EP2692018A1 - Structures antennaires associant des métamatériaux - Google Patents
Structures antennaires associant des métamatériauxInfo
- Publication number
- EP2692018A1 EP2692018A1 EP12709129.6A EP12709129A EP2692018A1 EP 2692018 A1 EP2692018 A1 EP 2692018A1 EP 12709129 A EP12709129 A EP 12709129A EP 2692018 A1 EP2692018 A1 EP 2692018A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- radome
- metamaterial
- connector
- split
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of electromagnetic waves, preferably in the range of Ultra High Frequencies (or “UHF” for “Ultra High Frequency” in English) (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and Microwave frequencies (3 GHz at 300 GHz).
- Ultra High Frequencies or "UHF” for "Ultra High Frequency” in English
- Microwave frequencies 3 GHz at 300 GHz
- the invention relates to a metamaterial structure comprising elementary blocks of metamaterial, and an antenna system (also hereinafter referred to as an antenna structure) using such a metamaterial structure as an antenna radome.
- the invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to all antenna systems for which it is desired to increase the directivity and the antenna gain and to minimize rear and side radiation.
- the invention applies to antennas of RFID base stations in the UHF band.
- metamaterials Recent years have seen a strong interest in metamaterials.
- the concept of metamaterial is well known and is discussed, for example, in J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2075-2084, 1999.
- metamaterials are by definition metallo-dielectric composite media. These are periodic structures, the constituent elements of which are metallic inclusions of very small dimensions in front of the wavelength ( ⁇ / 10).
- Electrical metamaterials are metamaterials that have electrical behavior and are likely to have a negative permittivity ( ⁇ ) in a given frequency spectrum.
- the most known electrical metamaterials are those formed by a network of metal rods.
- Magnetic metamaterials are metamaterials that have a magnetic behavior and are likely to have a negative ( ⁇ ) permeability in a given frequency spectrum.
- the most known magnetic metamaterials are those formed by a network of square or circular split ring resonators (or "SRR" for "Split Ring Resonator”).
- the left-hand materials are metamaterials that are likely to have a permittivity ( ⁇ ) and permeability ( ⁇ ) simultaneously negative in a given frequency spectrum.
- the best-known left-hand materials are those formed by the combination of a network of metal rods and a network of split-ring resonators. With such materials on the left hand, it is thus possible to obtain quite unusual propagation phenomena, such as opposite phase and group velocities, inverted doppler effects, a negative refractive index, etc.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a left-hand material radome based on split-ring resonators and conductive ribbons. For the sake of clarity, only one half of the antenna system is shown in Figure 1.
- the antenna system 10 comprises:
- an antenna 110 comprising:
- a carrier structure 11 comprising a mass 12 (or ground plane) and a layer 13 of dielectric and / or magnetic material disposed on the ground 12;
- a radiating element 14 disposed on the supporting structure 11; and a radome 15.
- the radome 15 extends above the antenna 110.
- the radome 15 is separated from the antenna 110 by a volume 16 consisting, for example, of air or dielectric material and / or magnetic.
- the radome 15 includes a left hand material structure.
- the left-hand material structure comprises a plurality of elementary blocks 17 arranged in rows and columns in a matrix. Each elementary block 17 comprises a split ring resonator and a conductive strip.
- Figure 2 illustrates a possible example of an elementary block of left-hand material based on split-ring resonator and conductive tape.
- the elementary block of left-hand material 20 comprises a first support 21 of dielectric material comprising an upper face 22 on which is disposed a split-ring resonator 24, and a lower face 23 on which a first linear metal ribbon 25 is arranged.
- the elementary block 20 comprises a second support 26 of dielectric material comprising a lower face 27 on which is disposed a second linear metal strip 28.
- the two supports 21 and 26 are separated by an air layer 29.
- the split ring resonator 24 comprises an inner split square 241 and an outer split square 242.
- the width of the slot of each square split is about 0.3mm.
- the width of the different metal tracks is about 0.3 mm.
- the spacing between the inner 241 and outer 242 split squares is about 0.3mm.
- the volume of an elementary block 20 is approximately 3.3 x 3.3 x 4.5 mm 3 and the periodicity of the metamaterial structure is approximately 3.63 mm in the plane and 4.5 mm deep. .
- the method of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave diffraction pattern and to increase the directivity and gain of the antenna 101, while reducing the sidelobe and sidelobe levels. back radiation. This is particularly described in detail in the document Shah Nawaz Burokur, Mohamed Latrach, and Serge Toutain "Theoretical Investigation of a Circular Patch Antenna in the Presence of a Left-Handed Medium", IEEE Trans. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol 4, pp. 183-186, 2005.
- this left-hand material structure based on split-ring resonators and conductive ribbons has several disadvantages.
- One of the disadvantages of this left-hand material structure based on split ring resonators and conductive ribbons is that it only works with linear polarization antennas. In other words, this structure can not be used in circular polarization.
- the left-hand material structure (forming the antenna radome) is simple to implement, and that it has the lowest possible cost.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an elementary block of left-hand material based on S-shaped resonators (arranged on one side of a support made of dielectric material) and inverted S-shaped resonators (arranged on the other face of the support).
