EP2691974A1 - Method for the dielectric barrier electrospray ionization of liquid samples and for the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the generated sample ions - Google Patents
Method for the dielectric barrier electrospray ionization of liquid samples and for the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the generated sample ionsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2691974A1 EP2691974A1 EP12717215.3A EP12717215A EP2691974A1 EP 2691974 A1 EP2691974 A1 EP 2691974A1 EP 12717215 A EP12717215 A EP 12717215A EP 2691974 A1 EP2691974 A1 EP 2691974A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass spectrometer
- inlet
- electrode
- trap
- square
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000132 electrospray ionisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005040 ion trap Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100127891 Caenorhabditis elegans let-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/0027—Methods for using particle spectrometers
- H01J49/0031—Step by step routines describing the use of the apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
- H01J49/165—Electrospray ionisation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for dielectrically impeded electrospray ionization of liquid samples and the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the sample ions generated, in which the respective liquid sample is passed into a capillary feed channel, the enclosing wall at the outer side spaced from the free end by a separating layer of a dielectric material of the wall having a separate electrode, wherein at a distance from the free end of the feed channel to form an ionization free space a counterelectrode forming inlet of a mass spectrometer is arranged, through which the ions formed enter an open and closeable case of the mass spectrometer, wherein between a square-wave voltage is applied to the electrode and the inlet for generating the sample ions, and the trap of the mass spectrometer is opened and closed alternately, and by the trap of the mass spectrometer ers arriving sample ions are analyzed in the mass spectrometer.
- electrospray describes the dispersion of a liquid into many small charged droplets with the help of an electric field. In the electric field, the ions are transferred to the gas phase at atmospheric pressure, whereby this process is divided into four steps:
- a first step small charged electrolyte droplets are formed.
- a continuous solvent loss of these droplets takes place by evaporation, whereby the charge density at the droplet surface increases.
- repeated spontaneous decay of the droplets into micro-droplets takes place.
- a desolvation of the analyte molecules takes place during the transfer into the mass spectrometer.
- the electrospray ionization process begins with a conti Continuous feeding of the dissolved analyte to the top of a capillary-shaped feed channel.
- the electrical contacting takes place in conventional methods via the direct connection of an electrical conductor with the analyte solution.
- the applied electric field also penetrates the analyte solution between the free end of the capillary-shaped feed channel and the inlet of the mass spectrometer.
- the positive ions are drawn to the liquid surface.
- the negative ions are pushed in the opposite direction until the electric field within the liquid is canceled by the redistribution of negative and positive ions or by electron exchange these ions are neutralized.
- the positive ions accumulated on the liquid surface are further drawn toward the cathode.
- the cone When the electric field is sufficiently high, the cone is stable and emits a continuous, filament-like liquid stream of a few micrometers in diameter from its tip. This becomes unstable some distance from the anode and breaks up into tiny strands.
- the surface of the droplets is enriched with positive charges that no longer have any negative counterions, resulting in a net positive charge.
- the electrophoretic separation of the ions is responsible for the charges in the droplets.
- the positive ions (as well as after polarity reversal of the field, the negative ions) observed in the spectrum are always the ions already present in the (electrolyte) solution. Additional ions and also fragment ions of the analyte to be detected are only observed at very high voltage when electrical discharges occur at the capillary tip (corona discharges).
- the electrode is directly associated with the liquid or sample to be analyzed.
- the life of this device is severely limited, since the electrode inevitably corrodes so strongly after a certain period of use that it is no longer usable.
- the maximum voltage applied limited, otherwise unwanted corona discharges.
- a device and a method for dielectrically impeded electrospray ionization of liquid samples has become known for the first time.
- the respective liquid sample is conducted into a capillary-shaped feed channel, the surrounding wall at the outer side spaced from the free end by a separating layer of a dielectric material from the wall separate electrode, wherein at a distance from the free end of the feed channel to form a Ionen Struktursoko- space one, a counter electrode forming plate is arranged.
- the electrospray ionization is thus carried out by contactless application of a voltage, since the electrode of the feed channel does not have direct contact with the sample liquid by dielectrically coupling the electric field.
- a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1 is also known from the document "STARK et al: Electronic coupling and scaling effects during dielectric barrier electrospray ionization. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2011, Vol. 400, pp. 561-569 ".
- the object of the invention is therefore to further develop a generic method such that, while retaining the advantages of applying a square-wave voltage, only positive or negative sample ions enter the mass spectrometer.
- This object is achieved in a method of the type described in the present invention, that between the electrode and the inlet an unbalanced square wave voltage is applied, in which the duty cycle of the positive and negative polarities is different.
- the method of the invention thus uses a square wave voltage for electrospray ionization which is not symmetric, i. in which the duty cycle between alternating positive and negative potentials is not identical, but deviates from it. This makes it possible, depending on the frequency of the voltages, to set the electrospray ionization so that only positive or only negative sample ions enter the mass spectrometer.
