EP2695712A1 - Plant for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements - Google Patents
Plant for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2695712A1 EP2695712A1 EP13003655.1A EP13003655A EP2695712A1 EP 2695712 A1 EP2695712 A1 EP 2695712A1 EP 13003655 A EP13003655 A EP 13003655A EP 2695712 A1 EP2695712 A1 EP 2695712A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzles
- plant
- jets
- head
- worked
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 conglomerates Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009834 selective interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
- B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
Definitions
- the present invention generally finds application in the field of stone working and particularly relates to a multi-jet plant for water-jet surface working of semi-finished products made of stone, cementitious materials, conglomerates, granites and the like.
- jets are adapted to create surface deformations, possibly associated with material removal, to provide technical and/or aesthetic effects, such as abrasion, scratching, roughening, scraping, marking or similar surface alterations.
- multi-jet plants having a multi-jet head that is moved above the surface of the product to be worked, which is generally in slab form, to direct a plurality of high-pressure water jets thereon.
- the water jet is mixed with a powdered abrasive material, which is adapted to be propelled at high speed with the jet on the surface to be worked.
- the deformation effect is mainly caused by the action of the abrasive material, and water pressures may be maintained at relatively low levels.
- abrasive materials involves a variety of problems, mainly associated with the management of the abrasive material, that has to be stored and recovered after use.
- the particles of abrasive material should be prevented from dispersing in the environment, as this might constitute a serious hazard for the operators that control the apparatus.
- the abrasive material has a deteriorating effect on the parts of the plant contacted thereby, particularly with the mixture feeding line, and with the jet emitting nozzles.
- US 5,291,694 discloses an apparatus for surface working of slabs of stone materials, comprising one or more multi-jet guns, each designed to emit a plurality of high-pressure water jets to be directed to the surface to be worked.
- a further drawback is that a single rotational and translational motion is imparted to the nozzles, which causes repetitive and schematic reproduction of the working patterns, thereby affecting the aesthetic value of the final product.
- European Patent EP1045742 discloses a further machine for fluid-jet surface working of stone products using only water.
- one or more water jets are directed to the surface to be worked at a pressure ranging from 300 bar to 1500 bar.
- nozzles are displaced relative to the surface to be worked with schematic movements that create repetitive patterns, showing that the product is industrially worked, thereby affecting the aesthetic value of the final product.
- the main object of this invention is to obviate the above drawbacks, by providing a plant for water jet surface working of products made of stone or the like that is highly efficient and relatively cost-effective.
- a particular object is to provide a plant for surface working of products made of stone materials that provides particularly distinct surface effects, reproducing the effects of manual processing, only using water jets with no abrasive material therein.
- Yet another object is to provide a plant for surface working of products made of stone materials, that can create any decorative pattern, possibly of figurative type, or even texts, barcodes, QR codes, or the like, without particular limitation, and with a single jet tool driving cycle.
- a further object is to provide a plant for surface working of products made of stone materials, that affords high operational flexibility, with the possibility of changing the surface texture even while the head is moving.
- Another important object of the present invention is to provide a method for surface working of products made of stone materials that can provide multiple processing operations of high aesthetic value.
- a plant for surface working of semi-finished products made of a stone material or the like using abrasive-free liquid jets, which comprises a moving or stationary support base for the products to be worked, a head facing the support base and having a plurality of nozzles for generating jets oriented toward the surface of the products to be worked, feed means for feeding the nozzles with a high-pressure liquid to create cuts on the product being worked, first drive means for forwardly moving the product relative to the head in the longitudinal direction.
- the plant is characterized in that the nozzles are mutually offset in a transverse direction with a predetermined pitch, adjustment means being associated with the nozzles for continuous adjustment of the projection of their pitch on a vertical plane, substantially parallel to the transverse direction, during operation, to change the transverse distance between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets.
- the feeding pressure will be above 1500 bar to obtain an evident surface cutting effect.
- the nozzles may have an outlet with a maximum diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 to 0.40 mm, and more preferably of about 0.30 mm.
- pressure regulator means may be provided, for selective adjustment of the impact pressure of jets on such products being worked.
- water jets of high strength and high concentration may be directed to the surface, to act like a tool bit, to form particularly sharp cuts.
- the possibility of adjusting the impact pressure of the individual jets allows the cutting action to be limited or locally omitted to create decorative patterns, texts, codes and the like, at a high definition.
- a liquid jet plant of the invention may be used for working products made of a stone material such as stone, marble, granite or stone materials in general, cementitious materials, conglomerates or the like, for surface working thereof.
- the working process may be aimed at creating deformations on the surface S of a product P, possibly caused by material removal, thereby forming a predetermined pattern or texture, or an image, even a complex image.
- the product P may be in the form of a slab, a block or have a not necessarily regular three-dimensional shape.
- the plant 1 comprises a moving or stationary support base 2 for the products P to be worked and a head 3 facing the support base 2 and having a plurality of nozzles 4, 4', 4", ... for generating jets J oriented toward the surface S of the product P to be worked.
- the support base 2 is stationary and has a substantially horizontal orientation, such that the surface S to be worked may face upwards, the head 3 being movable above the base 2. Nevertheless, the plant 1 can also process inclined surfaces S, or surfaces lying on a support base that is inclined to the horizontal, possibly even vertical.
