EP2696999B1 - Cleaning device - Google Patents

Cleaning device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2696999B1
EP2696999B1 EP12715656.0A EP12715656A EP2696999B1 EP 2696999 B1 EP2696999 B1 EP 2696999B1 EP 12715656 A EP12715656 A EP 12715656A EP 2696999 B1 EP2696999 B1 EP 2696999B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cleaning device
contaminating particles
ionizing means
flow channel
designed
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2696999A1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Lorenscheit
Ingo Schulz
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SKF AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B6/00Cleaning by electrostatic means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41Ionising-electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68Control systems therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/24Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for measuring or calculating of parameters, e.g. efficiency

Definitions

  • a high voltage DC plasma may be used for cleaning when an electrostatic or electrodynamic field is generated between 2 electrodes between which the gas or medium to be cleaned flows.
  • contaminants in the medium or impurity-forming particles or molecules in the field may be ionized.
  • This so-called field ionization leaves a positively charged body of the particle or contaminant, which is directed under the influence of the ionization-inducing field and removed along the field lines from the region of ionization, or along the field lines from the place of ionization to one Cathode drifts.
  • the voltage between the electrodes and thus the resulting field strength is suitably chosen, so that approximately all particles or all contaminating particles are ionized, one can speak of a plasma in which all contaminating particles are ionized.
  • Some embodiments of the invention use, in addition to an ionization device, which can generate an electric field by means of two opposite electrodes on different sides of a flow channel, additionally an impurity sensor, which detects the degree of contamination of the medium to be cleaned.
  • a control device is also coupled to the contamination sensor, which can change an operating mode of the ionization device depending on a determined characteristic of the contaminating particles, for example the concentration or the particle size of the impurities.
  • the field strength of the ionization device can be adapted dynamically to the circumstances or to time-varying requirements.
  • sensors used to detect contaminants in the medium to be cleaned are IR sensors, laser particle sensors (air particle counter) or ultrasonic sensors.
  • IR sensors IR sensors
  • laser particle sensors air particle counter
  • ultrasonic sensors functioning according to other principles sensors can be used.
  • any sensor or device by means of which an impurity in a medium or a substance differing from a medium within the medium can be recognized as an impurity sensor.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a cleaning device for removing contaminating particles 4 from a medium or from a gas or gas mixture.
  • the gas or the contaminated medium flows along a flow channel in a flow direction 6, so that the gas or medium flowing in a flow direction 6 along the flow channel can be removed by means of the cleaning device.
  • This is not to be understood as meaning that in fact a volume flow in the flow direction has to take place in order to be able to clean a medium or to ensure the desired functionality.
  • the direction of flow 6 indicates that direction with respect to which the contaminating particles can be removed when they enter the cleaning device from the direction of flow 6. This need not necessarily be the case through a directed volumetric flow of the medium in the flow direction 6, but may also be the case, for example, for reasons of diffusion.
  • the direction of flow 6 indicates that direction in which a cleaning action takes place, so that in the flow direction 6 downstream of the cleaning device, the concentration of the contaminating particles 4 after passing through the cleaning device is lower than before the passage through the cleaning device.
  • the cleaning device comprises at least one ionization device 8, which has a pair of electrodes which oppose each other on different sides of the flow channel.
  • a pair of electrodes which oppose each other on different sides of the flow channel.
  • FIG. 1 For example, as one of the possible embodiments of the pair of electrodes, an anode 10 having a plurality of tips and a planar cathode 12 are shown.
  • the specific shape of the electrodes which the shape of the generated electric field, which may be adapted to other geometric conditions and other conditions.
  • the arrangement of cathode and anode can be reversed, ie, an application of voltage to the electrodes may be opposite to that in FIG FIG.
  • the cleaning device furthermore has a control device 20 which is coupled both to the ionization device 8 and to the contamination sensor 16 is.
  • the control device 20 is designed to vary an operating mode of the ionization device 8 as a function of the characteristic of the contaminating particles 4 determined by the contamination sensor 16. This can be done, for example, by varying the height of the voltage applied to the electrodes 10 and 12.
  • a simple further possibility of the regulation is to switch off the concentration of the contaminating particles 4, the ionization device 8, or to ensure that the ionization device 8 no longer generates an electric field when it falls below a predetermined maximum value.
  • the ionization device 20 may also be optionally coupled to the power supply 14, for example in an alternative embodiment.
  • a power consumption in the cleaning by means of a plasma or by means of an ionizing electric field is reduced. Furthermore, a reduction of the ozone emission can be achieved, as well as a reduction of the wear of the electrodes.
  • a characteristic of the contaminating particles in the medium is determined.
  • an operation mode of the ionization device is varied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung befassen sich mit einer Reinigungsvorrichtung zum Entfernen von verunreinigenden Partikeln aus einem Medium, insbesondere unter Verwendung eines elektrischen Feldes.Embodiments of the present invention are concerned with a cleaning device for removing contaminating particles from a medium, in particular using an electric field.

