EP2673615A1 - Procede d'enrobage d'un echantillon - Google Patents
Procede d'enrobage d'un echantillonInfo
- Publication number
- EP2673615A1 EP2673615A1 EP12707878.0A EP12707878A EP2673615A1 EP 2673615 A1 EP2673615 A1 EP 2673615A1 EP 12707878 A EP12707878 A EP 12707878A EP 2673615 A1 EP2673615 A1 EP 2673615A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- mixture
- reinforcing
- coating
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/364—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples using resins, epoxy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of coating samples for simplified stripping of samples.
- the method is advantageously used in the preparation of samples, for example in metallography where the analyzes require a careful surface preparation by mechanical, mechano-chemical or chemical polishing.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to make the electrical conductivity possible, which is, for example, useful for surface preparation of the sample electrolytically. It also makes it possible to coat then cut / cut a sample that is difficult to handle or fragile.
- the coating technique is used to facilitate the characterization of a sample of material, to make a sample easily manipulated to prepare its surface by polishing, or simply to be able to cut it.
- a sample may be coated with a coating resin in the form of granules or of powder.
- the coating can be done in a hot press, usually called a wrapper, in which a pressure force of between 1 and 60 tons is applied to the coating material heated to a temperature sufficient to densify it. This temperature is generally between 150 ° C and 200 ° C depending on the coating resin shade used.
- the coating resin may for example be chosen from the resins sold under the name Multifast® by the company Strippers or under the name PhenoCure® by the company Buehler. These resins belong to the family of thermosetting polymers or to that of thermoplastic polymers.
- EP 0 246 438 describes a process for shaping metal or ceramic compounds. This document does not describe a coating material obtained from a mixture comprising, as reinforcing powder, a powder of a complex intermetallic alloy, and its teaching does not make it possible to obtain a surface preparation of a sample. of material.
- the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.
- the invention provides a simplified method for coating a sample of material and removing the coating without the risk of altering the sample.
- the process uses in particular a reusable coating material.
- the invention thus relates to a method of coating, and in particular hot coating, a sample using a coating material.
- the coating material is obtained from a mixture of a polysaccharide powder, as a gelling polymer, and a reinforcing powder which is a powder of a complex intermetallic alloy or a powder comprising a complex intermetallic alloy and at least one compound selected from a ceramic compound and a polymeric compound, the volume fraction of the reinforcing powder not exceeding 60% of the total volume of the mixture.
- the method according to the invention may thus comprise a step of shaping a composite powder consisting of a mixture comprising a gelling polymer powder and at least one other powder which makes it possible to reinforce the polymer.
- a hot enrober may be used to transform a material into a powder mixture, the material comprising a mixture of gelling polymer and complex intermetallic powders or a mixture of complex intermetallic powders and ceramics or a mixture of intermetallic powders. complex and polymeric powders, into a solid object by hot pressing.
- the amount of the reinforcement is chosen so that its volume fraction does not exceed 60% of the total volume of the material constituting the coating.
- the coating material has mechanical properties, in particular of wear and hardness, sufficient for a surface preparation of a sample of material by polishing. It has also been observed that when the process is carried out with a reinforcement comprising a complex intermetallic powder or a mixture of complex intermetallic powders, the electrical conduction properties are such that they allow a surface preparation of a sample of material by electrolytic route without having to remove the coating.
- the gelling polymer powder may be composed of a polysaccharide, such as, for example, a galactose polymer powder known under the name agar-agar or agarose.
- the polysaccharide is thus preferably a galactose polymer, such as agar-agar.
- the reinforcing powder may comprise a powder of a complex intermetallic compound comprising as base (greater than 50% atomic percentage) at least one element chosen from iron, aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc and titanium.
- the reinforcing powder may also be a complex intermetallic alloy powder of one or more of these elements, without these elements having an atomic percentage greater than 50%.
- the reinforcing powder may be a mixture of powder (s) of complex metal alloy (s) and ceramic powder (s) or a mixture of alloy powder (s) (s) ) complex intermetallic (s) and polymeric powder (s).
- the ceramic powder may be for example a powder of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), of silica (SiO 2 ), of aluminum nitride (AlN), of silicon carbide (SiC), of tungsten carbide (WC) or a mixture of these. In a preferred embodiment, a ceramic content of less than 10% by volume is added to the metal powder.