- the plant 1 also comprises feed means 5 for feeding the nozzles 4, 4', 4",... with a high pressure liquid, preferably water with no abrasive material therein, adapted to generate high-pressure jets J to make cuts on the products P being worked.
- a high pressure liquid preferably water with no abrasive material therein
- the head 3 is also associated with first drive means 6 for forward movement thereof in a longitudinal direction X relative to the support base 2, and hence relative to the products P thereon.
- These first drive means 6 may be designed to longitudinally transfer the head 3 in the longitudinal direction X, like in the illustrated configuration, and/or may be associated with the support base 2, e.g. via a roller bed or a conveyor belt, for longitudinally transferring the product P.
- the nozzles 4 are mutually offset in a transverse direction Y with a predetermined pitch p.
- the plant comprises adjustment means 7 associated with the nozzles 4 for continuous adjustment of the projection of their pitch p on a vertical plane ⁇ substantially parallel to the transverse direction Y during operation, to change the transverse distance d between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets J.
- FIGs. 2 to 5 show three different operating conditions, in which the nozzles 4 are aligned in a direction W coplanar with the transverse direction Y but inclined thereto at three different angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , to change their projection relative to the vertical plane ⁇ .
- the feed means 5 will be adapted to feed the working liquid at a minimum pressure above 1500 bar, with maximum values that may be continuously regulated without limitation, according to the material to be worked and to the thickness of the product P, particularly when the latter is a slab.
- the plant 1 comprises a stationary loadbearing structure 8 that surrounds the support base 2 and has a pair of substantially longitudinal lateral shoulders 9.
- the head 3 is supported by a substantially horizontal frame 10, as more clearly shown in Figs. 2 to 7 , which is in turn mounted to a substantially transversely oriented beam 11, having opposite ends 12 that slide on respective longitudinal guides 13 associated with corresponding shoulders 9.
- the frame 10 supports two additional multi-jet heads 14, 15, disposed at the sides of the first head 3, which heads may be configured as taught in Patent Applications EP1977867 and EP2105275 by the applicant hereof, and have nozzles, generally designated 16 and 17, disposed on respective rotating plates 18 and 19, are connected to the feed means 5 of the first head 3, which allows them to be fed at the above mentioned feeding pressures.
- the two lateral heads 14, 15 are supported by the frame 10, to be integral with the central head 2, such that they can follow its translational motion.
- the first drive means 6 may be associated with the ends 12 of the beam 11 and may be of the carriage-driven type, allowing the longitudinal sliding motion of the beam 11.
- the latter may also have second drive means 20, also possibly of the carriage-driven type, for imparting a longitudinal sliding motion to the frame 10 and hence to the nozzle heads 2, 14 and 15, thereby allowing the working process to be also carried out on surfaces S larger than the maximum transverse dimension of the head 2.
- second drive means 20 also possibly of the carriage-driven type, for imparting a longitudinal sliding motion to the frame 10 and hence to the nozzle heads 2, 14 and 15, thereby allowing the working process to be also carried out on surfaces S larger than the maximum transverse dimension of the head 2.
- the plant 2 may further comprise electronic control means, not shown, which are adapted to interpolate the movements imparted by the first drive means 6 and the second drive means 20 and by the adjustment means 7, as well as any other movement as described hereinbelow, to obtain complex motions of the head 2.
- the central head 2 comprises an elongate body 21 mainly extending in the direction L, with the nozzles 4 being mounted thereto in mutually offset positions and with jets J oriented toward the products being worked.
- the elongate body 21 is fixed to a support shaft 22, that is pivotally mounted to the horizontal frame 10 to rotate about an axis of rotation R that is substantially perpendicular to the elongate body 21.
- the feed means 5 may comprise a feed line 23 which is disposed at the periphery of the shaft 22, and is connected to a distribution channel 24 formed in the head 3 and connected to the nozzles 4.
- the adjustment means 7 may act on the rotating shaft 22 to promote its rotation about the axis of rotation R, which will change the projection of the pitch p and the relative distance d between cuts. Furthermore, they may be designed to also allow the shaft 22 to rotate by 360°, as schematically shown in Fig. 14 , in which the elongate body 21 is outlined by dashed lines, in the possible rotated positions.
- the rotation of the shaft 22 during processing may be either continuous or discrete, such that corrugated, helical or other complex cuts may be formed without stopping the plant 1.
- the angular orientation of the head 2 with respect to the transverse direction Y may be also obtained in a non-dynamic manner, i.e. by inclining the elongate body 2 relative to the transverse direction Y at an angle that is kept constant during processing.
- the nozzles 4 are mounted to the head 3 via respective sections 25 that are movable relative to the elongate body 21 along its main extension axis L.
- the adjustment means 7 comprise third drive means 26 which act on the sections 25 to change their mutual distance along the extension axis L, thereby adjusting the projection of the nozzles 4 on the vertical transverse plane ⁇ and hence the transverse distance d between cuts.
- the third drive means 26 in turn comprise interface means 27 for selectively actuating each section 25 relative to the others and changing the relative distance between at least one pair of nozzles 4.
