EP2684272A1 - Storage device for storing electrical energy and method for operating a storage device - Google Patents

Storage device for storing electrical energy and method for operating a storage device

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Publication number
EP2684272A1
EP2684272A1 EP12703055.9A EP12703055A EP2684272A1 EP 2684272 A1 EP2684272 A1 EP 2684272A1 EP 12703055 A EP12703055 A EP 12703055A EP 2684272 A1 EP2684272 A1 EP 2684272A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching element
memory cell
charging current
storage device
memory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12703055.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander Osswald
Thomas Heinrich
Rainer Glauning
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2684272A1 publication Critical patent/EP2684272A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection

Definitions

  • a storage device for storing electrical energy and method for operating a storage device
  • the invention relates to a storage device for storing electrical energy.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy.
  • the memory cell In order to avoid damage to memory cells of a rechargeable battery, the memory cell must not be overloaded. It is known that a charger can be timely, i. before an overcharge of the memory cell, a charging process stops and a corresponding charging current turns off.
  • a disadvantage of this is in particular that in the case of a defect in the charger this may not switch off the charging current in time, so that the memory cell can be overloaded, which possibly leads to damage to the memory cell.
  • the object underlying the invention can therefore be seen to provide a memory device for storing electrical energy, wherein overcharging is effectively prevented even in a defective charger.
  • a storage device for storing electrical energy is provided.
  • the storage device is preferably formed as a rechargeable battery.
  • a battery can also be referred to as a battery pack.
  • the rechargeable battery may be in the form of a lead-acid battery, a lithium ion rechargeable battery, a lithium polymer rechargeable battery, a lithium iron phosphate rechargeable battery, a lithium titanate rechargeable battery, a lithium sulfur rechargeable battery, a sodium nickel rechargeable battery.
  • Chloride accumulator a sodium-sulfur accumulator, a nickel-iron accumulator, a nickel-cadmium accumulator, a nickel-metal hydride accumulator, a nickel-hydrogen accumulator, a nickel-zinc accumulator or as a tin-nickel accumulator.
  • Sulfur lithium accumulator be formed.
  • the memory device further comprises a memory cell, which can be charged by means of an electrical charging current.
  • the memory cell is preferably a galvanic cell. In the context of accumulators, such a galvanic cell may also be referred to as a secondary cell.
  • the memory device has a monitoring device which can monitor a physical quantity in the memory cell.
  • the physical variable is preferably a temperature in the memory cell and / or an electrical voltage in the memory cell. Such a temperature may also be referred to as a storage cell temperature. Such a voltage may also be referred to as a memory cell voltage.
  • a switching element for interrupting the charging current is formed, wherein the switching element is controllable by means of the monitoring device.
  • This control happens in particular depending on the monitored size. This means, for example, that when the memory cell temperature rises and / or the memory cell voltage rises above a predetermined voltage value or temperature value, the monitoring device sends a control signal to the switching element, so that the latter interrupts the charging current.
  • a switching element in the sense of the present invention has two switching states: an open switching state in which a charging circuit is interrupted, so that no electrical charging current for charging the memory cell can flow, and a closed switching state in which the charging circuit is closed, so that an electric Charging current for charging the memory cell can flow.
  • the switching element When the switching element is in the open switching state, the switching element may also be referred to as an open switching element.
  • the switching element When the switching element is in the closed switching state, the switching element may also be referred to as a closed switching element.
  • the memory device comprises a discharging means for discharging the memory cell when the charging current is interrupted.
  • a discharging means for discharging the memory cell when the charging current is interrupted.
  • the discharge means is formed such that the memory cell is discharged when the charging current is interrupted by the switching element.
  • a plurality of discharge means can also be provided.
  • a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy comprising a memory cell.
  • the memory cell is charged by means of an electrical charging current, wherein a physical quantity in the memory cell is monitored during the charging process.
  • the electrical charging current is interrupted depending on the monitored variable, wherein after the interruption of the charging current, the memory cell is at least partially discharged.
  • the memory cell can be completely discharged.
  • the invention includes the idea that during a charging process of a memory cell, a physical quantity in the memory cell is monitored. This physical variable is dependent, in particular, on a state of charge of the memory cell. If this physical quantity increases above a predetermined value, this predetermined value corresponding in particular to a maximum charge state of the memory cell, the charging current is interrupted so that further charging of the memory cell is advantageously effectively prevented. In this respect, an overcharge of the memory cell can be prevented or, if the memory cell has already been overcharged, a further overcharge can be prevented. In that, after the charging current has been interrupted, the memory cell is at least partially discharged, the charge or overcharge in the memory cell is degraded. Thus, advantageously, damage due to an overcharge state of the memory cell is effectively avoided. Preferably, the memory cell is discharged until the physical quantity is below a predetermined value.
  • the switching element is a reversible switching element.
  • Reversible means in particular that the switching element between the open switching state and the closed switching state can be switched back and forth.
  • the memory cell can be further charged or recharged when the physical size again corresponds to an allowable value, since the reversible switching element can close the charging circuit again.
  • the switching element is a transistor, in particular a field effect transistor, preferably a self-conducting field effect transistor or a relay.
  • the discharge means comprises a diode, preferably a Zener diode, a Schottky diode or a suppressor diode, which is connected in parallel with the switching element.
  • the diode is connected in the reverse direction with respect to a charging current direction so that the diode does not allow the charging current to pass. It acts insofar as an insulator.
