EP2669901B1 - Cable with wear indicator - Google Patents

Cable with wear indicator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2669901B1
EP2669901B1 EP12305609.5A EP12305609A EP2669901B1 EP 2669901 B1 EP2669901 B1 EP 2669901B1 EP 12305609 A EP12305609 A EP 12305609A EP 2669901 B1 EP2669901 B1 EP 2669901B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
layer
cable
black
blue
yellow
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EP12305609.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2669901A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Meyer
Christian Lankes
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1875—Multi-layer sheaths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/32—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable having a wear indicator formed by a wear-indicating state indicator of the cable, and to the use as a worn-state indicating device such as abrasion.
  • cables of the term cables are optionally included.
  • the invention relates to cables that form part of a drag chain, such as cables, which are arranged in mutually movable members of a holder.
  • the invention relates to a method in which the jacket of the cable is subjected to a mechanical stress, in particular by abrasion.
  • a cable has an inner sheath within its outer sheath, and optionally, within the outer sheath, an adjacent shield of metal or conductive polymer and / or a coil, e.g. arranged inside or outside the shield, in particular a paper-containing or ceramic-containing winding.
  • the US 2007/0089898 A1 describes a suitable for induction loops in road cable, which is characterized by two layers of, for example, cross-linked polyethylene, which form the shell.
  • the EP 2367177 A1 describes a method for producing cables, in which two masses are applied concentrically around a stranded wires by a common nozzle, which form an inner sheath with an approximately constant layer thickness and an outer sheath resting on it, which fills the gusset of the stranded cores simulated by the inner sheath and a cylindrical outer circumference forms.
  • the JP 2001 043748 A shows in the English abstract a cable with a coat of two differently colored layers, which have a serrated boundary layer.
  • the two layers are differently colored to indicate abrasion.
  • the English summary of the JP 2006 286304 shows for a cable that is to be resistant to abrasion by trees, within a comprehensive envelope three cables, each having a coat of an abrasion-resistant layer and an underlying display layer, which are colored differently. Since the layer is referred to as abrasion-resistant and the underlying layer as the display layer, it can be assumed that the respective polymer mixtures are different.
  • the EP 0 802 542 A2 shows a cable in which an external semiconductor layer is disposed on an insulating layer with different colors to show abrasion.
  • the US 6,207,902 B shows a cable on a moving aryne having a cladding and an underlying insulating layer in contrasting color.
  • a multilayer clad is not mentioned.
  • the English summary of the JP 20112223 64 shows only a conductor with an inner layer and an outer layer, which should reflect light.
  • the DE 10 2009 047745 A1 shows a cable with an indicator layer which is located between an inner sheath and an outer sheath and should escape in case of damage to the outer sheath.
  • the indicator layer does not qualify as a cladding layer because it has no mechanical strength.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cable with a structure which is suitable for use as a wear indicator for the wear state of the cable, and a method for manufacturing the cable.
  • the invention solves the problem with the features of the claims and in particular with a cable having at least one electrical or optical conductor, preferably two or more conductors, which are each provided with insulation and form cores, which are preferably stranded together.
  • the cable is characterized in that the outer jacket has a first layer forming the outer surface of the cable and a second layer disposed adjacent the first layer and having a color different from the color of the first layer throughout, e.g. a contrasting color to the first layer, wherein the outer jacket has a third layer disposed within the second layer adjacent third, which has a different color from the color of the first and / or the second layer, in particular a contrasting color.
  • the coloring of a layer or a polymer mixture is referred to as the color resulting from their constituents, wherein the content of dye is optional.
  • the continuity of the color consists in the fact that the layer has the deviating color or the contrasting color through its entire layer thickness.
  • the contrasting color is a complementary color.
  • the first layer is non-fluorescent and non-phosphorescent, in particular, the first layer is black, e.g. by a content of carbon black, and the second and / or third layer has a non-fluorescent or a fluorescent or phosphorescent deviating color, in particular a contrasting color.
  • the second layer is yellow, orange or red
  • the second layer is preferably white, yellow or orange and the third layer is red.
  • the contrast color for the second and third layers may be selected from the colors that are yellow to red, eg, red, for a first layer that is black, gray, or white. include or consist of orange or yellow, green or purple to blue, which may optionally be fluorescent or phosphorescent.
  • the first layer has a color, for example red, blue, yellow, green
  • the second layer may have a contrasting color thereto, for example as shown in Table 1.
  • the cable may e.g. a ribbon cable having an outer shell of oval to elongated cross-section, have a different geometry or be a round cable with an outer shell with an annular cross-section, optionally arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell shielding and / or winding.
  • the outer jacket is preferably on an inner shell, optionally on a winding and / or shielding.
  • the cable is formed in a different color, e.g., by the outer jacket, with at least a first and a second layer disposed within and adjacent to the first layer. in contrasting color, with a third layer arranged inside and adjacent to the second layer in a color deviating from the color of the first and / or the second layer, in particular in contrasting color, for use as a wear indicator, in particular for abrasion wear.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the outer sheath of the cable as a display device for the wear state of the cable, in particular by abrasion.
  • the layers of the outer jacket preferably have a uniform layer thickness along their circumference.
  • the layer thicknesses can be equal to each other.
  • the first layer is substantially thicker than the second and / or as the third layer, e.g.
  • the second and / or third layer may have a thickness of from 2 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 10%, of the thickness of the first layer, so that the abrasion substantially reduces the first layer and only after the first layer has rubbed through, the first layer Layer lying second and / or third layer is visible and indicates the abrasion of the first layer.
  • the contrasting colors of the layers which form the outer jacket make the outer jacket or the cable with this outer jacket suitable for use as a display device for the wear condition or as a wear indicator, since wear, for example due to abrasion, initially removes the first layer in sections, thereby reducing the wear second layer is visible and by further wear also removes the second layer and leaves the third layer visible.