- S-shaped resonators arranged on one side of a support made of dielectric material
- inverted S-shaped resonators arranged on the other face of the support.
- the particularity of this type of resonator 30 is that it has a double resonance, magnetic and electrical, without requiring the implementation of small slots and an additional network of metal rods.
- a left-hand material structure based on S-shaped resonators has a good simplicity of implementation.
- it has the disadvantage of not working in the case where the polarization of the antenna is circular.
- the invention in at least one embodiment, is intended in particular to overcome these various disadvantages of the state of the art.
- an objective is to provide a metamaterial structure having a simplicity of realization in industrial form, while being compatible with many applications.
- At least one particular embodiment of the invention aims to provide such a metamaterial structure that makes it possible to obtain an antenna radome.
- Another objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide such an antenna radome which is adapted to RFID base station antennas in the UHF band.
- a metamaterial structure comprising at least one elementary block comprising a support of dielectric material, said support comprising an upper face and a lower face.
- Said at least one elementary block is such that it comprises a first electrically conductive unit disposed on the upper face of the support and comprising:
- a first C-shaped conductive element comprising first and second ends
- a second C-shaped conductive element comprising third and fourth ends, said first and second conductive elements being arranged with respect to each other so that the first and third ends face each other and are separated by a first space, and the second and fourth extremities face each other and are separated by a second space;
- a first connector configured to connect the first end to the fourth end.
- said first and second C-shaped conductive elements are identical.
- the first connector has a rectilinear shape
- each C-shaped conductive element is an arc whose center corresponds to the middle of the first connector.
- said at least one elementary block comprises a second electrically conductive unit disposed on the underside of the support and comprising: a third C-shaped conductive element comprising fifth and sixth ends;
- a fourth C-shaped conductive element comprising seventh and eighth ends, said third and fourth conductive elements being arranged with respect to each other so that the fifth and seventh ends face each other and are separated by a third space, and the sixth and eighth ends face each other and are separated by a fourth space;
- a second connector configured to connect the fifth end to the eighth end.
- the media of the first and second connectors are superimposed.
- said first and second conductive units are superimposed with a 90 ° rotation of the first connector relative to the second connector.
- said first and second conductive units are identical.
- said first conductive unit comprises at least one active component.
- said second conductive unit comprises at least one active component.
- the invention relates to a metamaterial structure comprising at least one elementary block comprising:
- a support made of dielectric material said support comprising an upper face and a lower face;
- a split ring resonator disposed on the upper face of the support and comprising an inner split square and an outer split square surrounding said inner split square.
- the metamaterial structure is such that it is adapted to operate in a frequency band from 860 MHz to 960 MHz.
- each of the inner and outer split squares is formed by a metal track of width approximately 1 mm and comprises a slot width of about 2 mm, the slits of the inner and outer split squares being aligned with each other.
- Each side of the inner split square measures about 17mm.
- Each side of the outer split square measures approximately 20mm.
- the spacing between the inner and outer split squares is about 0.5mm.
- said at least one elementary block comprises a rectilinear metal strip about 22 mm long and about 2 mm wide, disposed on the underside of the support, the slots of the inner and outer split squares being superimposed above said metal ribbon.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a radome made of left-hand material based on split-ring resonators and conducting ribbons;
- FIG. 2 illustrated above in relation to the prior art, illustrates an example of an elementary block of left-hand material based on a split-ring resonator
- FIG. 3 described above in connection with the prior art, illustrates an example of an elementary block of S-shaped resonator-based left-hand material
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a metamaterial radome according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 shows an example of an antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates an elementary block of metamaterial according to the first embodiment of FIG. 4
- Figure 7a shows the curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of Figure 5 in linear polarization
- FIG. 7b shows the gain curve of the antenna of FIG. 5 in linear polarization
- FIG. 8a shows the curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of FIG. 5 in circular polarization
- FIG. 8b shows the gain curve of the antenna of FIG. 5 in circular polarization
- FIG. 9 presents the permittivity and permeability curves of a network made up of elementary blocks of metamaterial of FIG. 6;
- FIG. 10a shows the curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system of FIG. 4 in linear polarization
- FIG. 10b shows the gain curve of the antenna system of FIG. 4 in linear polarization
- FIG. 1a shows the curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system of FIG. 4 in circular polarization
- FIG. 11b shows the gain curve of the antenna system of FIG. 4 in circular polarization
- FIG. 11c illustrates a configuration in which a radome according to one embodiment of the invention is oriented at an orientation angle of + 45 ° with respect to the antenna;
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a metamaterial radome according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 13 illustrates an elementary block of metamaterial according to the second embodiment of FIG. 12
- FIG. 14a shows the curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system of FIG. 1a in circular polarization
- Figure 14b shows the gain curve of the antenna system of Figure 11c in circular polarization
- FIG. 15 illustrates an antenna system comprising a left-hand material radome optimized for the UHF-RFID band, according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 16 illustrates an elementary block of left-hand material optimized for the UHF-RFID band according to the embodiment of FIG. 15;
- FIG. 17 shows the curves of the real permittivity portions and the permeability refractive index of a network constituted by elementary blocks of left-hand material of FIG. 16;
- FIG. 18a shows the curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system of FIG. 15 in linear polarization
- FIG. 18b shows the gain curve of the antenna system of FIG. 15 in linear polarization
- FIG. 19 illustrates an antenna system comprising a metamaterial radome optimized for the UHF-RFID band, according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 20 shows the gain curve of the antenna (alone) of FIG. 19 in linear polarization
- FIG. 21 illustrates an elementary block of metamaterial optimized for the UHF-RFID band according to the embodiment of FIG. 19;
- FIG. 22 presents the curves of the real permittivity and permeability portions of a network made up of elementary blocks of metamaterial of FIG. 21;
- Figure 23 shows the gain curve of the antenna system of Figure 19 in linear polarization
- Figures 24, 25 and 26 each illustrate a configuration in which the metamaterial radome according to the invention is positioned vertically at the plane of the radiating element.
