EP2692515B1 - Compacting device for compacting containers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a compacting device for compacting containers according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a compacting device comprises a compacting unit which has at least one first propulsion device for conveying at least one container in an insertion direction. The compacting unit is designed to compact the at least one container when conveying in the insertion direction. The compacting device further comprises a post-compacting unit downstream of the compacting unit in the insertion direction, which has at least one second propulsion device for conveying the at least one pack through the post-compacting unit, wherein the post-compacting unit is designed to further compact the at least one pack.

Such a container may be, for example, a disposable plastic bottle (such as a PE or PET bottle) or a beverage can.

A compacting device of the type concerned here finds particular application in interaction with a reverse vending machine, via the one For example, consumers can deliver empties in a retail store against the return of a deposit. A reverse vending machine accepts empties in the form of containers, for example disposable plastic bottles or beverage cans, and leads these containers to a compacting device that compacts the containers.

In the context of this text, "compacting" is understood to mean the volume reduction of a container. The compacting serves on the one hand to enable space-saving storage and a simple, cost-effective transport of containers by volume reduction. Secondly, according to the requirements of, for example, the German deposit system GmbH (DPG) in the return of containers, the containers themselves or mounted on the container control marks are destroyed so that a reversal of the container in a non-compacted state and thus a re-insertion of the container an automatic reverse vending machine is not possible.

From the DE 101 14 686 C1 a device is known in which a container is fed via a vane shaft of a spiked roller which carries spikes to irreversibly perforate the container.

From the DE 10 2006 033 615 A1 a compacting device is known in which a container is fed to a roller which carries on its outer lateral surface cutting for perforation and destruction of an inserted container.

At one of the DE 2009 049 070 A1 known Kompaktierungsvorrichtung two rollers are provided which have parallel to each other extending axes of rotation. The rollers carry on their outer lateral surfaces corrugated strips, which are intended to improve the intake behavior of containers and the compaction.

The JP 2005-111552 A discloses a compacting apparatus having two chain drives which convey and compact a package in a propelling direction. The compacting device acts one-dimensionally by the container is conveyed between the diametrically opposed propulsion devices. Above the compacting device, an inlet funnel is arranged, are to be thrown into the container and which is arranged with a feed opening above the compaction device. By means of the funnel is no compaction, but only a feeder.

Known Kompaktierungsvorrichtungen are nowadays often constructed in multiple stages by a pre-compression unit follows a Nachverdichtungseinheit. Such compacting devices usually act one-dimensionally by flattening packs in a spatial direction and thereby destroying them. This results in a comparatively complicated multi-stage construction with considerable space requirement.

In addition, in conventional compacting devices, the way in which the pack is destroyed during compacting often results in the formation of protruding sharp corners and edges on compacted containers which cause containers to get caught in a container into which the containers are filled and digging, so that there is an unfavorable bulk and stratification behavior, which means that compacted containers can not easily spread in a container in a favorable manner.

There is a need for a compacting device that allows for a high Kompaktierungsrate and on the other hand, a large Kompaktierungsfaktor, so a large volume reduction, while reliable operation with long service lives. The Kompaktierungsrate, ie the number of maximum compactable per minute container, this conditional on the overall performance of a take-back system, because a reverse vending machine, the single compacting device is downstream, can accept packages only in speed, as the downstream compaction device can compact the container.

The GB-A-1127252 describes a compacting device for briquetting of powders or pastes, according to the preamble of claim 1 wherein the material is fed via a paddle wheel briquetting rollers. The paddle wheel is in this case mounted on a shaft on slides whose position can be adjusted via adjusting screws in the vertical direction.

The GB-A-115258 discloses a compacting apparatus for briquetting metal strips. A head part serves to feed the metal strips to rollers.

The JP-A-2000015487 discloses a compacting apparatus having three successively arranged roller pairs.

From the JP-A-2005111552 a compacting device is known in which two chain drives are arranged opposite to each other. The chain drives are designed to supply a container to a perforating tool.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a compacting apparatus which enables efficient operation at a high compaction rate and a large compaction factor.

This object is achieved by an article having the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the post-compacting unit are changeable relative to each other in their position along the insertion direction.

The present invention is based on the idea of forming a compacting device for multistage compaction with a compacting unit and a post-compacting unit downstream of the compacting unit. An inserted into the compacting device container is first transported through the Kompaktiereinheit and compacted there in a first stage. From the compacting unit, the container passes into the compacting unit downstream Nachkompaktiereinheit and is further compacted there.

In the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit in each case one or more propulsion devices are provided which provide for propulsion of the container in the insertion direction and convey the container first through the Kompaktiereinheit and then through the Nachkompaktiereinheit. By virtue of the fact that the at least one first advancing device of the compacting unit and the at least one second advancing device of the recompacting unit are changeable relative to each other in their position along the direction of insertion, it is achieved that a bundle conveyed from the compacting unit to the post-compacting unit can be compressed between the compacting unit and the post-compacting unit , Thus, it is possible to operate the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the postcompaction unit, for example at different speeds, so that a container is conveyed by the compacting unit, for example, faster to the postcompaction unit than the postcompaction unit can discharge the container. This causes the container between the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit is compressed, due to the variability of the position of the at least one first propulsion device and the at least two propulsion device to each other, the distance between the at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device changeable and thus a between the propulsion devices located compression space in its volume is variable.

The fact that the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the postcompaction unit can be changed in their position relative to each other along the insertion direction is to be understood here as meaning that the at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device move in the vertical direction along the Insertion can be adjusted in their overall position to each other. The distance between the at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device along the insertion direction is thus variable and changeable. In particular, the variability of the position does not mean that a propulsion means of the at least one first propulsion device or the at least one second propulsion device, for example a chain of a chain drive, can be driven and adjusted in normal operation. Such, a propulsion causing adjustment is not associated with a change in position of the propulsion devices to each other. The distance between the propulsion devices along the insertion direction thereby does not change.