  • coloring the layers of the Outer sheath in contrasting colors is generated when removing the first layer optically easy to identify signal for wear, so in good time before damage to a shield, a winding or the wires within the cable, the removal of the outer shell is visible and therefore an optical signal is recognizable, the indicates wear to the end of the life of the cable and can trigger the repair or replacement of the cable.
  • An advantage of the cable is that this optical signal, which is visible through the partial removal of at least the first layer of the outer sheath, is produced in the functioning cable or before impairment of the functionality or reliability of the cable.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating an electrical device with the step of mechanical wear of a cable according to the invention, which is characterized by the at least partially removing at least the first layer of the outer jacket of the cable from the second and / or third layer, preferably with the subsequent repair or replacement of the cable against one with less efficiency, or against a new cable.
  • the cable may be moved relative to a surface, for example, by placing the cable in a guide made of articulated links so that the cable forms part of a drag chain.
  • a cable according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for use as a drag chain, or as part of a drag chain arrangement, and / or for use as a mobile and / or abrasion-loaded cable, e.g. as mobile cables for mining or open pit mining, or as cables fastened between two relatively movable holding devices and abraded, e.g. as a cable of a robotic arm.
  • the cable suitable for use in accordance with the invention may be produced by successively extruding the layers forming the outer jacket, optionally by successive extrusion or by simultaneous extrusion of the layers forming the outer jacket.
  • the simultaneous extrusion may, for example, take place with a nozzle through the central channel of which the elements of the cable arranged inside the outer jacket are guided, around which a polymer mixture of annular cross-section is extruded for each layer, and subsequently the cable, including the outer jacket, is moved through a nozzle, to form the outer surface of the cable.
  • the layers of the Outer jacket can be extruded through an extrusion die, for example, from the EP 2367177 is known and has annular feed channels, which are arranged concentrically and allows a concentric extrusion of the layers of the outer jacket to the disposed within the outer jacket elements of the cable.
  • the layer of the outer jacket with the smallest radius is first extruded around the elements of the cable arranged inside the outer jacket.
  • the layer of the outer sheath with the smallest radius may be the third or second layer. Subsequently, the layer with the next larger radius is extruded by extrusion onto the already extruded layer, until finally the first layer is applied by extrusion.
  • the layers of the outer shell each consist of the same polymer mixture, to each of which the dye for the specific coloring of the layer is added.
  • An outer layer of layers of the same polymer mixture, each containing a dye for the specific coloring of the layer, has the advantage of the solid, adhesive compound of the layers and offers for the manufacturing process the advantage that a polymer mixture prepared and proportionally with the specific dyes for the layers can be added, in particular with simultaneous extrusion of the outer shell forming layers.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cable with three wires from a respective conductor 1 with an insulation 2, which are stranded together and are covered by an inner shell 3.
  • the outer jacket consists of a first layer 4, which forms the outer surface of the cable and within which a second layer 5 is applied.
  • the second layer 5 is immediately adjacent to a third Layer 6 on.
  • the second layer 5 is colored in a contrasting color to the first layer 4.
  • the third layer 6 is colored in a contrasting color to the first layer 4 and to the second layer.
  • Preferred color combinations of the layers of the outer shell are given in the following table: ⁇ u> Table 1: Colors of outer layer layers: ⁇ / u> second layer white to yellow second layer of orange second layer red second layer green second layer purple to blue first layer black third layer red or blue third layer red or blue third layer white to yellow, purple to blue or green third layer white to yellow, orange, red or purple to blue third layer white to yellow or red, orange or green first layer white third layer red, purple to blue, green or black third layer red or, violet to blue, green or black third layer yellow, violet to blue, green or black third layer yellow to orange, red or purple to blue, or black third layer yellow to orange or red or black first layer violet third layer green or black third layer green or black third layer green, white, yellow or black third layer red, orange, yellow or black - first layer of orange third layer green or black - third layer green, white or black third layer purple to blue, white or black third layer green, white or black first layer red or black third layer red or black third layer red or black third layer red or black third
  • the color combination indicated in Table 1 are selected examples, but any other color combination of the layers may be selected in which the layers of the outer shell have different colors, so that they are visually easily distinguishable and can detect the state of wear.
  • the first layer may be e.g. Carbon black (first layer black) or titanium dioxide (first layer white), the second polymer mixture a yellow dye (second layer yellow) and the third polymer mixture Paligonrot (third layer red) may be added.
  • first layer black Carbon black
  • titanium dioxide first layer white
  • second polymer mixture a yellow dye second layer yellow
  • third polymer mixture Paligonrot third layer red
  • Fig. 2 shows in a section of a cable Fig. 1 in plan view that after abrasion of a portion of the first layer 4, the second layer 5 is visible. Since it is generally preferred that the layers of the outer jacket have substantially the same resistance, in particular with the exception of the dye, a polymer mixture thereof Having composition, the second layer 5 has a sufficient resistance to abrasion in order to maintain the functionality of the cable. The visibility of the second layer 5 serves as an indication of the wear of the cable, which is readily visible.
  • Fig. 3 shows the state of a portion of a cable after further wear, especially after further abrasion.
  • the further wear leads to the fact that within the area formed by the first layer 4 of the shell also the third layer becomes visible and forms a display.
  • a portion of the second layer 5 also remains visible between the third layer 6 and the first layer 4, as in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Kabel mit einer Verschleißanzeige, die durch eine Anzeigeeinrichtung für den Abnutzungszustand des Kabels gebildet ist, sowie die Verwendung als Anzeigeeinrichtung für den Abnutzungszustand, beispielsweise durch Abrieb. Für die Zwecke der Erfindung sind optional Leitungen vom Begriff Kabel eingeschlossen.The present invention relates to a cable having a wear indicator formed by a wear-indicating state indicator of the cable, and to the use as a worn-state indicating device such as abrasion. For the purposes of the invention, cables of the term cables are optionally included.

