EP2683839B1 - Procédé pour produire un acier formable à haute résistance et acier formable à haute résistance produit par celui-ci - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire un acier formable à haute résistance et acier formable à haute résistance produit par celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2683839B1
EP2683839B1 EP12708008.3A EP12708008A EP2683839B1 EP 2683839 B1 EP2683839 B1 EP 2683839B1 EP 12708008 A EP12708008 A EP 12708008A EP 2683839 B1 EP2683839 B1 EP 2683839B1
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Prior art keywords
strip
martensite
temperature
austenite
carbon
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EP12708008.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2683839A1 (fr
Inventor
David Neal Hanlon
Stefanus Matheus Cornelis VAN BOHEMEN
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Tata Steel Nederland Technology BV
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Tata Steel Nederland Technology BV
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0224Two or more thermal pretreatments
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0278Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment

Definitions

  • WO2010/029983 discloses a method for manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet, comprising hot-rolling and then cold-rolling a billet to be formed into a steel sheet having the composition on a mass percent basis: 0.17%-0.73% C; 3.0% or less Si; 0.5%-3.0% Mn; 0.1% or less P; 0.07% or less S; 3.0% or less Al; 0.010% or less N, balance Fe and incidental impurities to form a cold-rolled steel sheet, annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet in an austenite single-phase region for 15 seconds to 600 seconds, cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet to a first temperature range of 50 °C to 300 °C at an average cooling rate of 8 °C/s or more, heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to a second temperature range of 350 °C to 490 °C, and maintaining the cold-rolled steel sheet at the second temperature range for 5 seconds to 1000 seconds.
  • austenite is simply chemically stabilised by large additions of Mn. Although clearly differentiated strength-ductility combinations can be achieved in this way, processing has proven to be difficult since hard, brittle martensitic phases are developed in intermediate product. This renders further processing, such as cold rolling, difficult at dimensions relevant to commercial processing. Furthermore, alloy costs are high due to the high manganese content.
  • the steel is then subjected to a thermal treatment to partition carbon from the martensite into the austenite.
  • the carbon enrichment of the austenite fraction is achieved by partitioning from martensite or low temperature bainitic transformation or preferably a combination of both. By this partitioning, the formation of carbides is suppressed and the austenite is stabilised rather than decomposed.
  • Combined stabilisation with partitioning and bainitic transformation enables the amount of austenite and the microstructure in which it is embedded to be optimised.
  • the bainitic transformation also leads to carbon enrichment of the remaining austenite because the formation of carbides is suppressed. All compositions are given in weight percentages, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the final microstructure of the steel comprises martensite, bainite and carbon-enriched austenite and, if T 1 ⁇ Ac 3 , equiaxed ferrite.
  • the stabilisation of austenite results in the steel exhibiting improved ductility relative to traditional high strength steels.
  • V Vanadium
  • C Vanadium
  • N Vanadium
  • V addition up to 0.4wt% is effective. Higher additions are undesirable for reasons of cost and because excessive levels of precipitation tie up high amounts of C. Since free C is required for austenite stabilisation too high V requires increased C addition.
  • V is below 0.1%.
  • the equilibrium transformation temperature Ae 3 is only determined by the composition, the value of the corresponding Ac 3 temperature is not a constant value as its value depends among others on the heating rate during which Ac 3 is measured and the starting microstructure of the steel. Usually Ac 3 is determined using dilatometry. When the heating rate used during dilatometry and the microstructure of the test specimen are those used in the process according to the invention, the value of Ac 3 is easy to determine.
  • the correct balance of isothermal holding temperature and isothermal holding time must be chosen for each composition. These can be determined by means of dilatometry as described hereinbelow.
  • the partitioning temperature and time are chosen such as to optimise the enrichment of carbon in the austenite but without creation of deleterious microstructures during the isothermal hold.
  • the strip is cooled to ambient temperature.
  • the strip may also be coated with zinc or other such metallic layers using a suitable method of deposition either in-line or in a following process step.
  • Si is preferred to that of Al such that a minimum silicon content of 1wt% and a max maximum aluminium content of 0.5 wt% is defined.
  • Si provides substantial strengthening allowing the achievement of ultra high strength, more effectively suppresses carbide formation enabling longer isothermal holds without formation of large volumes of coarse iron carbides, and because it does not accelerate bainite formation to the same extent as Al thus preventing excessive formation of bainite and enabling higher strengths to be achieved.
  • the metal or metal alloy coating is zinc, aluminium, magnesium or alloys thereof.
  • the steel is afforded sacrificial corrosion protection since the zinc and aluminium will oxidise in preference to iron in the steel.
  • the metallic coating is provided by hot-dip galvanising or by electro-galvanising.
  • the partitioning step for 20s at 330°C shows no dilation of the sample, which means that no bainite is formed, carbon is partitioned and the martensite is only marginally tempered.
  • the transformation to martensite re-starts at temperatures lower than the quench temperature of 280°C, namely at 250°C, which indicates that the austenite has been stabilized due to carbon partitioning.
  • Increased partition times at 330°C show that the transformation to martensite re-starts at lower temperatures than 250°C.
  • the dilation observed during annealing of the sample for 20s at 440°C means that bainite is formed.
  • carbon is partitioned and the martensite is tempered. The consequence of this high partitioning temperature is that the martensite is severely tempered.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de production d'un acier trempé et partitionné en utilisant une bande d'acier laminée à froid et recuite contenant (en % en poids) :
    • 0,18 - 0,4 % C
    • 1,5 - 4,0 % Mn
    • 0,5 - 2,0 % Si
    • 0 - 1,5 % Al
    • 0 - 0,5 % Mo
    • 0 - 0,5% Ti
    • 0 - 0,1 % V
    • 0 - 0,010 % Nb
    • 0 - 0,005 % B
    • 0 - 0,015 % N
    • 0 - 0,08 % P
    • 0-0,01 %S
    • 0 - 0,06 % Sb
    • 0 - 0,05 % Ca
    • 0 - 0,5 % Cr
    • 0-1,0% Ni
    • le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables
    dans lequel le procédé de recuit comprend les étapes suivantes :
    (i) réchauffer la bande laminée à froid à une température de recuit T1 comprise entre Ac3-40 et Ac3+80 ;
    (ii) maintenir la bande à T1 pendant un temps de recuit t1 compris entre 10 et 200 secondes ;
    (iii) refroidir la bande recuite à la vitesse de refroidissement critique CR1 pour éviter la formation de ferrite et de perlite à une température de trempe T2 pour produire une microstructure dans la bande comprenant une fraction de martensite et une fraction d'austénite résiduelle ;
    (iv) recuire pour repartitionnement la bande refroidie à une température T3 pour enrichir l'austénite en carbone en repartitionnant le carbone à partir de la martensite à la fraction d'austénite pendant un temps de repartitionnement t2 compris entre 20 et 500 secondes, dans lequel la fraction de martensite est comprise entre 60 et 90 % de la microstructure au début du recuit de repartitionnement dans lequel (Ms-70) < T3 ≤ (Ms+50) ;
    (v) refroidir la bande à une vitesse de refroidissement CR2 à température ambiante.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel CR1 est d'au moins 30 °C/s.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la fraction de martensite est au maximum de 85 % de la microstructure au début du recuit de partitionnement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel : AC 3 - 40 < T 1 AC 3 + 50 pour le carbone entre 0 , 18 - 0 , 3 % C
    Figure imgb0014