- the high voltage used is on the order of 2 to 6 kV.
- an asymmetrical square-wave voltage to be applied between the electrode and the inlet, in which case the clock ratio is selected such that only positive or negative sample ions are formed.
- This procedure is particularly suitable for the use of rectangular voltages with higher frequencies, eg. On the order of 200 Hz, the duty cycle of the square-wave voltage may be e.g. preferably set to 80:20. At such a duty ratio, the time and thus the number of unwanted (e.g., negative) sample ions formed is insufficient to form a negative electrospray. In this case, only a positive electrospray is generated, and thus a signal with only one polarity. This signal is larger by about a factor of 2 than in the generic method, which uses a symmetrical square-wave voltage.
- an asymmetrical square-wave voltage is applied between the electrode and the inlet. is set, wherein the frequency of the positive or negative polarities of the opening frequency of the trap of the mass spectrometer corresponds.
- This procedure is preferred when working with rectangular voltages of lower frequencies, for example in the lower Hertz range.
- the start of the positive electrospray begins with the opening of the ion trap of the mass spectrometer and ends with the respective closing of the ion trap. The dielectrically impeded electrospray is thus triggered to the frequency of the opening of the trap.
- This process control makes it possible in a preferred development that a plurality of capillary feed channels are arranged in a star shape relative to the inlet of the mass spectrometer such that the respectively formed ion beams strike the inlet, whereby an asymmetrical square voltage is applied between the electrode of the respective feed channel and the inlet whose clock ratio of the positive or negative polarities is matched to the opening frequency of the trap of the mass spectrometer that the ion sprays originating from the various feed channels successively enter the trap of the mass spectrometer through the inlet.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electrospray ionization device with a feed channel and an indicated inlet of a mass flow spectrometer
- FIG. 5 shows the diagrams (partially) of FIG. 4 with spread time axis
- FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a star-shaped arrangement of several electrospray ionization devices with respect to the inlet of the
- Fig. 9 in the upper diagram, the time course of the opening time of the trap of the mass spectrometer and in the diagrams arranged underneath the temporal voltage curve of the various electrospray ionization devices.
- FIG. 1 shows in general form an electrospray ionization apparatus 10 which initially has a capillary-shaped feed channel 1, the tubular wall of which is designated by 2 in this example.
- the feed channel 1 is arranged so that its axis of symmetry 3 coincides with the axis of symmetry 3 'of an inlet 4 of a mass spectrometer (not shown).
- the wall 2 consists of e.g. made of glass, ie of a dielectric material.
- a sample to be analyzed is introduced at the rear end 4 of the feed channel 1 in the feed channel and exits at the front free end 5.
- the dielectric separation layer wall 2
- tubular electrode 6 is arranged. This electrode 6 is connected to a high voltage source, not shown, as well as the inlet 4 of the mass spectrometer, which is designed as a counter electrode.
- a gap is provided between the free end 5 of the feed channel 1 and the inlet 4, which forms a desolvation space 7.
- Essential for the method according to the invention is the type of voltage applied to the electrodes. Basically, it is known from "Anal. Bioanal Chem. (2010), pages 1767 to 1772", a normal, i. symmetrical square-wave voltage, to use. A voltage curve of a rectangular voltage is shown in FIG. As can be seen, the resulting current waveform alternately has positive and negative current ranges, i. alternating positive and negative ions are generated.
- FIG. 3 shows in an enlarged and quantitative representation a positive current signal with dielectrically impeded electrospray ionization with square-wave voltage compared to a current signal with non-dielectrically impeded conventional electrospray ionization.
- an unbalanced square-wave voltage is applied in which the clock ratio of the square-wave voltage is preferably 80:20.
- Such a rectangular voltage profile is shown in the middle diagram of FIG. 6. This results in a current profile, which can be seen in the lower diagram of FIG. 6.
- the time and thus the number of negative ions formed is insufficient to form a negative electrospray.
- only positive electrospray ions are formed, so that the current signal can be increased by a factor of 2 compared to a symmetrical square-wave voltage.
- This procedure is particularly suitable for high-frequency square-wave voltages with a frequency in the order of 200 Hz.
- an asymmetrical square-wave voltage having a frequency in the Hertz range is used, it is provided according to a second embodiment of the method according to the invention that an asymmetrical square-wave voltage is applied between the electrode 6 and the inlet 4 of the mass spectrometer in which the frequency of the positive or negative polarities corresponds to the opening frequency of the trap of the mass spectrometer.
- This process is shown in FIG. 7. It can be seen that the time-dependent profile of the opening time of the mass spectrometer (upper diagram of FIG. 7) corresponds to the time-dependent profile of the square-wave voltage signal (middle diagram of FIG. 7).