- the metamaterial structures according to the invention have negative permittivity and / or negative permeability in a given and relatively wide frequency spectrum. They can be used as an antenna radome to increase the directivity and gain of an antenna.
- the metamaterial structures according to the invention can be used in the range of UHF and microwave frequencies and for any type of antenna, and its manufacture remains simple. In the remainder of the description, the particular case of an antenna system comprising a patch antenna configured to operate in the UHF-RFID band is described. Those skilled in the art will easily extend this teaching to any other type of antenna and any other frequency band.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a metamaterial radome according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna system 40 comprises:
- a patch antenna 401 comprising:
- a carrier structure for example, a dielectric, magnetic, air layer, etc. 41;
- the antenna system 40 is configured and sized to operate in the UHF-RFID band.
- the UHF-RFID band extends from 860 MHz to 960 MHz.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of antenna 401 according to the invention. This FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the carrier structure 41 and the radiating element 42.
- the carrier structure 41 comprises a ground plane 5 1 printed on the underside of a first layer 52 of dielectric material.
- the carrier structure 41 comprises a second layer 54 of dielectric material which is separated from the first layer 52 of dielectric material by an air layer 53.
- the radiating element 42 is printed on the upper face of the second layer 54 of dielectric material.
- the radiating element 42 and the ground plane 51 are sized to operate in the UHF-RFID band.
- the radiating element 42 and the ground plane 51 are of square shape, the length (Lp) of the radiating element 42 being approximately 130 mm and the length (Lra) of the ground plane 51 being about 250mm.
- the radiating element 42 is fed via a conventional connector 55 of the SMA type.
- a conventional SMA connector includes a central blade with a length of about 15mm.
- the excitation of the radiating element 42 may be carried out according to various techniques among which may be mentioned the coaxial probe, the microband line, the coupling by proximity or the coupling by a slot.
- the first and second layers of dielectric material 52 and 54 each comprise a FR4-type epoxy layer.
- each FR4 epoxy layer has a height of 1.6 mm. Which is advantageous in terms of cost.
- the FR4 epoxy layers can be replaced by layers of air (this in particular makes it possible to reduce the production costs and to lighten the structure) or other types of substrates.
- the height of the antenna must be less than 15mm (height of the SMA connector), the height of the air layer 53 is 11.2mm.
- the total height of the antenna is 14.4mm.
- the square radiating element 42 is capable of operating in both linear and circular polarization (depending on the location of the excitation device 55).
- HFSS registered trademark
- the HFSS software was used to simulate the performance in terms of reflection coefficient (denoted SI 1) and gain of antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in linear polarization (FIGS. 7a and 7b). ) and circular polarization ( Figures 8a and 8b).
- FIG. 7a shows the curve 71 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of FIG. 5 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 7b shows the gain curve 72 of the antenna of FIG. 5 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the antenna 401 of FIG. 5 in linear polarization has a resonance frequency at about 883 MHz and a maximum gain of about 10 dBi.
- FIG. 8a shows the curve 81 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of FIG. 5 in circular polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 8b shows the gain curve 82 of antenna 401 of FIG. 5 in circular polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the antenna of FIG. 5 in circular polarization has a resonant frequency at about 881 MHz and a maximum gain of about 9.5 dBi.
- the radome 43 comprises a metamaterial structure according to the invention.
- This metamaterial structure comprises a plurality of elementary blocks according to the invention.
- the elementary block of metamaterial 60 comprises a support 61 of dielectric material of square shape and side about 45mm.
- the radome 43 is in the form of a 5x5 matrix, each cell comprises the elementary block of metamaterial 60.
- the radome 43 may be in the form of a sphere cap, a cone or a cylinder.
- the elementary blocks of metamaterial according to the invention can be inserted in or can constitute the substrate of the radiating element.
- the support 61 has a height (hsub) of about 1.6mm.
- the elementary block of metamaterial 60 comprises an electrically conductive unit 62 printed on the upper face of the support 61.
- the printing of the conductive unit 62 on the support 61 is easily obtained by the implementation of photolithography techniques. In this way, manufacturing costs are reduced. Of course, other printed circuit printing techniques can be implemented.
- the conductive unit 62 comprises:
- a first C-shaped conductive element 621 comprising first and second ends E1 and E2;
- a second C-shaped conductor element 622 comprising third and fourth ends E3 and E4;
- a connector 623 disposed on the upper face of the support 61.