- the interface means 27 may be of mechanical type, i.e. a rack, or of electromechanical or electronic type or the like, without limitation.
- the adjustment means 7 may comprise fourth drive means 28 for imparting an inclination ⁇ to the axis of rotation R relative to the vertical, to change the distance of the nozzles from the support base 2.
- the fourth drive means 28 may be associated directly with the head or with the rotating shaft 22 or the frame 10.
- the nozzles 4 of the central head 3 may have an outlet 29 with a maximum diameter ⁇ preferably ranging from 0,15 mm to 0,60 mm and more preferably from 0,20 mm to 0,40 mm, e.g. of about 0,30 mm, to ,obtain jets J of very small sizes, and make very neat and accurate cuts.
- the outlets 29 may be of any shape, e.g. of circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, polygonal or the like shape, without limitation, to obtain cuts of various shapes.
- pressure regulator means 30 may be provided, for selective adjustment of the impact pressure of jets J on the products P being worked.
- the pressure regulator means 30 are conveniently associated with electronic control means, not shown, for selective interaction of the pressure regulator means 30 with the nozzles 4, such that the intensity of the individual jets J may be adjusted independently of one another.
- the pressure regulator means 30 comprise deflector members 31 located downstream from each nozzle 4 to intercept the jet J and change the impact force on the surface S to be worked.
- the deflector members 31 may be of mechanical or electromechanical type and may comprise a plate 32, which is designed to move between an inoperative position, external to the relevant jet J and an operative position in which the plate 32 at least partially obstructs the outlet 29 of the corresponding nozzle 4, thereby reducing the flow rate of the jet J and hence impact pressure.
- the deflector means may be of the compressed-air type, with respective nozzles arranged at the water jet nozzles 4, to blow a high-speed air flow to the jets J, and deflect the latter, thereby reducing impact pressure on the surface S to considerably reduce the cut.
- the pressure regulator means 30 may be associated with the feed means 5 and comprise a plurality of electronically controlled valves operatively connected to each nozzle 4 for selective adjustment of their feeding pressure.
- the water for feeding the nozzles 4 may be added with electrically polarizing materials, such as mineral salts, whereas the feed means 5 may comprise means for electrically charging the water that flows out of the nozzles.
- the pressure regulator means 30 may be in turn associated with an electric or electromagnetic field generator, which is adapted to deflect the electrically charged jets J, to impart a repulsive electric or electromagnetic force thereto.
- the feed means 5 may be designed to draw the abrasive-free water of the emitted jets J and recirculate it after filtration, to convey it to the nozzles 4, thereby allowing recycling and avoiding water waste.
- the pressure regulator means 30 may comprise fifth drive means, not shown, for selectively rotating the elongate body 21 about its main extension axis L and/or one or more of the nozzles 4, as schematically shown in Fig. 18 , thereby allowing the jets J to be inclined to the vertical.
- jets J may be inclined to operate in the same direction as the longitudinal transfer direction X of the head 3, or in a direction opposite thereto, thereby further increasing the operativity of the plant 1.
- All the above mentioned drive means may include mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, oil-hydraulic, pneumatic, manual or automated actuators, possibly controlled in an independent manner, and with procedures that are typical for this type of plants, and within the skill of the art.
- the method basically comprises a step a) of providing a moving or stationary support base for the products P to be worked, a step b) of providing a plurality of nozzles 4 for generating jets J oriented toward the products P to be worked, a step c) of feeding the nozzles with a high-pressure liquid to create cuts on the products P being worked, a step d) of forwardly moving the products P relative to the nozzles 4 in a longitudinal direction X.
- the nozzles 4 are placed in mutually offset positions with a predetermined pitch p in a transverse direction Y, and the method comprises a step e) of continuously adjusting the projection of their pitch p on a vertical plane ⁇ substantially parallel to the transverse direction Y, to change the transverse distance d between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets J.
- the step c) of feeding the jets comprises feeding totally abrasive-free water, at a feeding pressure above 1500 bar.
- the method may also comprise one or more additional steps of controlled displacement of the jets J relative to the product P being worked in one or more directions of translation and/or rotation, and a step of selective regulation of the impact pressure of jets, for carrying out all the operations as described above for the plant.
- the step e) of adjusting the pitch p of the nozzles 4 may comprise a step f) of joined rotation of the nozzles 4 about an axis of rotation R substantially orthogonal to the support base 2.
- the pitch p may be adjusted by mutually transferring the nozzles 4 parallel to the transverse direction Y, possibly but not necessarily combining the above mentioned joined rotation about the axis R.
- a step g) may be provided of selectively regulating the impact pressure of the jets J on the products P being worked, said step being carried out by deflecting the individual jets J such that they do not impact the surface S being worked or impact it with not enough energy to deform the material and/or by selectively stopping water feeding to the individual nozzles 4.
- a step h) may be provided of inclining the jets J relative to the vertical to selectively change their distance from the support base 2.
- a step i) may be provided for recovering the feeding water of the emitted jets to recirculate and reuse it for feeding the nozzles 4, possibly after filtration, thereby creating a closed loop.