  • the charging current can only flow insofar through the closed switching element, which is closed for a charging process. Only when the switching element is opened, so that the charging current is interrupted, a discharge current can flow from the memory cells via the diode.
  • the diode thus bridges the switch element. It can be provided in particular that, after the memory cell has been at least partially, preferably completely, discharged, the switching element closes the charging circuit again and thus in turn bridges the diode.
  • a plurality of diodes may also be provided.
  • the discharging means comprises a further switching element and one or more electrical resistors, which are connected in parallel with the memory cell. A discharge of the memory cell can therefore take place on the Wderstand or Wdernot.
  • the further switching element may be formed analogously to the switching element.
  • the further switching element is controllable by means of the monitoring device.
  • the monitoring device can therefore first actuate the switching element, so that the charging circuit is interrupted. After a predetermined time, it then actuates the further switching element, so that the electrical resistance or the electrical resistances is or are switched parallel to the memory cell. After the at least partial discharge, the further switching element opens, so that it is no longer possible to discharge the memory cell via the heat resistor.
  • a plurality of memory cells are formed.
  • the memory cells can be connected in particular in series or connected in parallel to increase a total capacitance of the memory cells.
  • some memory cells are connected in parallel and some memory cells are connected in series, wherein the memory cells connected in parallel to the series-connected memory cells are in turn connected in parallel or in series.
  • it is sufficient for a plurality of memory cells that a physical quantity in a memory cell is above a predetermined value in order to interrupt the charging process.
  • 1 shows a storage device for storing electrical energy
  • Fig. 3 shows a further memory device for storing electrical energy
  • FIG. 4 shows another storage device for storing electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 shows a storage device 101 for storing electrical energy.
  • the memory device 101 comprises a memory cell 103, which can be charged by means of an electrical charging current.
  • a monitoring device 105 monitors a physical quantity in the memory cell 103.
  • the physical variable may be, for example, a memory cell temperature and / or a memory cell voltage.
  • the monitoring device 105 controls a switching element 107, which can interrupt the electric charging current, wherein the control is performed depending on the monitored physical quantity.
  • a discharge means 109 is provided, which, when the switching element 107 interrupts the charging current, at least partially discharges the storage cell 103, in particular completely discharges it.
  • the discharge means 109 is controllable by means of the monitoring device 105.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy, the storage device having a storage cell.
  • the memory cell is charged by means of an electrical charging current, wherein a physical quantity in the memory cell is monitored during the charging process.
  • the charging electric current is interrupted depending on the monitored quantity, in particular, when the monitored quantity is larger than a predetermined value.
  • the memory cell is at least partially discharged. In particular, the memory cell is completely discharged.
  • the memory cell is discharged until the physical quantity is below a predetermined value. Subsequently, it can be provided that the memory cell is automatically charged again.
  • 3 shows a further storage device 301 for storing electrical energy.
  • the memory device 301 includes a plurality of memory cells 303 connected in series. A respective physical quantity in the memory cells 303 is monitored by means of a monitoring device 305. Depending on the monitored quantity, the monitoring device 305 controls a switching element 307 such that it interrupts a charging circuit 311 comprising two contacts 311 a and 31 1 b so that no charging current can flow to the memory cells 303 any more.
  • the switching element 307 is connected in series with the charging circuit 311 and with the memory cells 303 between the charging contact 311 a and the memory cells 303.
  • a discharge means 309 is connected in the form of a diode, wherein the diode 309 is connected in the direction of the charging current in the reverse direction. That is, as long as the switching element 307 closes the charging circuit 311, only one charging current can flow through the switching element 307 to the memory cells 303, but not through the diode 309, which acts as an insulator in the charging current direction.
  • the switching element 307 interrupts the charging circuit 31 1 1
  • an electric discharge current flows from the memory cells 303 via the diode 309 to the contact 311 a, so that the memory cells 303 are discharged.
  • the contact 311 a may also be referred to as a charge / discharge contact.
  • the contact 31 1 b is preferably a ground contact.
  • the switching element 307 is controlled by the monitoring device 305 in such a way that the switching element 307 closes the charging circuit 31 1 again.
  • the memory cells 303 can be recharged so far. If, for example, the memory device 301 is still contacted with a charger which can not automatically switch off a charging current, the switching element 307 will again open the charging circuit 31 1 if, during the charging process, the respective physical variable in the memory cells 303 exceeds a permissible value Value increases.
  • FIG. 4 shows another storage device 401 for storing electrical energy.
  • the memory device 401 has no diode which is parallel to the switching element 307 is switched.
  • a resistor 403 and a further switching element 405 are provided here, which are both connected in series with one another, these two elements then being connected in parallel with the memory cells 303.
  • the further switching element 405 is controlled by means of the monitoring device 305.
  • resistors which are connected to each other in series or in parallel, in particular, it may be provided that some resistors in series and other resistors are connected in parallel to each other.
  • the switching element 307 has interrupted the charging circuit 31 1
  • the further switching element 405 closes, so that the Wderstand 403 is connected in parallel to the other memory cells 303, so that over the Wderstand 403, the memory cells 303 can discharge.
  • the monitoring device 305 detects that the respective physical quantity in the memory cells 303 has dropped below a predetermined value, it opens the further one
  • the other switch element 405 closes the switching element 307 so that the memory cells 303 can be recharged.
  • Switching element 405 and the resistor 403 also be a diode connected in parallel to the switching element 307 analogous to the memory device 301 in Fig. 3.
