EP2666205A1 - Exothermic component, electrode construction, electrical energy cell and cell arrangement, and production method and driving method - Google Patents

Abstract

An exothermic component has a reactive multilayer arranged in grid-shape fashion on a carrier. The exothermic component can be incorporated in an electrode construction of a galvanic cell comprising electrode layers, a separator layer and current collecting layers. In addition, a matrix-like sensor arrangement can be provided in the electrode construction. Defect locations in the electrode construction can be identified on the basis of output signals of the sensor arrangement. By igniting selected regions of the reactive multilayer grid, which react exothermically, it is possible to destroy the defect locations in a targeted manner.

Description

 Exothermic component, electrode assembly, electric power cell and cell assembly, and method for manufacturing and method for

 control

Description

Hereby, the entire contents of the priority application DE 10 201 1 008 706.0 by reference is part of the present application.

The present invention relates to an exothermic component, a

Electrode assembly, an electric power cell and a cell assembly, a method for producing an exothermic device and a method for driving an electric power cell or a cell assembly.

In the context of the present application, electrical energy cells are understood as devices which are also able to deliver electrical energy. As electric power cells, for example, but not only, primary and secondary battery cells (galvanic cells), fuel cells,

Capacitor cells, supercapacitors such as supercaps and the like to understand.

In battery technology is a development to primary and (in particular) secondary batteries (accumulators) with increasing energy density too

observe. It also uses material combinations with lithium. Defects in the structure of electrode structures can lead to malfunction of the cell or other undesirable phenomena such as

Drop in performance, a rise in temperature or the like. Such imperfections can be present in the electrode structure from the outset, for example due to crystal defects, or over time, for example as a result of aging or mechanical damage, or initial crystal defects can only become noticeable or worsen over time. A cell whose electrode structure has defects can, for. B., but not only, become unusable due to excessive temperature winding or unreliable function over time or affect other cells, so that they can be exposed to only a limited load, must be taken out of a cell composite or even needs to be replaced. There is a need to have a lifetime of cells whose

Electrode structure has defects, extend or at least partially maintain their performance by the defects is specifically taken into account.

From DE 11 2004 000 385 T5 a heat flow-regulating cover for an electrical storage cell is known, the heat at a

Can generate overheat point during a short circuit condition. The cover comprises a first layer of thermally conductive material shaped to conform to an outer surface of the electrical energy storage cell and to distribute heat from the overheat point over a surface area greater than the overheat point. The cover also includes a second layer of heat-insulating material shaped to conform to an outer surface of the first layer and retarding heat flow to an outer surface of the second layer. Thereby, the maximum surface temperature of the cell can be reduced and the surface temperature of the second layer can be kept below a predetermined limit. From WO 03/038924 A2 a fuel cell is known with a

Membrane electrode assembly adjacent to a porous

Gas diffusion layer is arranged. The membrane electrode assembly is activated by supplying reagents thereto. The porous one

Gas diffusion layer functions to selectively limit the amount of reagents reaching certain areas of the membrane electrode assembly to reduce hot spots. In similar WO 03/038936 A1 of the same Applicant, instead of the porous gas diffusion layer, a porous layer of Z-axis electrically conductive positive temperature coefficient material (such a layer will hereinafter be abbreviated to "PTC conductor layer") is provided, wherein the porous PTC conductor layer acts to selectively limit the amount of electrons picked up (collected) from certain areas of the membrane electrode assembly to reduce hot spots.

According to DE 2007 046 939 A1, a liquid coolant flows through a fuel cell arrangement, wherein the pressure of the coolant after passing through the fuel cell arrangement is monitored for reaching or falling below a predetermined limit value, wherein the limit value is greater than the boiling equilibrium pressure of the coolant. Since reaching or falling below the boiling equilibrium pressure the risk of

Steam film formation and thus a local overheating in the fuel cells, can be avoided by monitoring the pressure of the coolant damage in the fuel cell assembly due to such local overheating.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the prior art structure particularly (but not only) in view of the above aspects.

