EP2679658B1 - Versiegelung von Inertabfällen, und Reinigung der Gase, die bei der Pyrovergasung von Abfällen entstehen - Google Patents

Versiegelung von Inertabfällen, und Reinigung der Gase, die bei der Pyrovergasung von Abfällen entstehen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2679658B1
EP2679658B1 EP13173664.7A EP13173664A EP2679658B1 EP 2679658 B1 EP2679658 B1 EP 2679658B1 EP 13173664 A EP13173664 A EP 13173664A EP 2679658 B1 EP2679658 B1 EP 2679658B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bath
enclosure
waste
gas
residues
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13173664.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2679658A1 (de
Inventor
Alexandre Petrovic
Pierre Jeanvoine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JEANVOINE, PIERRE
PETROVIC, ALEXANDRE
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Individual
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/008—Reducing the tar content by cracking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15002—Cleaning fumes by letting them to pass a molten metal bath

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the context of the thermal treatment of waste by pyrogasification and more particularly relates to the vitrification of the mineral fractions of said waste and the purification of the gas produced.
  • This chamber must also have a refractory coating resistant to the erosion of molten minerals brought to a very high temperature. These constraints have a not insignificant impact not only on the cost of the equipment but also on that of their maintenance.
  • the present invention aims at the possibility of treating various wastes, in particular that can contain a lot of inerts, in order to be able to recover a maximum of energy by acting on the lean gas before combustion to separate the boundaries and then vitrify them and this at a temperature regime adapted to the needs of vitrification.
  • This treatment thus concerns a flow rate of gas which does not represent more than 15% of the flow rate of fumes used for vitrification in the case of the integrated prior art pyrogasification / combustion / vitrification process in which the inerts are only eliminated completely. end of operation. In this way the combustion of the clean gas can then be carried out under optimum conditions, further facilitating the final treatment of the fumes.
  • vitrified granules that can have characteristics adapted to the particular uses that can be envisaged.
  • the present invention also makes it possible to widen the range of usable gasification means.
  • a process for purifying a combustible gas resulting from a pyrogasification of waste operations melting the solid particles suspended in said gas and then eliminating them by vitrification characterized in that it constitutes a separate treatment step.
  • the bath can be kept bubbling at a temperature of the order of 1100/1400 ° C. under the effect of burners immersed in the bath.
  • the invention also proposes to be able to introduce additional waste directly into the chamber, to put it in contact with the bath in which they abandon their inert materials and metals, and under the effect of heat undergo gasification, partial or total , thus generating additional fuel gases that help maintain the bath temperature.
  • This possibility of introducing additional waste is, however, only optional.
  • Additions of oxidizing gases can be made through the hearth of the enclosure.
  • the partial oxidation of the additional waste introduced into the enclosure can contribute to the maintenance of the temperature of the bath.
  • the invention further proposes to take advantage of the residues captured in the bath to produce exploitable vitrified granules as by-product recyclable by adapting the composition of the bath to achieve the composition required by the intended use.
  • the composition of the molten bath can therefore be adapted to produce, by vitrification, exploitable vitrifiats.
  • the installation used in the process according to the invention shown in the attached figure comprises an enclosure 1 enclosing a whirlpool 2 of molten inorganic compounds, supplied at its upper part by a supply pipe 3 directed substantially perpendicular to the surface of the bath melt 2 which carries the output stream of a pyrogasification previously not shown, fixed bed or fluidized, or tank reactor, or other.
  • the distance between the upper part of the chamber and the surface of the bath 2 is generally of the order of 1 m but can also be larger and be of the order of 3 m.
  • this pipe 3 passes through a preheating chamber 4.
  • the output stream of a pyrogasification can comprise combustible gases, residues containing solid particles which constitute the mineral fraction of the initial waste, tars which depending on the temperature are in gas phase or in the form of particles in suspension.
  • the bath 2 of inorganic compounds is at a temperature of the order of 1100/1400 ° C .; it is continuously renewed and maintained at a constant level thanks firstly to a solids introduction device 5, in particular an endless screw or a piston device, opening into or on the bath 2 and also on the other hand to a means of evacuation such as an overflow 6.
  • the mineral compounds of the bath 2 may be mainly silicates, cullet, ashes.
  • the bath 2 is maintained at the required temperature by burners 7 immersed in the bath 2, passing through the hearth of the chamber 1, supplied with fuel gas and oxidizing gas necessary for their operation. Additional feeds 8 of oxidizing gas passing through the hearth of the enclosure 1 may also be added.
  • a gas evacuation 9 is provided through the roof of the enclosure 1, preferably in a zone opposite the arrival of the feed pipe 3 of products from the prior pyrogasification.