  • the invention advantageously prevents memory cells from being damaged due to overcharge, this being independent of a charger becomes. This means, in particular, that even a charger that can not automatically switch off the charging current due to a defect or has no such automatic switch-off at all, can not overload the memory cells in such a way that they are permanently damaged. A related redundant design of the charger with respect to a shutdown is therefore no longer necessary.

Abstract

The invention relates to a storage device (101) for storing electrical energy comprising a storage cell (103) which can be charged by means of an electrical charging current, and a monitoring device (105) for monitoring a physical variable in the storage cell (103), wherein a switching element (107), which can be controlled by means of the monitoring device (105) depending on the monitored variable, is formed for interrupting the charging current, characterized in that a discharge means (109) for discharging the storage cell (103) when the charging current is interrupted is provided. The invention also relates to a method for operating a storage device (101) for storing electrical energy with a storage cell (103).

Description

,  .
Beschreibung description
Titel title
Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung  A storage device for storing electrical energy and method for operating a storage device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie. Stand der Technik The invention relates to a storage device for storing electrical energy. The invention further relates to a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy. State of the art
Um Beschädigungen an Speicherzellen eines Akkumulators zu vermeiden, darf die Speicherzelle nicht überladen werden. Bekannt ist, dass ein Ladegerät rechtzeitig, d.h. vor einer Überladung der Speicherzelle, einen Ladevorgang abbricht und einen entsprechenden Ladestrom abschaltet. In order to avoid damage to memory cells of a rechargeable battery, the memory cell must not be overloaded. It is known that a charger can be timely, i. before an overcharge of the memory cell, a charging process stops and a corresponding charging current turns off.
Nachteilig hieran ist insbesondere, dass bei einem Defekt in dem Ladegerät dieses unter Umständen den Ladestrom nicht rechtzeitig abschaltet, so dass die Speicherzelle überladen werden kann, was gegebenenfalls zu einer Beschädi- gung der Speicherzelle führt. A disadvantage of this is in particular that in the case of a defect in the charger this may not switch off the charging current in time, so that the memory cell can be overloaded, which possibly leads to damage to the memory cell.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe kann daher darin gesehen werden, eine Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie anzugeben, wobei ein Überladen auch bei einem defekten Ladegerät wirksam verhindert wird. The object underlying the invention can therefore be seen to provide a memory device for storing electrical energy, wherein overcharging is effectively prevented even in a defective charger.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe kann ferner darin gesehen wer- den, ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie anzugeben. Diese Aufgaben werden mittels des jeweiligen Gegenstands der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand von jeweils abhängigen Unteransprüchen. The object on which the invention is based can also be seen in the specification of a corresponding method for operating a memory device for storing electrical energy. These objects are achieved by means of the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of each dependent subclaims.
Nach einem Aspekt wird eine Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie bereitgestellt. Die Speichervorrichtung ist vorzugsweise als ein Akkumulator (Akku) gebildet. Ein solcher Akku kann auch als ein Akkupack bezeichnet werden. Beispielsweise kann der Akkumulator als ein Bleiakkumulator, ein Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator, ein Lithium-Polymer-Akkumulator, ein Lithium- Eisen-Phosphat-Akkumulator, ein Lithium-Titanat-Akkumulator, ein Lithium- Schwefel-Akkumulator, ein Natrium-Nickel-Chlorid-Akkumulator, ein Natrium- Schwefel-Akkumulator, ein Nickel-Eisen-Akkumulator, ein Nickel-Kadmium- Akkumulator, ein Nickel-Metallhydrid-Akkumulator, ein Nickel-Wasserstoff- Akkumulator, ein Nickel-Zink-Akkumulator oder als ein Zinn-Schwefel-Lithium- Akkumulator gebildet sein. In one aspect, a storage device for storing electrical energy is provided. The storage device is preferably formed as a rechargeable battery. Such a battery can also be referred to as a battery pack. For example, the rechargeable battery may be in the form of a lead-acid battery, a lithium ion rechargeable battery, a lithium polymer rechargeable battery, a lithium iron phosphate rechargeable battery, a lithium titanate rechargeable battery, a lithium sulfur rechargeable battery, a sodium nickel rechargeable battery. Chloride accumulator, a sodium-sulfur accumulator, a nickel-iron accumulator, a nickel-cadmium accumulator, a nickel-metal hydride accumulator, a nickel-hydrogen accumulator, a nickel-zinc accumulator or as a tin-nickel accumulator. Sulfur lithium accumulator be formed.
Die Speichervorrichtung umfasst ferner eine Speicherzelle, welche mittels eines elektrischen Ladestroms aufgeladen werden kann. Bei der Speicherzelle handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine galvanische Zelle. Im Zusammenhang mit Akkumulatoren kann eine solche galvanische Zelle auch als eine Sekundärzelle bezeichnet werden. Des Weiteren weist die Speichervorrichtung eine Überwachungsvorrichtung auf, welche eine physikalische Größe in der Speicherzelle überwachen kann. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der physikalischen Größe um eine Temperatur in der Speicherzelle und/oder eine elektrische Spannung in der Speicherzelle. Eine solche Temperatur kann vorzugsweise auch als eine Speicherzellentemperatur bezeichnet werden. Eine solche Spannung kann vorzugsweise auch als eine Speicherzellenspannung bezeichnet werden. The memory device further comprises a memory cell, which can be charged by means of an electrical charging current. The memory cell is preferably a galvanic cell. In the context of accumulators, such a galvanic cell may also be referred to as a secondary cell. Furthermore, the memory device has a monitoring device which can monitor a physical quantity in the memory cell. The physical variable is preferably a temperature in the memory cell and / or an electrical voltage in the memory cell. Such a temperature may also be referred to as a storage cell temperature. Such a voltage may also be referred to as a memory cell voltage.