Zur Reinigung von Medien oder Gasen, wie beispielsweise Luft, existieren eine große Anzahl von Verfahren. Abseits von herkömmlichen Methoden, wie beispielsweise der Verwendung eines Filters, können Medien, wie beispielsweise strömende Gase oder dergleichen, auch mittels Plasmen, also mittels vollständig oder großteils ionisierten Gasen oder, allgemein gesprochen, durch Ionisation gereinigt werden. Zusätzlich zu der Möglichkeit, Medien bzw. strömende Gase mittels Hochstromplasmen zu reinigen, also dadurch, dass das zu reinigende Medium einer großen Menge vollständig ionisierten Gases ausgesetzt wird, besteht auch die Möglichkeit, so genannte Hochspannungs- Gleichstrom- Plasmen zu verwenden bzw. zu erzeugen, bei denen eine geringere elektrische Leistung zur Erzeugung des Plasmas erforderlich sein kann. Diese können unter Anderem in Abscheidern, Dichtungen, Filtern, Reinigern, Schabern, Signalübertragern oder weiteren maschinenbaulichen Erzeugnissen eingesetzt werden.For cleaning media or gases, such as air, there are a large number of methods. Apart from conventional methods, such as the use of a filter, media such as flowing gases or the like, by means of plasmas, ie by means of fully or largely ionized gases or, generally speaking, be purified by ionization. In addition to the ability to purify media or flowing gases by means of high-current plasmas, so that the medium to be cleaned is exposed to a large amount of fully ionized gas, it is also possible to use or produce so-called high-voltage DC plasmas in which a lower electrical power may be required to produce the plasma. These can be used, among other things, in separators, seals, filters, cleaners, scrapers, signal transducers or other mechanical engineering products.

Ein Hochspannungs- Gleichstrom- Plasma kann zur Reinigung dann verwendet werden, wenn ein elektrostatisches oder elektrodynamisches Feld zwischen 2 Elektroden erzeugt wird, zwischen denen das zu reinigende Gas bzw. Medium strömt. Bei ausreichend hoher Feldstärke können Verunreinigungen in dem Medium bzw. die Verunreinigungen bildenden Partikel oder Moleküle in dem Feld ionisiert werden. Durch diese so genannte Feldionisation verbleibt ein positiv geladener Rumpf des Partikels bzw. der Verunreinigung, der unter dem Einfluss des die Ionisation hervorrufenden Feldes gerichtet und entlang der Feldlinien aus dem Bereich der Ionisation entfernt wird, bzw. entlang der Feldlinien vom Ort der Ionisation zu einer Kathode driftet. Ist die Spannung zwischen den Elektroden und damit die resultierende Feldstärke passend gewählt, sodass näherungsweise alle Partikel bzw. alle verunreinigenden Partikel ionisiert werden, kann von einem Plasma gesprochen werden, in dem sämtliche verunreinigenden Partikel ionisiert sind.A high voltage DC plasma may be used for cleaning when an electrostatic or electrodynamic field is generated between 2 electrodes between which the gas or medium to be cleaned flows. At a sufficiently high field strength, contaminants in the medium or impurity-forming particles or molecules in the field may be ionized. This so-called field ionization leaves a positively charged body of the particle or contaminant, which is directed under the influence of the ionization-inducing field and removed along the field lines from the region of ionization, or along the field lines from the place of ionization to one Cathode drifts. If the voltage between the electrodes and thus the resulting field strength is suitably chosen, so that approximately all particles or all contaminating particles are ionized, one can speak of a plasma in which all contaminating particles are ionized.

Die Reinigung mit einem Plasma erfordert es allgemein, hohe Felder bzw. die zur Erzeugung eines hohen Feldes erforderlichen hohen Spannungen permanent aufrecht zu erhalten, was äußerst Energieaufwändig ist. Dokument DE 296 15 980 U1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen Abscheiden von VerunreinigungenThe cleaning with a plasma generally requires to maintain high fields or the high voltages required to generate a high field permanently, which is extremely energy-consuming. document DE 296 15 980 U1 discloses an apparatus for electrostatic precipitation of contaminants

Dokument DE 100 45369 A1 offenbart eine Verfahren, beiden ein Gasstrom, der Staubteilchen enthält, über Sprühelektroden und Abscheideelektroden geleitet wird.document DE 100 45369 A1 discloses a method in which a gas stream containing dust particles is passed over spray electrodes and deposition electrodes.

