten von 700 bis 4000 mPas auf, wobei Werte zwischen 1000 und 3000 mPas besonders bevorzugt sind. Die Viskosität von Weichspülern beträgt vorzugsweise 20 bis 4000 mPas, wobei Werte zwischen 40 und 2000 mPas besonders bevorzugt sind. Insbesondere bevorzugt liegt die Viskosität von Weichspülern von 40 bis 1000 mPas.The viscosity of the detergents and cleaners in liquid form can be measured by conventional standard methods (for example Brookfield LVT-II viscosimeter at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3) and is preferably in the range of 500 for liquid detergents up to 5000 mPas. Preferred liquid detergents and cleaners have viscosities of 700 to 4000 mPas, with values between 1000 and 3000 mPas being particularly preferred. The viscosity of fabric softeners is preferably 20 to 4000 mPas, with values between 40 and 2000 mPas being particularly preferred. The viscosity of fabric softeners is particularly preferably from 40 to 1000 mPas.
Um den pH-Wert der flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln in den gewünschten Bereich zu bringen, kann der Einsatz von pH-Stellmitteln angezeigt sein. Einsetzbar sind hier sämtliche bekannten Säuren bzw. Laugen, sofern sich ihr Einsatz nicht aus anwendungstechnischen oder ökologischen Gründen bzw. aus Gründen des Verbraucherschutzes verbietet. Üblicherweise überschreitet die Menge dieser Stellmittel 7 Gew.% der Gesamtformulierung nicht. Der pH-Wert von flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln liegt bevorzugt zwischen 4 und 10 und bevorzugt zwischen 5.5 und 8.5. Der pH-Wert von flüssigen Weichspülern liegt bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 6 und bevorzugt zwischen 1.5 und 3.5.In order to bring the pH of the liquid detergents and cleaners into the desired range, the use of pH adjusters may be indicated. Can be used here are all known acids or alkalis, unless their use is not for technical application or environmental reasons or for reasons of consumer protection prohibited. Usually, the amount of these adjusting agents does not exceed 7% by weight of the total formulation. The pH of liquid detergents and cleaners is preferably between 4 and 10, and preferably between 5.5 and 8.5. The pH of liquid fabric softeners is preferably between 1 and 6 and preferably between 1.5 and 3.5.
Um den ästhetischen Eindruck der Textilbehandlungsmittel zu verbessern, können sie mit geeigneten Farbstoffen eingefärbt werden. Bevorzugte Farbstoffe, deren Auswahl dem Fachmann keinerlei Schwierigkeit bereitet, besitzen eine hohe Lagerstabilität und Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber den übrigen Inhaltsstoffen der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel und gegen Licht sowie keine ausgeprägte Substantivität gegenüber Textilfasern, um diese nicht anzufärben.In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the textile treatment agents, they can be dyed with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to textile fibers so as not to stain them.
Geeignete Soil-Release-Polymere, die auch als "Antiredepositionsmittel" bezeichnet werden, sind beispielsweise nichtionische Celluloseether wie Methylcellulose und Methylhydroxypropylcellulose mit einem Anteil an Methoxygruppen von 15 bis 30Gew.% und an Hydroxypropylgruppen von 1 bis 15 Gew.%, jeweils bezogen auf den nichtionischen Celluloseether sowie die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Polymere der Phthalsäure und/oder Terephthalsäure bzw. von deren Derivaten, insbesondere Polymere aus Ethylenterephthalaten und/oder Polyethylen- und/oder Polypropylenglykolterephthalaten oder anionisch und/oder nichtionisch modifizierten Derivaten von diesen. Geeignete Derivate umfassen die sulfonierten Derivate der Phthalsäure- und Terephthalsäure-Polymere.Suitable soil-release polymers, which are also referred to as "antiredeposition agents", are, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a methoxy group content of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on nonionic cellulose ethers and the known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene and / or polypropylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives thereof. Suitable derivatives include the sulfonated derivatives of the phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
Optische Aufheller (sog. "Weisstöner") können den Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln zugesetzt werden, um Vergrauungen und Vergilbungen der behandelten Textilen Flächengebilden zu beseitigen. Diese Stoffe ziehen auf die Faser auf und bewirken eine Aufhellung und vorgetäuschte Bleichwirkung, indem sie unsichtbare Ultraviolettstrahlung in sichtbares längenwelliges Lichtumwandeln, wobei das aus dem Sonnenlicht absorbierte ultraviolette Licht als schwach bläuliche Fluoreszenz abgestrahlt wird und mit dem Gelbton der vergrauten bzw. vergilbten Wäsche reines Weiss ergibt. Geeignete Verbindungen stammen beispielsweiseaus den Substanzklassen der 4,4'-Diamino-2,2'-stilbendisulfonsaeuren (Flavonsäuren), 4,4'-Distyryl-biphenylen, Methylumbelliferone, Cumarine, Dihydrochinolinone, 1,3-Diarylpyrazoline,Naphthalsaeureimide, Benzoxazol-, Benzisoxazol- und Benzimidazol-Systeme sowie der durch Heterocyclen substituierten Pyrenderivate. Die optischen Aufheller werden üblicherweise in Mengen zwischen 0 % und 0.3 Gew.%, bezogen auf das fertige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, eingesetzt.Optical brighteners (so-called "whiteners") can be added to the detergents and cleaning agents in order to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated textile fabrics. These substances are absorbed by the fiber and cause lightening and fake bleaching by transforming invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible long wavelength light, with the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight being emitted as faint bluish fluorescence and the gray of the gray or yellowed laundry results in pure white. Suitable compounds are derived, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulphonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalic acid imides, benzoxazole, Benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems and substituted by heterocycles pyrene derivatives. The optical brighteners are usually used in amounts of between 0% and 0.3% by weight, based on the finished detergent and cleaner.
Vergrauungsinhibitoren haben die Aufgabe, den von der Faser abgelösten Schmutz in der Flotte suspendiert zu halten und so das Wiederaufziehen des Schmutzes zu verhindern. Hierzu sind wasserlösliche Kolloide meist organischer Naturgeeignet, beispielsweise Leim, Gelatine, Salze von Ethersulfonsäuren der Stärke oder der Cellulose oder Salze von sauren Schwefelsäureestern der Cellulose oder der Stärke. Auch wasserlösliche, saure Gruppen enthaltende Polyamide sind für diesen Zweck geeignet. Weiterhin lassen sich lösliche Stärkepräparate und andere als die obengenannten Stärkeprodukte verwenden, zum Beispiel abgebaute Stärke, Aldehydstärken usw. Auch Polyvinylpyrrolidon ist brauchbar. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Celluloseether wie Carboxymethylcellulose (Na-Salz), Methylcellulose, Hydroxyalkylcellulose und Mischether wie Methylhydroxyethylcellulose, Methylhydroxypropy-Icellulose, Methylcarboxymethyl-cellulose und deren Gemische in Mengen von 0.1 bis 5 Gew.%, bezogen auf die Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, eingesetzt.Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt. For this purpose, water-soluble colloids are mostly of organic nature, for example glue, gelatin, salts of ether sulfonic acids or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Also, water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose. It is also possible to use soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also useful. However, preference is given to using cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the detergents and cleaners.