Such a device for compacting conventional deposit disposable containers, for example, can be realized with a weight of less than 40 kg, which for the installation or replacement of the device in, for example, a reverse vending machine no lifting tools are required for installation by a fitter. The compacting device allows at high Kompaktierungsrate and a Kompaktierungsfaktor, at the same time a compacted container may have a shape that makes the container readily pourable.

The compacting unit has a first housing, on which the at least one propulsion device is arranged, and the postcompaction unit has a second housing, on which the at least one second propulsion device is arranged. The first housing and the second housing can then be mutually variable in their position along the insertion direction, so that the first housing and the second housing are variable in their position relative to one another. The first housing (the Kompaktiereinheit) and the second housing (the Nachkompaktiereinheit) can thus be adjusted to each other with the propulsion devices arranged thereon, so that in a compacting and thereby doing a compression of a container between the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit the first housing and the second housing along the insertion direction can move relative to each other. An upsetting space between the compacting unit and the Nachkompaktiereinheit is thus variable in size and can be increased when Hineinförderung a container in this compression space, which can significantly increase the efficiency of Kompaktiervorgangs and in particular also allows containers with different wall thickness (thin wall thickness as well as with thick wall thickness) to compact equally with high efficiency and large Kompaktierungsfaktor.

In order to enable an adjustability of the first housing and the second housing in a defined manner relative to each other, the first housing of the Kompaktiereinheit and the second housing of Nachkompaktiereinheit preferably guided along the insertion direction along each other.

The first housing and the second housing are in this case biased against each other by means of a resilient biasing device. The resilient biasing means counteracts a deflection of, for example, the second housing of the Nachkompaktiereinheit from a starting position out. In the starting position, the first housing and the second housing, for example, be approximated to each other. In a Kompaktierungsvorgang in which a container is conveyed by the Kompaktiereinheit in a compression space between the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktierein, forces may occur, trying to remove the first housing of the Kompaktiereinheit and the second housing Nachkompaktiereinheit from each other, but against the biasing forces the biasing device must be made. The biasing forces thus allow a variable extension of the compression space depending on the volume of the transported into the compression chamber container and contribute at the same time, by force on the container, for compaction. The pretensioning device, after a compacting process, also returns the housings to their initial position, so that after a compacting operation, the housings are automatically approximated to one another again.

In this connection, it should be noted that it is irrelevant to the realization of the present invention whether the first housing of the compacting unit or the second housing of the post-compacting unit or both the first housing and the second housing are adjusted. It is only essential that the first housing of the compacting unit and the second housing of Nachkompaktiereinheit are adjustable in position relative to each other.

In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the postcompaction unit form an upsetting space between them. This is to be understood as meaning that there is a space between the at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device into which the compacting unit conveys a container and from which the postcompaction unit discharges the container. The space is not necessarily physically sealed, but is by the propulsion devices and optionally by additional

Limiting means only limited so that it can effectively cause a compression of a conveyed into the compression space in the container. By changing the position of the at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device to each other while the size of the compression space is variable, so that in a compaction by adjusting the propulsion devices along the insertion direction to each other and thus by removing the propulsion devices from each other the compression space can be increased.

This makes it possible that, when conveying a container into the compression space, the compression space initially has a small volume into which the container is pressed. In the small-volume compression chamber the container is compressed, in which case when the volume of pressed into the compression chamber container exceeds the capacity of the compression space and can not be further compacted by the forces acting, the position of the propulsion devices to each other changed by the propulsion devices be removed from each other, so that increases the volume of the compression space. The enlargement of the volume takes place against the biasing forces of the resilient biasing device, which causes a further compaction of the additionally promoted into the compression space portion of the container. The compacted container is then removed by means of Nachkompaktiereinheit from the compression space and ejected from the Nachkompaktiereinheit as a compact container.

The compacting device preferably has a control device. In this case, the control device can in particular be designed to control the conveying speeds with which the propulsion devices of the compacting unit on the one hand and the post-compacting unit on the other hand cause propulsion. In particular, the at least one first advancing device of the compacting unit conveys a container having a first conveying speed and the at least one second advancing device of the aftercompaction unit conveys a compacted container out of the compression chamber with a second conveying speed. The first conveying speed and the second conveying speed are adjustable in this case and may preferably be different from each other, wherein preferably the first conveying speed is greater than the second conveying speed, in order thereby to achieve a blocking effect on the Nachkompaktiereinheit.

For example, it is conceivable that the first conveying speed is ten times the second conveying speed. The first propulsion device thus conveys a container into the compression space between the at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device with a conveying speed which far exceeds the conveying speed of the postcompaction unit, with which the compacted container is removed from the compression space. This has the effect that a container conveyed into the compression space is compressed in the compression space, because it is first held there and not immediately removed. Due to the reduced conveying speed of the at least one second propulsion device of the post-compacting unit, the compacted container is removed in a delayed manner after compression in the compression space.

By means of the control device, the conveying speeds of the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the postcompaction unit can be adjusted in a variable, desired manner. By controlling the conveying speeds, for example, a material jam can be remedied by directly dissipating a container conveyed into the storage space by aligning the conveying speed of the post-compacting unit with the conveying speed of the compacting unit so that no compression occurs within the compression space.

In a basic setting during normal operation, however, a factor of 10 between the conveying speeds of the compacting unit and the post-compacting unit may be provided, in principle also other factors, for example a factor 5 or a factor 3, being conceivable and possible, or a variable speed depending on different phases during a Kompaktiervorgangs is set.

In an advantageous embodiment, one or more first drive devices are provided for driving the at least one first propulsion device, which are different from one or more second drive devices, which serve to drive the at least one second propulsion device. The propulsion devices of the compacting unit on the one hand and the Nachkompaktiereinheit on the other hand are thus driven by different drive devices, the drive devices can be controlled by a common control device in their speed.