Es besteht somit die Notwendigkeit, eine Reinigungsvorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die effizienter betrieben werden kann.There is thus a need to provide a cleaning device that can be operated more efficiently.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung verwenden neben einer Ionisierungseinrichtung, die mittels zweier sich auf unterschiedlichen Seiten eines Strömungskanals gegenüberliegenden Elektroden ein elektrisches Feld erzeugen kann, zusätzlich einen Verunreinigungssensor, der den Grad der Verunreinigung des zu reinigenden Mediums feststellt. Mit dem Verunreinigungssensor ist ferner eine Kontrolleinrichtung gekoppelt, die abhängig von einer ermittelten Charakteristik der verunreinigenden Partikel, beispielsweise der Konzentration oder der Partikelgröße der Verunreinigungen, einen Betriebsmodus der Ionisierungseinrichtung verändern kann. Mit anderen Worten kann bei einigen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung die Feldstärke der Ionisierungseinrichtung dynamisch an die Gegebenheiten bzw. an zeitlich schwankende Anforderungen angepasst werden.Some embodiments of the invention use, in addition to an ionization device, which can generate an electric field by means of two opposite electrodes on different sides of a flow channel, additionally an impurity sensor, which detects the degree of contamination of the medium to be cleaned. A control device is also coupled to the contamination sensor, which can change an operating mode of the ionization device depending on a determined characteristic of the contaminating particles, for example the concentration or the particle size of the impurities. In other words, in some embodiments of the invention, the field strength of the ionization device can be adapted dynamically to the circumstances or to time-varying requirements.

Wird beispielsweise von dem Verunreinigungssensor detektiert, dass aktuell keine verunreinigenden Partikel in einem Strom von Luft bzw. einem anderen Medium enthalten sind, kann die Feldstärke reduziert werden, bzw. es kann eine Spannung an den Elektroden der Ionisierungseinrichtung reduziert werden. Bei einigen Ausführungsbeispielen kann diese Reduzierung optional bis zum Abschalten einer Spannungsversorgung vorgenommen werden, d.h. die Kontrolleinrichtung kann in Form einer binären Steuerung arbeiten und die Spannungsversorgung wahlweise ein- oder ausschalten.If, for example, it is detected by the contamination sensor that currently no contaminating particles are contained in a stream of air or another medium, the field strength can be reduced or a voltage at the electrodes of the ionization device can be reduced. In some embodiments, this reduction may optionally be done until a power supply is turned off, i. the control device can operate in the form of a binary control and optionally switch the power supply on or off.

Dieses Vorgehen kann eine erhebliche Menge Energie zur Aufrechterhaltung des elektrischen Feldes sparen, wobei gleichzeitig eine kontinuierlich hohe Reinigungswirkung sichergestellt ist.This procedure can save a considerable amount of energy to maintain the electric field, while ensuring a continuously high cleaning effect.

Spannungen, mit denen die Elektroden einiger Ausführungsbeispiele von Ionisierungseinrichtungen beaufschlagt werden, um eine Reinigungswirkung zu erzielen, können zwischen 1kV und 100kV, bevorzugt zwischen 3kV und 20kV, liegen.Voltages with which the electrodes of some embodiments are subjected to ionization devices in order to achieve a cleaning effect can be between 1 kV and 100 kV, preferably between 3 kV and 20 kV.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung weisen eine Kaskade von Ionisierungseinrichtungen auf, die in der Strömungsrichtung des zu reinigenden Mediums hintereinander angeordnet sind. So kann beispielsweise ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eine zweite Ionisierungseinrichtung aufweisen, welche wiederum über zwei einander gegenüberliegende Elektroden verfügt. Bei einigen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung wird lediglich ein nachgelagertes Element der Kaskade, also beispielsweise die zweite Ionisierungseinrichtung, mittels der Kontrolleinrichtung beeinflusst bzw. an- und ausgeschaltet. So kann der Energieverbrauch prinzipiell auf bis zur Hälfte reduziert werden, wobei eine zuverlässige Reinigungswirkung zu jedem Zeitpunkt gegeben ist.Some embodiments of the invention comprise a cascade of ionization devices arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the medium to be cleaned. For example, another embodiment may include a second ionization device which in turn has two opposing electrodes. In some embodiments of the invention, only one downstream element of the cascade, ie, for example, the second ionization device, is influenced or switched on and off by means of the control device. Thus, the energy consumption can be reduced in principle to half, with a reliable cleaning effect is given at any time.

Bei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen ist sowohl vor als auch nach der ersten Ionisierungseinrichtung einer Kaskade bzw. einer einzelnen Ionisierungseinrichtung ein Verunreinigungssensor angeordnet. Somit kann sowohl die Reinigungsleistung der Ionisierungseinrichtung variiert werden, bis eine vollständige Reinigung erzielt ist, als auch unschädlich die maximale Energieeinsparung erzielt werden, wenn in dem Medium für einen gewissen Zeitraum a priori keine verunreinigenden Partikel enthalten sind.In further exemplary embodiments, an impurity sensor is arranged both before and after the first ionization device of a cascade or a single ionization device. Thus, both the cleaning performance of Ionization be varied until a complete cleaning is achieved, as well as harmless the maximum energy saving can be achieved if in the medium for a certain period a priori no contaminating particles are included.