Ferner ist in der Speichervorrichtung ein Schaltelement zum Unterbrechen des Ladestroms gebildet, wobei das Schaltelement mittels der Überwachungsvorrichtung steuerbar ist. Dieses Steuern geschieht insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von der überwachten Größe. Das heißt beispielsweise, dass bei einem Anstieg der Speicherzellentemperatur und/oder bei einem Anstieg der Speicherzellenspannung über einen vorbestimmten Spannungswert bzw. Temperaturwert die Über- wachungsvorrichtung ein Steuersignal an das Schaltelement sendet, so dass dieses den Ladestrom unterbricht. „ Further, in the memory device, a switching element for interrupting the charging current is formed, wherein the switching element is controllable by means of the monitoring device. This control happens in particular depending on the monitored size. This means, for example, that when the memory cell temperature rises and / or the memory cell voltage rises above a predetermined voltage value or temperature value, the monitoring device sends a control signal to the switching element, so that the latter interrupts the charging current. "
Ein Schaltelement im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung weist insbesondere zwei Schaltzustände auf: Einen offenen Schaltzustand, in welchem ein Ladestromkreis unterbrochen ist, sodass kein elektrischer Ladestrom zum Aufladen der Speicherzelle fließen kann, und einen geschlossenen Schaltzustand, in welchem der Ladestromkreis geschlossen ist, sodass ein elektrischer Ladestrom zum Aufladen der Speicherzelle fließen kann. Wenn sich das Schaltelement in dem offenen Schaltzustand befindet, kann das Schaltelement auch als ein offenes Schaltelement bezeichnet werden. Wenn sich das Schaltelement in dem geschlossenen Schaltzustand befindet, kann das Schaltelement auch als ein geschlossenes Schaltelement bezeichnet werden. In particular, a switching element in the sense of the present invention has two switching states: an open switching state in which a charging circuit is interrupted, so that no electrical charging current for charging the memory cell can flow, and a closed switching state in which the charging circuit is closed, so that an electric Charging current for charging the memory cell can flow. When the switching element is in the open switching state, the switching element may also be referred to as an open switching element. When the switching element is in the closed switching state, the switching element may also be referred to as a closed switching element.
Ferner umfasst die Speichervorrichtung ein Entlademittel zum Entladen der Speicherzelle bei Unterbrechung des Ladestroms. Das heißt also insbesondere, dass das Entlademittel derart gebildet ist, bei einer Unterbrechung des Ladestroms durch das Schaltelement die Speicherzelle zu entladen. Insbesondere können auch mehrere Entlademittel vorgesehen sein. Furthermore, the memory device comprises a discharging means for discharging the memory cell when the charging current is interrupted. This therefore means, in particular, that the discharge means is formed such that the memory cell is discharged when the charging current is interrupted by the switching element. In particular, a plurality of discharge means can also be provided.
Nach einem weiteren Aspekt wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie bereitgestellt, wobei die Speichervorrichtung eine Speicherzelle umfasst. In einem ersten Schritt wird die Speicherzelle mittels eines elektrischen Ladestroms aufgeladen, wobei eine physikalische Größe in der Speicherzelle während des Ladevorgangs überwacht wird. Der elektrische Ladestrom wird abhängig von der überwachten Größe unterbrochen, wobei nach dem Unterbrechen des Ladestroms die Speicherzelle zumindest teilweise entladen wird. Insbesondere kann die Speicherzelle vollständig entladen werden. According to a further aspect, a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy is provided, wherein the storage device comprises a memory cell. In a first step, the memory cell is charged by means of an electrical charging current, wherein a physical quantity in the memory cell is monitored during the charging process. The electrical charging current is interrupted depending on the monitored variable, wherein after the interruption of the charging current, the memory cell is at least partially discharged. In particular, the memory cell can be completely discharged.
Die Erfindung umfasst also den Gedanken, dass während eines Ladevorgangs einer Speicherzelle eine physikalische Größe in der Speicherzelle überwacht wird. Diese physikalische Größe ist insbesondere abhängig von einem Ladungszustand der Speicherzelle. Falls diese physikalische Größe über einen vorbestimmten Wert ansteigt, wobei dieser vorbestimmte Wert insbesondere einem Maximalladungszustand der Speicherzelle entspricht, wird der Ladestrom unterbrochen, sodass eine weitere Aufladung der Speicherzelle in vorteilhafter Weise wirksam verhindert wird. Insofern kann eine Überladung der Speicherzelle verhindert werden bzw. falls die Speicherzelle bereits überladen wurde, kann eine weitere Überladung verhindert werden. Dadurch, dass, nachdem der Ladestrom unterbrochen wurde, die Speicherzelle zumindest teilweise entladen wird, wird die Ladung bzw. Überladung in der Speicherzelle abgebaut. Somit wird in vorteilhafter Weise eine Beschädigung aufgrund eines Überladungszustandes der Speicherzelle wirksam vermieden. Vorzugsweise wird die Speicherzelle solange entladen, bis die physikalische Größe unter einem vorbestimmten Wert liegt. Thus, the invention includes the idea that during a charging process of a memory cell, a physical quantity in the memory cell is monitored. This physical variable is dependent, in particular, on a state of charge of the memory cell. If this physical quantity increases above a predetermined value, this predetermined value corresponding in particular to a maximum charge state of the memory cell, the charging current is interrupted so that further charging of the memory cell is advantageously effectively prevented. In this respect, an overcharge of the memory cell can be prevented or, if the memory cell has already been overcharged, a further overcharge can be prevented. In that, after the charging current has been interrupted, the memory cell is at least partially discharged, the charge or overcharge in the memory cell is degraded. Thus, advantageously, damage due to an overcharge state of the memory cell is effectively avoided. Preferably, the memory cell is discharged until the physical quantity is below a predetermined value.
