EP2697503A2 - Energy storage arrangement - Google Patents

Energy storage arrangement

Info

Publication number
EP2697503A2
EP2697503A2 EP12727278.9A EP12727278A EP2697503A2 EP 2697503 A2 EP2697503 A2 EP 2697503A2 EP 12727278 A EP12727278 A EP 12727278A EP 2697503 A2 EP2697503 A2 EP 2697503A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lithium
energy storage
energy
elements
energy store
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12727278.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Winkler
Michael Wansner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP2697503A2 publication Critical patent/EP2697503A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • F02N11/0866—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/10—Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
    • H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N2011/0881—Components of the circuit not provided for by previous groups
    • F02N2011/0885—Capacitors, e.g. for additional power supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy storage arrangement comprising a rechargeable energy store, wherein the energy store comprises a plurality of lithium-based storage elements.
  • a first energy storage comprises a lead acid battery in the form of a plurality of lead-based, to be designated as cells, storage elements.
  • a second energy store connected in parallel therewith can be in the form of a capacitor, for example, which generates the high currents required, for example, when starting the motor vehicle. This is particularly advantageous if, due to a low state of charge of the first energy store, the high current levels can not be provided by it alone.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY equally given in vehicles with a 24 volt electrical system or 28 volt electrical system, z. B. in trucks or buses.
  • the present invention is based on the problem of providing an improved energy storage arrangement.
  • an energy storage device of the type mentioned which is characterized in that the energy storage of 3 memory elements based on lithium and 1 memory element based on lithium titanate or 4 memory elements formed based on lithium titanate and 1 memory element based on lithium is or 3 memory elements based on lithium and 2 memory elements based on a nickel metal hydride.
  • the present invention proposes an energy storage device having a plurality of lithium-based storage elements comprising energy storage, which consists of 3 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on lithium titanate or 4 storage elements based on lithium titanate and 1 storage element based on lithium or 3 storage elements Lithium and 2 memory elements formed based on a nickel metal hydride, before.
  • the principle according to the invention based on the first two embodiments is therefore based essentially on the combination of different types of lithium-based storage elements, which are connected to the energy storage device according to the invention associated energy storage.
  • the inventive principle provides alternative embodiments of a corresponding energy storage. It is inventively possible to form the energy storage of 3 memory elements based on lithium and 1 memory element based on lithium titanate or alternatively of 4 memory elements based on lithium titanate and 1 memory element based on lithium.
  • the energy storage is formed of 3 storage elements based on lithium and 2 storage elements based on a nickel metal hydride.
  • the memory elements forming the energy storage are based here only in part, ie in the form of the 3 lithium-based storage elements, on lithium.
  • Nickel metal hydride based storage elements typically comprise a first, particularly negative, electrode of nickel (II) hydroxide and a second, especially positive, electrode of a metal hydride, ie, generally a metal-hydrogen compound.
  • All lithium-based storage elements are preferably based on a lithium-cobalt-manganese-nickel compound and are therefore preferably present as NMC storage elements or NMC cells.
  • the energy storage device according to the invention or the energy storage device according to the invention has, in particular compared to a corresponding lead-based energy storage, a number of advantages. These include, for example, an increased life and improved recuperation, d. H. an improved suitability for use in a recuperation operation of a motor vehicle.
  • a parallel connection of a further, in particular lead-based energy storage, to the energy storage with the inventive principle is not mandatory, so that the above-mentioned disadvantages associated with the use of lead-based energy storage in the energy storage device according to the invention do not occur.
  • the energy storage device thus forms part of a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle, wherein the on-board network comprises at least one generator, in particular for charging the energy storage, and at least one consumer consuming electrical power
  • the energy storage device forming the energy storage device according to the invention serves both the starting of the motor vehicle respectively an associated Drive unit as well as the operation of appropriate connected to the electrical system consumers.
  • the electrical system is in particular a 12V electrical system, wherein the energy storage of 3 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on lithium titanate or 4 storage elements based on lithium titanate and 1 storage element based on lithium or 3 storage elements based on lithium and 2 storage elements is formed based on a nickel metal hydride.
  • the electrical system can also be a 24V electrical system or 28V electrical system.
  • the respective number of memory elements specified above doubles, with the possible combinations of the different types of memory element remaining the same.
  • the energy store is formed from 7 memory elements based on lithium.
  • the energy storage element forming memory elements are preferably connected in series. Series circuits of similar memory elements are widely known. In this way, it is possible to set the voltage of the energy store to almost any desired value as a function of the number of storage elements connected in series. Usually, the nominal voltages associated with the individual memory elements add up so that the energy store is one of the sum of the individual nominal voltage. tions of the respective memory elements corresponding nominal voltage.
  • an electrical switching means in particular a safety switch is connected upstream.