Bei einigen Ausführungsbeispielen wird die Konzentration der verunreinigenden Partikel zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Ionisierungseinrichtung bestimmt, um zuverlässig entscheiden zu können, ob die stromabwärts gelegene zweite Ionisierungseinrichtung abgeschaltet oder mit reduzierter Leistung betrieben werden kann.In some embodiments, the concentration of contaminant particles between the first and second ionizers is determined to reliably determine whether the downstream second ionizer can be shut down or operated at reduced power.

Bei einigen Ausführungsbeispielen wird nur die zweite Ionisierungseinrichtung, die stromabwärts von der ersten Ionisierungseinrichtung gelegen ist, mittels der Kontrolleinrichtung beeinflusst, so dass beispielsweise bei Unterschreiten eines vorbestimmten Maximalwerts von tolerierbaren Verunreinigungen die zweite Ionisierungseinrichtung abgeschaltet wird.In some embodiments, only the second ionization device located downstream of the first ionization device is influenced by the controller, such that, for example, if a predetermined maximum value of tolerable contaminants is not reached, the second ionization device is turned off.

Bei einigen Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden als Sensoren zu der Detektion von Verunreinigungen in dem zu reinigenden Medium IR-Sensoren, Laserpartikelsensoren (Luftpartikelzähler) oder Ultraschallsensoren verwendet. Selbstverständlich können bei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen auch nach anderen Prinzipien funktionierende Sensoren verwendet werden. Als Verunreinigungssensor soll insoweit jeder Sensor oder jede Vorrichtung verstanden werden, mittels derer eine Verunreinigung in einem Medium bzw. ein von einem Medium abweichender Stoff innerhalb des Mediums erkannt werden kann.In some embodiments of the present invention, sensors used to detect contaminants in the medium to be cleaned are IR sensors, laser particle sensors (air particle counter) or ultrasonic sensors. Of course, in other embodiments, functioning according to other principles sensors can be used. In this respect, any sensor or device by means of which an impurity in a medium or a substance differing from a medium within the medium can be recognized as an impurity sensor.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgen, bezugnehmend auf die beigefügten Figuren, näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Reinigungsvorrichtung;
  • Figur 2 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Reinigungsvorrichtung mit kaskadierten Ionisierungseinrichtungen; und
  • Figur 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Reinigungsvorrichtung.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below, with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a cleaning device;
  • FIG. 2 a further embodiment of a cleaning device with cascaded ionization devices; and
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment of a method for operating a cleaning device.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Reinigungsvorrichtung zum Entfernen von verunreinigenden Partikeln 4 aus einem Medium oder aus einem Gas bzw. Gasgemisch. Das Gas bzw. das verunreinigte Medium strömt entlang eines Strömungskanals in einer Flussrichtung 6, so dass mittels der Reinigungsvorrichtung das in einer Flussrichtung 6 entlang des Strömungskanals strömende Gas bzw. Medium entfernt werden kann. Dies ist nicht allein so zu verstehen, dass tatsächlich ein Volumenstrom in der Flussrichtung erfolgen muss, um ein Medium reinigen zu können bzw. um die gewünschte Funktionalität zu gewährleisten. Die Flussrichtung 6 gibt vielmehr diejenige Richtung an, bezüglich derer die verunreinigenden Partikel entfernt werden können, wenn sie aus der Flussrichtung 6 in die Reinigungsvorrichtung geraten. Dies muss nicht notwendigerweise durch einen gerichteten Volumenstrom des Mediums in der Flussrichtung 6 der Fall sein, sondern kann beispielsweise auch aus Gründen der Diffusion der Fall sein. Die Flussrichtung 6 gibt also allgemein gesprochen diejenige Richtung vor, in der eine Reinigungswirkung erfolgt, so dass in der Flussrichtung 6 stromabwärts von der Reinigungsvorrichtung die Konzentration der verunreinigenden Partikel 4 nach dem Durchgang durch die Reinigungsvorrichtung geringer ist als vor dem Durchgang durch die Reinigungsvorrichtung. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a cleaning device for removing contaminating particles 4 from a medium or from a gas or gas mixture. The gas or the contaminated medium flows along a flow channel in a flow direction 6, so that the gas or medium flowing in a flow direction 6 along the flow channel can be removed by means of the cleaning device. This is not to be understood as meaning that in fact a volume flow in the flow direction has to take place in order to be able to clean a medium or to ensure the desired functionality. Rather, the direction of flow 6 indicates that direction with respect to which the contaminating particles can be removed when they enter the cleaning device from the direction of flow 6. This need not necessarily be the case through a directed volumetric flow of the medium in the flow direction 6, but may also be the case, for example, for reasons of diffusion. Thus, in general terms, the direction of flow 6 indicates that direction in which a cleaning action takes place, so that in the flow direction 6 downstream of the cleaning device, the concentration of the contaminating particles 4 after passing through the cleaning device is lower than before the passage through the cleaning device.