- the plant of the invention fulfills the intended objects and particularly meets the requirement of allowing the formation of a multiplicity of well-defined decorative patterns on the surface of the products, which patterns may be of either abstract or figurative type, or possibly consist of text, barcodes, QR codes or the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention generally finds application in the field of stone working and particularly relates to a multi-jet plant for water-jet surface working of semi-finished products made of stone, cementitious materials, conglomerates, granites and the like.
- Surface working of products made of stone materials or the like, is known to be obtained by directing one or more high-pressure and/or high-speed fluid jets to the surface of the product.
- The action of such jets is adapted to create surface deformations, possibly associated with material removal, to provide technical and/or aesthetic effects, such as abrasion, scratching, roughening, scraping, marking or similar surface alterations.
- Particularly, it is known to use multi-jet plants having a multi-jet head that is moved above the surface of the product to be worked, which is generally in slab form, to direct a plurality of high-pressure water jets thereon.
- In order to obtain the required abrading effect the water jet is mixed with a powdered abrasive material, which is adapted to be propelled at high speed with the jet on the surface to be worked.
- Thus, the deformation effect is mainly caused by the action of the abrasive material, and water pressures may be maintained at relatively low levels.
- Nevertheless, the use of abrasive materials involves a variety of problems, mainly associated with the management of the abrasive material, that has to be stored and recovered after use.
- Furthermore, during processing the particles of abrasive material should be prevented from dispersing in the environment, as this might constitute a serious hazard for the operators that control the apparatus.
- Not the least, the abrasive material has a deteriorating effect on the parts of the plant contacted thereby, particularly with the mixture feeding line, and with the jet emitting nozzles.
- Therefore, these prior art apparatus require frequent maintenance, involving downtimes and throughput losses, as well as replacement of the parts under stress.
- In an attempt to obviate these drawbacks machines have been proposed for surface working of products of stone material that only use water jets, without the assistance of abrasive material.
-
US 5,291,694 discloses an apparatus for surface working of slabs of stone materials, comprising one or more multi-jet guns, each designed to emit a plurality of high-pressure water jets to be directed to the surface to be worked. - Nevertheless, the jet emitting pressure, ranging from 200 Kg/cm2 to 800 Kg/cm2) is inadequate to obtain a surface working effect with a satisfactory definition. Indeed, this prior art apparatus is mainly used for finishing of pre-processed surfaces.
- A further drawback is that a single rotational and translational motion is imparted to the nozzles, which causes repetitive and schematic reproduction of the working patterns, thereby affecting the aesthetic value of the final product.
- European Patent
EP1045742 discloses a further machine for fluid-jet surface working of stone products using only water. - In this machine, one or more water jets are directed to the surface to be worked at a pressure ranging from 300 bar to 1500 bar.
- Nevertheless, this solution also proved to be inadequate, as these water jet pressures affect jet effectiveness and do not provide the desired surface effects.
- Furthermore, also in this machine, nozzles are displaced relative to the surface to be worked with schematic movements that create repetitive patterns, showing that the product is industrially worked, thereby affecting the aesthetic value of the final product.
- Not the least, the use of relatively low pressures requires operation at high flow rates, with nozzles having relatively large outlet diameters. This will produce particularly rough working patterns, and will prevent the formation of fine designs.
- The main object of this invention is to obviate the above drawbacks, by providing a plant for water jet surface working of products made of stone or the like that is highly efficient and relatively cost-effective.
- A particular object is to provide a plant for surface working of products made of stone materials that provides particularly distinct surface effects, reproducing the effects of manual processing, only using water jets with no abrasive material therein.
- Yet another object is to provide a plant for surface working of products made of stone materials, that can create any decorative pattern, possibly of figurative type, or even texts, barcodes, QR codes, or the like, without particular limitation, and with a single jet tool driving cycle.
- A further object is to provide a plant for surface working of products made of stone materials, that affords high operational flexibility, with the possibility of changing the surface texture even while the head is moving.
- Another important object of the present invention is to provide a method for surface working of products made of stone materials that can provide multiple processing operations of high aesthetic value.
- These and other objects, as better explained hereafter, are fulfilled by a plant for surface working of semi-finished products made of a stone material or the like, using abrasive-free liquid jets, which comprises a moving or stationary support base for the products to be worked, a head facing the support base and having a plurality of nozzles for generating jets oriented toward the surface of the products to be worked, feed means for feeding the nozzles with a high-pressure liquid to create cuts on the product being worked, first drive means for forwardly moving the product relative to the head in the longitudinal direction.
- The plant is characterized in that the nozzles are mutually offset in a transverse direction with a predetermined pitch, adjustment means being associated with the nozzles for continuous adjustment of the projection of their pitch on a vertical plane, substantially parallel to the transverse direction, during operation, to change the transverse distance between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets.
- This particular combination of characteristics will allow the relative positions of cuts to be changed to create a multiplicity of processing effects and obtain decorative patterns that mimic manual operations, possibly figurative patterns.
- Conveniently, the feeding pressure will be above 1500 bar to obtain an evident surface cutting effect.
- Advantageously, the nozzles may have an outlet with a maximum diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 to 0.40 mm, and more preferably of about 0.30 mm.