Bevorzugt betrifft die Erfindung Kabel, die Bestandteil einer Schleppkette bilden, beispielsweise Kabel, die in gegeneinander beweglichen Gliedern einer Halterung angeordnet sind. Bevorzugt betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren, bei dem der Mantel des Kabels einer mechanischen Beanspruchung, insbesondere durch Abrieb belastet wird.Preferably, the invention relates to cables that form part of a drag chain, such as cables, which are arranged in mutually movable members of a holder. Preferably, the invention relates to a method in which the jacket of the cable is subjected to a mechanical stress, in particular by abrasion.

Bevorzugt weist ein Kabel innerhalb seines Außenmantels einen Innenmantel auf, und wahlweise innerhalb des Außenmantels eine daran angrenzende Schirmung aus Metall oder leitfähigem Polymer und/oder eine Wicklung, z.B. innerhalb oder außerhalb der Schirmung angeordnet, insbesondere eine papierhaltige oder keramikhaltige Wicklung.Preferably, a cable has an inner sheath within its outer sheath, and optionally, within the outer sheath, an adjacent shield of metal or conductive polymer and / or a coil, e.g. arranged inside or outside the shield, in particular a paper-containing or ceramic-containing winding.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die US 2007/0089898 A1 beschreibt ein für Induktionsschleifen im Straßenbau geeignetes Kabel, das sich durch zwei Schichten aus z.B. vernetztem Polyethylen auszeichnet, die den Mantel bilden.The US 2007/0089898 A1 describes a suitable for induction loops in road cable, which is characterized by two layers of, for example, cross-linked polyethylene, which form the shell.

Die EP 2367177 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kabeln, bei dem durch eine gemeinsame Düse zwei Massen konzentrisch um verseilte Adern aufgetragen werden, die einen Innenmantel mit etwa konstanter Schichtdicke und einen darauf aufliegenden Außenmantel bilden, der die durch den Innenmantel nachgebildeten Zwickel der verseilten Adern ausfüllt und einen zylindrischen Außenumfang bildet.The EP 2367177 A1 describes a method for producing cables, in which two masses are applied concentrically around a stranded wires by a common nozzle, which form an inner sheath with an approximately constant layer thickness and an outer sheath resting on it, which fills the gusset of the stranded cores simulated by the inner sheath and a cylindrical outer circumference forms.

Diese bekannten Kabel weisen den Nachteil auf, dass bei Abrieb des Mantels unmittelbar eine darunterliegende Funktionsschicht beeinträchtigt wird.These known cables have the disadvantage that upon abrasion of the shell immediately an underlying functional layer is impaired.

Die JP 2001 043748 A zeigt in der englischen Zusammenfassung ein Kabel mit einem Mantel aus zwei unterschiedlich gefärbten Schichten, die eine zackenförmige Grenzschicht haben. Die beiden Schichten sind unterschiedlich gefärbt, um Abrieb anzuzeigen.The JP 2001 043748 A shows in the English abstract a cable with a coat of two differently colored layers, which have a serrated boundary layer. The two layers are differently colored to indicate abrasion.

Die englische Zusammenfassung der JP 2006 286304 zeigt für ein Kabel, das gegen Abrieb durch Bäume beständig sein soll, innerhalb einer umfassenden Hülle drei Kabel, die jeweils einen Mantel aus einer abriebfesten Schicht und einer darunterliegenden Anzeigeschicht aufweisen, die unterschiedlich gefärbt sind. Da die die Schicht als abriebfest und die darunterliegende Schicht als Anzeigeschicht bezeichnet ist, ist davon auszugehen, dass die jeweiligen Polymermischungen unterschiedlich sind.The English summary of the JP 2006 286304 shows for a cable that is to be resistant to abrasion by trees, within a comprehensive envelope three cables, each having a coat of an abrasion-resistant layer and an underlying display layer, which are colored differently. Since the layer is referred to as abrasion-resistant and the underlying layer as the display layer, it can be assumed that the respective polymer mixtures are different.

Die EP 0 802 542 A2 zeigt ein Kabel, bei dem eine außenliegende Halbleiterschicht auf einer Isolierschicht mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Farben angeordnet ist, um Abrieb zu zeigen..The EP 0 802 542 A2 shows a cable in which an external semiconductor layer is disposed on an insulating layer with different colors to show abrasion.

Die US 6,207,902 B zeigt ein Kabel an einem beweglichen Arin, das einen Mantel und eine darunter liegende Isolierschicht in kontrastierender Farbe hat Ein mehrschichtiger Mantel wird nicht genannt.The US 6,207,902 B shows a cable on a moving aryne having a cladding and an underlying insulating layer in contrasting color. A multilayer clad is not mentioned.

Die englische Zusammenfassung der JP 20112223 64 zeigt nur einen Leiter mit einer Innenschicht und einer Außenschicht, die Licht reflektieren sollen.The English summary of the JP 20112223 64 shows only a conductor with an inner layer and an outer layer, which should reflect light.

Die DE 10 2009 047745 A1 zeigt ein Kabel mit einer Indikatorschicht, die zwischen einem Innenmantel und einem Außenmantel liegt und bei Beschädigung des Außenmantels austreten soll. Die Indikatorschicht ist nicht als Mantelschicht zu qualifizieren, da sie keine mechanische Festigkeit hat.The DE 10 2009 047745 A1 shows a cable with an indicator layer which is located between an inner sheath and an outer sheath and should escape in case of damage to the outer sheath. The indicator layer does not qualify as a cladding layer because it has no mechanical strength.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, ein Kabel mit einem Aufbau bereitzustellen, der zur Verwendung als Verschleißanzeige für den Abnutzungszustand des Kabels geeignet ist, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Kabels.The object of the invention is to provide a cable with a structure which is suitable for use as a wear indicator for the wear state of the cable, and a method for manufacturing the cable.

Allgemeine Beschreibung der ErfindungGeneral description of the invention

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche und insbesondere mit einem Kabel, das zumindest einen elektrischen oder optischen Leiter aufweist, vorzugsweise zwei oder mehr Leiter, die jeweils mit einer Isolierung versehen sind und Adern bilden, die bevorzugt miteinander verseilt sind.The invention solves the problem with the features of the claims and in particular with a cable having at least one electrical or optical conductor, preferably two or more conductors, which are each provided with insulation and form cores, which are preferably stranded together.