- the polymer powder may be a powder of a polymer chosen from thermoplastic organic polymers such as polyamides (for example nylon 6, nylon 11, nylon 12), and amide copolymers (for example nylon 6-12 ).
- the reinforcing powder is preferably a powder of a complex intermetallic alloy, and in particular of a complex intermetallic alloy based on aluminum.
- a complex intermetallic alloy may be a metal alloy comprising an atomic percentage of aluminum greater than 50%.
- complex intermetallic alloy means an alloy that includes one or more quasi-crystalline phases that are either quasi-crystalline phases in the strict sense, ie approximate phases.
- the quasicrystalline phases in the strict sense are phases exhibiting symmetries of rotation normally incompatible with the translational symmetry, that is to say rotational axis symmetries of order 5, 8, 10 or 12, these symmetries being revealed by diffraction techniques.
- the approximate phases or approximate compounds are true crystals insofar as their crystallographic structure remains compatible with the translational symmetry, but which exhibit, in the electron diffraction pattern, diffraction patterns whose symmetry is close to one another. symmetry of order 5, 8, 10 or 12. These are phases characterized by an elementary cell containing several tens, or even hundreds of atoms, and whose local order presents arrangements of almost icosahedral or decagonal symmetry similar to the phases quasi-crystalline parents.
- phase C of cubic structure, very often observed in coexistence with the approximate or quasi-crystalline phases true.
- a diffraction pattern of this cubic phase has been published for a pure cubic phase sample and atomic composition AI 65 Cu 2 oFei5 in atomic number.
- This phase is isotype of a hexagonal phase, noted ⁇ , found in Al-Mn alloys containing 40% by weight of Mn.
- the cubic phase, its superstructures and the phases derived from them constitute a class of approximate phases of quasi-crystalline phases of neighboring compositions.
- the quasi-crystalline alloys of the Al-Cu-Fe system are particularly suitable for carrying out the process of the present invention.
- alloys which have one of the following atomic composition: Al 62 Cu 25, 5Fei 2, 5, Al 59 Cu 2 5,5Fei 2, 5B3, and Al7i, 3Fe8, iCo2.8Cr 7 , 8 .
- These alloys are marketed by Saint-Gobain.
- the Al alloy 59 Cu 2 of 5, 5 Fei 2,4 B 3 is sold under the name Cristome Fl
- the alloy ommercialisé Cristome under the name Al
- all is marketed under the name Cristome BTl.
- the volume fraction of the reinforcing powder may be between 40 and 60% of the total volume of the mixture.
- the mixture of gelling polymer powder and reinforcing powder may contain from 40 to 80% by volume of gelling polymer, more particularly from 45 to 75%.
- the volume fraction of the reinforcement can easily be calculated by those skilled in the art from the mass and the density of the various constituents of the mixture.
- the polysaccharide and / or reinforcing particles preferably have an average size of between 1 and 1000 ⁇ m, and more particularly between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
- the process may comprise a step of heating the mixture in an aqueous solvent, typically water, at a temperature of between 70 and 100 ° C., and then a step of gelling the mixture by cooling the mixture to a temperature below 70 ° C.
- an aqueous solvent typically water
- the method may also comprise a step of pressing the gelled mixture.
- the pressing step can be carried out at a temperature between 70 and 100 ° C.
- the pressing step can also be carried out under a pressure of between 5 and 40 MPa.
- the powder mixture is heated in water to a temperature of about 100 ° C for a few seconds. It is then cooled in ambient air (between 15 and 25 ° C). This gelled mixture is then pressed at a temperature of between 70 and 100 ° C. under a pressure of between 5 and 40 MPa.
- the method may comprise the following steps:
- the method may further comprise a step of stripping the sample by immersing the coating material in an aqueous solvent at a temperature above the solubilization temperature of the polysaccharide.
- the method of the invention is particularly useful for coating material samples with the aid of a hot press, such as a Labopress® or CitoPress® enrober sold by the company Struers.
- the coating obtained has mechanical properties, and in particular abrasion and hardness properties that are compatible with a surface preparation of a sample of material.
- the use of a gelling polymer also makes it possible to obtain a reusable and easily recyclable coating in the case where it is used with a metal reinforcing powder or a mixture of metal powder and ceramic powder.
- a composite powder comprising two different types of powders: an agar-agar powder and a powder of a complex intermetallic alloy, or an agar-agar powder and a reinforcing powder comprising a complex intermetallic alloy and at at least one compound selected from a ceramic compound and a polymeric compound.