Da textile Flächengebilde, insbesondere aus Reyon, Zellwolle, Baumwolle und deren Mischungen, zum Knittern neigen können, weil die Einzelfasern gegen Durchbiegen, Knicken, Pressen und Quetschen quer zur Faserrichtung empfindlich sind, können die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel synthetische Knitterschutzmittel enthalten. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise synthetische Produkte auf der Basis von Fettsäuren, Fettsäureestern, Fettsäureamiden, - alkylolestern,-alkylolamiden oder Fettalkoholen, die meist mit Ethylenoxid umgesetzt sind, oder Produkte auf der Basis von Lecithin oder modifizierter Phosphorsäureester.Since textile fabrics, in particular of rayon, viscose staple, cotton and their mixtures, can tend to wrinkle because the individual fibers are sensitive to bending, buckling, pressing and squeezing transversely to the fiber direction, the detergents and cleaners may contain synthetic crease inhibitors. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, - alkylol esters, -alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are usually reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.
Zur Bekämpfung von Mikroorganismen können die Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe enthalten. Hierbei unterscheidet man je nach antimikrobiellem Spektrum und Wirkungsmechanismus zwischen Bakteriostatika und Bakteriziden, Fungistatika und Fungiziden usw. Wichtige Stoffe aus diesen Gruppensind beispielsweise Benzalkoniumchloride, Alkylarylsulfonate, Halogenphenole und Phenolmercuriacetat, wobei bei den erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln auch gänzlich auf diese Verbindungen verzichtet werden kann.To combat microorganisms, the detergents and cleaning agents may contain antimicrobial agents. Depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, a distinction is made between bacteriostatic agents and bactericides, fungistatics and fungicides, etc. Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenolmercuric acetate, and the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention can be completely dispensed with.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel können Konservierungsmittel enthalten, wobei vorzugsweise nur solche eingesetzt werden, die kein oder nur ein geringes hautsensibilisierendes Potential besitzen. Beispiele sind Sorbinsäure und seine Salze, Benzoesäure und seine Salze, Salicylsäure und seine Salze, Phenoxyethanol, 3-lodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamat, Natrium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinat, Biphenyl-2-ol sowie Mischungen davon. Ein geeignetes Konservierungsmittel stellt die lösungsmittelfreie, wässrige Kombination von Diazolidinylharnstoff, Natriumbenzoat und Kaliumsorbat (erhältlich als Euxyl® K 500ex Schülke and Mayr) dar, welches in einem pH-Bereich bis 7 eingesetzt werden kann. Insbesondere eignen sich Konservierungsmittel auf Basis von organischen Säuren und/oder deren Salzen zur Konservierung der erfindungsgemäßen, hautfreundlichen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel.The detergents and cleaners according to the invention may contain preservatives, it being preferred to use only those which have no or only a low skin-sensitizing potential. Examples are sorbic acid and its salts, benzoic acid and its salts, salicylic acid and its salts, phenoxyethanol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, sodium N- (hydroxymethyl) glycinate, biphenyl-2-ol and mixtures thereof. A suitable preservative provides the solvent-free, aqueous combination of diazolidinyl urea, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (available as Euxyl K ® 500ex Schulke and Mayr), which can be used in a pH range up. 7 In particular, preservatives based on organic acids and / or their salts are suitable for preserving the skin-friendly detergents and cleaners according to the invention.
Um unerwünschte, durch Sauerstoffeinwirkung und andere oxidative Prozesse verursachte Veränderungen an den Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln und/oder den behandelten textilen Flächengebilden zu verhindern, können die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel Antioxidantien enthalten. Zu dieser Verbindungsklasse gehören beispielsweise substituierte Phenole, Hydrochinone, Brenzcatechine und aromatische Amine sowie organische Sulfide, Polysulfide, Dithiocarbamate, Phosphite, Phosphonate und Vitamin E.To prevent undesirable changes to the detergents and cleaners and / or the treated fabrics caused by oxygen and other oxidative processes, the detergents and cleaners may contain antioxidants. This class of compounds includes, for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, catechols and aromatic amines, as well as organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, phosphites, phosphonates and vitamin E.
Ein erhöhter Tragekomfort kann aus der zusätzlichen Verwendung von Antistatika resultieren, die den Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln zusätzlich beigefügt werden. Antistatika vergrößern die Oberflächenleitfähigkeit und ermöglichen damit ein verbessertes Abfließen gebildeter Ladungen. Antistatika sind in der Regel Substanzen mit wenigstens einem hydrophilen Molekuelliganden und geben auf den Oberflächen einen mehr oder minder hygroskopischen Film. Diese zumeist grenzflächenaktiven Antistatika lassen sich in stickstoffhaltige (Amine, Amide, quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen), phosphorhaltige (Phosphorsaeureester) und schwefelhaltige (Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate) Antistatika unterteilen. Lauryl-(bzw. Stearyl-)dimethylbenzylammoniumchloride eignen sich als Antistatika für textile Flächengebilde bzw. als Zusatz zu Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, wobei zusätzlich ein Avivageeffekt erzielt wird.An increased wearing comfort can result from the additional use of antistatic agents, which are additionally added to the detergents and cleaners. Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges. Antistatic agents are generally substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give a more or less hygroscopic film on the surfaces. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be subdivided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents. Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are suitable as antistatic agents for textile fabrics or as an additive to detergents and cleaners, wherein a softening effect is additionally achieved.