  • the electrical switching means serves, for example, an overvoltage protection and / or undervoltage protection and / or temperature protection.
  • the electrical switching means may be formed approximately in the form of a residual current circuit breaker. It is conceivable that the electrical switching means is switchable via a suitable, connected to this control device.
  • the energy storage arrangement according to the invention can in principle comprise at least one further rechargeable energy store connected in parallel to the energy store.
  • the further energy store may be, for example, a multiple lead-based storage elements comprehensive energy storage in terms of a lead acid battery.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle, comprising at least one energy storage arrangement as described above.
  • the motor vehicle is designed in particular as a hybrid motor vehicle or pure electric motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of the course of the battery voltage U against the
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electrical system 1 of a motor vehicle 2 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the electrical system 1 is an energy storage device 3, a generator 4 and at least one consuming in operation electric power consumer 5, for example in the form of an air conditioner, associated.
  • the consumer 5 is separable via a switch 6 from the electrical system 1.
  • the energy storage device 3 comprises a rechargeable energy storage 7.
  • the energy storage 7 is preceded by an electrical switch 8, so that the electrical connection between the generator 4 and the energy storage device 7 is separable.
  • the switch 8 assumes safety functions such as in particular overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection or temperature protection.
  • the electrical system 1 is designed as a 12V electrical system.
  • the mains voltage of the electrical system 1 is about 12.5 to 15.5 volts.
  • the energy storage device 3 that is the energy storage 7, in a housing.
  • Such a particularly compact, easy to handle and weight-reduced design of the energy storage device 3 is given.
  • the energy store 7 is present as a lithium battery and is formed from three storage elements 9 based on lithium and a storage element 9 connected in series based on lithium titanate (cf., FIG. 2, line 10). Alternatively, it is possible for the energy store 7 to be formed from four storage elements 9 based on lithium titanate and a memory element 9 connected in series based on lithium (cf., FIG. 2, line 11).
  • the energy storage 7 is formed of three storage elements 9 based on lithium and two storage elements 9 based on a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) or a nickel metal hydride compound (see Fig. 2, line 12). All of the lithium-based storage elements 9 of the energy store 7 are preferably based on a lithium-cobalt-manganese-nickel compound and are therefore preferably present as NMC storage elements or NMC cells.
  • NiMH nickel metal hydride
  • NMC nickel metal hydride
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the course of the battery voltage U against the state of charge SOC of three embodiments according to the invention of an energy store 7 (compare FIG. 2, lines 10, 11, 12).
  • the rated voltage of the energy storage device 7 formed of three storage elements 9 based on lithium and a storage element 9 based on lithium titanate (see FIG. 2, line 10) lies within one of the charge state limits of 0 and 100 % lying charge state interval of the energy storage 7 between 20 and 80% in a range between the maximum charging voltage (see Fig. 2, line 13) and the rated voltage (see Fig. 2, line 14) of a purely theoretically registered energy storage on lead.
  • the latter is not part of the electrical system 1 or the energy storage arrangement 3, but merely serves to illustrate the course of the battery voltage U of the energy store 7 in FIG. 2.
  • a similar course of the battery voltage U is also shown by the embodiment according to the invention of an energy store 7, which is formed from four storage elements 9 based on lithium titanate and a storage element 9 based on lithium (cf., FIG. 2, line 11).
  • the nominal voltage of the energy store 7 is between 20 and 80% within a charge state interval of the energy store 7 within the charge state limits of 0 and 100% in a range between the maximum charge voltage (see FIG. 2, line 13) and the nominal voltage (cf. Fig. 2, line 14) of a purely theoretical registered energy storage on lead.
  • a similar course of the battery voltage U shows the embodiment of the invention of an energy storage device 7, which consists of three Memory elements 9 is formed based on lithium and two memory elements 9 based on a nickel metal hydride or a nickel metal hydride compound.
  • the nominal voltage of the energy store 7 is between 20 and 90% within a charge state interval of the energy store 7 within the charge state limits of 0 and 100% in a range between the maximum charge voltage (see FIG. 2, line 13) and the rated voltage (cf. Fig. 2, line 14) of a purely theoretical registered energy storage on lead.
  • an energy storage device 3 may of course also be designed for a 24V vehicle electrical system 1.
  • the respective number of memory elements 9 specified above doubles, with the possible combinations of the different types of memory elements remaining the same.
  • the energy store 7 is formed from seven storage elements 9 based on lithium.
  • the energy storage arrangement 3 can basically comprise at least one further, the energy storage 7 connected in parallel rechargeable energy storage.
  • the further energy store may be, for example, a multiple lead-based storage elements comprehensive energy storage in terms of a lead acid battery.