Furthermore, advantageously, a plurality of first propulsion devices and also a plurality of second propulsion devices can be provided. The plurality of first propulsion devices can be driven in this case by one or more first drive devices in a synchronous manner, wherein the synchronization between the drive devices can be done in a mechanical manner or in an electronic manner. In principle, each first propulsion unit can be assigned a first drive device, but it is also conceivable that a plurality of first propulsion devices is associated with a single first drive device which is synchronized with one or more further first drive devices to drive further first propulsion devices.

In an analogous manner, the second propulsion devices can be driven by one or more second drive devices in a synchronous manner, in turn, a synchronization can be done mechanically or electronically.

The at least one first propulsion device and the at least one second propulsion device are advantageously offset from one another in the circumferential direction about the insertion direction. If the compacting unit and the post-compacting unit each have a plurality of propulsion devices, these are preferably arranged in a gap relative to one another such that-viewed in the circumferential direction-a propulsion device of the compacting unit comes to rest between two first propulsion devices of the compacting unit and vice versa. For example, if six first propulsion devices and six second propulsion devices are provided, then the first propulsion devices and the second propulsion devices each have an angular spacing of 60 ° relative to one another. With an angular offset of 30 ° while the second propulsion devices are offset to the first propulsion devices.

In a specific embodiment of the compacting unit it is provided that the at least one first propulsion device is designed to convey the at least one container for compacting into a funnel formed by the compacting unit, which extends between an insertion opening and an ejection opening of the compacting unit and towards the ejection opening rejuvenated.

This is based on the idea to provide one or more propulsion devices on the compacting unit, which move a container thrown into the insertion opening of the compacting unit into a hopper of the compacting unit and convey through the funnel, wherein the tapering of the funnel results in a compaction, ie a volume reduction, of the container. At the ejection opening a compacted container is accordingly ejected, which is smaller in volume than the originally inserted container.

In the context of the present text, it should be understood that a funnel is formed on the compacting unit, that a space, into which the container is driven by the at least one first advancing device, tapers funnel-shaped from the throw-in opening to the ejection opening. It is not absolutely necessary that a hopper with a closed outer surface area is provided on the compacting unit. Rather, the funnel can be simulated, for example, by a plurality of first propulsion devices, so that the first propulsion devices limit a funnel-shaped space in that the first propulsion devices extend along a funnel enveloping the space. The spaces between the first propulsion devices can, as will be explained below, be closed or not.

Due to the fact that, when the container to be compacted is passed through the funnel by means of the at least one first advancing device, the container is compressed in several spatial directions at the same time - namely radially inwards towards the insertion direction - a multidimensional compaction takes place. By suitable shaping of the funnel and design of the at least one propulsion device, a high compaction rate can be achieved with a large compaction factor. In addition, the fact that compaction is achieved by compressing a container substantially radially to the insertion direction, the occurrence of a so-called white fracture on the compacted container is reduced (at least compared to a also referred to as "Flaken" compaction process in which a container when compacting in individual pieces is torn), which allows a large amount of material in the recycling of the container material.

The funnel has a first cross-sectional area at its ends facing the insertion opening and a second cross-sectional area at an end facing the ejection opening, wherein the first cross-sectional area is greater than the second cross-sectional area and the funnel thus tapers toward the ejection opening. The funnel may in this case be, for example, at least approximately frusto-conical with a circular, facing towards the ejection opening End tapered cross section. However, the funnel can also deviate from the pure conical shape and, for example, in cross-section polygonal, for example, four, five or hexagonal, be formed.

Preferably, the compacting unit has more than one, advantageously more than two first propulsion devices, which are arranged in the circumferential direction about the insertion direction around the hopper. The propulsion devices are advantageously uniformly distributed around the funnel and preferably form the funnel itself by extending along a funnel-enveloping (imaginary) lateral surface and thus simulating the shape of a funnel.

The fact that a container when inserting into the compacting unit is inserted into a funnel, around which preferably several propulsion devices are arranged, unnecessary additional measures that would otherwise be required for centering and aligning a container. In particular, a container drawn into the funnel automatically adjusts and aligns with its longitudinal axis at least approximately along the longitudinal axis of the funnel, so that automatically takes place centering and orientation of the container.

Advantageously, the compacting unit may e.g. have three, four, five or six propulsion devices which are arranged around a funnel-shaped space and between them form the funnel in this way. Six propulsion devices can be provided, for example, to obtain an advantageous, strong, reliable intake with high propulsive force on a container. Five propulsion devices can be provided in order to obtain a funnel which has as small a cross-sectional area in the region of its tapered end (the so-called "clearance space"). The smaller the cross-sectional area at the tapered end of the funnel, the smaller the achievable cross-section of the compacted container and the larger the compaction factor in the radial direction.

The one or more first propulsion devices of the compacting unit are advantageously arranged at an angle to the insertion direction (corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the funnel), which may be, for example, between 10 ° and 40 °, advantageously between 15 ° and 25 °, eg 20 °. This means that the first propulsion devices each generate a propulsion force which is not directed along the insertion direction but at an angle to the insertion direction. The propulsion force acts preferably along the lateral surface of the funnel in the Funnel into it, wherein in total of the propulsive forces of several first propulsion devices preferably results in a resulting propulsion force, which is directed along the insertion direction.

The at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit ensures that the containers thrown into the insertion opening are conveyed into the funnel in the direction of insertion and in this way compacted in the compacting unit in a multi-dimensional manner by compression, in particular radially to the insertion direction. As a result of the fact that the propulsion device conveys the containers into the funnel, the latter is moved in the direction of insertion into the funnel and through the funnel, the insertion direction corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the funnel, around which the funnel with its (imaginary) lateral surface extends ,

The compacting unit preferably has more than one, in particular more than two first propulsion devices, which are arranged in the circumferential direction about the insertion direction around a funnel. In an analogous manner, the Nachkompaktiereinheit may have more than one, preferably more than two second propulsion devices, wherein in an advantageous embodiment, the number of propulsion devices of Nachkompaktiereinheit corresponds to the number of propulsion devices of the Kompaktiereinheit. The propulsion devices of the post-compacting unit, for example three, four, five, six or more propulsion devices, are, like the propulsion devices in the compacting unit, preferably equally spaced - viewed in the circumferential direction about the insertion direction.