- the first and second conductive members 621 and 622 are arranged with respect to each other so that the first and third ends E1 and E3 face each other and are separated by a gap (g), and the second and fourth ends E2 and E4 face each other and are separated by a space (g).
- the connector 623 is configured to connect the first end E1 to the fourth end E4.
- the connector 623 is a straight metal strip.
- the connector 623 can take a curved or meandering shape.
- the connector 623 may be configured to connect the second end E2 to the third end E3.
- the width of each of the first and second conductive elements 621 and 622 and the connector 623 is approximately 1 mm.
- first and second conductive elements 621 and 622 are identical. Each conductive element 621 and 622 is an arc whose center corresponds to the middle of the connector 623.
- first and second conductive elements 621 and 622 may be different, that is to say they may have different dimensions and C-curves. For example, they may come from two circles of different centers.
- the operating frequency may vary, which is a means of adjustment according to the desired working frequency.
- the ends of the first and second conductive elements 621 and 622 are spaced approximately 20mm.
- the spaces between the first and third ends E1 and E3, and the second and fourth ends E2 and E4 may be different.
- first and third ends E1 and E3 may be spaced about 40mm and the second and fourth ends E2 and E4 of about 10mm.
- the operating frequency may vary, which is a means of adjustment according to the desired working frequency. It is conceivable to place in these spaces (or gaps) varicaps diodes connecting the ends E2 to E4 and / or E1 to E3, and / or at the level of the connector ribbon 623. This makes it possible to make the antenna system agile in frequency.
- HFSS software has been used to simulate the performances in terms of permittivity ( ⁇ ) and permeability ( ⁇ ) of a network constituted by elementary blocks of metamaterial 60 according to the first embodiment of the invention ( described in connection with Figure 6).
- FIG. 9 presents the curves of the real permittivity 91 and permeability portions 92 of a network made up of elementary metamaterial blocks of FIG. 6 for the frequency band ranging from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the network of elementary metamaterial blocks of Figure 6 has positive permeability in the 500 MHz band at 1 GHz and negative permittivity for frequencies in the 690 MHz to 1 GHz band.
- the permittivity of the metamaterial according to the first embodiment of the invention is negative. in a frequency band of about 0.5 GHz instead of 0.1 GHz.
- the use of the metamaterial according to the first embodiment of the invention therefore implies a better system stability and consequently a flexibility in precision of realization.
- the HFSS (registered trademark) software was used to simulate the performance in terms of reflection coefficient (denoted SU) and gain of the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in linear polarization (FIGS. 10a and 10b) and in circular polarization (FIG. Figures 1a and 1b).
- the radome 43 is placed at a distance of about 120 mm (that is to say approximately ⁇ 0/3) from the radiating element 42.
- FIG. 10a shows the curve 101 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 10a shows the curve 71 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in linear polarization.
- the adaptation is improved.
- FIG. 10b shows the gain curve 102 of the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 10b shows the gain curve 72 of antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in linear polarization.
- the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in linear polarization has a resonance frequency at about 889 MHz and a maximum gain of about 12.5 dBi.
- the radome 43 thus makes it possible to increase the overall gain of the antenna in linear polarization by approximately 2 dBi.
- FIG. 11a shows the curve 1 1 1 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in circular polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 1a shows the curve 81 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in circular polarization.
- FIG. 11b shows the gain curve 112 of the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in circular polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 1 lb shows the gain curve 82 of antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in circular polarization.
- the antenna system 40 of FIG. 4 in circular polarization has a resonance frequency at about 889 MHz and a maximum gain of about 10.3 dBi.
- the radome 43 thus makes it possible to increase the overall gain of the antenna in circular polarization by approximately 1 dBi.
- the radome 43 can be oriented with respect to the antenna 401 according to an orientation angle determined according to the desired gain increase in the antenna. plan ⁇ and / or ⁇ .
- the radome 43 is oriented at an orientation angle of + 45 ° with respect to the antenna 401.
- gain is about 2dBi according to ⁇ .
- the radome 43 is oriented at an angle of orientation of -45 ° relative to the antenna 401.
- the gain increase is about 2dBi according to ⁇ .
- the conductive unit 62 may comprise one or more active components (semiconductor components) such as, for example, varicaps diodes.
- the antenna system 40 may therefore comprise a device for dynamically controlling such active components.
- a voltage control device for varicap diodes it will be possible to envisage a voltage control device for varicap diodes.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a metamaterial radome according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna system 120 comprises:
- a patch antenna 125 comprising:
- the carrier structure 122 and the radiating element 123 are respectively identical to the supporting structure 41 and the radiating element 42 described above in relation to FIGS. 4 and 5. These elements are therefore not described again below.
- the radome 121 comprises a metamaterial structure.
- This metamaterial structure comprises a plurality of elementary blocks according to the invention.
- the elementary block of metamaterial 130 comprises a support 131 made of dielectric material of square shape and side of about 45mm.
- the radome 121 is in the form of a 5 ⁇ 5 matrix, each cell of which comprises the elementary block of metamaterial 130.