Zur Verbesserung der Wiederbenetzbarkeit der behandelten textilen Flächengebilde und zur Erleichterung des Bügelns der behandelten textilen Flächengebilde können in den Textilbehandlungsmitteln beispielsweise Silikonderivate eingesetzt werden. Diese verbessern zusätzlich das Ausspülverhalten der Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel durch ihre schauminhibierenden Eigenschaften. Bevorzugte Silikonderivate sind beispielsweise Polydialkyl- oder Alkylarylsiloxane, bei denen die Alkylgruppen ein bis fünf C-Atome aufweisen und ganz oder teilweise fluoriert sind. Bevorzugte Silikone sind Polydimethylsiloxane, die gegebenenfalls derivatisiert sein können und dann aminofunktionell oder quaterniert sind bzw. Si-OH-, Si-H-und/oder Si-Cl-Bindungen aufweisen. Die Viskositäten der bevorzugten Silikone liegen bei 25 °C im Bereich zwischen 100 und 100.000 mPas, wobei die Silikone in Mengen zwischen 0.2 und 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das gesamte Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel eingesetzt werden können.To improve the rewettability of the treated fabrics and to facilitate the ironing of the treated fabrics, for example, silicone derivatives may be used in the fabric treatment agents. These additionally improve the rinsing behavior of the detergents and cleaning agents by their foam-inhibiting properties. Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated. Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or Si-OH, Si-H and / or Have Si-Cl bonds. The viscosities of the preferred silicones are in the range between 100 and 100,000 mPas at 25 ° C, wherein the silicones in amounts between 0.2 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total detergent and cleaning agent can be used.
Schließlich können die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel auch UV-Absorber enthalten, die auf die behandelten textilen Flächengebilde aufziehen und die Lichtbeständigkeit der Fasern verbessern. Verbindungen, die diese gewünschten Eigenschaften aufweisen, sind beispielsweise die durch strahlungslose Deaktivierung wirksamen Verbindungen und Derivate des Benzophenons mit Substituenten in 2- und/oder4-Stellung. Weiterhin sind auch substituierte Benzotriazole, in 3-Stellung Phenyl-substituierte Acrylate (Zimtsäurederivate), gegebenenfalls mit Cyanogruppen in 2-Stellung, Salicylate, organische Ni-Komplexe sowie Naturstoffe wie Umbelliferon und die körpereigene Urocansäure geeignet.Finally, the detergents and cleaners may also contain UV absorbers which wick onto the treated fabrics and improve the lightfastness of the fibers. Compounds exhibiting these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivation compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Also suitable are substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
Um die durch Schwermetalle katalysierte Zersetzung bestimmter Waschmittel-Inhaltsstoffe zu vermeiden, können Stoffe eingesetzt werden, die Schwermetalle komplexieren. Geeignete Schwermetallkomplexbildner sind beispielsweise die Alkalisalze der Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure(EDTA) oder der Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA) sowie Alkalimetallsalze von anionischen Polyelektrolyten wie Polymaleaten und Polysulfonaten. Eine bevorzugte Klasse von Komplexbildnern sind die Phosphonate, die in bevorzugten Textilbehandlungsmitteln in Mengen von 0.01 bis 2.5 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 0.02 bis 2 Gew.% und insbesondere von 0.03 bis 1.5 Gew.% enthalten sind. Zu diesen bevorzugten Verbindungen zählen insbesondere Organophosphonate wie beispielsweisel-Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonsaeure (HEDP), Aminotri(methylenphosphonsäure) (ATMP), Diethylentriamin-penta (methylenphosphonsäure) (DTPMP bzw. DETPMP) sowie 2-Phosphonobutan-1,2,4-tricarbonsäure (PBS-AM), die zumeist in Form ihrer Ammonium- oder Alkalimetallsalze eingesetzt werden.In order to avoid the catalyzed by heavy metals decomposition of certain detergent ingredients, substances that complex heavy metals can be used. Suitable heavy metal complexing agents are, for example, the alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and alkali metal salts of anionic polyelectrolytes such as polymaleates and polysulfonates. A preferred class of complexing agents are the phosphonates, which are contained in preferred textile treatment agents in amounts of from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 2% by weight and in particular from 0.03 to 1.5% by weight. These preferred compounds include, in particular, organophosphonates such as, for example, hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP or DETPMP) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2, 4-tricarboxylic acid (PBS-AM), which are mostly used in the form of their ammonium or alkali metal salts.
Die Herstellung der flüssigen Waschmittel erfolgt mittels üblicher und bekannter Methoden und Verfahren in dem beispielsweise die Bestandteile einfach in Rührkesseln vermischt werden, wobei Wasser, nicht-wässrige Lösungsmittel und Tenside, zweckmäßigerweise vorgelegt werden und die weiteren Bestandteile portionsweise hinzugefügt werden. So können flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel hergestellt werden, indem die sauren Komponenten wie beispielsweise die linearen Alkylsulfonate, Zitronensäure, Borsäure, Phosphonsäure, die Fettalkoholethersulfate, usw. und die nichtionischen Tenside vorgelegt werden. Die Lösungsmittelkomponente wird vorzugsweise auch zu diesem Zeitpunkt hinzugegeben, die Zugabe kann aber auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erfolgen. Zu diesen Komponenten wird das Polyacrylat gegeben. Anschließend wird eine Base wie beispielsweise NaOH, KOH, Triethanolamin oder Monoethanolamin gefolgt von der Fettsäure, falls vorhanden, zugegeben. Darauf folgend werden die restlichen Inhaltsstoffe und die restlichen Lösungsmittel des wässrigen flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel zu der Mischung gegeben und der pH-Wert auf ungefähr 8,5 eingestellt. Abschließend können die zu dispergierenden Partikel zugegeben und durch Mischen homogen in dem wässrigen flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel verteilt werden.The liquid detergents are prepared by customary and known methods and processes in which, for example, the constituents are simply mixed in stirred kettles, whereby water, nonaqueous solvents and surfactants are expediently introduced and the further constituents are added in portions. Thus, liquid detergents and cleaners can be prepared by the acidic components such as the linear alkyl sulfonates, citric acid, boric acid, phosphonic acid, the fatty alcohol ether sulfates, etc. and the nonionic surfactants are presented. The solvent component is preferably also added at this time, but the addition may also be made at a later time. To these components is added the polyacrylate. Subsequently, a base such as NaOH, KOH, triethanolamine or monoethanolamine is added followed by the fatty acid, if any. Subsequently, the remaining ingredients and the remaining solvents of the aqueous liquid detergent and cleaner are added to the mixture and the pH is adjusted to about 8.5. Finally, the particles to be dispersed are added and distributed homogeneously in the aqueous liquid detergent and cleaner by mixing.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Waschmittel, die sowohl für manuelle oder maschinelle Wäsche, insbesondere von Textilien geeignet sind. Es kann sich auch um Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel für den industriellen Bereich oder für den Haushaltsbereich handeln. Reinigungsmittel können beispielsweise auch zur Reinigung harter Oberflächen eingesetzt werden. Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um Geschirrreinigungsmittel handeln, die zur manuellen oder maschinellen Reinigung von Geschirr eingesetzt werden. Es kann sich auch um übliche Industrie- oder Haushaltsreiniger handeln, mit denen harte Oberflächen wie Möbeloberflächen, Fliesen, Kacheln, Wand- und Bodenbeläge gereinigt werden. Als harte Oberflächen kommen neben Geschirr auch alle übrigen harten Oberflächen, insbesondere aus Glas, Keramik, Kunststoff oder Metall, in Haushalt und Gewerbe in Frage.The compositions according to the invention are preferably detergents which are suitable both for manual or machine washing, in particular for textiles. It can also be detergents or cleaning agents for industrial or household use. Cleaning agents can also be used, for example, for cleaning hard surfaces. These may be, for example, dishwashing detergents used for manual or automatic dishwashing. It can also be common industrial or household cleaners, which are used to clean hard surfaces such as furniture surfaces, tiles, tiles, wall and floor coverings. In addition to tableware, all other hard surfaces, in particular of glass, ceramic, plastic or metal, in household and in trade are also considered hard surfaces.