In a specific embodiment, the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit can be formed by a chain drive formed of chain links, which is designed to move in a propulsion direction along an outer surface of the hopper during operation of the compaction device such that the at least one container in the Insertion is fed into the funnel and thereby compacted in a multi-dimensional manner. The chain drive is clamped, for example via a first sprocket and a second sprocket on the housing of Kompaktiereinheit such that extends at least a portion of the chain drive along the outer surface of the hopper and by moving in the advancing direction a propelling force on a thrown-in container into the hopper , that is, to its rejuvenated end, causes. The sprockets are hereby arranged on the housing and rotatable, so that the chain drive can be moved by driving one or both sprockets.

In an analogous manner, the at least one second propulsion device of the post-compacting unit may be formed by a chain drive formed by chain links, wherein the chain drive is adapted to convey the at least one container in the insertion direction, in particular from a compression space between the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the Nachkompaktiereinheit out. The second propulsion devices advantageously do not describe a funnel in the manner of the first propulsion devices of the compacting unit, but rather a guide channel extending along the insertion direction. With promotion by this guide channel no (substantial) further compaction takes place. The Nachkompaktierung takes place in particular in the compression space between the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit.

In each case piercing tools, for example in the form of spikes, are preferably arranged on the at least one first advancing device and / or on the at least one second advancing device, which engage with the container during delivery of a container through the compacting unit and then through the secondary compacting unit and thereto into the container.

Due to the fact that the propulsion devices act on a container to be compacted for propulsion and optionally pierce the container with a mandrel or other piercing tool, sharp edges on the compacted container can be avoided or at least reduced, so that an advantageous shape of the compacted container results, which allows an advantageous bed and layering, without that compacted container hooked together.

By means of suitable puncturing tools can also be achieved that on a container, such as a disposable plastic bottle, attached control mark, such as a token, is destroyed, so that a recycling of the control mark is impossible. This can be achieved, in particular, by arranging a plurality of piercing tools and / or a plurality of piercing tools on one advancing device one or more piercing tools, so that an irreversible destruction of the container on walls of the entire container is achieved.

Through the puncture tools, a propulsion of a container inserted into the compacting device can be effected in an efficient manner. In addition, it is also achieved by perforation of a container by means of a suitable piercing tool during compaction that air can escape from the container to be compacted, so that compression of the container is easily possible.

If the at least one (first or second) propulsion device is configured as a chain drive, then in each case a puncturing tool can be attached at regular intervals to the individual chain links. In this case, provision may be made for a puncturing tool to be arranged on the at least one first advancing device only on every second chain link, while a puncturing tool is provided on each chain link on the at least one second advancing device. The distance between the puncture tools on the at least one first propulsion device is thus twice as large as the distance between the puncture tools on the at least one second propulsion device. This has the advantageous effect that, although a container is reliably conveyed into the compression space between the compacting unit and the post-compacting unit, it is not excessively destroyed during compression by the piercing tools of the first propulsion devices. By means of the second propulsion devices of Nachkompaktiereinheit can then be discharged after compression, the compacted container from the compression space, due to the reduced conveying speed of the second propulsion equipment, the risk of (excessive) destruction of a container and, for example, a formation of whitewash is reduced.

It has to be mentioned above that the at least one first propulsion device of the compacting unit and the at least one second propulsion device of the postcompaction unit do not necessarily have to be formed as a chain drive. Conceivable and possible are generally propulsion devices having a along a propulsion direction to moving tension member, for example, a belt, a belt, a belt, a rope or the like, which is designed as pliable, (exclusively) tensile forces transmitting element, and a propulsion of a container through a Kompaktiereinheit or a Nachkompaktiereinheit can effect. By means of the first propulsion devices of the compacting unit, the container is conveyed by moving a tension member along the lateral surface of an insertion funnel into the funnel. By a tension member the second propulsion device Nachkompaktiereinheit the container is then discharged after compression in the compression space between the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit in the insertion direction.

Conceivable, in principle, but also quite different propulsion devices, such as jacking screws or jacking rollers.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kompaktierungsvorrichtung mit einer Kompaktiereinheit und einer der Kompaktiereinheit nachgeordneten Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische, teilweise freigeschnittene Ansicht der Kompaktierungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische, weiter freigeschnittene Ansicht der Kompaktierungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 4

eine andere perspektivische, teilweise freigeschnittene Ansicht der Kompaktierungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht der Kompaktierungsvorrichtung von unten;

Fig. 6A

eine gesonderte Ansicht der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 6B

eine Ansicht der Nachkompaktiereinheit, ohne ein Gehäuse;

Fig. 6C

eine weitere Ansicht der Nachkompaktiereinheit, ohne das Gehäuse;

Fig. 7A

eine gesonderte Ansicht von Vortriebseinrichtungen der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 7B

eine andere Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 8

eine gesonderte Ansicht einer Vortriebseinrichtung in Form eines Kettentriebs der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 9A

eine Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Nachkompaktiereinheit von unten;

Fig. 9B

eine Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Nachkompaktiereinheit von oben;

Fig. 10A

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Kompaktiereinheit und der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 10B

eine andere perspektivische Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Kompaktiereinheit und der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 11A

eine Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Kompaktiereinheit und der Nachkompaktiereinheit von unten;

Fig. 11B

eine Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Kompaktiereinheit und der Nachkompaktiereinheit von oben;

Fig. 12

eine Draufsicht auf die Kompaktierungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 13A

eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A gemäß Fig. 12;

Fig. 13B

eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A gemäß Fig. 12, in einem verstellten Zustand der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 13C

eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie B-B gemäß Fig. 12;

Fig. 14A

eine schematische Ansicht der Vortriebseinrichtungen der Kompaktiereinheit und der Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 14B

eine schematische Ansicht der Kompaktiereinheit von oben;

Fig. 15

eine schematische Ansicht einer Vortriebseinrichtung der Kompaktiereinheit und einer Vortriebseinrichtung der Nachkompaktiereinheit; und

Fig. 16

eine schematische Ansicht der Kompaktiereinheit und der Nachkompaktiereinheit, darstellend die Lageveränderbarkeit.