- the radome 121 may be in the form of a sphere cap, a cone or a cylinder.
- the support 13 1 has a height (hsub) of about 1.6mm. Note that this height is one of the parameters on which it is possible to intervene to change the frequency of operation of the system if necessary.
- the elementary block of metamaterial 130 comprises a first electrically conductive unit 132 printed on the upper face of the support 131, and a second electrically conductive unit 133 printed on the underside of the support 131.
- the printing of the conductive units 132 and 133 on the support 131 is obtained by the implementation of photolithography techniques. In this way, manufacturing costs are reduced. Of course, other printed circuit printing techniques can be implemented.
- the first conductive unit 132 comprises:
- first C-shaped conductor element 1321 comprising first and second ends El i and E 12;
- a second C-shaped conductor element 1322 comprising third and fourth ends E1 and E14;
- a connector 1323 disposed on the upper face of the support 131.
- the first and second conductive members 1321 and 1322 are arranged relative to each other so that the first and third ends El i and El 3 face each other and are separated by a gap, and the second and fourth ends E12 and E14 face each other and are separated by a space (g).
- the connector 1323 is configured to connect the first end El i to the fourth end E14.
- the connector 1323 has a rectilinear shape.
- the connector can take a shape curved or meandering.
- the connector 1323 may be configured to connect the second end E12 to the third end E1.
- the second conductive unit 133 comprises:
- a third C-shaped conductor element 1331 comprising fifth and sixth ends El 5 and El 6;
- a fourth C-shaped conductor element 1332 comprising seventh and eighth ends El 7 and El 8;
- a connector 1333 disposed on the underside of the support 131.
- the third and fourth conductive elements 1331 and 1332 are arranged relative to each other so that the fifth and seventh ends El 5 and El 7 face each other and are separated by a gap (g), and the sixth and eighth ends El 6 and El 8 face each other and are separated by a space (g).
- the connector 1333 is configured to connect the fifth end El 5 to the eighth end E1.
- the connector 1333 has a rectilinear shape.
- the connectors 1323 and 1333 are arranged relative to each other so that they are superimposed in their middle A. In other words, the media of the connectors 1323 and 1333 are superimposed.
- the connector 1323 forms an angle ⁇ with the connector 1333.
- the first and second conductive units 132 and 133 are superimposed with a 90 ° rotation of the first connector relative to the second connector.
- the angle ⁇ can take a value between 10 ° and 170 °.
- the width of each of the conductive elements and connectors is about 1 mm. Note that this width is one of the parameters on which it is possible to intervene to change the operating frequency of the system if necessary.
- first and second conductive units 132 and 133 are identical. As can be seen, the conductive elements 1321 and 1322 of the first conductive unit 132 and the conductive elements 1331 and 1332 of the second conductive unit 133 overlap at certain locations B, C, D and E. These overlaps have the effect of decreasing the operating frequency of the system.
- the first and second conductive units 132 and 133 may have different dimensions such that, for example, the second conductive unit 133 extends inside the first conductive unit 132.
- Another alternative embodiment may consist of placing or printing on the same face of the support (substrate) dielectric or magnetic two concentric conductive units or of different dimensions.
- the ends of the first and second conductive elements 1321 and 1322 are spaced apart by a distance (g) of approximately 20 mm, and the ends of the third and fourth conductive elements 1331 and 1332 are spaced apart from each other. a distance (g) of about 20mm.
- the operating frequency may vary, which is a means of adjustment according to the desired working frequency.
- the radome 121 is placed at a distance of approximately 80 mm (that is to say approximately ⁇ 0/4) from the radiating element 123.
- FIG. 14a shows the curve 141 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system 120 of FIG. 12 in circular polarization for the frequency band ranging from 840 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 14a shows curve 81 of the reflection coefficient of antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in circular polarization.
- the adaptation is improved.
- FIG. 14b shows the gain curve 142 of the antenna system 120 of FIG. 12 in circular polarization for the frequency band ranging from 840 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 14b shows curve 82 for the gain of antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in circular polarization.
- the antenna system 120 of FIG. 12 in circular polarization has a resonance frequency at about 907 MHz and a maximum gain of about 10.7 dBi.
- the radome 121 thus makes it possible to increase the overall gain of the antenna in circular polarization by approximately 1 dBi.
- the radome 43 of FIG. 4 (comprising a single conductive unit on the upper face of the support)
- the radome 121 (comprising a conductive unit on the upper face of the support and a conductive unit on the lower face of the support) allows to make the circular polarization of the perfect antenna.
- Radomes are already known in left hand material capable of operating in the X band or the UHF high band (that is to say for frequencies greater than 2GHz).
- UHF high band that is to say for frequencies greater than 2GHz.
- UHF low band that is for frequencies below 2GHz.
- FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a left-hand material radome optimized for the UHF-RFID band. For the sake of clarity, only one half of the antenna system is shown in Figure 15.
- the antenna system 160 comprises: a patch antenna 165 comprising:
- the carrier structure 162 and the radiating element 163 are respectively identical to the carrier structure 41 and the radiating element 42 described above in relation to the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5. These elements are therefore not described. again below.