Dabei handelt es sich bei den Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln bevorzugt um flüssige Formulierungen, wobei es sich um Lösungen, Emulsionen, Dispersionen Suspensionen, Mikroemulsionen, Gels oder Pasten handeln kann.The detergents and cleaning agents are preferably liquid formulations, which may be solutions, emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, microemulsions, gels or pastes.
Als Oberflächenbehandlungsmittel kann das Mittel dementsprechend übliche Inhaltsstoffe von Reinigungsmitteln in üblichen Mengen enthalten. Beispielsweise können Oberflächenbehandlungsmittel als Reinigungsmittel, Alkylethersulfate, Alkyl- und/oder Arylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Amphotenside, Anionentenside, nichtionische Tenside, kationische Tenside, Lösungsmittel, Verdickungsmittel, Dicarbonsäure (salze) und weitere Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe enthalten.As a surface treatment agent, the composition may accordingly contain conventional ingredients of detergents in conventional amounts. For example, surface treatment agents may contain as cleaning agents, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl and / or aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, amphoteric surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, solvents, thickeners, dicarboxylic acid (salts) and other auxiliaries and additives.
Diese zusätzlichen Inhaltstoffe sind teilweise bereits vorne näher erläutert und gelten hier ebenfalls für den Einsatz in Reinigungsmittel(siehe z.B. nichtionische Tenside). Als Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe können - insbesondere in Handgeschirrspülmitteln und Reinigungsmitteln für harte Oberflächen, insbesondere UV-Stabilisatoren, Parfüm, Perlglanzmittel (INCI Opacifying Agents; beispielsweise Glykoldistearat, z.B. Cutina® AGS der Fa. Henkel KGaA, bzw. dieses enthaltende Mischungen, z.B. die Euperlane® der Fa. Henkel KGaA), SRP (soil repellent polymers), PEG-Terephthalate, Farbstoffe, Bleichmittel (z. B. Wasserstoffperoxid), Korrosionsinhibitoren, Konservierungsmittel (z.B. das technische auch als Bronopol bezeichnete 2-Brom-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol(CAS 52-51-7), das beispielsweise als Myacide® BT oder als BootsBronopol BT von der Firma Boots gewerblich erhältlich ist) sowie Hautgefühlverbessernde oder pflegende Additive (z.B. dermatologisch wirksame Substanzen wie Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, D-Panthenol, Sericerin, Collagen-Partial-Hydrolysat,verschiedene pflanzliche Protein-Partial-Hydrolysate, Proteinhydrolysat-Fettsäure-Kondensate, Liposome, Polypropylenglykol, Nutrilan™ Chitosan™, Cholesterin, pflanzliche und tierische Öle wie z.B. Lecithin, Sojaöl, usw., Pflanzenextrakte wie z.B. Aloe Vera, Azulen, Hamamelisextrakte, Algenextrakte, usw., Allantoin, A.H.A.-Komplexe, in Mengen von üblicherweise nicht mehr als 5 Gew.% enthalten sein. Zur Leistungssteigerung können geringe Mengen Enzyme eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt sind Proteasen (z.B. BLAP (Henkel), Savinase (NOVO), Durazym (NOVO), Maxapemm, etc.), Amylasen (z.B. Fermamyl (NOVO), etc.), Lipasen (z.B. Lipolase (NOVO), etc.), Peroxidasen, Gluconasen, Cellulasen, Mannasen, usw., in Mengen von vorzugsweise 0.001 bis 1.5 Gew.% und besonders bevorzugt weniger als 0.5 Gew.%.Some of these additional ingredients are already explained in detail in the front and are also valid for use in detergents (see eg nonionic surfactants). As auxiliaries and additives - especially in hand dishwashing detergents and cleaners for hard surfaces, in particular UV stabilizers, perfume, pearlescing agents (INCI Opacifying Agents, for example glycol distearate, eg Cutina AGS ® the company Henkel KGaA, or mixtures containing this, eg the Euperlane ® from. Henkel KGaA), SRP (soil repellent polymers), PEG-terephthalate, dyes, bleaching agents (eg., hydrogen peroxide), corrosion inhibitors, preservatives (for example, the technical also referred to as Bronopol 2-bromo-2-
Das Stabilisierungssystem der vorliegenden Erfindung wird angewendet auf Kapseln, die Wirk- und Inhaltstoffe enthalten. Die Kapseln in der vorliegenden Erfindung können dabei Partikel, Mikrokapseln oder Speckles aber auch Granulate, Compounds und Duftperlen sein, wobei Mikrokapseln oder Speckles bevorzugt sind.The stabilizing system of the present invention is applied to capsules containing active ingredients and ingredients. The capsules in the present invention may be particles, microcapsules or speckles, but also granules, compounds and fragrance beads, with microcapsules or speckles being preferred.