- Also, pressure regulator means may be provided, for selective adjustment of the impact pressure of jets on such products being worked.
- With this additional combination of characteristics, water jets of high strength and high concentration may be directed to the surface, to act like a tool bit, to form particularly sharp cuts.
- Furthermore, the possibility of adjusting the impact pressure of the individual jets allows the cutting action to be limited or locally omitted to create decorative patterns, texts, codes and the like, at a high definition.
- Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in accordance with the dependent claims.
- Further features and advantages of the invention will be more apparent from the detailed description of a preferred, non-exclusive embodiment of a plant according to the invention, which is described as a non-limiting example with the help of the annexed drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a top view of the plant of the invention; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the block that is part of the plant and comprises the multi-jet head; -
FIG. 3 is a front view of the block ofFig. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a broken-away front view of the block ofFig. 2 ; -
FIGS. 5 to 7 are bottom views of the block ofFig. 2 in three different operating conditions; -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a nozzle head that is part of the plant of the invention, according to a first preferred configuration; -
FIGS. 9 to 12 are views of a detail of the head ofFig. 8 ; -
FIG. 13 is a sectional front view of the detail ofFig. 9 ; -
FIG. 14 is a top view of the head ofFig. 8 in a particular operating mode; -
FIGS. 15 and 16 are front views of the head ofFig. 8 in a second preferred configuration and in two distinct operating conditions; -
FIG. 17 is a side view of the head ofFig. 8 in a third operating configuration; -
FIG. 18 is a side view of the head ofFig. 8 in a fourth operating configuration. - Referring to the above mentioned figures, a liquid jet plant of the invention, generally designated by
numeral 1, may be used for working products made of a stone material such as stone, marble, granite or stone materials in general, cementitious materials, conglomerates or the like, for surface working thereof. - The working process may be aimed at creating deformations on the surface S of a product P, possibly caused by material removal, thereby forming a predetermined pattern or texture, or an image, even a complex image. The product P may be in the form of a slab, a block or have a not necessarily regular three-dimensional shape.
- As shown in
Fig. 1 , theplant 1 comprises a moving orstationary support base 2 for the products P to be worked and ahead 3 facing thesupport base 2 and having a plurality ofnozzles - In the illustrated configuration, the
support base 2 is stationary and has a substantially horizontal orientation, such that the surface S to be worked may face upwards, thehead 3 being movable above thebase 2. Nevertheless, theplant 1 can also process inclined surfaces S, or surfaces lying on a support base that is inclined to the horizontal, possibly even vertical. - The
plant 1 also comprises feed means 5 for feeding thenozzles - While reference will be made herein, for simplicity, to a single nozzle, designated with
numeral 4, unless otherwise stated all the parts related tosuch nozzle 4 shall apply in a substantially identical and operatively equivalent manner to theother nozzles 4', 4",.... - The
head 3 is also associated with first drive means 6 for forward movement thereof in a longitudinal direction X relative to thesupport base 2, and hence relative to the products P thereon. - These first drive means 6 may be designed to longitudinally transfer the
head 3 in the longitudinal direction X, like in the illustrated configuration, and/or may be associated with thesupport base 2, e.g. via a roller bed or a conveyor belt, for longitudinally transferring the product P. - As more clearly shown in
Figs. 2 and12 , according to a peculiar feature of the invention, thenozzles 4 are mutually offset in a transverse direction Y with a predetermined pitch p. - Furthermore, the plant comprises adjustment means 7 associated with the
nozzles 4 for continuous adjustment of the projection of their pitch p on a vertical plane π substantially parallel to the transverse direction Y during operation, to change the transverse distance d between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets J. - Particularly,
Figs. 2 to 5 show three different operating conditions, in which thenozzles 4 are aligned in a direction W coplanar with the transverse direction Y but inclined thereto at three different angles α,β,γ, to change their projection relative to the vertical plane π. - Namely, in this configuration there will be a maximum distance d between cuts when the direction of alignment W of the
nozzles 4 is parallel to the transverse direction Y and a minimum distance when it is orthogonal thereto, i.e. longitudinal. In this case, cuts will substantially overlap. - According to a further particularly advantageous aspect of the invention, the feed means 5 will be adapted to feed the working liquid at a minimum pressure above 1500 bar, with maximum values that may be continuously regulated without limitation, according to the material to be worked and to the thickness of the product P, particularly when the latter is a slab.
- These feeding pressure values will provide the required definition of the cuts without the use of abrasive materials, thereby eliminating all the drawbacks associated with this operating condition.