Nach einer Ausführungsform ist das Schaltelement ein reversibles Schaltelement. Reversibel bedeutet hier insbesondere, dass das Schaltelement zwischen dem offenen Schaltzustand und dem geschlossenen Schaltzustand hin- und hergeschaltet werden kann. Somit kann also in vorteilhafter Weise die Speicherzelle weiter geladen werden bzw. neu aufgeladen werden, wenn die physikalische Größe wieder einem zulässigen Wert entspricht, da das reversible Schaltelement den Ladestromkreis wieder schließen kann. According to one embodiment, the switching element is a reversible switching element. Reversible here means in particular that the switching element between the open switching state and the closed switching state can be switched back and forth. Thus, advantageously, the memory cell can be further charged or recharged when the physical size again corresponds to an allowable value, since the reversible switching element can close the charging circuit again.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das Schaltelement ein Transistor, insbesondere ein Feldeffekttransistor, vorzugsweise ein selbstleitender Feldeffekttransistor oder ein Relais. In a further embodiment, the switching element is a transistor, in particular a field effect transistor, preferably a self-conducting field effect transistor or a relay.
Gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform umfasst das Entlademittel eine Diode, vorzugsweise eine Zener-Diode, eine Schottky-Diode oder eine Suppressor- Diode, welche parallel zum Schaltelement geschaltet ist. Hierbei ist die Diode bezogen auf eine Ladestromrichtung in Sperrrichtung geschaltet, sodass die Diode den Ladestrom nicht passieren lässt. Sie wirkt insofern als Isolator. Der Ladestrom kann insofern nur durch das geschlossene Schaltelement fließen, welches für einen Ladevorgang geschlossen wird. Erst wenn das Schaltelement geöffnet wird, sodass der Ladestrom unterbrochen wird, kann ein Entladestrom von den Speicherzellen über die Diode abfließen. Die Diode überbrückt insofern das Schalterelement. Es kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass, nachdem die Speicherzelle zumindest teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, entladen wurde, das Schaltelement den Ladestromkreis wieder schließt und somit ihrerseits die Diode überbrückt. Vorzugsweise können auch mehrere Dioden vorgesehen sein. According to another embodiment, the discharge means comprises a diode, preferably a Zener diode, a Schottky diode or a suppressor diode, which is connected in parallel with the switching element. In this case, the diode is connected in the reverse direction with respect to a charging current direction so that the diode does not allow the charging current to pass. It acts insofar as an insulator. The charging current can only flow insofar through the closed switching element, which is closed for a charging process. Only when the switching element is opened, so that the charging current is interrupted, a discharge current can flow from the memory cells via the diode. The diode thus bridges the switch element. It can be provided in particular that, after the memory cell has been at least partially, preferably completely, discharged, the switching element closes the charging circuit again and thus in turn bridges the diode. Preferably, a plurality of diodes may also be provided.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst das Entlademittel ein weiteres Schaltelement und einen oder mehrere elektrische Widerstände, welche parallel zu der Speicherzelle geschaltet sind. Ein Entladen der Speicherzelle kann also über den Wderstand bzw. die Wderstände stattfinden. Insbesondere kann das weitere Schaltelement analog zu dem Schaltelement gebildet sein. Die diesbe- _. According to a further embodiment, the discharging means comprises a further switching element and one or more electrical resistors, which are connected in parallel with the memory cell. A discharge of the memory cell can therefore take place on the Wderstand or Wderstände. In particular, the further switching element may be formed analogously to the switching element. The _.