Unter dem Begriff "Mikrokapsel" werden Aggregate verstanden, die mindestens einen festen oder flüssigen Kern enthalten, der von mindestens einer kontinuierlichen Hülle, insbesondere einer Hülle aus Polymer(en), umschlossen ist. Üblicherweise handelt es sich um mit filmbildenden Polymeren umhüllte feindisperse flüssige oder feste Phasen, bei deren Herstellung sich die Polymere nach Emulgierung und Koazervation oder Grenzflächenpolymerisation auf dem einzuhüllenden Material niederschlagen. Die mikroskopisch kleinen Kapseln lassen sich wie Pulver trocknen. Neben einkernigen Mikrokapseln sind auch mehrkernige Aggregate, auch Mikrosphären genannt, bekannt, die zwei oder mehr Kerne im kontinuierlichen Hüllmaterial verteilt enthalten. Ein- oder mehrkernige Mikrokapseln können zudem von einer zusätzlichen zweiten, dritten etc. Hülle umschlossen sein. Bevorzugt sind einkernige Mikrokapseln mit einer kontinuierlichen Hülle. Die Hülle kann aus natürlichen, halbsynthetischen oder synthetischen Materialien bestehen. Natürliche Hüllmaterialien sind beispielsweise Gummi arabicum, Agar Agar, Agarose, Maltodextrine, Alginsäure bzw. ihre Salze, z.B. Natrium- oder Calciumalginat, Fette und Fettsäuren, Cetylalkohol, Collagen, Chitosan, Lecithine, Gelatine, Albumin, Schellack, Polysaccharide, wie Stärke oder Dextran, Sucrose und Wachse. Halbsynthetische Hüllmaterialien sind unter anderem chemisch modifizierte Cellulosen, insbesondere Celluloseester und -ether, z.B. Celluloseacetat, Ethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose und Carboxymethylcellulose, sowie Stärkederivate, insbesondere Stärkeether und -ester. Synthetische Hüllmaterialien sind beispielsweise Polymere wie Polyacrylate, Polyamide, Polyvinylalkohol oder Polyvinylpyrrolidon.The term "microcapsule" is understood to mean aggregates which contain at least one solid or liquid core which is enclosed by at least one continuous shell, in particular a shell of polymer (s). These are usually finely dispersed liquid or solid phases coated with film-forming polymers, during the production of which the polymers precipitate on the material to be enveloped after emulsification and coacervation or interfacial polymerization. The microscopic capsules can be dried like powder. Besides mononuclear microcapsules, multinuclear aggregates, also called microspheres, are known, which contain two or more cores distributed in the continuous shell material. Mono- or polynuclear microcapsules can also be enclosed by an additional second, third, etc., sheath. Preferred are mononuclear microcapsules with a continuous shell. The shell may be made of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic materials. Natural shell materials are, for example, gum arabic, agar agar, agarose, maltodextrins, alginic acid or its salts, e.g. Sodium or calcium alginate, fats and fatty acids, cetyl alcohol, collagen, chitosan, lecithins, gelatin, albumin, shellac, polysaccharides such as starch or dextran, sucrose and waxes. Semisynthetic shell materials include chemically modified celluloses, especially cellulose esters and ethers, e.g. Cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as starch derivatives, in particular starch ethers and esters. Synthetic envelope materials are, for example, polymers such as polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei den Kapseln um Mikrokapseln, die ein wasserunlösliches Wandmaterial aufweisen, vorzugsweise Polyurethane, Polyolefine, Polyamide, Polyester, Polysaccharide, Epoxydharze, Silikonharze und/oder Polykondensationsprodukte aus Carbonyl-Verbindungen und NH-Gruppen enthaltenden Verbindungen umfasst.Preferably, the capsules are microcapsules which comprise a water-insoluble wall material, preferably polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polysaccharides, epoxy resins, silicone resins and / or polycondensation products of carbonyl compounds and compounds containing NH groups.
Das Vorgehen bei der Mikrokapselherstellung als solches ist dem Fachmann wohlbekannt. Geeignete Verfahren zur Mikrokapselherstellung sind dem Fachmann vertraut und sind z. B. in
Bevorzugt können beispielsweise Melamin-Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Mikrokapseln oder Melamin-Formaldehyd-Mikrokapseln oder Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Mikrokapseln eingesetzt werden, z. B. erhältlich von der 3M Corporation oder der BASF.Preferably, for example, melamine-urea-formaldehyde microcapsules or melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules or urea-formaldehyde microcapsules can be used, for. Available from 3M Corporation or BASF.
Geeignete Mikrokapseln werden z. B. auch in
Die Mikrokapseln sind nach im Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren zugänglich, wobei der Koazervation und der Grenzflächenpolymerisation die größte Bedeutung zukommt. Als Mikrokapseln lassen sich sämtliche auf dem Markt angebotenen tensidstabilen Mikrokapseln einsetzen, beispielsweise die Handelsprodukte (in Klammern angegeben ist jeweils das Hüllmaterial) Hallcrest Microcapsules (Gelatine, Gummi Arabicum), Coletica Thalaspheres (maritimes Collagen), Lipotec Millicapseln (Alginsäure, Agar-Agar), Induchem Unispheres (Lactose, mikrokristalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose); Unicerin C30 (Lactose, mikrokristalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), Kobo Glycospheres (modifizierte Stärke, Fettsäureester, Phospholipide), Softspheres (modifiziertes Agar Agar) und Kuhs Probiol Nanospheres (Phospholipide).The microcapsules are accessible by methods known in the art, with coacervation and interfacial polymerization being the most important. As microcapsules, all surfactant-stable microcapsules available on the market can be used for example, the commercial products (in each case the shell material) Hallcrest Microcapsules (gelatin, gum arabic), Coletica Thalaspheres (marine collagen), Lipotec Millicapseln (alginic acid, agar-agar), Induchem Unispheres (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) ; Unicerin C30 (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), Kobo Glycospheres (modified starch, fatty acid esters, phospholipids), Softspheres (modified Agar Agar) and Kuhs Probiol Nanospheres (phospholipids).
Alternativ können auch Partikel eingesetzt werden, die keine Kern-Hülle-Struktur aufweisen, sondern in denen der Wirkstoff in einer Matrix aus einem matrix-bildenden Material verteilt ist. Solche Partikel werden auch als "Speckles" bezeichnet.Alternatively, it is also possible to use particles which have no core-shell structure but in which the active substance is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material. Such particles are also referred to as "speckles".