Abstract

Energy storage arrangement (3), comprising a rechargeable energy store (7), said energy store (7) comprising a plurality of lithium-based storage elements (9). The energy store (7) is composed of three lithium-based storage elements (9) and one lithium titanate-based storage element (9) or four lithium-titanate-based storage elements (9) and one lithium-based storage element (9) or three lithium-based storage elements (9) and two nickel metal hydride-based storage elements (9).

Description

Energiespeicheranordnung  Energy storage device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Energiespeicheranordnung, umfassend einen wie- deraufladbaren Energiespeicher, wobei der Energiespeicher mehrere auf Lithium basierende Speicherelemente umfasst. The invention relates to an energy storage arrangement comprising a rechargeable energy store, wherein the energy store comprises a plurality of lithium-based storage elements.
In modernen Kraftfahrzeugen sind regelmäßig Energiespeicheranordnungen mit mehreren parallel geschalteten wiederaufladbaren Energiespeichern vorgesehen, wobei üblicherweise ein erster Energiespeicher eine Bleibatterie in Form mehrerer auf Blei basierender, auch als Zellen zu bezeichnender, Speicherelemente umfasst. Ein hierzu parallel geschalteter zweiter Energiespeicher kann etwa in Form eines Kondensators vorliegen, welcher die beispielsweise beim Anlassen des Kraftfahrzeugs erforderlichen hohen Ströme erzeugt. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn aufgrund eines geringen Ladezustands des ersten Energiespeichers die hohen Stromstärken allein durch diesen nicht bereitgestellt werden können. In modern motor vehicles energy storage arrangements are regularly provided with a plurality of parallel-connected rechargeable energy stores, wherein usually a first energy storage comprises a lead acid battery in the form of a plurality of lead-based, to be designated as cells, storage elements. A second energy store connected in parallel therewith can be in the form of a capacitor, for example, which generates the high currents required, for example, when starting the motor vehicle. This is particularly advantageous if, due to a low state of charge of the first energy store, the high current levels can not be provided by it alone.
Grundsätzlich problematisch bei auf Blei basierenden Energiespeichern ist der Spannungsabfall, sobald ein Generator bzw. Ladegerät vom Netz genommen bzw. abgeschaltet wird. Der Spannungsabfall kann bei einer üblicherweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug verbauten Bleibatterie von einer Ladespannung von ca. 14 Volt (V) während des Ladevorgangs auf eine Nennspannung von ca. 12 Volt bei Wegnahme des Ladestroms betragen. Gleichermaßen ist es bei auf Blei basierenden Energiespeichern nachteilhaft, dass diese eine vergleichsweise geringe Zyklenfestigkeit aufweisen, das heißt, dass mit diesen nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Anzahl an Ladebzw. Entladezyklen durchführbar ist. Beide Aspekte wirken sich insgesamt negativ auf die Leistungsfähigkeit einer einen auf Blei basierenden Energiespeicher aufweisenden Energiespeicheranordnung aus. Diese Probleme sind Fundamentally problematic in lead-based energy storage is the voltage drop as soon as a generator or charger is taken off the grid or switched off. The voltage drop can be in a normally installed in a motor vehicle lead battery from a charging voltage of about 14 volts (V) during the charging process to a nominal voltage of about 12 volts when removing the charging current. Similarly, it is disadvantageous in lead-based energy storage that they have a relatively low cycle resistance, that is, with these only a relatively small number of Ladebzw. Discharge cycles is feasible. Both aspects have an overall negative effect on the performance of a lead-based energy storage device having energy storage arrangement. These problems are
BESTÄTIGUNGSKOPIE gleichermaßen bei Fahrzeugen mit einem 24 Volt-Bordnetz bzw. 28 Volt- Bordnetz gegeben, z. B. bei LKWs oder Bussen. CONFIRMATION COPY equally given in vehicles with a 24 volt electrical system or 28 volt electrical system, z. B. in trucks or buses.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt insofern das Problem zugrunde, eine verbesserte Energiespeicheranordnung anzugeben. The present invention is based on the problem of providing an improved energy storage arrangement.
Das Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Energiespeicheranordnung der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, welche sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher aus 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder 4 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium gebildet ist oder 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 2 Speicherelementen basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid. The problem is inventively solved by an energy storage device of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that the energy storage of 3 memory elements based on lithium and 1 memory element based on lithium titanate or 4 memory elements formed based on lithium titanate and 1 memory element based on lithium is or 3 memory elements based on lithium and 2 memory elements based on a nickel metal hydride.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schlägt eine Energiespeicheranordnung mit einem mehrere auf Lithium basierende Speicherelemente umfassenden Energiespeicher, welcher aus 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder 4 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium oder 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 2 Speicherelementen basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid gebildet ist, vor. The present invention proposes an energy storage device having a plurality of lithium-based storage elements comprising energy storage, which consists of 3 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on lithium titanate or 4 storage elements based on lithium titanate and 1 storage element based on lithium or 3 storage elements Lithium and 2 memory elements formed based on a nickel metal hydride, before.