- the radome 161 includes a left-hand material structure optimized for the UHF-RFID band.
- This left-hand material structure comprises a plurality of elementary blocks 170 arranged in rows and columns in a matrix.
- Figure 16 illustrates an elementary block of left-hand material optimized for the UHF-RFID band.
- the elementary block of left-hand material 170 comprises a support 171 made of dielectric material comprising an upper face 172 on which is disposed a split-ring resonator 174, and a lower face 173 on which a linear metal strip 175 is arranged.
- the support 171 is of square shape. Of course, it may be of another form (rectangular, circular, ..., following the shape of the split ring resonator). Each side of the square measures approximately 22mm.
- the support 171 has a height (hsub) of about 1.6 mm but can be of different size.
- the split ring resonator 174 comprises an inner split square 1741 and an outer split square 1742.
- the inner split square 1741 is formed by a metal track with a width of about 1 mm. Each side of the inner split square 1741 measures about 17mm.
- the inner split square 1741 includes a slot whose width is about 2mm.
- the spacing between the inner 1741 and outer 1742 split squares is about 0.5mm.
- the outer split square 1742 is formed by a metal track of approximately 1mm width. Each side of the outer split square 1742 measures about 20mm.
- the outer split square 1742 comprises a slot whose width is substantially equal to that of the slot of the inner split square 1741, that is to say about 2mm.
- the slits of the inner 1741 and outer 1742 split squares are aligned with each other.
- the straight metal strip 175 has a length substantially equal to that of the support 171, that is to say about 22 mm, and a width substantially equal to that of the slots, that is to say about 2 mm.
- the HFSS (registered trademark) software was used to extract the permittivity ( ⁇ ) and permeability ( ⁇ ) parameters of a network made up of elementary blocks of left-hand material 170.
- FIG. 17 shows the curves of the real portions of permittivity 181, of permeability 182 and of the refractive index of a network constituted by elementary blocks 170 of FIG. 16 for the frequency band ranging from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the network consisting of elementary blocks of left-hand material of FIG. 16 simultaneously exhibits negative permeability and permittivity for frequencies in the 790 MHz to 920 MHz band.
- the radome 161 is placed at a distance of about 80 mm (that is to say approximately ⁇ 0/4) from the radiating element 163.
- FIG. 18a shows the curve 191 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna system 160 of FIG. 15 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 840 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 18a shows the curve 81 of the reflection coefficient of the antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in linear polarization.
- FIG. 18b shows the gain curve 192 of the antenna system 160 of FIG. 15 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 840 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 18b shows curve 82 for the gain of antenna 401 (without radome) of FIG. 5 in linear polarization.
- the antenna system 160 of FIG. 15 in linear polarization has a resonance frequency at about 918 MHz and a maximum gain about 13.2 dBi.
- the radome 161 thus makes it possible to increase the overall gain of the antenna in linear polarization by approximately 3 dBi.
- FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an antenna system comprising a metamaterial radome based on split resonator optimized for the UHF-RFID band. For the sake of clarity, only one half of the antenna system is shown in Figure 19.
- the antenna system 2000 includes:
- a patch antenna 2005 comprising:
- the radiating element 2003 and the ground plane 2004 are sized to operate in the UHF-RFID band.
- the length of the radiating element 2003 is about 75mm and the length of the ground plane 2004 is about 225mm.
- FIG. 20 shows the gain curve 2100 of the antenna of FIG. 19, in the absence of radome, in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 800 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the 2001 radome includes a split resonator network optimized for the UHF-RFID band.
- FIG. 21 illustrates an elementary block comprising a split resonator optimized for the UHF-RFID band
- the elementary block 2200 comprises a support 2201 of dielectric material comprising an upper face 2202 on which is disposed a split ring resonator 2204.
- the support 2201 is of square shape. Of course, it may be of another form (rectangular, circular, ..., following the shape of the split ring resonator). Each side of the square measures approximately 22mm.
- the support 2201 has a height (hsub) of about 1.6mm.
- the split ring resonator 2204 comprises an inner split square 22041 and an outer split square 22042.
- the inner split square 22041 is formed by a metal track with a width of about 1 mm. Each side of the split square inside 22041 measures about 17mm.
- the inner split square 22041 includes a slot whose width is about 2mm.
- the spacing between the inner splitters 22041 and outside 22042 is about 0.5mm.
- the outer split square 22042 is formed by a metal track of approximately 1mm width. Each side of the outer split square 22042 measures about 20mm.
- the outer split square 22042 comprises a slot whose width is substantially equal to that of the slot of the inner split square 22041, that is to say about 2mm.
- the slits of the inner split and the outer split 22041 are aligned with each other.
- the HFSS (registered trademark) software was used to extract the permittivity ( ⁇ ) and permeability ( ⁇ ) parameters of a network made up of elementary blocks of left-hand material 170.
- FIG. 22 shows the curves of the real portions of permittivity 2301 and permeability 2302 of a network consisting of elementary blocks 2200 of FIG. 21 for the frequency band ranging from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
- the network constituted by elementary blocks of FIG. 21 has a negative permeability for the frequencies included in the band 820 MHz at 900 MHz.