Ein bevorzugtes matrix-bildendes Material ist Alginat. Zur Herstellung Alginat-basierter Speckles wird eine wässrige Alginat-Lösung, welche auch den einzuschließenden Wirkstoff bzw. die einzuschließenden Wirkstoffe enthält, vertropft und anschließend in einem Ca2+-Ionen oder Al3+-Ionen enthaltendem Fällbad ausgehärtet. Es kann vorteilhaft sein, dass die Alginat-basierten Speckles anschließend mit Wasser gewaschen und dann in einer wässrigen Lösung mit einem Komplexbildner gewaschen werden, um freie Ca2+-lonen oder freie Al3+-Ionen, welche unerwünschte Wechselwirkungen mit Inhaltsstoffen des flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittels, z.B. den Fettsäureseifen, eingehen können, auszuwaschen. Anschließend werden die Alginat-basierten Speckles noch mal mit Wasser gewaschen, um überschüssigen Komplexbildner zu entfernen. Alternativ können anstelle von Alginat andere, matrix-bildende Materialien eingesetzt werden. Beispiele für matrix-bildende Materialien umfassen Polyethylenglykol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polymethacrylat, Polylysin, Poloxamer, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyacrylsäure, Polyethylenoxid, Polyethoxyoxazolin, Albumin, Gelatine, Acacia, Chitosan, Cellulose, Dextran, Ficoll®, Stärke, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Hyaluronsäure, Carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, deacetyliertes Chitosan, Dextransulfat und Derivate dieser Materialien. Die Matrixbildung erfolgt bei diesen Materialien beispielsweise über Gelierung, Polyanion-Polykation-Wechselwirkungen oder Polyelektrolyt-Metallion-Wechselwirkungen und ist im Stand der Technik genauso wie die Herstellung von Partikeln mit diesen matrix-bildenden Materialien wohl bekannt.A preferred matrix-forming material is alginate. To produce alginate-based speckles, an aqueous alginate solution which also contains the active ingredient or the active ingredients to be entrapped is dripped and then cured in a precipitation bath containing Ca.sup.2 + ions or Al.sub.3.sup. + Ions. It may be advantageous that the alginate-based speckles are subsequently washed with water and then washed in an aqueous solution with a complexing agent to
Die Partikel können stabil in den wässrigen flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel dispergiert werden. Stabil bedeutet, dass die Mittel bei Raumtemperatur und bei 40 °C über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 4 Wochen und bevorzugt von mindestens 6 Wochen stabil sind, ohne dass die Mittel aufrahmen oder sedimentierenThe particles can be stably dispersed in the aqueous liquid detergent and cleaner. Stable means that the compositions are stable at room temperature and at 40 ° C for a period of at least 4 weeks, and preferably at least 6 weeks, without the medium creaming or sedimenting
Die Kapseln können im herstellungsbedingten Rahmen eine beliebige Form aufweisen, sie sind jedoch bevorzugt näherungsweise kugelförmig. Ihr Durchmesser entlang ihrer größten räumlichen Ausdehnung kann je nach den in ihrem Inneren enthaltenen Komponenten und der Anwendung zwischen 0.1 nm (visuell nicht als Kapsel erkennbar) und 1000 µm liegen. Bevorzugt einsetzbare Mikrokapseln weisen mittlere Durchmesser im Bereich von 0.1 bis 1.000 µm auf, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 100 µm, insbesondere zwischen 5 und 75 µm, z. B. 10-50 µm. Die den Kern bzw. (gefüllten) Hohlraum umschließende Schale der Mikrokapseln hat eine durchschnittliche Dicke im Bereich zwischen rund 75 und 300 nm, vorzugsweise zwischen rund 80 nm m und etwa 250 nm, insbesondere zwischen rund 90 nm und etwa 200 nm. Mikrokapseln, die vorgenannte Parameter erfüllen, werden in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel besonders gut stabilisiert und zeigen also gute Ergebnisse im Sinne der Erfindung.The capsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably approximately spherical. Their diameter along their greatest spatial extent may be between 0.1 nm (not visually recognizable as a capsule) and 1000 μm, depending on the components contained in their interior and the application. Preferably usable microcapsules have average diameters in the range of 0.1 to 1,000 .mu.m, preferably between 1 and 100 .mu.m, in particular between 5 and 75 .mu.m, z. B. 10-50 microns. The shell of the microcapsules surrounding the core or (filled) cavity has an average thickness in the range of between about 75 and 300 nm, preferably between about 80 nm and about 250 nm, in particular between about 90 nm and about 200 nm. Microcapsules, the fulfill the aforementioned parameters are particularly well stabilized in detergents and cleaners and thus show good results in the context of the invention.
Im Inneren der Kapseln können empfindliche, chemisch oder physikalisch inkompatible sowie flüchtige Komponenten (= Wirkstoffe) des flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittels lager- und transportstabil eingeschlossen werden. In den Kapseln können sich beispielsweise optische Aufheller, Tenside, Komplexbildner, Bleichmittel, Bleichaktivatoren, Farb- und Duftstoffe, Antioxidantien, Gerüststoffe, Enzyme, Enzym-Stabilisatoren, antimikrobielle Wirkstoffe, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Antiredepositionsmittel, pH-Stellmittel, Elektrolyte, Schauminhibitoren und UV-Absorber befinden. Zusätzlich können die Kapseln der wässrigen flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel kationische Tenside, Vitamine, Proteine, Konservierungsmittel, Waschkraftverstärker oder Perlglanzgeber enthalten. Die Füllungen der Kapseln können Feststoffe oder Flüssigkeiten in Form von Lösungen oder Emulsionen bzw. Suspensionen sein.Inside the capsules, sensitive, chemically or physically incompatible as well as volatile components (= active ingredients) of the liquid detergent and cleaning agent can be enclosed stable in storage and transport. The capsules may include, for example, optical brighteners, surfactants, complexing agents, bleaches, bleach activators, dyes and fragrances, antioxidants, builders, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, graying inhibitors, anti redeposition agents, pH adjusters, electrolytes, foam inhibitors and UV absorbers are located. In addition, the capsules of the aqueous liquid detergents and cleaners may contain cationic surfactants, vitamins, proteins, preservatives, detergency boosters or pearlescers. The fillings of the capsules may be solids or liquids in the form of solutions or emulsions or suspensions.
Die Freisetzung der Wirkstoffe aus den Kapseln erfolgt üblicherweise während der Anwendung der sie enthaltenden Mittel durch Zerstörung der Hülle bzw. der Matrix infolge mechanischer, thermischer, chemischer oder enzymatischer Einwirkung. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthalten die flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel gleiche oder verschiedene Kapseln in Mengen von 0.01 bis 10 Gew%, insbesondere 0.03 bis 5 Gew% und äußerst bevorzugt 0.05 bis 2.5 Gew%.The release of the active ingredients from the capsules is usually carried out during the application of the agents containing them by destruction of the shell or the matrix due to mechanical, thermal, chemical or enzymatic action. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid detergents and cleaners contain identical or different capsules in amounts of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.03 to 5% by weight and very preferably from 0.05 to 2.5% by weight.
Die erfindungsgemäßen flüssigen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln mit Kapseln sind trüb und weisen keinen Bodensatz auf.The liquid detergents and cleaners according to the invention with capsules are cloudy and have no sediment.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst ebenfalls ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel, bei dem man ein Gemisch aus unterschiedlichen Duftstoffen, welche verkapselt vorliegen und mindestens einem Rheologie-Modifizierer ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus gehärteten Castorölen, gehärteten Castorwachsen, Schichtsilikaten, Polyacrylaten oder Mischungen daraus in ein Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel einarbeitet.The present invention also encompasses a process for preparing laundry detergents and cleaners which comprises mixing a mixture of different fragrances which are encapsulated and at least one rheology modifier selected from the group consisting of hardened castor oils, cured castor waxes, layered silicates, polyacrylates or mixtures incorporated into a detergent and cleaning agent.