Das Kabel zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Außenmantel eine erste Schicht aufweist, die die Außenoberfläche des Kabels bildet und eine innerhalb der ersten Schicht angrenzend angeordnete zweite Schicht, die durchgängig eine von der Farbe der ersten Schicht abweichende Farbe aufweist, z.B. eine Kontrastfarbe zur ersten Schicht, wobei der Außenmantel eine innerhalb der zweiten Schicht angrenzend angeordnete dritte Schicht aufweist, die durchgängig eine von der Farbe der ersten und/oder der zweiten Schicht abweichende Farbe aufweist, insbesondere eine Kontrastfarbe. Für die Zwecke der Erfindung wird die Färbung einer Schicht bzw. einer Polymermischung als Farbe bezeichnet, die sich aus deren Bestandteilen ergibt, wobei der Gehalt an Farbstoff optional ist. Dabei besteht die Durchgängigkeit der Farbe darin, dass die Schicht durch ihre gesamte Schichtdicke die abweichende Farbe bzw. die Kontrastfarbe aufweist. Optional ist die Kontrastfarbe eine Komplementärfarbe. Bevorzugt ist die erste Schicht nicht fluoreszierend und nicht phosphoreszierend, insbesondere ist die erste Schicht schwarz, z.B. durch einen Gehalt an Ruß, und die zweite und/oder dritte Schicht weist eine nicht fluoreszierende oder eine fluoreszierende oder phosphoreszierende abweichende Farbe, insbesondere eine Kontrastfarbe auf. Bei einem Außenmantel aus zwei Schichten ist insbesondere die zweite Schicht gelb, orange oder rot, bei einem Außenmantel mit oder aus drei Schichten ist bevorzugt die zweite Schicht weiß, gelb oder orange und die dritte Schicht ist rot.The cable is characterized in that the outer jacket has a first layer forming the outer surface of the cable and a second layer disposed adjacent the first layer and having a color different from the color of the first layer throughout, e.g. a contrasting color to the first layer, wherein the outer jacket has a third layer disposed within the second layer adjacent third, which has a different color from the color of the first and / or the second layer, in particular a contrasting color. For the purposes of the invention, the coloring of a layer or a polymer mixture is referred to as the color resulting from their constituents, wherein the content of dye is optional. The continuity of the color consists in the fact that the layer has the deviating color or the contrasting color through its entire layer thickness. Optionally, the contrasting color is a complementary color. Preferably, the first layer is non-fluorescent and non-phosphorescent, in particular, the first layer is black, e.g. by a content of carbon black, and the second and / or third layer has a non-fluorescent or a fluorescent or phosphorescent deviating color, in particular a contrasting color. In the case of an outer sheath of two layers, in particular the second layer is yellow, orange or red, in the case of an outer sheath with or of three layers, the second layer is preferably white, yellow or orange and the third layer is red.

Die Kontrastfarbe für die zweite und dritte Schicht kann z.B. für eine erste Schicht, die schwarz, grau oder weiß ist, aus den Farben ausgewählt sein, die gelb bis rot ist, z.B. rot, orange oder gelb, grün oder violett bis blau umfassen oder daraus bestehen, die optional fluoreszierend oder phosphoreszierend sein können. Für den Fall, dass die erste Schicht eine Farbe aufweist, beispielsweise rot, blau, gelb, grün, kann die zweite Schicht eine Kontrastfarbe dazu aufweisen, z.B. wie dies in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt ist.For example, the contrast color for the second and third layers may be selected from the colors that are yellow to red, eg, red, for a first layer that is black, gray, or white. include or consist of orange or yellow, green or purple to blue, which may optionally be fluorescent or phosphorescent. In the event that the first layer has a color, for example red, blue, yellow, green, the second layer may have a contrasting color thereto, for example as shown in Table 1.

Das Kabel kann z.B. ein Flachbandleiter mit einem Außenmantel ovalen bis gestreckten Querschnitts sein, eine andere Geometrie aufweisen oder ein Rundkabel mit einem Außenmantel mit ringförmigen Querschnitt sein, wahlweise mit zwischen dem Innenmantel und dem Außenmantel angeordneter Schirmung und/oder Wicklung. Der Außenmantel liegt bevorzugt auf einem Innenmantel auf, optional auf einer Wicklung und/oder Schirmung.The cable may e.g. a ribbon cable having an outer shell of oval to elongated cross-section, have a different geometry or be a round cable with an outer shell with an annular cross-section, optionally arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell shielding and / or winding. The outer jacket is preferably on an inner shell, optionally on a winding and / or shielding.

Das Kabel ist durch den Außenmantel mit zumindest einer ersten und einer innerhalb und angrenzend an die erste Schicht angeordneten zweiten Schicht in abweichender Farbe, z.B. in Kontrastfarbe, mit einer innerhalb und angrenzend an die zweite Schicht angeordneten dritten Schicht in zur Farbe der ersten und/oder zu der zweiten Schicht abweichender Farbe, insbesondere in Konstrastfarbe, zur Verwendung als Anzeigeeinrichtung für den Abnutzungsgrad, insbesondere für den Abnutzungsgrad durch Abrieb geeignet. Entsprechend betrifft die Erfindung auch die Verwendung des Außenmantels des Kabels als Anzeigeeinrichtung für den Abnutzungszustand des Kabels, insbesondere durch Abrieb.The cable is formed in a different color, e.g., by the outer jacket, with at least a first and a second layer disposed within and adjacent to the first layer. in contrasting color, with a third layer arranged inside and adjacent to the second layer in a color deviating from the color of the first and / or the second layer, in particular in contrasting color, for use as a wear indicator, in particular for abrasion wear. Accordingly, the invention also relates to the use of the outer sheath of the cable as a display device for the wear state of the cable, in particular by abrasion.

Bevorzugt haben die Schichten des Außenmantels entlang ihres Umfang eine einheitliche Schichtdicke. Die Schichtdicken können untereinander gleich sein. Optional ist die erste Schicht wesentlich dicker als die zweite und/oder als die dritte Schicht, z.B. kann die zweite und/oder dritte Schicht eine Dicke von 2 bis 30%, bevorzugt von 5 bis 10% der Dicke der ersten Schicht aufweisen, so dass der Abrieb im Wesentlichen die erste Schicht reduziert und erst nach Durchrieb der ersten Schicht die unter der ersten Schicht liegende zweite und/oder dritte Schicht sichtbar wird und den Abrieb der ersten Schicht anzeigt.The layers of the outer jacket preferably have a uniform layer thickness along their circumference. The layer thicknesses can be equal to each other. Optionally, the first layer is substantially thicker than the second and / or as the third layer, e.g. For example, the second and / or third layer may have a thickness of from 2 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 10%, of the thickness of the first layer, so that the abrasion substantially reduces the first layer and only after the first layer has rubbed through, the first layer Layer lying second and / or third layer is visible and indicates the abrasion of the first layer.