Das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip basiert betreffend die ersten beiden Ausführungsformen sonach im Wesentlichen auf der Kombination unterschiedlicher Typen von jeweils auf Lithium basierenden Speicherelementen, welche zu dem der erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeicheranordnung zugehörigen Energiespeicher verschaltet werden. Hierbei sieht das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip alternative Ausführungsformen eines entsprechenden Energiespeichers vor. Es ist erfindungsgemäß möglich, den Energiespeicher aus 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium- Titanat oder alternativ aus 4 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium- Titanat und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium auszubilden. Gemäß der dritten Ausführungsform ist der Energiespeicher aus 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 2 Speicherelementen basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid gebildet. Mithin basieren die den Energiespeicher bildenden Speicherelemente hier nur zum Teil, d. h. in Form der 3 auf Lithium basierenden Speicherelemente, auf Lithium. Die übrigen beiden, den Energiespeicher bildenden Speicherelemente basieren auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid (NiMH) bzw. einer Nickelmetallhydrid-Verbindung. Auf Nickelmetallhydriden basierende Speicherelemente umfassen üblicherweise eine erste, insbesondere negative, Elektrode aus Nickel(ll)-hydroxid und eine zweite, insbesondere positive, Elektrode aus einem Metallhydrid, d. h. im Allgemeinen einer Metall-Wasserstoff-Verbindung. The principle according to the invention based on the first two embodiments is therefore based essentially on the combination of different types of lithium-based storage elements, which are connected to the energy storage device according to the invention associated energy storage. Here, the inventive principle provides alternative embodiments of a corresponding energy storage. It is inventively possible to form the energy storage of 3 memory elements based on lithium and 1 memory element based on lithium titanate or alternatively of 4 memory elements based on lithium titanate and 1 memory element based on lithium. According to the third embodiment, the energy storage is formed of 3 storage elements based on lithium and 2 storage elements based on a nickel metal hydride. Thus, the memory elements forming the energy storage are based here only in part, ie in the form of the 3 lithium-based storage elements, on lithium. The other two, the energy storage forming memory elements based on a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) or a nickel metal hydride compound. Nickel metal hydride based storage elements typically comprise a first, particularly negative, electrode of nickel (II) hydroxide and a second, especially positive, electrode of a metal hydride, ie, generally a metal-hydrogen compound.
Sämtliche auf Lithium basierenden Speicherelemente basieren bevorzugt auf einer Lithium-Cobalt-Mangan-Nickel-Verbindung und liegen sonach bevorzugt als NMC-Speicherelemente bzw. NMC-Zellen vor. All lithium-based storage elements are preferably based on a lithium-cobalt-manganese-nickel compound and are therefore preferably present as NMC storage elements or NMC cells.
Der erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicher respektive die erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicheranordnung weist, insbesondere im Vergleich zu einem entsprechenden auf Blei basierenden Energiespeicher, eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf. Hierzu zählt beispielsweise eine erhöhte Lebensdauer sowie verbesserte Rekuperationseigenschaften, d. h. eine verbesserte Eignung zur Verwendung in einem Rekuperationsbetrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs. The energy storage device according to the invention or the energy storage device according to the invention has, in particular compared to a corresponding lead-based energy storage, a number of advantages. These include, for example, an increased life and improved recuperation, d. H. an improved suitability for use in a recuperation operation of a motor vehicle.
Insbesondere ist eine Parallelschaltung eines weiteren, insbesondere auf Blei basierenden Energiespeichers, zu dem Energiespeicher mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Prinzip nicht zwingend notwendig, so dass die mit der Verwendung von auf Blei basierenden Energiespeichern verbundenen oben genannten Nachteile bei der erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeicheranordnung nicht auftreten. Grundsätzlich ist es jedoch denkbar, wenigstens einen weiteren Energiespeicher zu dem Energiespeicher parallel zu schalten. In particular, a parallel connection of a further, in particular lead-based energy storage, to the energy storage with the inventive principle is not mandatory, so that the above-mentioned disadvantages associated with the use of lead-based energy storage in the energy storage device according to the invention do not occur. In principle, however, it is conceivable to connect at least one further energy store to the energy store in parallel.
Wenngleich sich die nachfolgenden Ausführungen im Wesentlichen auf die Anordnung der Energiespeicheranordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug beziehen, ist es selbstverständlich möglich, die Energiespeicheranordnung auch in anderen Bereichen der Technik einzusetzen. Although the following statements relate essentially to the arrangement of the energy storage arrangement in a motor vehicle, It is of course possible to use the energy storage device in other areas of technology.