züglichen Ausführungen gelten analog. Vorzugsweise ist das weitere Schaltelement mittels der Überwachungsvorrichtung steuerbar. Die Überwachungsvorrichtung kann also zunächst das Schaltelement betätigen, so dass der Ladestromkreis unterbrochen wird. Nach einer vorbestimmten Zeit betätigt sie dann das weitere Schaltelement, so dass der elektrische Widerstand bzw. die elektrischen Widerstände parallel zu der Speicherzelle geschaltet wird bzw. werden. Nach dem zumindest teilweisen Entladen öffnet das weitere Schaltelement, so dass ein Entladen der Speicherzelle über den Wderstand nicht mehr möglich ist. Suitable versions apply analogously. Preferably, the further switching element is controllable by means of the monitoring device. The monitoring device can therefore first actuate the switching element, so that the charging circuit is interrupted. After a predetermined time, it then actuates the further switching element, so that the electrical resistance or the electrical resistances is or are switched parallel to the memory cell. After the at least partial discharge, the further switching element opens, so that it is no longer possible to discharge the memory cell via the heat resistor.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform sind mehrere Speicherzellen gebildet. Die Speicherzellen können zur Erhöhung einer mittels der Speicherzellen bereitgestellten Spannung insbesondere in Reihe geschaltet werden oder zur Erhöhung einer Gesamtkapazität der Speicherzellen parallel geschaltet werden. Vorzugsweise kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass einige Speicherzellen parallel geschaltet sind und einige Speicherzellen in Reihe geschaltet sind, wobei die parallel geschalteten Speicherzellen zu den in Reihe geschalteten Speicherzellen wiederum parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet sind. Insbesondere reicht es bei mehreren Speicherzellen aus, dass eine physikalische Größe in einer Speicherzelle über einen vorbestimmten Wert liegt, um den Ladevorgang abzubrechen. In another embodiment, a plurality of memory cells are formed. In order to increase a voltage provided by the memory cells, the memory cells can be connected in particular in series or connected in parallel to increase a total capacitance of the memory cells. Preferably, it can also be provided that some memory cells are connected in parallel and some memory cells are connected in series, wherein the memory cells connected in parallel to the series-connected memory cells are in turn connected in parallel or in series. In particular, it is sufficient for a plurality of memory cells that a physical quantity in a memory cell is above a predetermined value in order to interrupt the charging process.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf Figuren näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen The invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to figures. Show here
Fig. 1 eine Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie, 1 shows a storage device for storing electrical energy,
Fig. 2 ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie, 2 shows a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy,
Fig. 3 eine weitere Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie und Fig. 3 shows a further memory device for storing electrical energy and
Fig. 4 eine andere Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie. 4 shows another storage device for storing electrical energy.
Im Folgenden werden für gleiche Merkmale gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet. „ Hereinafter, like reference numerals are used for like features. "
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Speichervorrichtung 101 zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie. Die Speichervorrichtung 101 umfasst eine Speicherzelle 103, welche mittels eines elektrischen Ladestroms aufgeladen werden kann. Eine Überwachungsvorrichtung 105 überwacht eine physikalische Größe in der Speicherzelle 103. Bei der physikalischen Größe kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Speicherzellentemperatur und/oder eine Speicherzellenspannung handeln. Die Überwachungsvorrichtung 105 steuert ein Schaltelement 107, welches den elektrischen Ladestrom unterbrechen kann, wobei die Steuerung abhängig von der überwachten physikalischen Größe durchgeführt wird. Ferner ist ein Entlademittel 109 vorgesehen, welches, wenn das Schaltelement 107 den Ladestrom unterbricht, die Speicherzelle 103 zumindest teilweise entlädt, insbesondere vollständig entlädt. Fig. 1 shows a storage device 101 for storing electrical energy. The memory device 101 comprises a memory cell 103, which can be charged by means of an electrical charging current. A monitoring device 105 monitors a physical quantity in the memory cell 103. The physical variable may be, for example, a memory cell temperature and / or a memory cell voltage. The monitoring device 105 controls a switching element 107, which can interrupt the electric charging current, wherein the control is performed depending on the monitored physical quantity. Furthermore, a discharge means 109 is provided, which, when the switching element 107 interrupts the charging current, at least partially discharges the storage cell 103, in particular completely discharges it.
Somit wird also in vorteilhafter Weise nicht nur eine weitere Überladung der Speicherzelle 103 verhindert, es wird darüber hinaus auch eine Überladung in der Speicherzelle 103 abgebaut, indem mittels des Entlademittels 109 die Speicherzelle 103 entladen wird. Thus, advantageously not only a further overcharge of the memory cell 103 is prevented, but it also degrades overcharging in the memory cell 103 by the memory cell 103 is discharged by means of the discharge means 109.
In einer nicht gezeigten Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Entlademittel 109 mittels der Überwachungsvorrichtung 105 steuerbar ist. In one embodiment, not shown, it may be provided that the discharge means 109 is controllable by means of the monitoring device 105.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie, wobei die Speichervorrichtung eine Speicherzelle aufweist. In einem Schritt 201 wird die Speicherzelle mittels eines elektrischen Ladestroms aufgeladen, wobei während des Ladevorgangs eine physikalische Größe in der Speicherzelle überwacht wird. In einem Schritt 203 wird der elektrische Ladestrom abhängig von der überwachten Größe unterbrochen, insbesondere wenn die überwachte Größe größer als ein vorbestimmter Wert ist. In einem Schritt 205 wird, nachdem der Ladestrom unterbrochen wurde, die Speicherzelle zumindest teilweise entladen. Insbesondere wird die Speicherzelle vollständig entladen. FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating a storage device for storing electrical energy, the storage device having a storage cell. In a step 201, the memory cell is charged by means of an electrical charging current, wherein a physical quantity in the memory cell is monitored during the charging process. In a step 203, the charging electric current is interrupted depending on the monitored quantity, in particular, when the monitored quantity is larger than a predetermined value. In a step 205, after the charging current has been interrupted, the memory cell is at least partially discharged. In particular, the memory cell is completely discharged.
