EP2679776A1 - Système de refroidissement et procédé pour turbine à flux axial - Google Patents
Système de refroidissement et procédé pour turbine à flux axial Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2679776A1 EP2679776A1 EP12174115.1A EP12174115A EP2679776A1 EP 2679776 A1 EP2679776 A1 EP 2679776A1 EP 12174115 A EP12174115 A EP 12174115A EP 2679776 A1 EP2679776 A1 EP 2679776A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- blades
- casing
- grooves
- working fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/10—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2210/00—Working fluids
- F05D2210/30—Flow characteristics
- F05D2210/34—Laminar flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to a system for cooling axial flow turbines, particularly low-pressure steam turbines. More specifically it relates to a system for cooling last stage blades in low-pressure steam turbines, in particular where such last stage blades are made from composite materials.
- Composite materials are typically less temperature resistant than metals. This can be a problem, in particular during low volume flow operation and full speed conditions. Under such conditions not enough heat is carried by the volume flow through the turbine and particularly the last stage blades become susceptible to windage heating of the blade tip area. Normal blade temperatures typically do not exceed 65° C. However, last stage blade tip temperatures can exceed 250° C under windage conditions without corrective means. At such temperatures, the mechanical properties of composite material are significantly impacted and they may suffer permanent degradation.
- a solution to windage heating is provided by Patent application No. US2007/292265 A1 .
- the solution comprises injecting a cooling medium in the vicinity of the last stage tip region.
- the medium which includes either steam or water, may be injected from the casing either fore or aft of the blade tip.
- a small extraction groove for extracting flow through the outer sidewall may be provided near the blade tip just forward of the blade.
- an axial flow turbine having a casing defining a flow path for a working fluid therein, a rotor co -axial to the casing, a plurality of stages, each including a stationary row of vanes circumferentially mounted on the casing a rotating row of blades, circumferentially mounted on the rotor, with an inner face of the casing exposed to the working fluid having one or more essentially circumferential grooves of increasing depth each ending in an extraction port with a bore.
- the grooves follow typically a circumferential line around the inner face of the casing. However the may also deviate by preferably only up to 10 degrees from the circumferential line. If deviating, the grooves deviate preferably in general flow direction through the turbine.
- the inner face of the casing in this invention can be the inner face of any part mounted onto the actual inner face of the casing such as diaphragms, vane carriers, heat shield etc.
- the grooves are machined into the face of the part which is exposed to the flow of the working fluid.
- the depth of the groove start at zero depth.
- the depth best increases smoothly to avoid the formation of vortices or other obstacles to a smooth extraction of working fluid.
- the bore of the extraction port is preferably oriented tangentially to the groove to take advantage of the flow direction of the steam at low volume flow conditions in the turbine.
- the one or more grooves such that they end at a joint line of the casing and bores for the extraction ports at the opposite side of the joint line. In this manner the bore can be implemented by drilling through the face of the joint.
- the one or more grooves in conjunction with the extraction port are best adapted to remove working fluid from a volume in the vicinity of the tip of the blades for the purpose of cooling the tips of rotating blades, particularly blades of composite material, for which heating is a more severe problem than for metal blades.
- the preferred position of the grooves is located between vanes and blades of the last stage of the turbine.
- Fig. 1 shows an exemplary multiple stage axial flow turbine 10.
- the turbine 10 comprises a casing 11 enclosing stationary vanes 12 that are circumferentially mounted thereon and rotating blades 13 that are circumferentially mounted on a rotor 14 with the rotor resting in bearings (not shown).
- the casing 11, vanes 12 and blades 13 define a flow path for a working fluid such as steam therein.
- Each blade 12 has an airfoil extending into the flow path from the rotor 14 to a tip region 131 wherein the tip region 131 is defined as the top one third of the airfoil part of the blade 13.
- the blade 13 can be made of metal, including metal alloys, composites including layered composites that comprise layered carbon fibre bonded by resins or a mixture of both metal and composites.
- the multiple stages of the turbine 10 are defined as a pair of stationary vane and a moving blade rows wherein the last stage of the turbine 10 is located towards the downstream end of the turbine 10 as defined by the normal flow direction (as indicated by arrows) through the turbine 10.
- the turbine 10 can be a steam turbine and in particularly a low pressure (LP) steam turbine. As LP turbine, it is followed typically by a condenser unit (not shown), in which the steam condensates.
- FIG. 2B shows a cross-section of part of the turbine along the line A-A' of FIG. 2A .
- a pair of shallow grooves 111 are machined into the inner face of the casing 11 (or of a vane carrier, if the vanes are not mounted directly onto the casing).
- the depth of each groove 111 increases gradually in direction of the rotation of the blades 13 from zero to a final depth d after approximately one half turn. At the final depth d the groove enters into an extraction hole or channel 112.