Sofern die Energiespeicheranordnung also einen Teil eines Bordnetzes eines Kraftfahrzeugs bildet, wobei das Bordnetz wenigstens einen Generator, insbesondere zum Laden des Energiespeichers, und wenigstens einen elektrischen Strom verbrauchenden Verbraucher umfasst, dient der die erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicheranordnung bildende Energiespeicher sowohl dem Anlassen des Kraftfahrzeugs respektive einem diesen zugehörigen Antriebsaggregat als auch dem Betrieb entsprechender an das Bordnetz angeschlossener Verbraucher. If the energy storage device thus forms part of a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle, wherein the on-board network comprises at least one generator, in particular for charging the energy storage, and at least one consumer consuming electrical power, the energy storage device forming the energy storage device according to the invention serves both the starting of the motor vehicle respectively an associated Drive unit as well as the operation of appropriate connected to the electrical system consumers.
Das Bordnetz ist insbesondere ein 12V-Bordnetz, wobei der Energiespeicher aus 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder 4 Speicherelemente basierend auf Lithium- Titanat und 1 Speicherelement basierend auf Lithium oder aus 3 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium und 2 Speicherelementen basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid gebildet ist. The electrical system is in particular a 12V electrical system, wherein the energy storage of 3 storage elements based on lithium and 1 storage element based on lithium titanate or 4 storage elements based on lithium titanate and 1 storage element based on lithium or 3 storage elements based on lithium and 2 storage elements is formed based on a nickel metal hydride.
Alternativ kann das Bordnetz auch ein 24V-Bordnetz bzw. 28V-Bordnetz sein. Bei einem 24V-Bordnetz bzw. 28V-Bordnetz verdoppelt sich die jeweilige Anzahl der oben angegebenen Speicherelemente, wobei die Kombinationsmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen Speicherelementtypen gleich bleiben. Insbesondere ist es bei einem 24V-Bordnetz auch denkbar, dass der Energiespeicher aus 7 Speicherelementen basierend auf Lithium gebildet ist. Alternatively, the electrical system can also be a 24V electrical system or 28V electrical system. In the case of a 24V vehicle electrical system or a 28V vehicle electrical system, the respective number of memory elements specified above doubles, with the possible combinations of the different types of memory element remaining the same. In particular, it is also conceivable in the case of a 24V vehicle electrical system that the energy store is formed from 7 memory elements based on lithium.
Die den Energiespeicher bildenden Speicherelemente sind bevorzugt in Serie geschaltet. Serienschaltungen gleichartiger Speicherelemente sind weitestgehend bekannt. Derart ist es möglich, die Spannung des Energiespeichers in Abhängigkeit der Anzahl an in Serie geschalteten Speicherelementen auf nahezu beliebig hohe Werte einzustellen. Üblicherweise addieren sich die den einzelnen Speicherelementen zugehörigen Nennspannungen auf, sodass der Energiespeicher eine der Summe der einzelnen Nennspan- nungen der jeweiligen Speicherelemente entsprechende Nennspannung aufweist. The energy storage element forming memory elements are preferably connected in series. Series circuits of similar memory elements are widely known. In this way, it is possible to set the voltage of the energy store to almost any desired value as a function of the number of storage elements connected in series. Usually, the nominal voltages associated with the individual memory elements add up so that the energy store is one of the sum of the individual nominal voltage. tions of the respective memory elements corresponding nominal voltage.
Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn dem Energiespeicher ein elektrisches Schaltmittel, insbesondere ein Sicherheitsschalter, vorgeschaltet ist. Das elektrische Schaltmittel dient beispielsweise einem Überspannungsschutz und/oder Unterspannungsschutz und/oder Temperaturschutz. Das elektrische Schaltmittel kann etwa in Form eines Fehlerstromschutzschalters ausgebildet sein. Es ist denkbar, dass das elektrische Schaltmittel über eine geeignete, mit diesem verbundene Steuereinrichtung schaltbar ist. It is useful if the energy storage, an electrical switching means, in particular a safety switch is connected upstream. The electrical switching means serves, for example, an overvoltage protection and / or undervoltage protection and / or temperature protection. The electrical switching means may be formed approximately in the form of a residual current circuit breaker. It is conceivable that the electrical switching means is switchable via a suitable, connected to this control device.
Wie erwähnt, kann die erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicheranordnung grundsätzlich wenigstens einen weiteren, dem Energiespeicher parallel geschalteten wiederaufladbaren Energiespeicher umfassen. Der weitere Energiespeicher kann beispielsweise ein mehrere auf Blei basierende Speicherelemente umfassender Energiespeicher im Sinne einer Bleibatterie sein. As mentioned, the energy storage arrangement according to the invention can in principle comprise at least one further rechargeable energy store connected in parallel to the energy store. The further energy store may be, for example, a multiple lead-based storage elements comprehensive energy storage in terms of a lead acid battery.