- In a particularly preferred embodiment, as shown in
Fig. 1 , theplant 1 comprises a stationaryloadbearing structure 8 that surrounds thesupport base 2 and has a pair of substantially longitudinallateral shoulders 9. - The
head 3 is supported by a substantiallyhorizontal frame 10, as more clearly shown inFigs. 2 to 7 , which is in turn mounted to a substantially transversely orientedbeam 11, having opposite ends 12 that slide on respectivelongitudinal guides 13 associated withcorresponding shoulders 9. - The figures also show that the
frame 10 supports two additional multi-jet heads 14, 15, disposed at the sides of thefirst head 3, which heads may be configured as taught in Patent ApplicationsEP1977867 andEP2105275 by the applicant hereof, and have nozzles, generally designated 16 and 17, disposed on respectiverotating plates first head 3, which allows them to be fed at the above mentioned feeding pressures. - The two
lateral heads frame 10, to be integral with thecentral head 2, such that they can follow its translational motion. - In this configuration, the first drive means 6 may be associated with the
ends 12 of thebeam 11 and may be of the carriage-driven type, allowing the longitudinal sliding motion of thebeam 11. - The latter may also have second drive means 20, also possibly of the carriage-driven type, for imparting a longitudinal sliding motion to the
frame 10 and hence to the nozzle heads 2, 14 and 15, thereby allowing the working process to be also carried out on surfaces S larger than the maximum transverse dimension of thehead 2. - The
plant 2 may further comprise electronic control means, not shown, which are adapted to interpolate the movements imparted by the first drive means 6 and the second drive means 20 and by the adjustment means 7, as well as any other movement as described hereinbelow, to obtain complex motions of thehead 2. - The
central head 2 comprises anelongate body 21 mainly extending in the direction L, with thenozzles 4 being mounted thereto in mutually offset positions and with jets J oriented toward the products being worked. - As more clearly shown in
Figs. 8 to 12 , theelongate body 21 is fixed to asupport shaft 22, that is pivotally mounted to thehorizontal frame 10 to rotate about an axis of rotation R that is substantially perpendicular to theelongate body 21. - As more clearly shown in
Fig. 13 , the feed means 5 may comprise afeed line 23 which is disposed at the periphery of theshaft 22, and is connected to adistribution channel 24 formed in thehead 3 and connected to thenozzles 4. - The adjustment means 7 may act on the
rotating shaft 22 to promote its rotation about the axis of rotation R, which will change the projection of the pitch p and the relative distance d between cuts. Furthermore, they may be designed to also allow theshaft 22 to rotate by 360°, as schematically shown inFig. 14 , in which theelongate body 21 is outlined by dashed lines, in the possible rotated positions. - The rotation of the
shaft 22 during processing may be either continuous or discrete, such that corrugated, helical or other complex cuts may be formed without stopping theplant 1. - Nevertheless, the angular orientation of the
head 2 with respect to the transverse direction Y may be also obtained in a non-dynamic manner, i.e. by inclining theelongate body 2 relative to the transverse direction Y at an angle that is kept constant during processing. - In an alternative configuration, as shown in
Figs. 15 and 16 , thenozzles 4 are mounted to thehead 3 viarespective sections 25 that are movable relative to theelongate body 21 along its main extension axis L. - The adjustment means 7 comprise third drive means 26 which act on the
sections 25 to change their mutual distance along the extension axis L, thereby adjusting the projection of thenozzles 4 on the vertical transverse plane π and hence the transverse distance d between cuts. - The third drive means 26 in turn comprise interface means 27 for selectively actuating each
section 25 relative to the others and changing the relative distance between at least one pair ofnozzles 4. The interface means 27 may be of mechanical type, i.e. a rack, or of electromechanical or electronic type or the like, without limitation. - Furthermore, in both configurations of
Fig. 8 andFig. 14 , the adjustment means 7 may comprise fourth drive means 28 for imparting an inclination □ to the axis of rotation R relative to the vertical, to change the distance of the nozzles from thesupport base 2. The fourth drive means 28 may be associated directly with the head or with the rotatingshaft 22 or theframe 10. - In a particularly advantageous configuration, the
nozzles 4 of thecentral head 3 may have anoutlet 29 with a maximum diameter φ preferably ranging from 0,15 mm to 0,60 mm and more preferably from 0,20 mm to 0,40 mm, e.g. of about 0,30 mm, to ,obtain jets J of very small sizes, and make very neat and accurate cuts. - The
outlets 29 may be of any shape, e.g. of circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, polygonal or the like shape, without limitation, to obtain cuts of various shapes. - Furthermore, pressure regulator means 30 may be provided, for selective adjustment of the impact pressure of jets J on the products P being worked. The pressure regulator means 30 are conveniently associated with electronic control means, not shown, for selective interaction of the pressure regulator means 30 with the
nozzles 4, such that the intensity of the individual jets J may be adjusted independently of one another. - This additional feature, as well as the relatively small size of the outflowing jets J will allow not only abstract decorative patterns, but also figurative patterns, text, barcodes, QR codes and the like, to be formed on the surface S being worked.