- This electromagnetic simulation was performed using the HFSS (registered trademark) software.
- the radome 2001 is placed at a distance of about 40 mm (that is to say approximately ⁇ / 8) from the radiating element 2003.
- FIG. 23 shows the gain curve 2402 of the antenna system of FIG. 19 in linear polarization for the frequency band ranging from 840 MHz to 1 GHz.
- FIG. 23 shows the gain curve 2100 of the antenna 2005 (without radome) in linear polarization.
- the antenna system of FIG. 19 in linear polarization has a resonance frequency at about 940 MHz and a maximum gain of about 8.2 dBi.
- the radome 2001 thus makes it possible to increase the overall gain of the antenna in linear polarization by approximately 2.4 dBi.
- the antennal structure (also referred to above antenna system) may consist of a radiating element, a ground plane and a metamaterial radome of parallelepiped shape or spherical plain or hollow cap.
- a radome is transparent to electromagnetic waves.
- the radiating element may be in planar structure, wire or volume, and any geometric shape.
- the radiating element may be separated from the ground plane by a volume which may consist of air, dielectric and / or magnetic materials.
- the antenna structure may not have a ground plane.
- a second metamaterial radome according to the invention.
- This second radome extends below the element radiating and is placed at the same distance from the radiating element as the first radome (extending above the radiating element).
- the metamaterial radome may be in the form of a cylinder (the radiating element extending inside the cylinder). This radome is therefore well suited to the case of a wired half-wave antenna or a helix antenna.
- the metamaterial radome according to the invention can be positioned vertically or perpendicular to the plane of the radiating element.
- the metamaterial radome according to the invention is positioned vertically at the plane of the radiating element (FIG. 24)
- a gain increase of approximately 3dBi has been found and the resonance (or operating) frequency not change in the presence of the radome.
- the circular polarization is perfect.
Landscapes
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1152692A FR2973585B1 (fr) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Structures antennaires associant des metamateriaux. |
| PCT/EP2012/054841 WO2012130661A1 (fr) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-19 | Structures antennaires associant des métamatériaux |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2692018A1 true EP2692018A1 (fr) | 2014-02-05 |
| EP2692018B1 EP2692018B1 (fr) | 2015-06-10 |
Family
ID=45841510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12709129.6A Not-in-force EP2692018B1 (fr) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-03-19 | Structures antennaires associant des métamatériaux |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9293834B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2692018B1 (fr) |
| FR (2) | FR2973585B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012130661A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104934716A (zh) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-23 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | 带阻透波超材料、天线罩及天线系统 |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843198B (zh) | 2011-07-29 | 2016-05-04 | 萨斯喀彻温大学 | 聚合物基谐振器天线 |
| US10340599B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2019-07-02 | University Of Saskatchewan | Meta-material resonator antennas |
| TWI472819B (zh) * | 2013-02-06 | 2015-02-11 | Nat Applied Res Laboratories | 超穎材料結構及其製造方法 |
| US10784583B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2020-09-22 | University Of Saskatchewan | Dielectric resonator antenna arrays |
| MA36994A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-08 | 2016-09-30 | Univ Mohammed V Souissi | Nouvelle conception du meta-materiau micro-onde ultra large bande a base de resonateur a manchon pour la bande 6.5-15.5 ghz |
| US9595765B1 (en) * | 2014-07-05 | 2017-03-14 | Continental Microwave & Tool Co., Inc. | Slotted waveguide antenna with metamaterial structures |
| WO2016037151A1 (fr) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-10 | Vorbeck Materials Corp. | Antennes à circuits imprimés pour l'identification par radiofréquence |
| US20170133754A1 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-05-11 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Near Field Scattering Antenna Casing for Arbitrary Radiation Pattern Synthesis |
| US10158160B2 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2018-12-18 | The Mitre Corporation | Devices and method for metamaterials |
| US10355359B1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-07-16 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Axial choke horn antenna |
| CN107121718B (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-07-05 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 基于三维折叠超材料的圆偏振器及其制造方法 |
| CN107359421B (zh) * | 2017-07-13 | 2020-01-14 | 厦门大学 | 基于羊角状基本单元结构的左手材料 |
| CN108199148A (zh) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-06-22 | 天津大学 | 一种口字型的二维左手材料 |
| CN108258429A (zh) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-07-06 | 天津大学 | 一种二维口字型左手材料 |
| TWI699541B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-21 | 華雷科技股份有限公司 | 具旁波束抑制功能的雷達裝置 |
| CN109870824A (zh) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-11 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种高效的太赫兹超材料线偏振转换器 |
| CN112310633B (zh) | 2019-07-30 | 2022-02-01 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 天线装置及电子设备 |
| CN111323929B (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-05-04 | 南开大学 | 手性光学元件、手性光学加密组件及手性元件设计方法 |
| CN113258294B (zh) * | 2021-05-13 | 2024-05-14 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | 一种用于全空间全息成像的单层宽频带幅度编码超表面 |
| US12469979B2 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2025-11-11 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Electromagnetic metastructures for radome or antennae |
| JP2024544592A (ja) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-12-03 | ユニヴェルシテ パリ-サクレー | 共振器のアレイまたはメタマテリアルを形成する互いに誘導結合した多周波電磁共振器の装置、およびその実装方法 |
| FR3135530B1 (fr) * | 2022-05-16 | 2025-07-18 | Dassault Aviat | Brasseur électromagnétique, système de mesure électromagnétique,procédé de montage et méthode de mesure associée |