  • the overflow 6 is connected hermetically to a cylinder 10 which is immersed in a vitrification tank 11 filled with coolant, in particular water, intended to cool and vitrify the molten solids extracted from the enclosure 1 and a extraction device 12, of the conveyor or worm type, spring of this tray 11 vitrifiats so produced.
  • This cylinder 10 prevents the introduction of air into the system or gas leaks.
  • the device 5 for introducing the solids allowing the initial filling of the bath 2 with mineral compounds also makes it possible to renew said compounds, the correction of the composition of this bath 2, in particular to modify if desired the composition of the vitrifiats, also serves, if desired, to introduce in the enclosure 1 other waste, in particular biomass, RBA, tires with their metal carcass, by-products of combustion and incineration etc ... which are not compatible with pyrogasification preliminary and / or used to introduce combustible waste which by combustion supplement or provide thermal inputs to the bath 2.
  • the device 5 can also gather the products from several pyrogasification reactors or other facilities, for introduction into the plant according to the invention.
  • the evacuation 9 of the gas supplies one or more devices for exploiting extracted gases such as direct heating installations (combustion chamber, baking oven, dryers, heat exchanger, etc.).
  • the gas can, by means of a possible simplified complementary purification treatment, directly supplying heat engines or gas turbines in particular for the production of electricity, in which the extracted gases constitute the fuel.
  • These extracted gas operating devices are not shown separately or in detail but referenced 13 whatever they are.
  • This installation operates from the flow of products from one or more pyrogasification reactors whatever they are and to this freedom of choice as for the previous gasification step, the invention adds its own independence and its own flexibility of operation.
  • Waste in general the non-recyclable fraction of industrial and urban waste, including those containing or consisting of biomass, subjected to pyrogasification, generate combustible gases and solid residues in suspension at a relatively low temperature of the order of 600 ° C which are introduced into the installation by the feed pipe 3 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the liquid 2 composed of molten minerals. which forces the solid residues introduced or what remains after their melting during their journey in the chamber 1 to impact said bed 2 and interact with it.
  • a thermal contribution can be made to raise the temperature of the gases charged with residues.
  • this bed 2 is bubbling, which further enhances its interaction with the solid residues introduced.
  • This bed 2 is maintained at the temperature required by the composition of the products to be treated (of the order of 1100/1400 ° C) by the submerged burners; it captures the melts of the solid particles carried by the gas, generated by the upstream pyrogasification and the bottom or melts them in case they are not or not completely melted during their impact with it. If the heat input into the preheating chamber 4 has not been sufficient to crack all the tars, the heat of the chamber 1 and the bath 2 completes this action.
  • Complementary waste either incompatible with the preceding pyrogasification, or necessary to constitute or complete the bed 2 of mineral compounds, or again to modify the composition of the bed 2 are also possibly introduced directly into this chamber 1 by the device 5 for introducing the solid.
  • This waste can be waste whose characteristics do not justify or are not suitable for the pyrogasification practiced previously (rate of inertness too high, presence of certain mineral fibers, etc ).
  • These can be biomass, complementary urban waste, RBA, MCS, used tire waste including metal carcasses, smoke treatment residues, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), etc.
  • This waste contributes, by their total or partial oxidation, to the maintenance of the temperature of the bath 2 and of the enclosure 1, so that the operation of the submerged burners can, depending on the energy released, be reduced or even interrupted.
  • bubbling state of the bed 2 remaining then maintained by the injection of oxidizing gas through the feeds 8. If this reaction generates gas they are added to the gases initially introduced into the chamber 1 by the supply line 3.
  • the solid residues from the preceding pyrogasification and introduced into the chamber 1 in suspension in the gas stream, to which are added the solid residues from newly introduced complementary waste produced by the device 5, are melted or destroyed by the heat of the enclosure 1 and end up being captured by the bubbling melt bed 2 of inorganic compounds.
  • the bath 2 being continuously renewed, it can dissolve the metal compounds, especially iron, without there being any precipitation of metal, the renewal being done at a rate such that the dissolution limit is not reached. Metal precipitation is avoided by adjusting the flow of oxidizing gas injected by the gas feeds 8. This liquid bath 2 also picks up all the dust so that the gas that escapes through the evacuation 9 is purified to such a point that it can by means of a simplified complementary purification treatment feed a heat engine, alone or in mixture with a supplement of natural gas.
  • the initial molten bath 2 is replaced by ashes and inert whose composition depends on the type of waste introduced.