- the reinforcing powders used may be those described above. Each of the powders is weighed accurately to obtain a Agar-agar volume fraction of 50%. The powders are preferably mixed homogeneously using a turbuld. About two to five minutes are needed to mix 200 g of powders.
- a composite material capable of being used as a coating was prepared by adding a solvent, water in the preferred embodiment, to the mixture of powders with an agar-agar / solvent ratio of 0.2 (the mass and volume titers). being equivalent).
- the coating of all the above-mentioned samples could be easily separated by immersing the samples in boiling water, about 100 ° C, for three to five minutes.
- the coating material resulting from the separation operation could be fully reused to reproduce this example.
- Example 2 This is to obtain a conductive coating material.
- the procedure of Example 1 was repeated, but using metal reinforcing powders.
- the metal reinforcing powders were chosen from complex intermetallic alloys based on aluminum. Only crystalline aluminum-based alloys did not render the coating conductive. On the other hand, when the alloys are chosen from quasi-crystalline aluminum, the coating is conductive.
- An aluminum alloy coated with a gelled polymer material and a mixture of iron and aluminum could be prepared electrolytically (polishing or etching).
- Conductive coatings comprising a mixture of metal and ceramic powders (40% Fe, 10% SiO 2 ) or metal and polymeric powders (30% quasi-crystalline aluminum, 20% nylon Nylon® 12) were also prepared. ConduFast® resin was used to coat an aluminum alloy sample.
- the surface could be prepared mechanically and electrolytically.
- the rewetting by reheating led to the deterioration of the resin (release of toxic and irritating vapors, combustion) and the integrity of the prepared surface is questioned. It was impossible to cleanly separate this coating from the sample of material.
- the immediate reuse of this coating is not possible because of its partial carbonization.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is reproduced, but using this time a thin layer of about 1 to 2 mm of conventional resin (thermosetting or thermoplastic, conductive or otherwise) which is completed by one of the mixtures described in FIG. example 1.
- conventional resin thermosetting or thermoplastic, conductive or otherwise
- Example 4 Preparation of an Asphalt for Electron Microscopy
- a conductive coating material was prepared using one of the mixtures described in Example 2 or in Example 3. Characterization by electron microscopy precludes the presence of solvent in the mix. The solvent evaporates naturally at room temperature (between 15 and 25 ° C) but it is possible to accelerate the evaporation kinetics by annealing under air for about ten minutes at a temperature above 100 ° C. . The coating material was separated from the sample by reproducing the protocol of Example 1.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1151150A FR2971586B1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 | 2011-02-11 | Procede d'enrobage d'un echantillon |
| PCT/FR2012/050263 WO2012107683A1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-02-07 | Procede d'enrobage d'un echantillon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2673615A1 true EP2673615A1 (fr) | 2013-12-18 |
Family
ID=44483976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12707878.0A Withdrawn EP2673615A1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-02-07 | Procede d'enrobage d'un echantillon |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130295280A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2673615A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2971586B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012107683A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10605709B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | Struers ApS | Mounting medium for embedding a sample material and a method of mounting a sample material in a mounting medium |
| FR3127995B1 (fr) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-09-08 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Procédé de découpe d’un ensemble comprenant des éléments mobiles indémontables |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5932841A (ja) * | 1982-08-17 | 1984-02-22 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 多面同時観察試料の調整方法 |
| US4734237A (en) * | 1986-05-15 | 1988-03-29 | Allied Corporation | Process for injection molding ceramic composition employing an agaroid gell-forming material to add green strength to a preform |
| FR2929541B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-07 | 2010-12-31 | Cini Atel | Procede d'elaboration de pieces en alliage d'aluminium |
-
2011
- 2011-02-11 FR FR1151150A patent/FR2971586B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-02-07 WO PCT/FR2012/050263 patent/WO2012107683A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-02-07 US US13/980,468 patent/US20130295280A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-07 EP EP12707878.0A patent/EP2673615A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2012107683A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012107683A1 (fr) | 2012-08-16 |
| FR2971586B1 (fr) | 2014-05-02 |
| US20130295280A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
| FR2971586A1 (fr) | 2012-08-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: G01N 33/18 20060101ALI20140528BHEP Ipc: G01N 1/36 20060101AFI20140528BHEP |
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| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20141119 |