Ferner umfasst die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln, wobei der Rheologie-Modifizierer aus Castorölen und / oder Castorwachsen in einem ersten Schritt (a) in einem Lösungsmittel eingerührt wird. Als Lösungsmittel geeignet sind wässrige Lösungen, wie Tensidlösungen und / oder alkoholische. Bevorzugt sind es Lösungsmittel, die für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel typisch sind und bereits oben beschrieben wurden. Vorzugsweise wird die komplette Menge an Rheologie-Modifzierer im Lösungsmittel eingerührt, und dann in einem zweiten Schritt b) das Gemisch bis zum Schmelzpunkt des Rheologie-Modifizierers erhitzt. Bevorzugt wird das Gemisch erhitzt auf mindestens 85°C, vorzugsweise von 85°C bis 90°C bzw. von 85°C bis 88°C. Der Rheologie-Modifizierer liegt bei diesen Temperaturen dann bevorzugt geschmolzen im Lösungsmittel vor. Anschließend wird in einem Schritt c) die Mischung auf 40°C unter Rühren abgekühlt und dann in einem Schritt d) die Mischung zu einer Wasch- bzw. Reinigungsmittelformulierung zugegeben.Furthermore, the invention comprises a process for the production of detergents and cleaners, wherein the rheology modifier is stirred in a solvent from castor oils and / or castor waxes in a first step (a). Suitable solvents are aqueous solutions, such as surfactant solutions and / or alcoholic. Preference is given to solvents which are typical for detergents and cleaners and have already been described above. Preferably, the complete amount of rheology modifier is stirred into the solvent and then in a second step b) the mixture is heated to the melting point of the rheology modifier. Preferably, the mixture is heated to at least 85 ° C, preferably from 85 ° C to 90 ° C or from 85 ° C to 88 ° C. The rheology modifier is then preferably melted in the solvent at these temperatures. Subsequently, in a step c), the mixture is cooled to 40 ° C. with stirring and then, in a step d), the mixture is added to a detergent formulation.
Die Verfahrensschritte können selbstverständlich auch modifiziert werden, beispielsweise, indem erst nur ein Teil des Rheologie-Modifizierers im Lösungsmittel eingerührt, erhitzt und so vorgelöst wird. Weitere Modifizierungen können in der Dauer des Heizzeitraumes, des Abkühlungszeitraums, und der Rührgeschwindigkeit des Gemisches liegen, die jedoch zum selben Ergebnis führen, nämlich ein Gemisch mit einem vorgelösten Rheologie-Modifizierer. Selbstverständlich kann dieses Gemisch entweder zu einer Wasch- bzw. Reinigungsmittelformulierung zugegeben werden, oder umgekehrt, die Wasch- bzw. Reinigungsmittelformulierung zu der Mischung zugegeben werden. Die Reihenfolge der Zugabe unterliegt hier keinen Beschränkungen.Of course, the process steps can also be modified, for example by first stirring only part of the rheology modifier in the solvent, heating it and thus predissolving it. Further modifications may be in the duration of the heating period, the cooling period, and the stirring rate of the mixture, which, however, lead to the same result, namely a mixture with a pre-dissolved rheology modifier. Of course, this mixture may be added to either a detergent formulation or, conversely, the detergent formulation be added to the mixture. The order of addition is not limited here.
Ebenso umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung eine Zusammensetzung, die eine Mischung aus einem Schichtsilikat mit einem Polyacrylat umfasst, zur Stabilisierung von Duftstoffkapseln in Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel.Likewise, the present invention comprises a composition comprising a mixture of a layered silicate with a polyacrylate, for the stabilization of perfume capsules in detergents and cleaners.
Bei dem Schichtsilikat handelt es sich um ein Gemisch, dass folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist: : etwa 40 bis 60 Gew.-% SiO2, etwa 20 bis 30 Gew.-% MgO, etwa 0.3 bis 0.9 Gew.-% Li2O, etwa 1.5 bis 3 Gew.-% Na2O, wobei ein solches Schichtsilikat vorzugsweise ein BET von etwa 345 bis 390 m2/g aufweist. Vorzugsweise geeignete Silikate bestehen aus einem Gemisch aus mehreren Komponenten, vorzugsweise etwa 50 bis 60 Gew.-% SiO2, 25 bis 28 Gew.-% MgO, etwa 0.5 bis 0.8 Gew.-% Li2O, etwa 2.0 bis 2.8 Gew.-% Na2O und weisen vorzugsweise ein BET von etwa 355 bis 380 m2/g auf. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Schichtsilikate, die aus 59.5 Gew.-% SiO2, 27.5 Gew.-% MgO, 0.8 Gew.-% Li2O und 2.8% Na2O bestehen und ein BET von 370 m2/g und einen pH-Wert von 9.8 (2% Suspension) aufweisen. Derartige Zusammensetzungen sind unter dem Handelsnamen Laponite® bekannt von Rockwood, besonders bevorzugt für die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung ist das Produkt Laponite® OG oder RD.In the layered silicate is a mixture that has the following composition: about 40 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2, about 20 to 30 wt .-% MgO, about 0.3 to 0.9 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 1.5 to 3 wt .-% Na 2 O, wherein such a layered silicate preferably has a BET of about 345 to 390 m 2 / g. Preferably suitable silicates consist of a mixture of several components, preferably about 50 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2 , 25 to 28 wt .-% MgO, about 0.5 to 0.8 wt .-% Li 2 O, about 2.0 to 2.8 wt. % Na 2 O and preferably have a BET of about 355 to 380 m 2 / g. Very particular preference is given to phyllosilicates which consist of 59.5% by weight SiO 2 , 27.5% by weight MgO, 0.8% by weight Li 2 O and 2.8% Na 2 O, and a BET of 370 m 2 / g and a pH Value of 9.8 (2% suspension). Such compositions are known from Rockwood under the trade name Laponite ®, particularly preferably for the inventive composition, the product Laponite ® OG or RD is.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich beim Polyacrylat um eine Komponente, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus HASE-Polymer, ASE-Polymer, Latex Polyacrylat, anionische Polyacrylatemulsion oder Polyacrylatdispersion. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das HASE-Polymer Acrylates/Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer vorzugsweise das Produkt Thixcin® und das Latex Polyacrylat, vorzugsweise das Polygel W 301 und die Polyacrylatemulsion bevorzugt Polygel W400 und die Polyacrylatdispersion bevorzugt Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer.Preferably, the polyacrylate is a component selected from the group consisting of HASE polymer, ASE polymer, latex polyacrylate, anionic polyacrylate emulsion or polyacrylate dispersion. In a preferred embodiment, the HASE polymer Acrylates / Beneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer preferably the product Thixcin ® and the latex polyacrylate, preferably the Polygel W 301 and the polyacrylate is preferably Polygel W400 and the polyacrylate preferably Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer.