In einer nicht gezeigten Ausführungsform wird die Speicherzelle solange entladen, bis die physikalische Größe unter einem vorbestimmten Wert liegt. Anschließend kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Speicherzelle wieder automatisch geladen wird. Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Speichervorrichtung 301 zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie. Die Speichervorrichtung 301 umfasst mehrere Speicherzellen 303, welche in Reihe geschaltet sind. Eine jeweilige physikalische Größe in den Speicherzellen 303 wird mittels einer Überwachungsvorrichtung 305 überwacht. Abhängig von der überwachten Größe steuert die Überwachungsvorrichtung 305 ein Schaltelement 307, sodass dieses einen Ladestromkreis 311 umfassend zwei Kontakte 311 a und 31 1 b unterbricht, sodass kein Ladestrom mehr zu den Speicherzellen 303 fließen kann. Hierbei ist das Schaltelement 307 in Reihe mit dem Ladestromkreis 311 und mit den Speicherzellen 303 zwischen dem Ladekontakt 311 a und den Speicherzellen 303 geschaltet. In an embodiment not shown, the memory cell is discharged until the physical quantity is below a predetermined value. Subsequently, it can be provided that the memory cell is automatically charged again. 3 shows a further storage device 301 for storing electrical energy. The memory device 301 includes a plurality of memory cells 303 connected in series. A respective physical quantity in the memory cells 303 is monitored by means of a monitoring device 305. Depending on the monitored quantity, the monitoring device 305 controls a switching element 307 such that it interrupts a charging circuit 311 comprising two contacts 311 a and 31 1 b so that no charging current can flow to the memory cells 303 any more. Here, the switching element 307 is connected in series with the charging circuit 311 and with the memory cells 303 between the charging contact 311 a and the memory cells 303.
Parallel zu dem Schaltelement 307 ist ein Entlademittel 309 in Form einer Diode geschaltet, wobei die Diode 309 in Richtung des Ladestroms in Sperrrichtung geschaltet ist. Das heißt, solange das Schaltelement 307 den Ladestromkreis 311 schließt, kann nur ein Ladestrom durch das Schaltelement 307 zu den Speicherzellen 303 fließen, nicht jedoch durch die Diode 309, die in Ladestromrichtung insofern als ein Isolator wirkt. Wenn das Schaltelement 307 den Ladestromkreis 31 1 unterbricht, fließt ein elektrischer Entladestrom von den Speicherzellen 303 über die Diode 309 zum Kontakt 311 a hin, sodass die Speicherzellen 303 entladen werden. Der Kontakt 311 a kann insofern auch als ein Lade/Entladekontakt bezeichnet werden. Der Kontakt 31 1 b ist vorzugsweise ein Massekontakt. Parallel to the switching element 307, a discharge means 309 is connected in the form of a diode, wherein the diode 309 is connected in the direction of the charging current in the reverse direction. That is, as long as the switching element 307 closes the charging circuit 311, only one charging current can flow through the switching element 307 to the memory cells 303, but not through the diode 309, which acts as an insulator in the charging current direction. When the switching element 307 interrupts the charging circuit 31 1, an electric discharge current flows from the memory cells 303 via the diode 309 to the contact 311 a, so that the memory cells 303 are discharged. The contact 311 a may also be referred to as a charge / discharge contact. The contact 31 1 b is preferably a ground contact.
Insbesondere wenn die jeweilige physikalische Größe in den Speicherzellen 303 wieder unter einem vorbestimmten Wert liegt, wird das Schaltelement 307 von der Überwachungsvorrichtung 305 derart angesteuert, dass das Schaltelement 307 den Ladestromkreis 31 1 wieder schließt. Die Speicherzellen 303 können insofern wieder geladen werden. Falls hierbei beispielsweise die Speichervorrichtung 301 immer noch mit einem Ladegerät kontaktiert ist, welches einen Lade- ström nicht automatisch abschalten kann, wird das Schaltelement 307 wieder den Ladestromkreis 31 1 öffnen, wenn während des Ladevorgangs die jeweilige physikalische Größe in den Speicherzellen 303 über einen zulässigen Wert ansteigt. In particular, when the respective physical quantity in the memory cells 303 is again below a predetermined value, the switching element 307 is controlled by the monitoring device 305 in such a way that the switching element 307 closes the charging circuit 31 1 again. The memory cells 303 can be recharged so far. If, for example, the memory device 301 is still contacted with a charger which can not automatically switch off a charging current, the switching element 307 will again open the charging circuit 31 1 if, during the charging process, the respective physical variable in the memory cells 303 exceeds a permissible value Value increases.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine andere Speichervorrichtung 401 zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie. Im Vergleich zu der Speichervorrichtung 301 in Fig. 3 weist die Speichervorrichtung 401 keine Diode auf, welche parallel zu dem Schaltelement 307 geschaltet ist. Als Entlademittel sind hier ein Widerstand 403 und ein weiteres Schaltelement 405 vorgesehen, welche beide in Reihe zueinander geschaltet sind, wobei diese beiden Elemente dann parallel zu den Speicherzellen 303 geschaltet sind. Insbesondere wird das weitere Schaltelement 405 mittels der Überwachungsvorrichtung 305 angesteuert. Vorzugsweise können auch mehrere4 shows another storage device 401 for storing electrical energy. Compared to the memory device 301 in FIG. 3, the memory device 401 has no diode which is parallel to the switching element 307 is switched. As discharge means, a resistor 403 and a further switching element 405 are provided here, which are both connected in series with one another, these two elements then being connected in parallel with the memory cells 303. In particular, the further switching element 405 is controlled by means of the monitoring device 305. Preferably, several can