Daneben betrifft die Erfindung ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend wenigstens eine Energiespeicheranordnung wie vorstehend beschrieben. Das Kraftfahrzeug ist insbesondere als Hybrid-Kraftfahrzeug oder reines Elektrokraftfahrzeug ausgebildet. In addition, the invention relates to a motor vehicle, comprising at least one energy storage arrangement as described above. The motor vehicle is designed in particular as a hybrid motor vehicle or pure electric motor vehicle.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigt: Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and with reference to the drawings. Showing:
Fig. 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Bordnetzes eines Kraftfahrzeugs gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 2 ein Diagramm zum Verlauf der Batteriespannung U gegen den Fig. 2 is a diagram of the course of the battery voltage U against the
Ladezustand SOC zweier erfindungsgemäßer Ausführungsformen eines Energiespeichers. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Bordnetzes 1 eines Kraftfahrzeugs 2 gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Dem Bordnetz 1 ist eine Energiespeicheranordnung 3, ein Generator 4 und wenigstens ein im Betrieb elektrischen Strom verbrauchender Verbraucher 5, beispielsweise in Form einer Klimaanlage, zugehörig. Der Verbraucher 5 ist über einen Schalter 6 vom Bordnetz 1 trennbar. State of charge SOC of two embodiments of an energy store according to the invention. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electrical system 1 of a motor vehicle 2 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The electrical system 1 is an energy storage device 3, a generator 4 and at least one consuming in operation electric power consumer 5, for example in the form of an air conditioner, associated. The consumer 5 is separable via a switch 6 from the electrical system 1.
Die Energiespeicheranordnung 3 umfasst einen wiederaufladbaren Energiespeicher 7. Dem Energiespeicher 7 ist ein elektrischer Schalter 8 vorgeschaltet, so dass die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Generator 4 und dem Energiespeichers 7 trennbar ist. Der Schalter 8 übernimmt Sicherheitsfunktionen wie insbesondere Überspannungsschutz, Unterspannungsschutz bzw. Temperaturschutz. Das Bordnetz 1 ist als 12V-Bordnetz ausgebildet. Die Netzspannung des Bordnetzes 1 beträgt ca. 12,5 bis 15,5 Volt. The energy storage device 3 comprises a rechargeable energy storage 7. The energy storage 7 is preceded by an electrical switch 8, so that the electrical connection between the generator 4 and the energy storage device 7 is separable. The switch 8 assumes safety functions such as in particular overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection or temperature protection. The electrical system 1 is designed as a 12V electrical system. The mains voltage of the electrical system 1 is about 12.5 to 15.5 volts.
Wie durch den gestrichelten Kasten 14 angedeutet, ist es möglich, die Energiespeicheranordnung 3, das heißt den Energiespeicher 7, in einem Gehäuse anzuordnen. Derart ist eine besonders kompakte, gut handhabbare sowie gewichtsreduzierte Ausführung der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 gegeben. As indicated by the dashed box 14, it is possible to arrange the energy storage device 3, that is the energy storage 7, in a housing. Such a particularly compact, easy to handle and weight-reduced design of the energy storage device 3 is given.
Der Energiespeicher 7 liegt als Lithium-Batterie vor und ist aus drei Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium und einem dazu in Serie geschalteten Speicherelement 9 basierend auf Lithium-Titanat (vgl. Fig. 2, Linie 10) gebildet. Alternativ ist es möglich, dass der Energiespeicher 7 aus vier Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und einem dazu in Serie geschalteten Speicherelement 9 basierend auf Lithium gebildet ist (vgl. Fig. 2, Linie 11). The energy store 7 is present as a lithium battery and is formed from three storage elements 9 based on lithium and a storage element 9 connected in series based on lithium titanate (cf., FIG. 2, line 10). Alternatively, it is possible for the energy store 7 to be formed from four storage elements 9 based on lithium titanate and a memory element 9 connected in series based on lithium (cf., FIG. 2, line 11).