Derartige Mischungen aus Laponite® OG mit Polyacrylaten weisen ausgeprägte synergistische Effekte in der Stabilisierung von Kapseln mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrössenverteilung von 0.1 nm bis 1.000 µm auf, bevorzugt weisen die Kapseln eine durchschnittliche Teilchengrößenverteilung von 1 bis 100 µm, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 75 µm, ganz besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 50 µm.Such mixtures of Laponite ® OG with polyacrylates have pronounced synergistic effect in the stabilization of capsules having an average particle size of 0.1 nm to 1000 .mu.m, preferably, the capsules have an average particle size of 1 to 100 .mu.m, particularly preferably 5 to 75 .mu.m, very particularly preferably 10 to 50 μm.
Die Erfindung wird durch die nachstehenden Beispiele näher erläutert. Alle Angaben erfolgen in Gewichtsprozent, jeweils bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel.The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. All information is given in weight percent, in each case based on the total mean.
Herstellung der Beispielrezepturen mit Duftstoffkapseln
- a) Stabilisierungssystem H1:
- Thixcin® wird in
eine Menge von 0,2-0,4% in einem Gemisch aus Natriumbenzolsulfonat und Wasser zu gegeben und auf mind. 85°C erwärmt. Anschließend wird das Gemisch gerührt bis die Temperatur ca. 40°C erreicht hat. Zuletzt wird der Rest der Formulierung zu gegeben (Rezeptur in Tabelle 1).
- Thixcin® wird in
- b) Stabilisierungssysteme H2 bis H5:
- HASE-Polyacrylate bzw. ASE-Polyacrylate (Novethix™ L10 Polymer, Polygel W301, Polygel W400, Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer) wird in eine Menge von 0.2 - 1.5% in Kombination mit Lithium-Magnesium-Natriumsilikat (Laponite® OG), in eine Menge von 0.1-0.3% in die Rezeptur (Tabelle 1) eingerührt.
- c) Vergleichssysteme V1:
- Es wird die Basisrezeptur (Tabelle 1) ohne weitere Zusätze verwendet.
- d) Vergleichssysteme V2 bis V5:
- HASE-Polyacrylate bzw. ASE-Polyacrylate (Novethix™ L10 Polymer, Polygel W301, Polygel W400, Carbopol® Aqua 30 Polymer) wird in eine Menge von 0.2 - 1.5% ohne Lithium-Magnesium-Natriumsilikat (Laponite® OG) in die Rezeptur (Tabelle 1) eingerührt.
- a) Stabilization system H1:
- Thixcin ® is to placed in an amount of 0.2-0.4% in a mixture of sodium benzenesulfonate and water and heated to min. 85 ° C. Subsequently, the mixture is stirred until the temperature has reached about 40 ° C. Finally, the rest of the formulation is added (recipe in Table 1).
- b) Stabilization Systems H2 to H5:
- HASE polyacrylates or ASE polyacrylates (Novethix ™ L10 polymer Polygel W301, Polygel W400, Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer) is in an amount of 0.2 - 1.5% in combination with lithium magnesium sodium silicate (Laponite ® OG), in an amount of 0.1-0.3% was incorporated into the formulation (Table 1).
- c) comparison systems V1:
- The basic formulation (Table 1) is used without further additives.
- d) comparison systems V2 to V5:
- HASE polyacrylates or ASE polyacrylates (Novethix ™ L10 polymer Polygel W301, Polygel W400, Carbopol ® Aqua 30 polymer) is in an amount of 0.2 - (1.5% without lithium magnesium sodium silicate (Laponite ® OG) in the formulation Table 1).
Die Waschmittel-Proben wurden in 30ml-Glasflaschen bei 23°C, 5°C und 40°C eingelagert. Nach 1, 2 ,3 und 4 Wochen wurden die Proben visuell auf Separation der (Duftstoff-) Kapseln beurteilt. Wurden Separationen beobachtet, wurde die Formulierung als instabil bewertet. Waren keine Separationen zu beobachten, wurde die Probe als stabil bewertet.The detergent samples were stored in 30 ml glass bottles at 23 ° C, 5 ° C and 40 ° C. After 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, the samples were visually assessed for separation of the (perfume) capsules. When separations were observed, the formulation was rated unstable. If no separations were observed, the sample was rated stable.
Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 zu entnehmen. Dabei bedeutet (+) = stabil und (-) = instabil.The results are shown in Table 2. Where (+) = stable and (-) = unstable.
Die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Proben wurden mit Hilfe eines Rheometers durchgeführt.The rheological properties of the samples were carried out with the aid of a rheometer.
Meßbedingungen: 23°C, Kegel/Platte C60/ 2° Ti, CR log 0,011/s-40,00 1/s, CR log 40,00 1/s-0,011/s.Measurement conditions: 23 ° C, cone / plate C60 / 2 ° Ti, CR log 0.011 / s-40.00 1 / s, CR log 40.00 1 / s-0.011 / s.
Die Ergebnisse sind der
Die untere Kurve zeigt den Vergleichsversuch (bezeichnet als V 1.1) und die obere Kurve zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Rezeptur (bezeichnet als V 3.2).The lower curve shows the comparative experiment (designated as V 1.1) and the upper curve shows the formulation according to the invention (designated as V 3.2).
Die Rheologie-Messung zeigt den Anstieg der benötigten Kraft zu Beginn und den Abfall der Kraft zur Mitte der Messung, wonach wiederum ein Anstieg zum Ende folgt. Dies zeigt, dass die Probe während der Ruhephase eine hohe Viskosität aufweist, die durch Krafteinwirkung (Scherwirkung) schnell sinkt und sich in nachfolgender Ruhephase wieder herstellt.
Claims (15)
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EP12184985.5A EP2711414B1 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2012-09-19 | Stabilisation of capsule systems in detergent and cleaning compositions |
PCT/EP2013/066582 WO2014044461A2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2013-08-07 | Stabilization of capsule systems in laundry detergents and other cleaning products |
BR112015006017-0A BR112015006017B1 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2013-08-07 | STABILIZATION OF CAPSULE SYSTEMS IN WASHING PRODUCTS AND OTHER CLEANING PRODUCTS |
CN201380060199.0A CN104797698B (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2013-08-07 | The stabilization of capsule system in washing and cleaning composition |
US14/429,568 US9631165B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2013-08-07 | Stabilization of capsule systems in laundry detergents and other cleaning products with one or more rheology modifiers |
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EP3184619A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Structured detergent compositions |
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WO2017112384A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Structured detergent compositions |
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CN104797698B (en) | 2019-03-05 |
EP2711414B1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
BR112015006017B1 (en) | 2021-11-23 |
US20150232791A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
US9631165B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
WO2014044461A3 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
CN104797698A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
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WO2014044461A2 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
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