    ou AC 3 - 20 < T 1 AC 3 + 30 pour le carbone entre 0 , 3 à 0 , 4 % C
    Figure imgb0015
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel T1 est supérieure à Ac3.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bande laminée à froid contient au maximum 0,5 % d'Al.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bande laminée à froid contient au moins 0,25 % de C et au moins 0,01 % d'Al.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel T2 est égale à T3.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 dans lequel T2 est inférieure à T3.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bande laminée à froid et recuite est revêtue d'une ou plusieurs couche(s) métallique(s), de préférence dans lequel l'étape de fourniture de revêtement métallique est par galvanisation à chaud ou électro-galvanisation.
  11. Bande d'acier produite par l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle l'acier a une microstructure contenant au moins 5 % d'austénite, dans laquelle la microstructure contient de 60 à 90 % (en volume) de martensite traitée thermiquement et dans laquelle un e-rapport est d'au moins 1,8 et une résistance à la traction (UTS) d'au moins 900 MPa, dans laquelle l'e-rapport est défini comme emeasured/ecalculated et dans laquelle ecalculated est calculé selon : e calculated = k 1 UTS 3
    Figure imgb0016

    et dans laquelle emeasured est l'allongement mesuré à partir d'un échantillon de longueur de calibre de 80 mm à 1 mm d'épaisseur, ou dans laquelle emeasured est l'allongement mesuré à une autre géométrie et converti en un allongement équivalent sur un calibre de 80 mm à 1 mm d'épaisseur à l'aide de : e 2 = e 1 L 1 L 2 A 2 A 1 m
    Figure imgb0017
  12. Bande d'acier selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle la microstructure contient en outre un ou plusieurs parmi la bainite, la martensite, la martensite trempée, la ferrite, les carbures fins.
  13. Bande d'acier selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans laquelle la microstructure ne contient pas de ferrite et/ou de cémentite grossière.
  14. Bande d'acier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, dans laquelle le rapport limite d'élasticité/résistance à la traction est d'au moins 0,6.
EP12708008.3A 2011-03-07 2012-03-07 Procédé pour produire un acier formable à haute résistance et acier formable à haute résistance produit par celui-ci Revoked EP2683839B1 (fr)

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EP11157239 2011-03-07
EP12708008.3A EP2683839B1 (fr) 2011-03-07 2012-03-07 Procédé pour produire un acier formable à haute résistance et acier formable à haute résistance produit par celui-ci
PCT/EP2012/053856 WO2012120020A1 (fr) 2011-03-07 2012-03-07 Procédé pour produire un acier formable à haute résistance et acier formable à haute résistance produit par celui-ci

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US11136656B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2021-10-05 Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Properties Inc. High manganese 3rd generation advanced high strength steels
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EP3754037B1 (fr) * 2019-06-17 2022-03-02 Tata Steel IJmuiden B.V. Procédé de traitement thermique d'une bande d'acier laminée à froid à haute résistance
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CN116287965B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2024-07-23 四川大学 一种V-Ti-N微合金化高强钢及其P-Q&P工艺
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