Die Reinigungsvorrichtung umfasst zumindest eine Ionisierungseinrichtung 8, welche ein Paar von Elektroden aufweist, die sich auf unterschiedlichen Seiten des Strömungskanals gegenüberliegen. In Figur 1 ist als eine der möglichen Ausführungsformen des Elektrodenpaars eine Anode 10 mit einer Mehrzahl von Spitzen sowie eine flächige Kathode 12 gezeigt. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass bei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen die spezifische Form der Elektroden, welche die Form des erzeugten elektrischen Feldes beeinflussen kann, den möglicherweise anderen geometrischen Gegebenheiten und sonstigen Rahmenbedingungen angepasst sein kann. Insbesondere kann beispielsweise die Anordnung aus Kathode und Anode vertauscht werden, d.h. eine Beaufschlagung der Elektroden mit einer Spannung kann entgegengesetzt sein als in Figur 1, wo exemplarisch eine optionale Hochspannungsversorgung 14 mit den Elektroden 10 und 12 derart gekoppelt ist, dass die Anode 10 von den spitzen Elektroden gebildet wird. Mit anderen Worten kann die Polarität auch anders herum sein als in Figur 1 dargestellt. Zusätzlich kann auch lediglich eine einzelne Elektrode für die Anode 10 verwendet werden bzw. die Anzahl der Elektroden oder der Spitzen einer Elektrode kann beliebig gewählt werden.The cleaning device comprises at least one ionization device 8, which has a pair of electrodes which oppose each other on different sides of the flow channel. In FIG. 1 For example, as one of the possible embodiments of the pair of electrodes, an anode 10 having a plurality of tips and a planar cathode 12 are shown. It goes without saying that in further embodiments, the specific shape of the electrodes, which the shape of the generated electric field, which may be adapted to other geometric conditions and other conditions. In particular, for example, the arrangement of cathode and anode can be reversed, ie, an application of voltage to the electrodes may be opposite to that in FIG FIG. 1 where, by way of example, an optional high voltage supply 14 is coupled to the electrodes 10 and 12 such that the anode 10 is formed by the pointed electrodes. In other words, the polarity can be the other way round as well FIG. 1 shown. In addition, only a single electrode can be used for the anode 10 or the number of electrodes or the tips of an electrode can be chosen arbitrarily.

Die Reinigungsvorrichtung enthält ferner zumindest einen Verunreinigungssensor 16, der ausgebildet ist, um eine Charakteristik, beispielsweise eine Konzentration oder eine Größe der verunreinigenden Partikel in dem Medium zu bestimmen. Wenngleich Figur 1 einen optionalen zweiten Verunreinigungssensor 18 zeigt, der in der Flussrichtung 6 nach der Ionisierungseinrichtung 8 angeordnet ist, kann bei alternativen Ausführungsbeispielen auf einen der beiden in Figur 1 dargestellten Verunreinigungssensoren 16 oder 18 verzichtet werden. Der Verunreinigungssensor 16 bzw. 18 kann die Konzentration und/oder die Größe bzw. eine andere Eigenschaft der verunreinigenden Partikel in dem Medium bestimmen. Beispielsweise kann der Verunreinigungssensor 16 ein optischer Sensor sein, der aufgrund der Intensität eines von der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Strömungskanals emittierten Lichtes bzw. aufgrund einer Intensität eines von dem Verunreinigungssensor 16 selbst ausgestrahlten und von der gegenüberliegenden Seite reflektierten Lichtes auf die Konzentration bzw. auf die Eigenschaft der verunreinigenden Partikel in dem Medium schließen kann. Andere mögliche Sensoren, die als Verunreinigungssensor verwendet werden können, sind IR-Sensoren, Laserpartikelsensoren (Luftpartikelzähler) oder Ultraschallsensoren.The cleaning device further includes at least one contamination sensor 16 configured to determine a characteristic, for example, a concentration or a size of the contaminating particles in the medium. Although FIG. 1 An optional second contamination sensor 18 located downstream of the ionization device 8 in the flow direction 6 may, in alternative embodiments, be applied to either one of the two FIG. 1 Contaminated pollution sensor 16 or 18 are omitted. The contaminant sensor 16 or 18 may determine the concentration and / or size or other property of the contaminating particles in the medium. For example, the contaminant sensor 16 may be an optical sensor based on the intensity of light emitted from the opposite side of the flow channel or intensity of light emitted from the contaminant sensor 16 itself and reflected from the opposite side to the concentration can close the contaminating particles in the medium. Other possible sensors that can be used as an impurity sensor are IR sensors, laser particle sensors (air particle counter) or ultrasonic sensors.