- the extraction hole 112 is tangentially to the groove 111 such that the opening of the channel is essentially perpendicular to groove.
- the extraction hole releases the steam into a water cooled mixing chamber or directly into a condenser.
- the extraction hole or channel 112 can be shut using a valve 113 or other suitable means. In normal operations the extraction channels is closed and opened only when the extraction is required, i.e under low flow volumes or when the temperature of the blades is rising beyond their operational limits.
- FIG. 2C which shows a cross-section along line B-B' of FIG. 2B
- the groove 111 has approached close to half its final depth d.
- FIG. 2D which shows a cross-section along line C-C' of FIG. 2B
- the groove 111 is shown at the point of entering the extraction hole or channel 112.
- the groove 111 and the extraction hole 112 are oriented such that hot steam having a circumferential velocity component due to the rotation of the turbine is diverted from a volume close to the tip of the last stage blades 13 and guide by the grooves into the tangential extraction hole.
- the groove 111 and the extraction hole 112 are preferably located between the axial positions of the row of vanes 12 and blades 13 as volumes of hot steam are found to circulate in that volume.
- the width of the groove and the and the extraction hole 112 are design parameter and can in an extreme case take up most of the inner surface of the casing between the blades and vanes but are likely to be much smaller for typical turbines as in actual use today.
- the flow through the turbine can changes significantly as the mass flow volume drops from its operational level to a lower level such as less than 50 per cent of the normal mass flow, or even less than 30 per cent of the normal mass flow. It is found that under such low volume operations the flow through the turbine, which is usually optimized for the operation mass flow levels, changes to leave pockets where the flow has only a small axial component.
- the turbine has a smooth flow field as indicated by the stream lines under normal flow volumes.
- the flow has a predominant axial velocity component in direction to the exit of the turbine.
- the flow volume through the turbine is reduced as is the case for example during start-up, run-out, load change or emergency situations the flow pattern changes to a more complex picture as illustrated in FIG. 3B .
- the bores for holes 112 start at the split between the upper and lower half of the turbine casing 11.
- the bores can be placed in principle at any point along the circumference of the casing or vane carrier. It is also possible to increase the number of grooves from 2 to 3, 4 or more along the same circumferential line. In such a variant of the invention, the gradient of the grooves is steeper to achieve the same target depth d after less than a half turn.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12174115.1A EP2679776A1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Système de refroidissement et procédé pour turbine à flux axial |
US13/929,227 US20140003907A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-27 | Cooling system and method for an axial flow turbine |
JP2013136598A JP5615408B2 (ja) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-28 | 軸流タービン用の冷却システムおよび方法 |
CN201310264113.8A CN103527258B (zh) | 2012-06-28 | 2013-06-28 | 轴流式涡轮及冷却轴流式涡轮叶片的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12174115.1A EP2679776A1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Système de refroidissement et procédé pour turbine à flux axial |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2679776A1 true EP2679776A1 (fr) | 2014-01-01 |
Family
ID=46331139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12174115.1A Withdrawn EP2679776A1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | Système de refroidissement et procédé pour turbine à flux axial |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140003907A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2679776A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5615408B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103527258B (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113153453A (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-07-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 汽轮机末级叶片容积流量估计方法、颤振预警方法及系统和装置 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3038655B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-08-25 | Snecma | Ensemble comprenant un carter rainure et des moyens de refroidissement du carter, turbine comprenant ledit ensemble, et turbomachine comprenant ladite turbine |
US10635066B2 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2020-04-28 | Kohler Co. | Generator system architecture |
CN109681465A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-26 | 台州新一机电有限公司 | 一种多级涡扇装置及多级涡扇水泵 |
Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB190607118A (en) * | 1906-03-24 | 1906-12-06 | John Steven | Improvements in and relating to Steam or Expanding Fluid Turbines. |
GB191029946A (en) * | 1910-12-24 | 1911-08-10 | William George Walker | Improvements in Turbines. |
US1834451A (en) * | 1926-12-30 | 1931-12-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Steam turbine construction |
US2111878A (en) * | 1935-07-02 | 1938-03-22 | Hermannus Van Tongeren | Means for draining moisture from steam in steam turbines |
US3066912A (en) * | 1961-03-28 | 1962-12-04 | Gen Electric | Turbine erosion protective device |
FR2040639A5 (fr) * | 1969-04-08 | 1971-01-22 | Gen Electric | |
CH547943A (de) | 1972-08-15 | 1974-04-11 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Leichtschaufel fuer axiale stroemungsmaschine. |
CA1126659A (fr) * | 1977-07-14 | 1982-06-29 | Ulo Okapuu | Garniture a rainure peripherique pour capot |
JPS5937204A (ja) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-02-29 | Toshiba Corp | ノズルダイアフラムのドレン排出装置 |
US5494405A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-02-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method of modifying a steam turbine |
EP1134427A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Turbo machines |