Die Kontrastfarben der Schichten, die den Außenmantel bilden, machen den Außenmantel bzw. das Kabel mit diesem Außenmantel zur Verwendung als Anzeigeeinrichtung für den Abnutzungszustand bzw. als Verschleißanzeige geeignet, da eine Abnutzung, beispielsweise durch Abrieb, zunächst die erste Schicht abschnittsweise abträgt und dadurch die zweite Schicht sichtbar werden lässt und durch weitere Abnutzung auch die zweite Schicht abträgt und die dritte Schicht sichtbar werden lässt. Durch die Einfärbung der Schichten des Außenmantels in Kontrastfarben wird ein bei Abtrag der ersten Schicht optisch einfach zu identifizierendes Signal für den Abnutzungszustand erzeugt, sodass rechtzeitig vor Beschädigung einer Schirmung, einer Wicklung oder der Adern innerhalb des Kabels der Abtrag des Außenmantels sichtbar wird und daher ein optisches Signal erkennbar wird, das die Abnutzung bis hin zum Ende der Gebrauchsdauer des Kabels anzeigt und die Reparatur oder den Austausch des Kabels auslösen kann. Ein Vorteil des Kabels liegt darin, dass dieses optische Signal, das durch den abschnittsweisen Abtrag zumindest der ersten Schicht des Außenmantels sichtbar wird, beim funktionsfähigen Kabel bzw. vor Beeinträchtigung der Funktionsfähigkeit oder Betriebssicherheit des Kabels erzeugt wird.The contrasting colors of the layers which form the outer jacket make the outer jacket or the cable with this outer jacket suitable for use as a display device for the wear condition or as a wear indicator, since wear, for example due to abrasion, initially removes the first layer in sections, thereby reducing the wear second layer is visible and by further wear also removes the second layer and leaves the third layer visible. By coloring the layers of the Outer sheath in contrasting colors is generated when removing the first layer optically easy to identify signal for wear, so in good time before damage to a shield, a winding or the wires within the cable, the removal of the outer shell is visible and therefore an optical signal is recognizable, the indicates wear to the end of the life of the cable and can trigger the repair or replacement of the cable. An advantage of the cable is that this optical signal, which is visible through the partial removal of at least the first layer of the outer sheath, is produced in the functioning cable or before impairment of the functionality or reliability of the cable.

Entsprechend betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer elektrischen Vorrichtung mit dem Schritt der mechanischen Abnutzung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kabels, das sich durch den zumindest abschnittsweisen Abtrag zumindest der ersten Schicht des Außenmantels des Kabels von der zweiten und/oder dritten Schicht auszeichnet, vorzugsweise mit dem anschließenden Reparieren oder Austauschen des Kabels gegen eines mit geringerem Nutzungsgrad, bzw. gegen ein neues Kabel. Bei dem Verfahren kann das Kabel relativ zu einer Oberfläche bewegt werden, beispielsweise durch Anordnung des Kabels in einer aus angelenkten Gliedern bestehenden Führung, sodass das Kabel einen Teil einer Schleppkette bildet.Accordingly, the invention also relates to a method for operating an electrical device with the step of mechanical wear of a cable according to the invention, which is characterized by the at least partially removing at least the first layer of the outer jacket of the cable from the second and / or third layer, preferably with the subsequent repair or replacement of the cable against one with less efficiency, or against a new cable. In the method, the cable may be moved relative to a surface, for example, by placing the cable in a guide made of articulated links so that the cable forms part of a drag chain.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Kabel ist daher insbesondere zur Verwendung als Schleppkette, bzw. als Teil einer Schleppkettenanordnung geeignet, und/oder zur Verwendung als mobiles und/oder abriebbelastetes Kabel, z.B. als mobile Kabel für den Bergbau oder Tagebau, oder als zwischen zwei relativ zueinander beweglichen Halteeinrichtungen befestigtes und abriebbelastetes Kabel, z.B. als Kabel eines Roboterarms.A cable according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for use as a drag chain, or as part of a drag chain arrangement, and / or for use as a mobile and / or abrasion-loaded cable, e.g. as mobile cables for mining or open pit mining, or as cables fastened between two relatively movable holding devices and abraded, e.g. as a cable of a robotic arm.

Das zur erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung geeignete Kabel kann durch nacheinander folgende Extrusion der Schichten, die den Außenmantel bilden, erzeugt werden, wahlweise durch nacheinander folgende Extrusion oder durch gleichzeitige Extrusion der den Außenmantel bildenden Schichten. Die gleichzeitige Extrusion kann beispielsweise mit einer Düse erfolgen, durch deren Zentralkanal die innerhalb des Außenmantels angeordneten Elemente des Kabels geführt werden, um welchen für jede Schicht eine Polymermischung mit ringförmigem Querschnitt extrudiert wird, wobei anschließend das Kabel einschließlich des Außenmantels durch eine Düse bewegt wird, um die Außenfläche des Kabels zu formen. Die Schichten des Außenmantels können durch eine Extrusionsdüse extrudiert werden, die beispielsweise aus der EP 2367177 bekannt ist und ringförmige Zuführungskanäle aufweist, die konzentrisch angeordnet sind und eine konzentrische Extrusion der Schichten des Außenmantels um die innerhalb des Außenmantels angeordneten Elemente des Kabels erlaubt. Bei der nacheinander folgenden Extrusion der den Außenmantel bildenden Schichten wird zunächst die Schicht des Außenmantels mit dem kleinsten Radius um die innerhalb des Außenmantels angeordneten Elemente des Kabels extrudiert. Die Schicht des Außenmantels mit dem kleinsten Radius kann die dritte oder zweite Schicht sein. Anschließend wird die Schicht mit dem nächst größeren Radius per Extrusion auf die bereits extrudierte Schicht extrudiert, bis abschließend die erste Schicht per Extrusion aufgetragen wird.The cable suitable for use in accordance with the invention may be produced by successively extruding the layers forming the outer jacket, optionally by successive extrusion or by simultaneous extrusion of the layers forming the outer jacket. The simultaneous extrusion may, for example, take place with a nozzle through the central channel of which the elements of the cable arranged inside the outer jacket are guided, around which a polymer mixture of annular cross-section is extruded for each layer, and subsequently the cable, including the outer jacket, is moved through a nozzle, to form the outer surface of the cable. The layers of the Outer jacket can be extruded through an extrusion die, for example, from the EP 2367177 is known and has annular feed channels, which are arranged concentrically and allows a concentric extrusion of the layers of the outer jacket to the disposed within the outer jacket elements of the cable. In the subsequent extrusion of the layers forming the outer jacket, the layer of the outer jacket with the smallest radius is first extruded around the elements of the cable arranged inside the outer jacket. The layer of the outer sheath with the smallest radius may be the third or second layer. Subsequently, the layer with the next larger radius is extruded by extrusion onto the already extruded layer, until finally the first layer is applied by extrusion.