Die Reinigungsvorrichtung weist ferner eine Kontrolleinrichtung 20 auf, die sowohl mit der Ionisierungseinrichtung 8 als auch mit dem Verunreinigungssensor 16 gekoppelt ist. Die Kontrolleinrichtung 20 ist ausgebildet, um einen Betriebsmodus der Ionisierungseinrichtung 8 abhängig von der von dem Verunreinigungssensor 16 ermittelten Charakteristik der verunreinigenden Partikel 4 zu variieren. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Variation der Höhe der an den Elektroden 10 und 12 anliegenden Spannung erfolgen. Eine einfache weitere Möglichkeit der Regelung ist, bei unterschreiten eines vorbestimmten Maximalwertes die Konzentration der verunreinigenden Partikel 4 die Ionisierungseinrichtung 8 abzuschalten bzw. dafür zu sorgen, dass die Ionisierungseinrichtung 8 kein elektrisches Feld mehr erzeugt. Zu diesem Zweck kann die die Ionisierungseinrichtung 20 beispielsweise in einem alternativen Ausführungsbeispiel auch optional mit der Spannungsversorgung 14 gekoppelt sein.The cleaning device furthermore has a control device 20 which is coupled both to the ionization device 8 and to the contamination sensor 16 is. The control device 20 is designed to vary an operating mode of the ionization device 8 as a function of the characteristic of the contaminating particles 4 determined by the contamination sensor 16. This can be done, for example, by varying the height of the voltage applied to the electrodes 10 and 12. A simple further possibility of the regulation is to switch off the concentration of the contaminating particles 4, the ionization device 8, or to ensure that the ionization device 8 no longer generates an electric field when it falls below a predetermined maximum value. For this purpose, the ionization device 20 may also be optionally coupled to the power supply 14, for example in an alternative embodiment.

Bei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen, bei denen eine Mehrzahl von kaskadierten Ionisierungseinrichtungen verwendet wird, kann die maximale Reinigungsleistung einer Reinigungsvorrichtung erhöht werden, wenn die verunreinigenden Partikel in der Flussrichtung mehrere hintereinander angeordnete Ionisierungseinrichtungen passieren können.In further embodiments in which a plurality of cascaded ionization devices is used, the maximum cleaning performance of a cleaning device can be increased if the contaminating particles in the flow direction can pass through a plurality of ionization devices arranged one behind the other.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel bzw. einem mögliche Anordnung einer solchen Reinigungsvorrichtung mit kaskadierten Ionisierungseinrichtungen. Figur 2 zeigt als eine mögliche Anordnung drei in der Flussrichtung 6 hintereinander angeordnet Ionisierungseinrichtungen 28a - 28c, sowie zu den Ionisierungseinrichtungen 28a -28c benachbarte Verunreinigungssensoren 26a-26d. Figur 2 zeigt eine optionale Möglichkeit der Ausgestaltung der den Anoden 30a-30c gegenüberliegenden Kathoden 32a-32c, die miteinander kurzgeschlossen sind und so eine gemeinsame Kathodenfläche bilden. Selbstverständlich sind auch hier diskrete Katoden bzw. alternative Ausgestaltungen der Kathoden 32a -32c sowie eine Umkehrung der Polarität möglich. Lediglich der Darstellbarkeit halber wird in Figur 2 auf die Darstellung einer optionalen Spannungsversorgung verzichtet. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment or a possible arrangement of such a cleaning device with cascaded ionization. FIG. 2 shows as a possible arrangement three in the flow direction 6 successively arranged ionization 28a - 28c, as well as to the ionization devices 28a - 28c adjacent pollution sensors 26a - 26d. FIG. 2 shows an optional possibility of configuring the cathodes 32a-32c opposite the anodes 30a-30c, which are short-circuited together and thus form a common cathode surface. Of course, discrete cathodes or alternative embodiments of the cathodes 32a-32c as well as a reversal of the polarity are also possible here. Only the representability half is in FIG. 2 dispensed with the representation of an optional power supply.

Die Kontrolleinrichtung 20 ist sowohl mit den Verunreinigungssensoren 26a bis 26d als auch mit den Ionisierungseinrichtungen 28a bis 28c gekoppelt, um abhängig von der von den einzelnen Verunreinigungssensoren detektierten Konzentrationen bzw. Charakteristika der verunreinigenden Partikel die Betriebsbedingungen bzw. die Ansteuerung der Ionisierungseinrichtungen 28a bis 28c zu variieren. Dabei können einzelne der Ionisierungseinrichtungen 28a bis 28c entweder zu- oder abgeschalteten werden bzw. es kann die Versorgungsspannung einzelner Ionisierungseinrichtungen selektiv oder kollektiv variiert, d.h. erhöht oder erniedrigt werden.The controller 20 is coupled to both the contaminant sensors 26a-26d and the ionizers 28a-28c to be dependent to vary the operating conditions or the control of the ionization devices 28a to 28c from the concentrations or characteristics of the contaminating particles detected by the individual contamination sensors. In this case, individual ones of the ionization devices 28a to 28c can either be switched on or off or the supply voltage of individual ionization devices can be selectively or collectively varied, ie increased or decreased.