EP1548232A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbomachine avec un stator et procédé de fixation d'aubes statoriques dans le stator |
US20070292265A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-20 | General Electric Company | System design and cooling method for LP steam turbines using last stage hybrid bucket |
US20080050221A1 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-02-28 | General Electric | Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines |
US20080075578A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Steven Sebastian Burdgick | Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a steam turbine |
US20080152506A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Karl Schreiber | Fan blade for a gas-turbine engine |
WO2010066648A1 (fr) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mousses céramiques et/ou métalliques à alvéoles ouverts, à surface enveloppante rugueuse, et leur procédé de production |
WO2011039075A1 (fr) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Aube mobile d'étage final d'une turbine à vapeur |
Family Cites Families (11)
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US3523421A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1970-08-11 | Combustion Eng | Peaking load steam cycle |
US3966355A (en) * | 1975-06-24 | 1976-06-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Steam turbine extraction system |
GB2017228B (en) * | 1977-07-14 | 1982-05-06 | Pratt & Witney Aircraft Of Can | Shroud for a turbine rotor |
JPS6199604U (fr) * | 1984-12-05 | 1986-06-25 | ||
US5140818A (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-08-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Internal moisture separation cycle |
DE4326799A1 (de) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-16 | Abb Management Ag | Vorrichtung zur Sekundärluftentnahme aus einem Axialverdichter |
US6290458B1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-09-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Turbo machines |
EP1329592A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine avec au moins quatre stages et utilisation des aubes en masse réduite |
DE102009006418A1 (de) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-12-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbinenschaufel, insbesondere Laufschaufel für eine Dampfturbine, sowie Herstellungsverfahren hierfür |
JP4848440B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-03 | 2011-12-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 軸流タービン |
EP2506739A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-02 | 2012-10-10 | The Econo-Rack Group Inc. | Montant de renfort pour palettier, et palettier le comprenant |
-
2012
- 2012-06-28 EP EP12174115.1A patent/EP2679776A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-06-27 US US13/929,227 patent/US20140003907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-28 CN CN201310264113.8A patent/CN103527258B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-28 JP JP2013136598A patent/JP5615408B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB190607118A (en) * | 1906-03-24 | 1906-12-06 | John Steven | Improvements in and relating to Steam or Expanding Fluid Turbines. |
GB191029946A (en) * | 1910-12-24 | 1911-08-10 | William George Walker | Improvements in Turbines. |
US1834451A (en) * | 1926-12-30 | 1931-12-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Steam turbine construction |
US2111878A (en) * | 1935-07-02 | 1938-03-22 | Hermannus Van Tongeren | Means for draining moisture from steam in steam turbines |
US3066912A (en) * | 1961-03-28 | 1962-12-04 | Gen Electric | Turbine erosion protective device |
FR2040639A5 (fr) * | 1969-04-08 | 1971-01-22 | Gen Electric | |
CH547943A (de) | 1972-08-15 | 1974-04-11 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Leichtschaufel fuer axiale stroemungsmaschine. |
CA1126659A (fr) * | 1977-07-14 | 1982-06-29 | Ulo Okapuu | Garniture a rainure peripherique pour capot |
JPS5937204A (ja) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-02-29 | Toshiba Corp | ノズルダイアフラムのドレン排出装置 |
US5494405A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1996-02-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Method of modifying a steam turbine |
EP1134427A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-19 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Turbo machines |
EP1548232A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbomachine avec un stator et procédé de fixation d'aubes statoriques dans le stator |
US20070292265A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-20 | General Electric Company | System design and cooling method for LP steam turbines using last stage hybrid bucket |
US20080050221A1 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-02-28 | General Electric | Systems for moisture removal in steam turbine engines |
US20080075578A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Steven Sebastian Burdgick | Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a steam turbine |
US20080152506A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Karl Schreiber | Fan blade for a gas-turbine engine |
WO2010066648A1 (fr) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mousses céramiques et/ou métalliques à alvéoles ouverts, à surface enveloppante rugueuse, et leur procédé de production |
WO2011039075A1 (fr) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Aube mobile d'étage final d'une turbine à vapeur |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113153453A (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-07-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 汽轮机末级叶片容积流量估计方法、颤振预警方法及系统和装置 |
CN113153453B (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-10-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 汽轮机末级叶片容积流量估计方法、颤振预警方法及系统和装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140003907A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
CN103527258B (zh) | 2016-12-28 |
CN103527258A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
JP2014009694A (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
JP5615408B2 (ja) | 2014-10-29 |
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