Die Schichten des Außenmantels bestehen aus jeweils derselben Polymermischung, der jeweils der Farbstoff für die spezifische Einfärbung der Schicht zugesetzt ist. Ein Außenmantel aus Schichten derselben Polymermischung, die jeweils einen Farbstoff für die spezifische Einfärbung der Schicht enthalten, hat den Vorteil der festen, klebenden Verbindung der Schichten und bietet für das Herstellungsverfahren den Vorteil, dass eine Polymermischung angesetzt und anteilig mit den für die Schichten spezifischen Farbstoffen versetzt werden kann, insbesondere bei gleichzeitiger Extrusion der den Außenmantel bildenden Schichten.The layers of the outer shell each consist of the same polymer mixture, to each of which the dye for the specific coloring of the layer is added. An outer layer of layers of the same polymer mixture, each containing a dye for the specific coloring of the layer, has the advantage of the solid, adhesive compound of the layers and offers for the manufacturing process the advantage that a polymer mixture prepared and proportionally with the specific dyes for the layers can be added, in particular with simultaneous extrusion of the outer shell forming layers.

Genaue Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Die Erfindung wird nun genauer mit Bezug auf die Figuren beschrieben, die schematisch

  • in Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Kabel,
  • in Figur 2 eine Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Kabel und
  • in Figur 3 eine weitere Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Kabel zeigen.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the figures which show schematically
  • in FIG. 1 a cross section through a cable according to the invention,
  • in FIG. 2 a plan view of an inventive cable and
  • in FIG. 3 show a further plan view of a cable according to the invention.

In den Figuren bezeichnen gleiche Bezugsziffern funktionsgleiche Elemente. Der Querschnitt von Figur 1 zeigt ein Kabel mit drei Adern aus jeweils einem Leiter 1 mit einer Isolierung 2, die miteinander verseilt sind und von einem Innenmantel 3 umfasst sind. Der Außenmantel besteht aus einer ersten Schicht 4, die die Außenfläche des Kabels bildet und innerhalb derer eine zweite Schicht 5 anliegt. In der zweiten Schicht 5 liegt unmittelbar angrenzend eine dritte Schicht 6 an. Die zweite Schicht 5 ist in einer Kontrastfarbe zur ersten Schicht 4 eingefärbt. Die dritte Schicht 6 ist in einer Kontrastfarbe zur ersten Schicht 4 und zur zweiten Schicht gefärbt. Bevorzugte Farbkombinationen der Schichten des Außenmantels sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle angegeben: Tabelle 1: Farben der Schichten des Außenmantels: zweite Schicht weiß bis gelb zweite Schicht orange zweite Schicht rot zweite Schicht grün zweite Schicht violett bis blau erste Schicht schwarz dritte Schicht rot oder blau dritte Schicht rot oder blau dritte Schicht weiß bis gelb, violett bis blau oder grün dritte Schicht weiß bis gelb, orange, rot oder violett bis blau dritte Schicht weiß bis gelb oder rot, orange oder grün erste Schicht weiß dritte Schicht rot, violett bis blau, grün oder schwarz dritte Schicht rot oder, violett bis blau, grün oder schwarz dritte Schicht gelb, violett bis blau, grün oder schwarz dritte Schicht gelb bis orange, rot oder violett bis blau, oder schwarz dritte Schicht gelb bis orange oder rot oder schwarz erste Schicht violett dritte Schicht grün oder schwarz dritte Schicht grün oder schwarz dritte Schicht grün, weiß, gelb oder schwarz dritte Schicht rot, orange, gelb oder schwarz - erste Schicht orange dritte Schicht grün oder schwarz - dritte Schicht grün, weiß oder schwarz dritte Schicht violett bis blau, weiß oder schwarz dritte Schicht grün, weiß oder schwarz erste Schicht grün dritte Schicht rot oder schwarz dritte Schicht violett, blau oder schwarz dritte Schicht weiß, gelb oder schwarz - dritte Schicht gelb, orange, weiß oder schwarz erste Schicht grau dritte Schicht rot oder blau dritte Schicht rot oder blau dritte Schicht weiß bis gelb, violett bis blau oder grün dritte Schicht weiß bis gelb, orange, rot oder violett bis blau dritte Schicht weiß bis gelb oder rot, orange oder grün In the figures, like reference numerals designate functionally identical elements. The cross section of FIG. 1 shows a cable with three wires from a respective conductor 1 with an insulation 2, which are stranded together and are covered by an inner shell 3. The outer jacket consists of a first layer 4, which forms the outer surface of the cable and within which a second layer 5 is applied. In the second layer 5 is immediately adjacent to a third Layer 6 on. The second layer 5 is colored in a contrasting color to the first layer 4. The third layer 6 is colored in a contrasting color to the first layer 4 and to the second layer. Preferred color combinations of the layers of the outer shell are given in the following table: <u> Table 1: Colors of outer layer layers: </ u> second layer white to yellow second layer of orange second layer red second layer green second layer purple to blue first layer black third layer red or blue third layer red or blue third layer white to yellow, purple to blue or green third layer white to yellow, orange, red or purple to blue third layer white to yellow or red, orange or green first layer white third layer red, purple to blue, green or black third layer red or, violet to blue, green or black third layer yellow, violet to blue, green or black third layer yellow to orange, red or purple to blue, or black third layer yellow to orange or red or black first layer violet third layer green or black third layer green or black third layer green, white, yellow or black third layer red, orange, yellow or black - first layer of orange third layer green or black - third layer green, white or black third layer purple to blue, white or black third layer green, white or black first layer green third layer red or black third layer purple, blue or black third layer white, yellow or black - third layer yellow, orange, white or black first layer gray third layer red or blue third layer red or blue third layer white to yellow, purple to blue or green third layer white to yellow, orange, red or purple to blue third layer white to yellow or red, orange or green

Die in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Farbkombination sind ausgewählte Beispiele, es kann aber auch jede andere Farbkombination der Schichten gewählt werden, bei der die Schichten des Außenmantels voneinander abweichende Farben aufweisen, so dass sie optisch einfach unterscheidbar sind und den Verschleißzustand erkennen lassen.The color combination indicated in Table 1 are selected examples, but any other color combination of the layers may be selected in which the layers of the outer shell have different colors, so that they are visually easily distinguishable and can detect the state of wear.