Widerstände vorgesehen, welche untereinander in Reihe oder parallel geschaltet sind, wobei insbesondere vorgesehen sein kann, dass einige Widerstände in Reihe und andere Widerstände parallel zu einander geschaltet sind. Nachdem das Schaltelement 307 den Ladestromkreis 31 1 unterbrochen hat, schließt das weitere Schaltelement 405, sodass der Wderstand 403 parallel zu den weiteren Speicherzellen 303 geschaltet wird, sodass sich über den Wderstand 403 die Speicherzellen 303 entladen können. Wenn die Überwachungsvorrichtung 305 erfasst, dass die jeweilige physikalische Größe in den Speicherzellen 303 unter einen vorbestimmten Wert gesunken ist, öffnet sie das weitereProvided resistors, which are connected to each other in series or in parallel, in particular, it may be provided that some resistors in series and other resistors are connected in parallel to each other. After the switching element 307 has interrupted the charging circuit 31 1, the further switching element 405 closes, so that the Wderstand 403 is connected in parallel to the other memory cells 303, so that over the Wderstand 403, the memory cells 303 can discharge. When the monitoring device 305 detects that the respective physical quantity in the memory cells 303 has dropped below a predetermined value, it opens the further one
Schaltelement 405, so dass eine weitere Entladung verhindert wird. Insbesondere schließt sie das Schaltelement 307, sodass die Speicherzellen 303 wieder geladen werden können. In einer nicht gezeigten Ausführungsform kann zusätzlich zu dem weiterenSwitching element 405, so that further discharge is prevented. In particular, it closes the switching element 307 so that the memory cells 303 can be recharged. In an embodiment not shown, in addition to the other
Schaltelement 405 und dem Widerstand 403 auch noch eine Diode parallel zu dem Schaltelement 307 geschaltet sein analog zu der Speichervorrichtung 301 in Fig. 3. Zusammenfassend verhindert die Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise, dass Speicherzellen aufgrund einer Überladung beschädigt werden, wobei dies unabhängig von einem Ladegerät bewirkt wird. Das heißt also insbesondere, dass selbst ein Ladegerät, das aufgrund eines Defekts den Ladestrom nicht automatisch abschalten kann bzw. überhaupt keine solche automatische Abschaltung aufweist, nicht die Speicherzellen so überladen kann, dass diese dauerhaft beschädigt werden. Eine diesbezügliche redundante Auslegung des Ladegeräts bezogen auf eine Abschaltautomatik ist folglich nicht mehr erforderlich. Switching element 405 and the resistor 403 also be a diode connected in parallel to the switching element 307 analogous to the memory device 301 in Fig. 3. In summary, the invention advantageously prevents memory cells from being damaged due to overcharge, this being independent of a charger becomes. This means, in particular, that even a charger that can not automatically switch off the charging current due to a defect or has no such automatic switch-off at all, can not overload the memory cells in such a way that they are permanently damaged. A related redundant design of the charger with respect to a shutdown is therefore no longer necessary.

Claims

Speichervorrichtung (101) zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie, mit einer mittels eines elektrischen Ladestroms aufladbaren Speicherzelle (103) und einer Überwachungsvorrichtung (105) zum Überwachen einer physikalischen Größe in der Speicherzelle (103), wobei eine mittels der Überwachungsvorrichtung (105) abhängig von der überwachten Größe steuerbares Schaltelement (107) zum Unterbrechen des Ladestroms gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Entlademittel (109) zum Entladen der Speicherzelle (103) bei Unterbrechung des Ladestroms vorgesehen ist.  A storage device (101) for storing electrical energy comprising a storage cell (103) chargeable by an electrical charging current and a monitor (105) for monitoring a physical quantity in the storage cell (103), one of which being monitored by the monitor (105) monitored size controllable switching element (107) is formed for interrupting the charging current, characterized in that a discharge means (109) for discharging the memory cell (103) is provided when the charging current.
Speichervorrichtung (101) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Schaltelement (107) ein reversibles Schaltelement ist. The memory device (101) of claim 1, wherein the switching element (107) is a reversible switching element.
Speichervorrichtung (101) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Schaltelement (107) ein Transistor, ein Feldeffekttransistor oder ein Relais. A memory device (101) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the switching element (107) is a transistor, a field effect transistor or a relay.
Speichervorrichtung (101) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei das Entlademittel (109) eine Diode (309) umfasst, welche parallel zu dem Schaltelement (107) geschaltet ist. A memory device (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge means (109) comprises a diode (309) connected in parallel with the switching element (107).
Speichervorrichtung (101) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei das Entlademittel ein weiteres Schaltelement (405) und einen elektrischen Widerstand (403) umfasst, welche parallel zu der Speicherzelle (103) geschaltet sind. The memory device (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge means comprises a further switching element (405) and an electrical resistance (403), which are connected in parallel with the memory cell (103).
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speichervorrichtung (101) zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie mit einer Speicherzelle (103), wobei die Speicherzelle (103) mittels eines elektrischen Ladestroms aufgeladen und eine physikalische Größe in der Speicherzelle überwacht werden und wobei der elektrische Ladestrom abhängig von der überwachten Größe unterbrochen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Unterbrechen des Ladestroms die Speicherzelle (103) zumindest teilweise entladen wird. A method of operating a memory device (101) for storing electrical energy with a memory cell (103), wherein the memory cell (103) is charged by means of an electrical charging current and a physical quantity in the memory cell are monitored and wherein the electrical charging current depends on the monitored quantity is interrupted, characterized in that after the interruption of the charging current, the memory cell (103) is at least partially discharged.
EP12703055.9A 2011-03-11 2012-02-01 Storage device for storing electrical energy and method for operating a storage device Withdrawn EP2684272A1 (en)

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