The idea underlying the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a compacting device with a Kompaktiereinheit and a Kompaktiereinheit downstream Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 2

a perspective, partially cutaway view of the compaction device;

Fig. 3

a perspective, further cutaway view of the compaction device;

Fig. 4

another perspective, partially cutaway view of the compaction device;

Fig. 5

a view of the compaction device from below;

Fig. 6A

a separate view of Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 6B

a view of Nachkompaktiereinheit, without a housing;

Fig. 6C

another view of Nachkompaktiereinheit, without the housing;

Fig. 7A

a separate view of propulsion devices of Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 7B

another view of the propulsion of Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 8

a separate view of a propulsion device in the form of a chain drive the Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 9A

a view of the propulsion of the Nachkompaktiereinheit from below;

Fig. 9B

a view of the propulsion devices of Nachkompaktiereinheit from above;

Fig. 10A

a perspective view of the propulsion of the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 10B

another perspective view of the propulsion of the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 11A

a bottom view of the propulsion of the compacting and Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 11B

a view of the propulsion of the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit from above;

Fig. 12

a plan view of the compacting device;

Fig. 13A

a sectional view taken along the line AA according to Fig. 12 ;

Fig. 13B

a sectional view taken along the line AA according to Fig. 12 in an adjusted state of the post-compacting unit;

Fig. 13C

a sectional view taken along the line BB according to Fig. 12 ;

Fig. 14A

a schematic view of the propulsion of the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit;

Fig. 14B

a schematic view of the Kompaktiereinheit from above;

Fig. 15

a schematic view of a propulsion device of the Kompaktiereinheit and a propulsion device of Nachkompaktiereinheit; and

Fig. 16

a schematic view of the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit representing the Lageveränderbarkeit.

Fig. 1 to 13 show an embodiment of a compacting device 1, which has a Kompaktiereinheit 3 for conveying a container G in an insertion direction E and for compacting the container G in the Kompaktiereinheit 3 and one of the Kompaktiereinheit 3 in the insertion direction E downstream Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 for further compacting the container G.

The compacting unit 3 and the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 realize different units that cooperate to compact a container G.

The Kompaktiereinheit 3 has six propulsion devices 4, which are formed by chain drives 40 (see Fig. 1 and 2 ). The chain drives 40 are mounted on bearing plates 34 of a housing 32 via sprockets 412 and have chains formed from chain links 400, which are arranged on the sprockets 412. The chain drives 40 together with guide surfaces 36 form a funnel and are to be driven in such a way that a container G can be introduced through an insertion opening 300 into the funnel in order to be conveyed through the compacting unit 3 by means of the chain drive 40.

The insertion opening 300 is arranged on a cover plate 30 of the housing 32 and has a cross-sectional area A1 (see Figs. 14A and 14B ) on. The limited by the guide surfaces 36 and the propulsion devices 4 in the form of the chain drives 40 lateral surface M of the funnel T (see Fig. 14A ) tapers in the insertion direction E up to a cross-sectional area A2 at the outlet end of the funnel T (see Figs. 14A and 14B ). By conveying the container G through the funnel T through the container G is compacted, so reduced in volume.

The compacting unit 3 has in the illustrated embodiment, three drive devices 2A, of which in Fig. 2 only one is visible. The drive devices 2A each have an electric motor 20A, which has two drive wheels 23A via a drive shaft 21A and a gear 22A arranged thereon drives. The gears 23 A are each fixedly connected to a bevel gear 24 A, which in turn is in meshing engagement with a bevel gear 410. The bevel gear 410 is disposed on a shaft 41 of the upper sprocket 412 of a propulsion device 4 and fixedly connected to the sprocket 412 via the shaft 41.

The drive shaft 20A further communicates with a gear 25A in mesh with an internally toothed ring gear 26. The ring gear 26 revolves around the Kompaktiereinheit 3 and serves to synchronize the three different drive devices 2A together by all the drive devices 2A are mechanically coupled to each other via the ring gear 26 and thus can move only uniformly.

In operation, the drive shaft 21A and gear 22Aa disposed thereon are rotated by the electric motor 20A. Thereby, the gears 23A and the associated bevel gears 24A are also set in a rotational movement, which is transmitted via the bevel gears 410 on the shafts 41 and thus the sprockets 412 left and right of the bevel gears 24A. Characterized in that the drive shaft 21 A continues via the gear 25A with the ring gear 26 in meshing engagement and thereby the movement of the drive devices 2A is synchronized with each other, all chain drives 40 are driven in a uniform, rectified manner, so that in the insertion direction E in the Insertion opening 300 inserted container G is conveyed into the compacting unit 3 inside.

Downstream of the compacting unit 3 is the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5. As out Figs. 3 to 6A-6C can be seen, the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5, corresponding to the number of propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3, six propulsion devices 6, which are also formed by chain drives 60 with a chain of chain links 600. The propulsion devices 6 are arranged and mounted on a housing 50 of the Nachkompaktiereinheit 3, wherein each chain drive 60, as shown in FIG Fig. 8 can be seen, a sprocket 602, which is in engagement with the chain links 600 formed chain, as well as a guide member 62 with a guide rail 120, on which the chain is guided.

The Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 has - analogous to the Kompaktiereinheit 3 - three drive devices 51A, 51B, 51C, each comprising an electric motor 511A, 511B, 511C (see, eg Fig. 6C ). The electric motors 511A, 511B, 511C stand each via a drive wheel 510A, 510B, 510C with an internally toothed ring gear 53 in meshing engagement over which the drive devices 51A, 51B, 51C are synchronized with each other and with drive trains 52A, 52B, 52C in operative connection.

Each driveline 52A, 52B, 52C is associated with two propulsion devices 6, each driveline 52A, 52B, 52C being disposed between each two propulsion devices 6 (viewed circumferentially about the direction of insertion E). Each driveline 52A, 52B, 52C faces as shown Fig. 3 to 5 can be seen, a gear 520A, 520B, 520C, which is arranged on a shaft 521 A and is in meshing engagement with the internal toothed ring 53. On the shaft 521 A, a gear 522A is arranged, which is in engagement with two gears 523A. The gears 523A are each disposed on a shaft 524A, on which a bevel gear 525A is held, which is in engagement with a bevel gear 610 of the associated propulsion device 6. The bevel gear 610 is arranged on a shaft 61 and connected via this to the sprocket 602 of the respective chain drive 60, so that upon rotation of the bevel gear 610 the sprocket 602 is driven and above the chain drive 60 is moved.

In the bottom view according to Fig. 5 One sees the three drive wheels 510A, 510B, 510C, which are respectively connected to an electric motor 511A, 511B, 511C, and the gears 520A, 520B, 520C, over which the drive trains 52A, 52B, 52C are driven.

In operation, via the three circumferentially offset electric motors 511A, 511B, 511C of the driving devices 51A, 51B, 51C, the ring gear 53 is rotated, and above that, the gears 520A, 520B, 520C are driven. Thus, the gears 523A and the bevel gears 525A also move, which in turn drive the bevel gears 610 and thus the sprockets 602 of the associated chain drives 60.

The propulsion movement of the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 and the propulsion devices 6 of the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 is controlled by a control device 7, which schematically in Fig. 1 is shown. The control device 7 controls the conveying speeds V1, V2 (s. Fig. 14A ) of the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 on the one hand and the propulsion devices 6 of the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 on the other.

For example, the control device 7 controls the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 and the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5 such that the conveying speed V1 of the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 is greater (for example by a factor of 10) than the conveying speed V2 of the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5. This has the effect that a container G thrown into the compacting unit 3 is conveyed through the compacting unit 3 into an upsetting space R between the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 and the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5 and there, due to the reduced conveying speed V2 of the propulsion devices 6 of FIG Nachkompaktiereinheit 5, is compressed because the container G is discharged only at a reduced speed. Due to the compression of the container G, which has already been compacted in the radial direction transverse to the insertion direction G in a multi-dimensional manner according to the shape of the hopper T, compressed in its length along the insertion direction E, so that the container G on compacted and formed into a compact container.

The propulsion devices 4 with their chains formed by the chain links 400 in a propulsion direction V (s. Fig. 14A ) to thereby convey a container G into the compacting unit. The propulsion devices 6 move in the same direction for conveying a container G through the post-compacting unit 5 into a propulsion direction V ', wherein the conveying speed V1 of the compacting unit 3 and the conveying speed V2 of the post-compacting unit 5 can be different and controlled by the control device 7.

How out Figs. 7A and 7B can be seen, the propulsion devices 6 of Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 in the circumferential direction about the insertion direction E equidistantly spaced from each other. How farther Figs. 10A and 10B It can also be seen that the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 are equally spaced from one another in the circumferential direction, the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 and the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5 being arranged offset from each other.

As in Figs. 11A and 11B shown, the propulsion devices 6 of Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 at an angle α to each other, while the propulsion devices 4 of the Kompaktiereinheit 3 at an angle β to each other are arranged. The propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 3 are arranged on a gap along the bisecting line between the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3. This results in the illustrated example with six propulsion devices 6 of Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 and six propulsion devices 4 of the Kompaktiereinheit 3, an angular distance α between the propulsion devices 6 Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 of 60 ° and an angular distance β between the propulsion devices 4 of the Kompaktiereinheit 3 also 60 °, wherein there is an angular offset of 30 ° between the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5 and the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3.

Due to the angular offset between the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5 and the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3, the volume of the compression space R between the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 and the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5 in an initial state can be comparatively small because the chains of the propulsion devices 4 the compacting unit 3 and the propulsion device 6 of the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 can move independently, without obstructing each other.

At the chains of the chain transmission 40, 60 forming chain links 400, 600 (see Fig. 8 and Fig. 10B ) are each piercing tools 401, 601 arranged in the form of thorns, which serve to engage with a thrown into the compacting unit 3 container G and to perforate the container G at least partially. The puncture tools 401 serve to transfer their propulsion on the one hand in a suitable manner to the container G and on the other hand perforate the container G so that air from the inner container G can escape and the container G can be effectively compacted.

In the illustrated embodiment, a piercing tool 401 is arranged in the form of a mandrel on each chain link 400 of each chain of a propulsion device 4, 6. In an advantageous embodiment, however, it can also be provided that the chain drives 40 of the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 only carry a piercing tool 401 on every second chain link 400, for example on each outer link, while the chain drives 60 of the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5 on each chain link 600 a piercing tool 601 in the form of a mandrel. The density of the piercing tools 401, 601 is thus greater at the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5 than at the Propulsion devices 400 of the compacting 3. This can have the advantageous effect that the piercing tools 401 due to the increased speed V1 of the propulsion devices 4 of the Kompaktiereinheit 3 does not lead to excessive destruction of the container G in promotion in the compression space R hine and the propulsion devices 6 Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 can remove the container G in an efficient manner from the compression space R.