Die Schichten können aus einer Polymermischung bestehen, die die folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist:

  • 5 bis 100 phr Polymer,
  • optional 2 bis 900 phr mineralischer Füllstoff, z.B. Kreide, Aluminiumhydroxid, Kaolin,
  • optional 5 bis 400 phr Weichmacher,
  • 0,01 bis 15 phr Farbstoff, z.B. Ruß, weißes und/oder farbiges Pigment,
  • 0,1 bis 80 phr Verarbeitungshilfsmittel, z.B. Wachs, Fettsäuren,
  • wobei das Polymer z.B. TPU (thermoplastisches Polyurethan),
  • TPO (Thermoplastisches Olefinelastomer),
  • TPV (Thermoplastisches Kautschukvulkanisat),
  • TPC (Thermoplastisches Copolyesterelastomer),
  • TPA (Thermoplastisches Polyamidelastomer),
  • TPU (Thermoplastisches Urethanelastomer),
  • TPS (Thermoplastisches Styrolelastomer),
  • CR (Polychloroprenelastomer),
  • CM (Chlorpolyethylenelastomere),
  • EPDM (Ethylenpropylendienelastomer),
  • EPM (Ethylenpropylenelastomer),
  • CSM (Chlorsulfonylpolyethylenelastomer),
  • NBR (Acrylnitrilbutadienelastomer),
  • ACM (Polyacrylatelastomer), -
  • NR (Naturkautschuk) bzw. IR (synthetisches Polyisoprenelastomer),
  • HNBR (hydriertes Acrylnitrilbutadienelastomer),
  • FKM (Fluorelastomer),
  • BR (Butadienelastomer),
  • IIR (Butylelastomer), CIIR (Chlobutylelastomer), BIIR (Brombutylelastomer),
  • SBR (Styrolbutadienelastomer),
  • SIR (Silikonelastomer)
  • PVC (Polyvinylchlorid),
  • PA (Polyamid),
  • PP (Polypropylen),
  • PE (Polyethylen),
  • EVA (Polyethylenvinylacetat),
  • EBA (Polybutylacrylat),
  • PEEK (Polyetheretherketon),
  • POM (Polyoxymethylen),
  • PBT (Polybutylenterephthalat),
  • PET (Polyethylenterephthalat),
  • ETFE (Polyethylen-Tetrafluorethylen),
  • PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen),
  • PFA (Polytetrafluorethylen-Perfluorpropylvinylether),
  • FEP (Polytetrafluorethylen-Hexafluorpropylen),
  • MFA ((Polytetrafluorethylen-Perfluormethylvinylether) oder eine Mischung von zumindest zweien dieser ist.
The layers may consist of a polymer blend having the following composition:
  • From 5 to 100 phr of polymer,
  • optionally 2 to 900 phr of mineral filler, eg chalk, aluminum hydroxide, kaolin,
  • optionally 5 to 400 phr plasticizer,
  • 0.01 to 15 phr of dye, eg carbon black, white and / or colored pigment,
  • 0.1 to 80 phr processing aids, eg wax, fatty acids,
  • the polymer being eg TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane),
  • TPO (thermoplastic olefin elastomer),
  • TPV (Thermoplastic Rubber Vulcanizate),
  • TPC (thermoplastic copolyester elastomer),
  • TPA (Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomer),
  • TPU (Thermoplastic Urethane Elastomer),
  • TPS (thermoplastic styrene elastomer),
  • CR (polychloroprene elastomer),
  • CM (chlorinated polyethylene elastomers),
  • EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Elastomer),
  • EPM (ethylene propylene elastomer),
  • CSM (chlorosulfonyl polyethylene elastomer),
  • NBR (acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer),
  • ACM (polyacrylate elastomer),
  • NR (natural rubber) or IR (synthetic polyisoprene elastomer),
  • HNBR (hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer),
  • FKM (fluoroelastomer),
  • BR (butadiene elastomer),
  • IIR (Butyl Elastomer), CIIR (Chlobutyl Elastomer), BIIR (Bromobutyl Elastomer),
  • SBR (styrene butadiene elastomer),
  • SIR (silicone elastomer)
  • PVC (polyvinyl chloride),
  • PA (polyamide),
  • PP (polypropylene),
  • PE (polyethylene),
  • EVA (polyethylene vinyl acetate),
  • EBA (polybutyl acrylate),
  • PEEK (polyetheretherketone),
  • POM (polyoxymethylene),
  • PBT (polybutylene terephthalate),
  • PET (polyethylene terephthalate),
  • ETFE (polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene),
  • PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene),
  • PFA (polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether),
  • FEP (polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene),
  • MFA (polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether) or a mixture of at least two of these.

Als Farbstoff kann der ersten Schicht z.B. Ruß (erste Schicht schwarz) oder Titandioxid (erste Schicht weiß), der zweiten Polymermischung ein gelber Farbstoff (zweite Schicht gelb) und der dritten Polymermischung Paligonrot (dritte Schicht rot) zugesetzt sein.As the dye, the first layer may be e.g. Carbon black (first layer black) or titanium dioxide (first layer white), the second polymer mixture a yellow dye (second layer yellow) and the third polymer mixture Paligonrot (third layer red) may be added.