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, den Energiespeicher 7 nicht als reine Lithium- Batterie, sondern als Lithium-Mischbatterie auszubilden. In dieser Ausführungsform ist der Energiespeicher 7 aus drei Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium und zwei Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid (NiMH) bzw. einer Nickelmetallhydrid-Verbindung ausgebildet (vgl. Fig. 2, Linie 12). Sämtliche auf Lithium basierenden Speicherelemente 9 des Energiespeichers 7 basieren bevorzugt auf einer Lithium-Cobalt-Mangan-Nickel- Verbindung und liegen sonach bevorzugt als NMC-Speicherelemente bzw. NMC-Zellen vor. Alternatively, it is also possible to form the energy storage 7 not as a pure lithium battery, but as a lithium mixer tap. In this embodiment, the energy storage device 7 is formed of three storage elements 9 based on lithium and two storage elements 9 based on a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) or a nickel metal hydride compound (see Fig. 2, line 12). All of the lithium-based storage elements 9 of the energy store 7 are preferably based on a lithium-cobalt-manganese-nickel compound and are therefore preferably present as NMC storage elements or NMC cells.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein Diagramm zum Verlauf der Batteriespannung U gegen den Ladezustand SOC dreier erfindungsgemäßer Ausführungsformen eines Energiespeichers 7 (vgl. Fig. 2, Linien 10, 11 , 12). Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, liegt die Nennspannung des aus drei Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium und einem Speicherelement 9 basierend auf Lithium-Titanat gebildeten Energiespeichers 7 (vgl. Fig. 2, Linie 10) in einem innerhalb der Ladezustandsgrenzen von 0 und 100 % liegenden Ladezustandsintervall des Energiespeichers 7 zwischen 20 und 80 % in einem Bereich zwischen der maximalen Ladespannung (vgl. Fig. 2, Gerade 13) und der Nennspannung (vgl. Fig. 2, Gerade 14) eines rein theoretisch eingetragenen Energiespeichers auf Bleibasis. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, ist letzterer jedoch nicht Teil des Bordnetzes 1 respektive der Energiespeicheranordnung 3, sondern dient allein der Veranschaulichung des Verlaufs der Batteriespannung U des Energiespeichers 7 in Fig. 2. 2 shows a diagram of the course of the battery voltage U against the state of charge SOC of three embodiments according to the invention of an energy store 7 (compare FIG. 2, lines 10, 11, 12). 2, the rated voltage of the energy storage device 7 formed of three storage elements 9 based on lithium and a storage element 9 based on lithium titanate (see FIG. 2, line 10) lies within one of the charge state limits of 0 and 100 % lying charge state interval of the energy storage 7 between 20 and 80% in a range between the maximum charging voltage (see Fig. 2, line 13) and the rated voltage (see Fig. 2, line 14) of a purely theoretically registered energy storage on lead. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the latter, however, is not part of the electrical system 1 or the energy storage arrangement 3, but merely serves to illustrate the course of the battery voltage U of the energy store 7 in FIG. 2.
Einen ähnlichen Verlauf der Batteriespannung U zeigt auch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform eines Energiespeichers 7, welcher aus vier Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und einem Speicherelement 9 basierend auf Lithium gebildet ist (vgl. Fig. 2, Linie 11). Entsprechend liegt die Nennspannung des Energiespeichers 7 in einem innerhalb der Ladezustandsgrenzen von 0 und 100 % liegenden Ladezustandsintervall des Energiespeichers 7 zwischen 20 und 80 % in einem Bereich zwischen der maximalen Ladespannung (vgl. Fig. 2, Gerade 13) und der Nennspannung (vgl. Fig. 2, Gerade 14) eines rein theoretisch eingetragenen Energiespeichers auf Bleibasis. A similar course of the battery voltage U is also shown by the embodiment according to the invention of an energy store 7, which is formed from four storage elements 9 based on lithium titanate and a storage element 9 based on lithium (cf., FIG. 2, line 11). Accordingly, the nominal voltage of the energy store 7 is between 20 and 80% within a charge state interval of the energy store 7 within the charge state limits of 0 and 100% in a range between the maximum charge voltage (see FIG. 2, line 13) and the nominal voltage (cf. Fig. 2, line 14) of a purely theoretical registered energy storage on lead.
Ebenso einen ähnlichen Verlauf der Batteriespannung U zeigt auch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform eines Energiespeichers 7, welcher aus drei Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium und zwei Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid bzw. einer Nickelmetallhydrid- Verbindung gebildet ist. Die Nennspannung des Energiespeichers 7 liegt in einem innerhalb der Ladezustandsgrenzen von 0 und 100 % liegenden Ladezustandsintervall des Energiespeichers 7 zwischen 20 und ca. 90 % in einem Bereich zwischen der maximalen Ladespannung (vgl. Fig. 2, Gerade 13) und der Nennspannung (vgl. Fig. 2, Gerade 14) eines rein theoretisch eingetragenen Energiespeichers auf Bleibasis. Similarly, a similar course of the battery voltage U shows the embodiment of the invention of an energy storage device 7, which consists of three Memory elements 9 is formed based on lithium and two memory elements 9 based on a nickel metal hydride or a nickel metal hydride compound. The nominal voltage of the energy store 7 is between 20 and 90% within a charge state interval of the energy store 7 within the charge state limits of 0 and 100% in a range between the maximum charge voltage (see FIG. 2, line 13) and the rated voltage (cf. Fig. 2, line 14) of a purely theoretical registered energy storage on lead.