| CN115128706B (zh) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-08-04 | 南开大学 | 超构表面结构及超构表面圆偏振光反射强度设定方法 |
| CN118659134B (zh) * | 2024-08-21 | 2024-11-19 | 南京信息工程大学 | 一种基于光敏材料的光可重构多功能全空间太赫兹超表面单元及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050035909A1 (en) * | 2003-08-16 | 2005-02-17 | Lin Wen Hsiung | Card device having S-shaped printed antenna |
| WO2008121159A2 (fr) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-10-09 | Los Alamos National Security Llc | Dispositifs de métamatière térahertz active |
| US8081138B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2011-12-20 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Antenna structure with antenna radome and method for rising gain thereof |
| US8674792B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2014-03-18 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Tunable metamaterials |
| US8487832B2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2013-07-16 | The Boeing Company | Steering radio frequency beams using negative index metamaterial lenses |
| US9116302B2 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2015-08-25 | Ravenbrick Llc | Optical metapolarizer device |
-
2011
- 2011-03-31 FR FR1152692A patent/FR2973585B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-03-12 FR FR1252201A patent/FR2973586B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-19 US US14/008,904 patent/US9293834B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-19 WO PCT/EP2012/054841 patent/WO2012130661A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-03-19 EP EP12709129.6A patent/EP2692018B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2012130661A1 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104934716A (zh) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-23 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | 带阻透波超材料、天线罩及天线系统 |
| CN104934716B (zh) * | 2014-03-18 | 2024-05-07 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | 带阻透波超材料、天线罩及天线系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9293834B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
| FR2973585A1 (fr) | 2012-10-05 |
| FR2973585B1 (fr) | 2013-04-26 |
| US20140111400A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
| EP2692018B1 (fr) | 2015-06-10 |
| WO2012130661A1 (fr) | 2012-10-04 |
| FR2973586B1 (fr) | 2013-10-11 |
| FR2973586A1 (fr) | 2012-10-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2692018B1 (fr) | Structures antennaires associant des métamatériaux | |
| WO2010142756A1 (fr) | Élément rayonnant d'antenne | |
| EP2086053B1 (fr) | Antenne imprimée presentant un diagramme bi-faisceaux | |
| FR2966986A1 (fr) | Element rayonnant d'antenne | |
| CA2640481C (fr) | Antenne a polarisation circulaire ou lineaire | |
| FR2946806A1 (fr) | Element rayonnant d'antenne multi-bande | |
| FR2863111A1 (fr) | Antenne en reseau multi-bande a double polarisation | |
| WO2019034760A1 (fr) | Antenne plaquée présentant deux modes de rayonnement différents à deux fréquences de travail distinctes, dispositif utilisant une telle antenne | |
| EP1690317B1 (fr) | Antenne en reseau multi-bande a double polarisation | |
| EP3417507B1 (fr) | Plaque de reflexion electromagnetique a structure de metamateriau et dispositif miniature d'antenne comportant une telle plaque | |
| EP0493190A1 (fr) | Antenne hyperfréquence de type pavé | |
| EP2643886B1 (fr) | Antenne planaire a bande passante elargie | |
| EP1346442B1 (fr) | Antenne imprimee pastille compacte | |
| WO2019069033A1 (fr) | Antenne à substrat ferromagnétique dispersif partiellement saturé | |
| EP1516392A1 (fr) | Antenne a brins a polarisation circulaire | |
| EP2887454A1 (fr) | Système d'antennes panneau à impact visuel réduit | |
| FR2943465A1 (fr) | Antenne a double ailettes | |
| FR2980647A1 (fr) | Antenne ultra-large bande | |
| EP3218961A1 (fr) | Dispositif antenne compacte reconfigurable | |
| EP3942649B1 (fr) | Antenne directive compacte, dispositif comportant une telle antenne | |
| FR3131106A1 (fr) | Antenne radiofréquence planaire à polarisation circulaire | |
| EP0831550B1 (fr) | Antenne-réseau polyvalente | |
| Schreider | Antennes à très large bande passante et de très faible épaisseur-Application à l'intégration d'antennes dans des structures de porteurs dans la bande 100MHz-1GHz | |
| FR3068178A1 (fr) | Antenne miniature a bande-passante elargie | |
| FR3019385A1 (fr) | Antenne a orientation de faisceau |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20130930 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: LATRACH, MOHAMED Inventor name: ABDOUNI-ABDALLAH, WAFA |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ABDOUNI-ABDALLAH, WAFA Inventor name: LATRACH, MOHAMED |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20150113 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 731236 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150715 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602012007887 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150910 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 731236 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150911 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150910 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151012 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151010 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602012007887 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20160311 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160331 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160319 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160331 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160319 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160331 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20120319 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20150610 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20240307 Year of fee payment: 13 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20240325 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20240325 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602012007887 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20250319 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20251001 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20250319 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20250331 |