Fig. 2 zeigt in einem Ausschnitt eines Kabels nach Fig. 1 in Aufsicht, dass nach Abrieb eines Abschnitts der ersten Schicht 4 die zweite Schicht 5 sichtbar wird. Da generell bevorzugt ist, dass die Schichten des Außenmantels im wesentlichen dieselbe Widerstandsfähigkeit aufweisen, insbesondere mit Ausnahme des Farbstoffs eine Polymermischung derselben Zusammensetzung aufweisen, hat auch die zweite Schicht 5 eine ausreichende Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Abrieb, um die Funktionsfähigkeit des Kabels zu erhalten. Die Sichtbarkeit der zweiten Schicht 5 dient als Anzeige für den Abnutzungszustand des Kabels, die ohne weiteres sichtbar ist. Fig. 2 shows in a section of a cable Fig. 1 in plan view that after abrasion of a portion of the first layer 4, the second layer 5 is visible. Since it is generally preferred that the layers of the outer jacket have substantially the same resistance, in particular with the exception of the dye, a polymer mixture thereof Having composition, the second layer 5 has a sufficient resistance to abrasion in order to maintain the functionality of the cable. The visibility of the second layer 5 serves as an indication of the wear of the cable, which is readily visible.

Fig. 3 zeigt den Zustand eines Abschnitts eines Kabels nach weiterer Abnutzung, insbesondere nach weiterem Abrieb. Hier wird deutlich, dass die weitere Abnutzung dazu führt, dass innerhalb der von der ersten Schicht 4 des Mantels gebildeten Fläche auch die dritte Schicht sichtbar wird und eine Anzeige bildet. Bei einem Abrieb innerhalb einer Ebene bleibt zwischen der dritten Schicht 6 und der ersten Schicht 4 auch ein Abschnitt der zweiten Schicht 5 sichtbar, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist. Fig. 3 shows the state of a portion of a cable after further wear, especially after further abrasion. Here it becomes clear that the further wear leads to the fact that within the area formed by the first layer 4 of the shell also the third layer becomes visible and forms a display. In the case of attrition within a plane, a portion of the second layer 5 also remains visible between the third layer 6 and the first layer 4, as in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.

Claims (14)

  1. Cable or line having at least one conductor (1) which is surrounded by an outer sheath (4, 5, 6), wherein the outer sheath (4, 5, 6), for use as an indicator device for the state of wear, has a first layer (4) which is composed of a first polymer mixture which forms the outer surface of the cable, and ha s a second layer (5) which is arranged in an adjoining manner within the first layer (4) and is composed of a second polymer mixture which has a c o nsiste nt colour which differs from the colour of the first polymer mixture, characterized in that a third layer (6) which is composed of a third polymer mixture is arranged in a n adjoining manner within the se c o nd layer (5), the said third polymer mixture having a consistent colour which differs from the colour of the first polymer mixture and/or from the colour of the second polymer mixture, and in that the layers of the outer sheath (4, 5, 6) are composed of the same polymer mixture containing a respective dye which forms the colour of the layer, and in that the layers of the outer sheath (4, 5, 6) have a uniform layer thickness along their circumference.
  2. Cable or line according to claim 1, characterized in that the differing colouris a contrasting colour or complementary colour.
  3. Cable or line according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the outer sheath is composed of a first, a second and a third layer which is arranged in an adjoining manner within the second layer, and the colours of the layers ha ve one of the following combinations: second layer white to yellow second layer orange second layerred second layer green second layer violet to blue first layer black third layer red or blue third layer red or blue third layer white to yellow, violet to blue or green third layer white to yellow, orange, red or violet to blue third layer white to yellow or red, orange or green first layer white third layer red, violet to blue, green or black third layer red or violet to blue, green or black third layer yellow, violet to blue, green or black third layer yellow to orange, red or violet to blue, or black third layer yellow to orange or red or black first layer violet third layer green or black third layer green or black third layer green, white, yellow or black third layer red, orange, yellow or black first layer orange third layer green or black third layer green, white or black third layer violet to blue, white or black third layer green, white or black first layer green third layer red or black third layer violet, blue or black third layer white, yellow or black third layer yellow, orange, white or black first layer grey third layer red or blue third layer red or blue third layer white to yellow, violet to blue or green third layer white to yellow, orange, red or violet to blue third layer white to yellow or red, orange or green
  4. Cable or line according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outersheath (4, 5, 6) adjoins an innersheath (3), a shield and/ora winding.
  5. Cable or line according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged inelementsofa drag chain which can move in relation to one another.
  6. Cable or line according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outersheath (4, 5, 6) has a uniform layer thickness along its ra d ius.
  7. Cable or line according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second la ye r ha s a thickness of from 1 to 30% of the thickness of the first layer.
  8. Cable or line according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the layer thicknesses of the layers of the outer sheath are the same as one another.
  9. Use of the outer sheath (4, 5, 6) of a cable ora line according to one of the preceding claims as an indicator device for the state ofwearofthe cable.
  10. Use according to claim 9, in which the cable ort he line is used as a mobile cable orline which is subject to friction and/oras a cable orline which is arranged between two holding devices, which can move relative to one another, and is subje c t to fric tio n.
  11. Method for operating an electrical apparatus having a cable or a line according to one of claims 1 to 8 which is arranged between two holding devices which are moved relative to one another and which can move relative to a section of the apparatus, said method comprising the steps of
    - moving the outer sheath (4, 5, 6) of the cable in contact with the section of the apparatus,
    - wearing away of the outersheath (4, 5, 6) and
    - removalin sections of the first layer (4) of the outersheath (4, 5, 6) down to at least the second layer (5) becoming visible.
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the situation of the second layer(5) of the outersheath (4, 5, 6) becoming visible is used as an indicator of the state ofwearofthe cable.
  13. Method according to either of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the second layer (5) is removed at least in sections and the third layer (6) becomes visible due to the movement of the cable in contact with the section of the apparatus.
  14. Method for producing a cable ora line according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the polymer mixtures which form the outersheath (4, 5, 6) are extruded with an annular cross section onto the elements of the cable which are surrounded by the outer sheath.
EP12305609.5A 2012-06-01 2012-06-01 Cable with wear indicator Not-in-force EP2669901B1 (en)

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EP2669901B1 true EP2669901B1 (en) 2015-09-16

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105427931A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-03-23 齐鲁电缆有限公司 Coal cutter flexible cable with reduced bearing force of control wire core

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