Beispielsweise kann, wenn mittels des Verunreinigungssensor 26c kein verunreinigtes Partikel detektiert werden kann bzw. wenn die Konzentration der verunreinigenden Partikel unterhalb eines vorbestimmten Maximalwertes bleibt, die Ionisierungseinrichtung 28c abgeschalteten werden. Selbstverständlich sind auch beliebige andere Steuer- bzw. Regelungsalgorithmen möglich. Durch den Einsatz der Verunreinigungssensoren 26a bis 26d bzw. einer Sensorik vor und/oder in dem Wirkbereich des Plasmas bzw. des elektrischen Feldes kann durch die Detektion beispielsweise der Größe und/oder der Anzahl des zu beeinflussenden Stoffes bzw. der verunreinigenden Partikel der dieses Plasma erzeugende Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom an- oder abgeschaltet bzw. in seiner Höhe variiert werden. Durch eine Kaskadenregelung, wie sie exemplarisch in Figur 2 dargestellt ist, ist zudem eine bedarfsabhängige Regelung unterteilt in einzelne Plasmazonen bzw. Zonen eines nicht verschwinden elektrischen Feldes realisierbar.For example, if no contaminated particle can be detected by the contaminant sensor 26c, or if the concentration of the contaminant particles remains below a predetermined maximum value, the ionizer 28c may be turned off. Of course, any other control algorithms are possible. By the use of the contamination sensors 26a to 26d or a sensor before and / or in the effective range of the plasma or the electric field can by detecting, for example, the size and / or the number of the substance to be influenced or the contaminating particles of this plasma generating high voltage DC switched on or off or be varied in height. Through a cascade control, as exemplified in FIG. 2 is shown, in addition, a demand-dependent control is divided into individual plasma zones or zones of a non-disappearance electric field feasible.

Durch Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung wird ein Stromverbrauch bei der Reinigung mittels eines Plasmas bzw. mittels eines eine Ionisierung verursachenden elektrischen Feldes verringert. Ferner kann eine Verringerung der Ozon-Emission erreicht werden, sowie eine Verringerung des Verschleißes der Elektroden.By embodiments of the invention, a power consumption in the cleaning by means of a plasma or by means of an ionizing electric field is reduced. Furthermore, a reduction of the ozone emission can be achieved, as well as a reduction of the wear of the electrodes.

Figur 3 zeigt schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Reinigungsvorrichtung zum Entfernen von verunreinigenden Partikeln aus einem in einer Flussrichtung entlang eines Strömungskanals strömenden Mediums, wobei die Reinigungsvorrichtung ausgebildet ist, um mittels sich auf unterschiedlichen Seiten des Strömungskanals gegenüberliegenden Elektroden ein elektrisches Feld in dem Strömungskanal zu erzeugen. FIG. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a method for operating a cleaning device for removing contaminating particles from a flowing in a flow direction along a flow channel medium, wherein the cleaning device is formed to by means of on different Side of the flow channel opposite electrodes to generate an electric field in the flow channel.

In einem Prüfschritt 40 wird eine Charakteristik der verunreinigenden Partikel in dem Medium bestimmt. Abhängig von der bestimmten Charakteristik wird in einem Steuer-/Regel Schritt 42 ein Betriebsmodus der Ionisierungseinrichtung variiert.In a test step 40, a characteristic of the contaminating particles in the medium is determined. Depending on the particular characteristic, in a control step 42, an operation mode of the ionization device is varied.

Obwohl bei den vorhergehenden Betrachtungen der Reinigungsvorrichtungen im Wesentlichen auf die Reinigung eines Mediums abgestellt wurde, versteht es sich von selbst, dass eine solche Reinigungsvorrichtung auch mit anderen Zielsetzungen verwendet werden kann.Although in the foregoing considerations of the cleaning devices has been directed essentially to the cleaning of a medium, it goes without saying that such a cleaning device can also be used with other objectives.

Beispielsweise können Ausführungsbeispiele einer Reinigungsvorrichtung als Dichtung verwendet werden, indem unerwünschte Teile bzw. Partikel aus einem ein Lager oder ein zu schützendes Bauteil umgebendem Medium, wie beispielsweise Luft oder Gas, entfernt werden, so dass diese nicht in das zu schützende Bauteil gelangen können. Beispielsweise können also weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Reinigungsvorrichtung in Lagern, insbesondere Gleitlagern und Wälzlagern verwendet werden, um das Lager vor Verunreinigung und vorzeitigem Verschleiß zu schützen.For example, embodiments of a cleaning device can be used as a seal by unwanted parts or particles from a bearing or a component to be protected surrounding medium, such as air or gas, are removed so that they can not get into the component to be protected. For example, therefore, further embodiments of the present cleaning device in bearings, in particular plain bearings and bearings can be used to protect the bearing from contamination and premature wear.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