In order to further increase the efficiency of compacting in cooperation of the compacting unit 3 and the post-compacting unit 5, the compacting unit 3 and the post-compacting unit 5 are arranged along the insertion direction E vertically along a stroke direction H (see FIG Fig. 13A and 13B ) adjustable to each other. Advantageously, in this case the compacting unit 3 can be kept stationary, while the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 along the stroke direction H to the Kompaktiereinheit 3 is changeable in their position. In principle, however, the compacting unit 3 can also be adjustable instead of the post-compacting unit 5 or in addition to the post-compacting unit 5.

Due to the adjustability of the compacting unit 3 and the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 to each other, the position of the Kompaktiereinheit 3 and Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 to each other in a compacting be changed. For this purpose, the housing 32 of the compacting unit 3 is longitudinally engaging in guide bushes 37 guide pin 54 (see Fig. 6A and 16 ) guided on the housing 50 of the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5, so that the Kompaktiereinheit 3 and the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 in a defined manner in their position are mutually variable.

In an initial position the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 of the compacting unit 3 is approximated, so that the compression space R between the propulsion devices 4 of the Kompaktiereinheit 3 and the propulsion devices 6 Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 has a minimum volume. In the direction of this initial position, the post-compacting unit 5 by means of a biasing device 8 (shown schematically in FIG Fig. 16 ) biased relative to the compacting unit 3, so that after a deflection from the starting position the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 is also automatically returned to its original position.

In a compacting process, a container G is conveyed through the compacting unit 3 and moved into the compression space R between the compacting unit 3 and the post-compacting unit 5. Because the propulsion devices 6 of Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 with reduced speed V2 against the Propulsion devices 4 of the compacting 3 run, this leads to a compression of the container G in the compression space R, which causes the container G is successively pressed into the compression space R. If the volume of the container G pressed into the compression space R is greater than the capacity of the compression space R in the starting position of the post-compacting unit 5, the post-compacting unit 5 is displaced relative to the compacting unit 3 in the lifting direction H against the spring-biasing force of the pretensioning device 8 and thus out of its position Initial situation deflected. This allows the container G - regardless of its wall thickness - can be completely conveyed into the compression space R and thereby compacted due to the conveying effect of the propulsion devices 4 and the compression effect in the compression space R in an effective manner. The compacted container G is then conveyed out of the compression space R by means of the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5 in a delayed manner and as a compacted container G "(see Fig. 1 ) ejected from the compacting device 1.

Containers G ", which are ejected from the post-compacting unit 5, have a sphere-like shape, which has the advantage that in this way compacted containers G" have a good bulk and layer behavior. In particular, the outer surface of the container G "is approximately smooth, so that the risk of entanglement with other containers G" - which would affect the bulk behavior - is low.

The controller 7 may also effect an intelligent control.

For example, the control device 7 can cause that when a container G is jammed in the compacting unit 3, the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 are automatically driven in the reverse direction, so that a container G is ejected from the compacting unit 3 again. If, on the other hand, it is determined that a container G has passed the compacting unit 3 and has been pressed into the stuffer box R, but an excessive deflection of the recompacting unit 5 occurs (for example beyond a predetermined threshold value), then the conveying speed V2 of the post-compacting unit 5 can the conveying speed V1 of the compacting unit 3 are equalized, so that the container G is easily conveyed out of the Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 and in particular without further compression.

Moreover, it is also conceivable that the control device 7 only activates the post-compacting unit 5 to drive the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5 when deflection of the post-compacting unit 5 occurs due to compression of a bundle G in the compression space R. The compacting unit 3 thus promotes a container G in the compression space R at initially stationary propulsion devices 6 of Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 inside. Only after a deflection of Nachkompaktiereinheit 5 in the stroke direction H, the propulsion devices 6 are set in motion and thus the compacted container G out of the compression space.

The chain drives 40 of the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3 and also the chain drives 60 of the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5 are spanned between sprockets 412 or, in the case of the propulsion devices 6 of the postcompaction unit 5, on a guide element 62 guided. In order to ensure that the chain tension of the chain drives 40, 60 is always sufficiently large, a means for length compensation for adjusting the chain tension can be provided on each chain drive 40, 60.

Thus, on each chain drive 40 of the propulsion devices 4 of the compacting unit 3, a guide element 46 may be provided, which has two mutually preloaded by a biasing device 463 biased portions 461, 462, which cause a tension of the chain drive 40 and at a possible elongation of a chain drive 40, an automatic Achieve tensioning. The chain drive 40 thus always has a sufficiently large voltage.

In an analogous manner, also on each chain drive 60 of the propulsion devices 6 of the post-compacting unit 5, the guide element 62 has two sections 621, 622 which are prestressed against each other via a pretensioner 623 and thus cause an automatic retightening of the chain drive 60 during a possible chain elongation during operation.

The biasing means 463, 623 may be designed so that only a distance of the respective sections 461, 462, 621, 622 from each other is possible, but not a return of the distances 461, 462, 621, 622 to each other. The sections 461, 462 and 621, 622 can thus only be removed from one another, but after a successful re-tensioning of the chain drive 40, 60 they can not be brought back together. Such length compensation devices are well known, for example as rope length compensation devices in cable window lifts in motor vehicles.

The idea underlying the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can in principle be realized even in completely different types of embodiments.

In particular, the propulsion devices are not necessarily designed as chain drives. It is also conceivable to use for the propulsion devices of the compacting unit and the post-compacting unit, for example, propulsion devices using straps, belts, ropes or belts or other tension members for transmitting tensile forces.

Likewise, the compacting unit and the post-compacting unit may in principle also have a different number of propulsion devices.

Also, the number of propulsion devices of the compacting unit and the number of propulsion devices of the post-compacting unit are not necessarily identical. The compacting unit and the post-compacting unit can in principle also have different numbers of propulsion devices.