  • the level of the bath 2 is kept constant by the flow through the overflow 6 to the devitrification tank 11 which ensures by quenching with water the vitrification and the recovery of all the inerts which passed through the installation, under vitrified granules form, those from the previous pyrogasification, those from the complementary introduction of waste by the device 5 and possibly those from other facilities also introduced by the device 5.
  • the installation also has the advantage of absorbing different inerts and also of accepting suitable additives in the composition of its melt 2 so that it can simultaneously be a vitrification manufacturing unit of selected compositions and able to be exploited.
  • the resulting gas can be used for integrated gasification for heat production or heat and power cogeneration.
  • the quality of the gas produced makes it possible to overcome most of the constraints specific to thermal generators using fumes from the combustion of waste or biomass in substitution for natural and industrial gases, in direct heating installations ( dryers, baking ovens, ...) or, with the simplified complementary treatments, as purified synthesis gas for the supply of thermal engines or gas turbines in the optimized production of electricity.
  • the purified clean fuel gas extracted from the enclosure can be used directly to supply the submerged burners 7 or the preheating zone 4.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to dissociate the combustion function of the gas resulting from the pyrogasification of the waste from that of melting / vitrification of the inert gases.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Brenngases aus einer Pyrovergasung von Abfällen, mit Schmelzen der in dem Gas suspendierten soliden Teilchen, dann ihrer Entfernung durch Verglasung, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass es eine von der Phase der weiteren Ausnutzung des Brenngases getrennte Behandlungsphase bildet, sowie dadurch, dass es die Einführung des Stroms von Brenngas mit Rückständen, die schwerflüchtige organische Verbindungen oder Teere und suspendierte solide Teilchen umfassen, in einen Behälter (1), der ein Bad (2) aus geschmolzenen Mineralverbindungen enthält, umfasst, das Schmelzen der soliden Teilchen und die Spaltung von Teeren unter der Einwirkung der Temperatur in dem Behälter (1), die Aufnahme der geschmolzenen Rückstände durch das Bad, die kontinuierliche Entfernung der Verbindungen, die die Rückstände aufgenommen haben, aus dem Bad (2), dann die Rückgewinnung, am Ausgang des Behälters (1), von gereinigtem Brenngas.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch dass der Strom von mit Rückständen belastetem Brenngas gemäß einer Ausrichtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Oberfläche des Bades von geschmolzenen Mineralverbindungen in den Behälter (1) eingeführt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das Bad (2) bei einer Temperatur von ungefähr 1100/1400° C kochend gehalten wird, unter der Einwirkung von Brennern (7), die in dem Bad (2) versenkt sind.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass komplementäre Abfälle direkt in den Behälter (1) eingeführt und mit dem Bad (2) in Verbindung gebracht werden, in dem sie ihre Inertstoffe und Metalle zurücklassen und unter der Einwirkung der Wärme eine Vergasung erfahren, unter Freisetzung zusätzlicher Brenngase.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Zufuhr von oxidierenden Gasen durch den Boden des Behälters (1) erfolgt.
  6. Verfahren nach dem vorherigen Anspruch, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die teilweise Oxidation der eingeführten komplementären Abfälle in den Behälter (1) bei dem Halten der Temperatur des Bades (2) mitwirkt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Zusammensetzung des Schmelzbades (2) angepasst ist, um durch Verglasung nutzbare Versiegelungsprodukte herzustellen.
EP13173664.7A 2012-06-26 2013-06-25 Versiegelung von Inertabfällen, und Reinigung der Gase, die bei der Pyrovergasung von Abfällen entstehen Not-in-force EP2679658B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1201801A FR2992228A1 (fr) 2012-06-26 2012-06-26 Vitrification des inertes et epurations du gaz issu de la pyrogazeification de dechets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2679658A1 EP2679658A1 (de) 2014-01-01
EP2679658B1 true EP2679658B1 (de) 2019-01-23

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13173664.7A Not-in-force EP2679658B1 (de) 2012-06-26 2013-06-25 Versiegelung von Inertabfällen, und Reinigung der Gase, die bei der Pyrovergasung von Abfällen entstehen

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2679658B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2992228A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105524659A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-04-27 江苏中科重工股份有限公司 环保生物质气化发电系统

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3899322A (en) * 1972-06-20 1975-08-12 Rockwell International Corp Noble-type metal recovery process by use of molten salt bath
GB8626087D0 (en) * 1986-10-31 1986-12-03 Imp Smelting Processes Cleaning & cooling of metallurgical exhaust gases
FR2763341B1 (fr) * 1997-05-15 1999-06-18 Alexandre Petrovic Procede et installation de traitement thermique de dechets urbains, ou de produits similaires, par gazeification et fusion des residus
US7033547B1 (en) * 1999-01-19 2006-04-25 Yataro Ichikawa Exhaust gas treating apparatus and vehicle equipped with the apparatus
FR2929955B1 (fr) * 2008-04-09 2012-02-10 Saint Gobain Gazeification de materiaux organiques combustibles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Publication number Publication date
FR2992228A1 (fr) 2013-12-27
EP2679658A1 (de) 2014-01-01

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