- In a first embodiment, as shown in
Fig. 17 , the pressure regulator means 30 comprisedeflector members 31 located downstream from eachnozzle 4 to intercept the jet J and change the impact force on the surface S to be worked. - The
deflector members 31 may be of mechanical or electromechanical type and may comprise aplate 32, which is designed to move between an inoperative position, external to the relevant jet J and an operative position in which theplate 32 at least partially obstructs theoutlet 29 of thecorresponding nozzle 4, thereby reducing the flow rate of the jet J and hence impact pressure. - In an alternative configuration, not shown, the deflector means may be of the compressed-air type, with respective nozzles arranged at the
water jet nozzles 4, to blow a high-speed air flow to the jets J, and deflect the latter, thereby reducing impact pressure on the surface S to considerably reduce the cut. - In a further alternative configuration, also not shown, the pressure regulator means 30 may be associated with the feed means 5 and comprise a plurality of electronically controlled valves operatively connected to each
nozzle 4 for selective adjustment of their feeding pressure. - In another embodiment not shown in the drawings, the water for feeding the
nozzles 4 may be added with electrically polarizing materials, such as mineral salts, whereas the feed means 5 may comprise means for electrically charging the water that flows out of the nozzles. The pressure regulator means 30 may be in turn associated with an electric or electromagnetic field generator, which is adapted to deflect the electrically charged jets J, to impart a repulsive electric or electromagnetic force thereto. - Advantageously, the feed means 5 may be designed to draw the abrasive-free water of the emitted jets J and recirculate it after filtration, to convey it to the
nozzles 4, thereby allowing recycling and avoiding water waste. - In yet another aspect of the invention, the pressure regulator means 30 may comprise fifth drive means, not shown, for selectively rotating the
elongate body 21 about its main extension axis L and/or one or more of thenozzles 4, as schematically shown inFig. 18 , thereby allowing the jets J to be inclined to the vertical. - This configuration is particularly advantageous, as the jets J may be inclined to operate in the same direction as the longitudinal transfer direction X of the
head 3, or in a direction opposite thereto, thereby further increasing the operativity of theplant 1. - All the above mentioned drive means may include mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, oil-hydraulic, pneumatic, manual or automated actuators, possibly controlled in an independent manner, and with procedures that are typical for this type of plants, and within the skill of the art.
- Next, a method for liquid-jet surface working of semi-finished products made of a stone material or the like, that can be preferably but without limitation carried out using the above described
plant 1, will be described. - The method basically comprises a step a) of providing a moving or stationary support base for the products P to be worked, a step b) of providing a plurality of
nozzles 4 for generating jets J oriented toward the products P to be worked, a step c) of feeding the nozzles with a high-pressure liquid to create cuts on the products P being worked, a step d) of forwardly moving the products P relative to thenozzles 4 in a longitudinal direction X. - The
nozzles 4 are placed in mutually offset positions with a predetermined pitch p in a transverse direction Y, and the method comprises a step e) of continuously adjusting the projection of their pitch p on a vertical plane □ substantially parallel to the transverse direction Y, to change the transverse distance d between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets J. - Conveniently, the step c) of feeding the jets comprises feeding totally abrasive-free water, at a feeding pressure above 1500 bar.
- The method may also comprise one or more additional steps of controlled displacement of the jets J relative to the product P being worked in one or more directions of translation and/or rotation, and a step of selective regulation of the impact pressure of jets, for carrying out all the operations as described above for the plant.
- Particularly, the step e) of adjusting the pitch p of the
nozzles 4 may comprise a step f) of joined rotation of thenozzles 4 about an axis of rotation R substantially orthogonal to thesupport base 2. - Alternatively, the pitch p may be adjusted by mutually transferring the
nozzles 4 parallel to the transverse direction Y, possibly but not necessarily combining the above mentioned joined rotation about the axis R. - Furthermore, a step g) may be provided of selectively regulating the impact pressure of the jets J on the products P being worked, said step being carried out by deflecting the individual jets J such that they do not impact the surface S being worked or impact it with not enough energy to deform the material and/or by selectively stopping water feeding to the
individual nozzles 4. - Furthermore, a step h) may be provided of inclining the jets J relative to the vertical to selectively change their distance from the
support base 2. - Not the least, a step i) may be provided for recovering the feeding water of the emitted jets to recirculate and reuse it for feeding the
nozzles 4, possibly after filtration, thereby creating a closed loop. - Thus, the use of simple water as a working fluid will not only ensure environmental friendliness of the method, but also provide the additional cost-saving advantage.
- The above disclosure clearly shows that the plant of the invention fulfills the intended objects and particularly meets the requirement of allowing the formation of a multiplicity of well-defined decorative patterns on the surface of the products, which patterns may be of either abstract or figurative type, or possibly consist of text, barcodes, QR codes or the like.
- The plant of the invention is susceptible of a number of changes and variants, within the inventive concept as disclosed in the appended claims. All the details thereof may be replaced by other technically equivalent parts, and the materials may vary depending on different needs, without departure from the scope of the invention.
- While the plant has been described with particular reference to the accompanying figures, the numerals referred to in the disclosure and claims are only used for the sake of a better intelligibility of the invention and shall not be intended to limit the claimed scope in any manner.
Claims (10)
- A plant for surface working of semi-finished products made of a stone or the like base material using abrasive-free liquids jets, comprising:- a moving or stationary support base (2) for a product (P) to be worked;- a head (3) facing said support base (2) and having a plurality of nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) for generating jets (J) oriented toward the surface of the product (P) to be worked;- feed means (5) for feeding said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) with a high-pressure liquid to create cuts on the product (P) being worked;- first drive means (6) for moving the product (P) relative to said head (3) along a longitudinal direction (X);
characterized in that said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) are mutually offset in a transverse direction (Y) with a predetermined pitch (p), adjustment means (7) being associated with said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) for continuously adjustment of the projection of their pitch (p) on a vertical plane (π), substantially parallel to said transverse direction (Y) during operation to change the transverse distance (d) between the longitudinal cuts made by said jets (J). - Plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said working liquid is water without abrasives and wherein said pressure is higher than 1500 bar.