In addition, other configurations of drive devices are conceivable. For example, the Kompaktiereinheit and the Nachkompaktiereinheit each have only a single drive device, which in principle is also conceivable that the Kompaktiereinheit and Nachkompaktiereinheit use a common drive device.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

compacting

2A

driving device

20A

electric motor

21 A

drive shaft

22A, 23A

Pinion

24A

bevel gear

25A

gear

26

sprocket

3

compacting

30

cover plate

300

deposit slot

31

ground

32

casing

34

bearing plates

36

guide surface

37

bearing bush

4

propulsor

40

chain drive

400

link

401

Grooving tool (mandrel)

41

wave

410

bevel gear

412

Sprocket

46

guide element

461, 462

section

463

biasing means

5

Nachkompaktiereinheit

50

casing

51A, 51B, 51C

driving device

510A, 510B, 510C

drive wheel

511A, 511B, 511C

electric motor

52A, 52B, 52C

powertrain

520A, 520B, 520C

gear

521A

wave

522A, 523A

gear

524A

wave

525A

bevel gear

53

sprocket

54

spigot

6

propulsor

60

chain drive

600

link

601

Grooving tool (mandrel)

602

Sprocket

61

wave

610

bevel gear

62

guide element

620

guideway

621, 622

section

623

biasing means

7

control device

8th

biasing means

α, β

angle

A1, A2

Cross sectional area

G"

After compacted container

H

stroke direction

M

lateral surface

R

deformation space

S

axis of rotation

T

funnel

V, V '

drive direction

V1, V2

conveyor speed

Claims (13)

1. Compacting apparatus (1) for compacting receptacles, having

   - a compacting unit (3) which has at least one first advancing device (4) for transporting at least one receptacle (G) in an insertion direction (E), wherein the compacting unit (3) is configured to compact the at least one receptacle (G) while it is being transported in the insertion direction (E), and

   - a post-compacting unit (5) arranged downstream of the compacting unit (3) in the insertion direction (E), said post-compacting unit (5) having at least one second advancing device (6) for transporting the at least one receptacle (G) through the post-compacting unit (5), wherein the post-compacting unit (5) is configured to compact the at least one receptacle (G) further,

   wherein
   the positions of the at least one first advancing device (4) of the compacting unit (3) and of the at least one second advancing device (6) of the post-compacting unit (5) are changeable with respect to one another in the insertion direction (E), characterized in that the compacting unit (3) has a first housing (32) on which the at least one first advancing device (4) is arranged, and the post-compacting unit (5) has a second housing (50) on which the at least one second advancing device (6) is arranged, wherein the positions of the first housing (32) and the second housing (50) are changeable with respect to one another in the insertion direction (E) a spring-elastic pretensioning device (8) and in that pretensions the first housing (32) and the second housing (50) against changing position with respect to one another in the insertion direction (E).
2. Compacting apparatus (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first housing (32) of the compacting unit (3) and the second housing (50) of the post-compacting unit (5) are guided longitudinally together in the insertion direction (E) .
3. Compacting apparatus (1) according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first advancing device (4) of the compacting unit (3) and the at least one second advancing device (6) of the post-compacting unit (5) form a compression space (R) between one another, wherein the at least one first advancing device (4) of the compacting unit (3) is configured to convey the at least one receptacle (G) into the compression space (R), and the at least one second advancing device (6) of the post-compacting unit (5) is configured to convey the at least one receptacle (G) out of the compression space (R), and the size of the compression space (R) is changeable by changing the position of the at least one first advancing device (4) and of the at least one second advancing device (6) with respect to one another.
4. Compacting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control device (7), wherein the at least one first advancing device (4) of the compacting unit (3) is operable at a first conveying speed (V1) for conveying the at least one receptacle (G) and the at least one second advancing device (6) of the post-compacting unit (5) is operable at a second conveying speed (V2) for conveying the at least one receptacle (G) and the control device (7) is configured to control the first conveying speed (V1) and the second conveying speed (V2).
5. Compacting apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a first drive apparatus (2A-2C) for driving the at least one first advancing device (4) and a second drive apparatus (51A-51C), different than the first drive apparatus (2A-2C), for driving the at least one second advancing device (6).
6. Compacting apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the first drive apparatus (2) is operatively connected to a plurality of first advancing devices (4) in order to synchronously drive the first advancing devices (4) and/or the second drive apparatus (2) is operatively connected to a plurality of second advancing devices (6) in order to synchronously drive the second advancing devices (6).
7. Compacting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first advancing device (4) and the at least one second advancing device (6) are arranged in an offset manner with respect to one another in the circumferential direction around the insertion direction (E).
8. Compacting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first advancing device (4) of the compacting unit (3) is configured to convey the at least one receptacle (G) for compacting into a hopper (T) formed by the compacting unit (3).
9. Compacting apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the compacting unit (3) has more than one, preferably more than two first advancing devices (4), which are arranged in the circumferential direction around the insertion direction (E) around the hopper (T).
10. Compacting apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first advancing device (4) of the compacting unit (3) is formed by a chain drive (40) formed from chain links (400), wherein the chain drive (40) is configured to move in an advancing direction (V) along an outer lateral surface (M) of a hopper (T) during operation of the compacting apparatus (1) such that the at least one receptacle (G) is conveyed into the hopper (T) in the insertion direction (E).
11. Compacting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one second advancing device (6) of the post-compacting unit (5) is formed by a chain drive (60) formed from chain links (600), wherein the chain drive (60) is configured to transport the at least one receptacle (G) further in the insertion direction (E).
12. Compacting apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a piercing tool (401) for piercing the at least one receptacle (G) is arranged on the at least one first advancing device (4) and/or on the at least one second advancing device (6).
13. Compacting apparatus (1) according to Claim 12, characterized in that a piercing tool (401) is arranged on every second chain link (400) on the at least one first advancing device (4), which is formed by a chain drive (40) having chain links (400), while a piercing tool (601) is arranged on every chain link (600) on the at least one second advancing device (6), which is formed by a chain drive (60) having chain links (600).

Images