  • 4 verunreinigende Partikel4 contaminating particles
  • 6 Flussrichtung6 flow direction
  • 8 Ionisierungseinrichtung8 ionization device
  • 10Anode10Anode
  • 12 Kathode12 cathode
  • 14 Spannungsversorgung14 power supply
  • 16 Verunreinigungssensor16 pollution sensor
  • 18 weiterer Verunreinigungssensor18 further pollution sensor
  • 20 Kontrolleinrichtung20 control device
  • 26a - 26d Verunreinigungssensoren26a - 26d pollution sensors
  • 28a - 28c Ionisierungseinrichtungen28a-28c ionization devices
  • 30a - 30c Anoden30a - 30c anodes
  • 32a - 32c Kathoden32a - 32c cathodes
  • 40 Prüfschritt40 test step
  • 42 Steuer-/Regelschritt42 control step

Claims (10)

  1. Cleaning device for removing contaminating particles (4) from a medium flowing along a flow channel in a flow direction (6), comprising:
    an ionizing means (8), which is designed to generate an electric field in the flow channel by means of a pair of electrodes (10, 12) lying opposite one another on different sides of the flow channel;
    at least one contamination sensor (16), which is designed to determine a characteristic of the contaminating particles in the medium;
    characterized in that
    a control means (20) is provided, which is coupled to the contamination sensor (16) and the ionizing means (8) and is designed to vary an operating mode of the ionizing means (8) depending on the characteristic of the contaminating particles (4) that is determined by the contamination sensor (16).
  2. Cleaning device according to Claim 1, which also has a second ionizing means (28b), which is coupled to the control means (20) and is designed to generate an electric field in the flow channel by means of a second pair of electrodes lying opposite one another on different sides of the flow channel, the second ionizing means (28b) being arranged downstream of the ionizing means (28a) in the flow direction (6).
  3. Cleaning device according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the contamination sensor (26a) is designed to determine the characteristic of the contaminating particles in the medium upstream of the first ionizing means (28a) or the second ionizing means (28b) in the flow direction (6) or downstream of the second ionizing means (28b) in the flow direction (6).
  4. Cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the control means (20) is designed to reduce an operating voltage between an anode and a cathode of the ionizing means (8; 28a) and/or the second ionizing means (28b) when the value for the concentration of the contaminating particles (4) goes below a predetermined maximum.
  5. Cleaning device according to Claim 4, in which the control means (20) is designed to switch off a voltage supply (14) for the first and/or the second ionizing means (8; 28a, 28b) when the value goes below a predetermined maximum.
  6. Cleaning device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the contamination sensor comprises an IR sensor, a laser particle sensor, an airborne particle counter or an ultrasound sensor.
  7. Cleaning device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising:
    a first voltage source (14), which is coupled to the first ionizing means (8) in such a way as to generate an electric field between the anode and the cathode.
  8. Cleaning device according to one of Claims 2 to 7, in which the cathodes (32a, 32b) of the first and second ionizing means (28a, 28b) are short-circuited in order to form a common cathode.
  9. Method for operating a cleaning device for removing contaminating particles from a medium flowing along a flow channel in a flow direction (6), wherein the cleaning device is designed to generate an electric field in the flow channel by means of a pair of electrodes (10, 12) lying opposite one another on different sides of the flow channel, characterized by the following steps:
    determining a characteristic of the contaminating particles in the gas; and
    varying an operating mode of the ionizing means, depending on the characteristic of the contaminating particles that is determined.
  10. Use of a cleaning device according to one of Claims 1 to 8 for protecting a bearing, in particular a rolling bearing, from contaminating particles.
EP12715656.0A 2011-04-15 2012-04-11 Cleaning device Not-in-force EP2696999B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE201110007470 DE102011007470A1 (en) 2011-04-15 2011-04-15 cleaning device
PCT/EP2012/056559 WO2012140069A1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-04-11 Cleaning device

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DE102017100574A1 (en) 2017-01-13 2018-07-19 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Module for preventing current passage damage in a rolling bearing and rolling bearing assembly
WO2024068787A1 (en) * 2022-09-28 2024-04-04 Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg Room air purifier

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WO2016147127A1 (en) * 2015-03-19 2016-09-22 Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh Device and method for separating off contaminants
EP3722003A1 (en) * 2019-04-09 2020-10-14 Technische Universität Dortmund Electrostatic precipitator
AT525317A1 (en) * 2021-08-02 2023-02-15 Villinger Markus Purification device for purifying a gas

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DD239350A1 (en) * 1985-07-17 1986-09-24 Entstaubungstech Edgar Andre CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICAL SEPARATORS
DE29615980U1 (en) * 1996-09-13 1997-02-13 Maxs Ag, Sachseln Device for the electrostatic separation of impurities
DE10045369A1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2002-03-28 Salzgitter Ag Process gas cleaning method has process gas passing between spray electrode and separation electrodes acted on by magnetic transducer field
US6785114B2 (en) * 2001-03-29 2004-08-31 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Foraminous filter for use in air ionizer
DE102007048557B3 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-06-04 Ab Skf Arrangement for sealing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017100574A1 (en) 2017-01-13 2018-07-19 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Module for preventing current passage damage in a rolling bearing and rolling bearing assembly
WO2024068787A1 (en) * 2022-09-28 2024-04-04 Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg Room air purifier

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