- Plant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said head (3) comprises an elongate body (21) on which said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) are mounted in mutually offset positions and with jets (J) oriented toward the product (P) being worked, said elongate body (21) being fixed to a support shaft (22) journalled supported on a substantially horizontal frame (10) to pivot about a rotation axis (R) substantially orthogonal to said elongate body (21).
- Plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein said adjustment means (7) interact with said rotating shaft (22) to promote the rotation of this latter with about said first axis (R), with consequent variation of the projection of the pitch (p) and of the relative distance (d) between the cuts on said vertical plane (π).
- Plant as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein said frame (10) is mounted on a substantially transverse beam (11) movable along substantially longitudinal guides (13) fixed on a supporting frame (8) stationary with respect to said support base (2), second drive means (20) being provided for moving said head (3) relative to said support base (2) along said beam (11).
- Plant as claimed in claim 5, wherein said elongate body (21) defines a main extension direction (L), said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) being mounted on said head (3) through respective sections (25) movable relative to said elongate body (21) along said main extension direction (L), third moving means (26) being provided which act on said sections (25) to change their mutual distance along said extension direction (L).
- Plant as claimed in claim 6, wherein said third moving means (26) comprise interface means (27) to selectively actuate each single section (25) with respect to the others and to vary the relative distance between at least one pair of said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...).
- Plan as claimed in any claim from 3 to 7, wherein said adjustment means (7) comprise fourth drive means (28) to impart an inclination (χ) of said rotation axis (R) relative to the vertical, in such a manner to change the projection of the distance of said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) with respect to said support base (2).
- Plant as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said nozzles (4, 4', 4",...) have an outlet port (29) with a maximum diameter (φ) ranging from 0,15mm to 0,60mm, preferably from 0,20mm to 0,40mm and more preferably close to 0,30mm.
- Plant as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein regulator means (30) are provided to selectively adjust the impact pressure of the jets (J) on the product (P) being worked.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL13003655T PL2695712T3 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-07-22 | Plant for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000207A ITVI20120207A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | PLANT FOR SURFACE MACHINING OF WATER JET OF SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS IN STONE MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2695712A1 true EP2695712A1 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
EP2695712B1 EP2695712B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
Family
ID=46888607
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13003655.1A Active EP2695712B1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-07-22 | Plant for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2695712B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2695712T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2612936T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITVI20120207A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2695712T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2695712T (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106737217A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 广东技术师范学院 | A kind of water jet machining device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5291694A (en) | 1991-06-03 | 1994-03-08 | Jse Corporation | Apparatus and method of working and finish treating a stone surface |
WO1999032262A1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-07-01 | Apuania Corsi S.R.L. | Method and plant for surface abrasive treatment of stone materials, particularly stone slabs |
EP1977867A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-08 | MAEMA S.r.l. | Jet tool and tool holding head for surface working of slabs and blocks of stone, cementitious or the like materials |
EP2105275A2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | MAEMA S.r.l. | Method and multiple-tool apparatus for surface flaming of stone or stone-like products |
EP2478968A1 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-25 | MAEMA S.r.l. | Multi-tool jet apparatus for surface working of products of hard material |
-
2012
- 2012-08-09 IT IT000207A patent/ITVI20120207A1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-07-22 EP EP13003655.1A patent/EP2695712B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-22 PT PT130036551T patent/PT2695712T/en unknown
- 2013-07-22 DK DK13003655.1T patent/DK2695712T3/en active
- 2013-07-22 ES ES13003655.1T patent/ES2612936T3/en active Active
- 2013-07-22 PL PL13003655T patent/PL2695712T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5291694A (en) | 1991-06-03 | 1994-03-08 | Jse Corporation | Apparatus and method of working and finish treating a stone surface |
WO1999032262A1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-07-01 | Apuania Corsi S.R.L. | Method and plant for surface abrasive treatment of stone materials, particularly stone slabs |
EP1045742A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 | 2000-10-25 | Apuania Corsi S.R.L. | Method and plant for surface abrasive treatment of stone materials, particularly stone slabs |
EP1977867A1 (en) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-10-08 | MAEMA S.r.l. | Jet tool and tool holding head for surface working of slabs and blocks of stone, cementitious or the like materials |
EP2105275A2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | MAEMA S.r.l. | Method and multiple-tool apparatus for surface flaming of stone or stone-like products |
EP2478968A1 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-25 | MAEMA S.r.l. | Multi-tool jet apparatus for surface working of products of hard material |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106737217A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 广东技术师范学院 | A kind of water jet machining device |
CN106737217B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-01-08 | 广东技术师范学院 | A kind of water jet machining device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT2695712T (en) | 2017-02-13 |
ITVI20120207A1 (en) | 2014-02-10 |
DK2695712T3 (en) | 2017-02-13 |
PL2695712T3 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
EP2695712B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
ES2612936T3 (en) | 2017-05-19 |
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