Alternativ zu den genannten Ausführungsformen der Energiespeicheranordnung 3 respektive des Energiespeichers 7 für die Verwendung in einem 12V- Bordnetz 1 kann eine erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicheranordnung 3 selbstverständlich auch für ein 24V-Bordnetz 1 ausgelegt sein. In diesem Fall verdoppelt sich die jeweilige Anzahl der oben angegebenen Speicherelemente 9, wobei die Kombinationsmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen Speicherelementtypen gleich bleiben. Insbesondere ist es bei einem 24V-Bordnetz 1 auch denkbar, dass der Energiespeicher 7 aus sieben Speicherelementen 9 basierend auf Lithium gebildet ist. As an alternative to the aforementioned embodiments of the energy storage device 3 and the energy storage device 7 for use in a 12V vehicle electrical system 1, an energy storage device 3 according to the invention may of course also be designed for a 24V vehicle electrical system 1. In this case, the respective number of memory elements 9 specified above doubles, with the possible combinations of the different types of memory elements remaining the same. In particular, it is also conceivable for a 24V vehicle electrical system 1 that the energy store 7 is formed from seven storage elements 9 based on lithium.
Für alle genannten Ausführungsformen gilt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Energiespeicheranordnung 3 grundsätzlich wenigstens einen weiteren, dem Energiespeicher 7 parallel geschalteten wiederaufladbaren Energiespeicher umfassen kann. Der weitere Energiespeicher kann beispielsweise ein mehrere auf Blei basierende Speicherelemente umfassender Energiespeicher im Sinne einer Bleibatterie sein. For all the aforementioned embodiments, the energy storage arrangement 3 according to the invention can basically comprise at least one further, the energy storage 7 connected in parallel rechargeable energy storage. The further energy store may be, for example, a multiple lead-based storage elements comprehensive energy storage in terms of a lead acid battery.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1. Energiespeicheranordnung (3), umfassend einen wiederaufladbaren Energiespeicher (7), wobei der Energiespeicher (7) mehrere auf Lithium basierende Speicherelemente (9) umfasst, 1. Energy storage arrangement (3), comprising a rechargeable energy store (7), wherein the energy store (7) comprises a plurality of lithium-based storage elements (9),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der Energiespeicher (7) aus 3 Speicherelementen (9) basierend auf Lithium und 1 Speicherelement (9) basierend auf Lithium-Titanat oder 4 Speicherelementen (9) basierend auf Lithium-Titanat und 1 Speicherelement (9) basierend auf Lithium oder 3 Speicherelementen (9) basierend auf Lithium und 2 Speicherelementen (9) basierend auf einem Nickelmetallhydrid gebildet ist.  in that the energy store (7) consists of 3 storage elements (9) based on lithium and 1 storage element (9) based on lithium titanate or 4 storage elements (9) based on lithium titanate and 1 storage element (9) based on lithium or 3 storage elements ( 9) based on lithium and 2 memory elements (9) based on a nickel metal hydride is formed.
2. Energiespeicheranordnung nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Energy storage arrangement according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die den Energiespeicher (7) bildenden Speicherelemente (9) in Serie geschaltet sind.  the storage elements (9) forming the energy store (7) are connected in series.
3. Energiespeicheranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Energy storage arrangement according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass dem Energiespeicher (7) ein elektrisches Schaltmittel (8), insbesondere ein Sicherheitsschalter, vorgeschaltet ist.  in that the energy store (7) is preceded by an electrical switching means (8), in particular a safety switch.
4. Energiespeicheranordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 4. Energy storage arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass sie einen Teil eines Bordnetzes (1) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (2) bildet, wobei das Bordnetz (1) wenigstens einen Generator (4), insbesondere zum Laden des Energiespeichers (7), und wenigstens einen elektrischen Strom verbrauchenden Verbraucher (5) umfasst.  that it forms part of a vehicle electrical system (1) of a motor vehicle (2), the vehicle electrical system (1) comprising at least one generator (4), in particular for charging the energy store (7), and at least one consumer consuming electrical power (5).
5. Kraftfahrzeug (2), umfassend wenigstens eine Energiespeicheranordnung (3) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche. 5. Motor vehicle (2), comprising at least one energy storage device (3) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP12727278.9A 2011-04-12 2012-03-30 Energy storage arrangement Withdrawn EP2697503A2 (en)

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DE102011112131A DE102011112131B4 (en) 2011-04-12 2011-09-01 Energy storage arrangement and motor vehicle with energy storage device
PCT/EP2012/001417 WO2012139713A2 (en) 2011-04-12 2012-03-30 Energy storage arrangement

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US20140300181A1 (en) 2014-10-09
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DE102011112131B4 (en) 2013-11-21
US9431180B2 (en) 2016-08-30
WO2012139713A2 (en) 2012-10-18
EP2697502A2 (en) 2014-02-19
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DE102011108231A1 (en) 2012-10-18
CN103608579B (en) 2016-05-11
WO2012139675A2 (en) 2012-10-18
DE102011112131A1 (en) 2012-10-18
WO2012139675A3 (en) 2013-01-03
US9754732B2 (en) 2017-09-05

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