- the start of the positive electrospray is synchronized with the opening of the ion trap of the mass spectrometer, i. the dielectric electrospray is triggered at the frequency of the opening of the trap of the mass spectrometer.
- a plurality in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 five electrospray ionization devices 10 are arranged in a star or semicircular manner relative to the inlet of the mass spectrometer indicated at 4 such that the respectively formed ion spray S strikes the inlet 4.
- a square-wave voltage is applied between the electrode of the respective electrospray ionization device 10 and the inlet 4 of the mass spectrometer whose clock ratio of the positive (or negative) polarities is matched to the opening frequency of the mass spectrometer trap such that this originates from the various electrospray ionization devices 10 Ion spray enters the trap of the mass spectrometer one after the other through the inlet.
- the corresponding voltage curve is shown in FIG. 9.
- the upper slide 9 shows the time-dependent course of the opening time of the trap of the mass spectrometer. Including Ui to U 5, the square-wave voltage waveforms of the five feed channels are shown.
- the square-wave voltage Ui of the first electrospray ionization device 10 is triggered to the frequency of the trap opening of the mass spectrometer that the square-wave voltage signal is synchronized in time to the first opening interval of the trap and then to the sixth, eleventh, etc.
- the voltage signal U 2 of the second electrospray ionmaschinesvorraum 10th is set so that the positive square wave voltage signal is synchronous with the second opening interval of the trap, and subsequently with the seventh, twelfth, and so forth.
- electrospray ionization devices 10 of this type according to FIG. 8 can be integrated on a microchip, for example. All feed channels of the chip should be of the same length, on the one hand to avoid delay of the separated analytes and, on the other hand, hydrodynamic differences between the channels. Such hydrodynamic differences could disrupt the separation.
- the free ends or exits of the electrospray ionization devices 10 can, as shown, be arranged in a star shape in a semicircle around the inlet 4 of the mass spectrometer.
- the radius of this arrangement should be preferably correspond to the distance of the free end of a feed channel 1 to the inlet 4 of the mass spectrometer.
- each Elektrospray- iontechnischsvorraum 10 is equipped with its own electrode which is applied to the chip. With the aid of high-voltage transistors, each electrode can be actuated in succession and a negative electrospray can be generated with one rising edge each, and one positive and each falling edge of the high-voltage square-wave signal. It switches so fast that the hydrodynamic properties of the river are not disturbed. In this way, the analytes sprayed from the various feed channels can be measured by mass spectrometry and averaged over several cycles.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011015517A DE102011015517B3 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Process for dielectrically impeded electrospray ionization of liquid samples and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the sample ions generated |
PCT/EP2012/055279 WO2012130781A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-26 | Method for the dielectric barrier electrospray ionization of liquid samples and for the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the generated sample ions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2691974A1 true EP2691974A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2691974B1 EP2691974B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
Family
ID=46017798
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12717215.3A Active EP2691974B1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-26 | Method for the dielectric barrier electrospray ionization of liquid samples and for the subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the generated sample ions |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140001352A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2691974B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5814458B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011015517B3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2792462T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012130781A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6182572B2 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-08-16 | 京セラ株式会社 | Portable device, control method and control program |
CN107390102B (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2023-08-01 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | High-field surface trap evaluation system |
JP7095579B2 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2022-07-05 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Mass spectrometer |
WO2020223341A1 (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-11-05 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Method and apparatus for mass spectrometry |
CN111308000A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-19 | 宁波大学 | Mass spectrometry system based on electrospray |
CN113325063B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2024-05-03 | 宁波大学 | Verifying device and method for colloidal gold immunochromatography test paper detection result |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5382793A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1995-01-17 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Laser desorption ionization mass monitor (LDIM) |
DE19947496C2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2003-05-22 | Agilent Technologies Inc | Microfluidic microchip |
US6967324B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2005-11-22 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Micro matrix ion generator for analyzers |
DE102005061381B4 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2017-10-05 | Leibniz - Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - Isas - E.V. | Device for the electrospray ionization of a liquid sample |
US8003937B2 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-08-23 | Ut-Battelle | Electrospray ion source with reduced analyte electrochemistry |
-
2011
- 2011-03-30 DE DE102011015517A patent/DE102011015517B3/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-03-26 WO PCT/EP2012/055279 patent/WO2012130781A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-26 US US14/006,408 patent/US20140001352A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-26 JP JP2014501558A patent/JP5814458B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-26 EP EP12717215.3A patent/EP2691974B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-26 ES ES12717215T patent/ES2792462T3/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012130781A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5814458B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
WO2012130781A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
JP2014512000A (en) | 2014-05-19 |
ES2792462T3 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
EP2691974B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
US20140001352A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
DE102011015517B3 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
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