From "Fraunhofer IWS Annual Report 2008", p. 76 it is known to use nanometer reactive multilayers as energy storage, which is used for joining heat-sensitive components are used. Such nanometer reactive multilayers (hereinafter also abbreviated to "RMS") consist of several hundred to several thousand individual layers, each of 10-100 nm thickness, of at least two different materials, with whose chemical compound energy is released (exothermic reaction). The RMS thus stores a defined amount of chemical energy, which can be used as a local heat source. After ignition by an external energy source, such. As an electrical spark or a laser pulse, an atomic interdiffusion of the multilayer materials with the release of energy is excited. It comes to the training of a progressive one

 Reaction front, from which a large amount of heat is released in a spatially limited area in a very short time. In so-called exothermic solder foils, rapidly reacting multilayer films are used as a local heat source for the production of solder joints; can heat and

Voltage entry into adjacent components can be minimized. The RMS are used with total thicknesses up to 100 pm, for example by physical

Gas phase deposition methods such as magnetron and ion beam sputter deposition (dt in about "deposition") produced and can be coated directly on corresponding components or produced as free-standing films. With material combinations such as Ni / Al or Ti / Al

For example, locally accessible temperatures of up to 2000 ° C and propagation speeds of 2 - 20 m / s called.

The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention form the subject of

Dependent claims.

The invention is based on the consideration that it would be desirable to target defects in an electrode assembly of an electric power cell

"turn off", but to keep the defect at least adjacent "healthy" sections of the electrode structure at least largely functional. For this purpose, the invention uses reactive multilayers (RMS). According to one aspect of the invention, an exothermic component with a reactive multilayer is proposed, wherein the reactive ultlayer is arranged discontinuously, in particular in a grid-like manner, on a carrier.

In the context of the invention, a reactive multilayer is understood as meaning an arrangement of at least two, preferably several hundred or several thousand individual layers of at least two different materials which react exothermically with each other on an ignition pulse, the thickness of a single layer preferably being less than 1 μm, in particular a few 10 to 100 nm and the total thickness of the multilayer is preferably up to 100 [im. Under a discontinuous arrangement is in the sense of

Invention understood an arrangement of separate areas, with a distinction to understand that an ignited reaction of one area can not spread to an adjacent area. For the purposes of the invention, a raster-shaped arrangement is understood to mean at least a substantially regular arrangement in one or two directions, in particular in the form of stripes, spots, dots (pixels) or the like, a pitch of the rastering depending on the application, for example, but not only , a few centimeters or decimeters, a few millimeters, or may be in the submillimeter range. The screening can, for example, but not only, by rasterized forming the

Reactive multilayer, subsequent introduction of trenches by etching, or by mechanical removal or the like in a continuous

trained reactive multilayer can be realized, with the trenches

(Limits) may be filled by non-reactive materials. For the purposes of the invention, a carrier is understood to mean any structure which is also capable of supporting the multilayer, for example a film provided specially for this purpose, another functional layer or a component. Due to the discontinuity, in particular rasterization of the reactive multilayer, the application of an ignition pulse to one or several areas of the reactive multilayer can limit the exothermic reaction to the same area or regions what makes it possible to realize locally limited, intensive heat production.

The exothermic component preferably has a functional layer for controlling the reactive multilayer. Particularly preferably, the functional layer has a matrix-like arrangement of switching elements, in particular thin-film transistors, wherein the matrix-shaped arrangement of switching elements with the grid-shaped arrangement of the reactive

Multilayer correlates. With the matrix-like arrangement of

For example, thin film transistors may be capable of selectively selecting selected regions of the reactive multilayer with an ignition pulse (e.g.

Voltage pulse) and thus to selectively ignite the selected areas. According to a further aspect of the invention, an electrode structure is proposed with a sequence of a first electrode layer, one

Separator layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the first

Electrode layer is in communication with a first current collecting layer and wherein the second electrode layer is in communication with a second current collecting layer, wherein the separator layer between the first

 Electrode layer and the second electrode layer is arranged, and wherein the electrode assembly comprises an exothermic device as described above. With such an electrode assembly having the exothermic device with the grid-like arrangement of the reactive multilayer, selected areas of the electrode structure that have defects can be intentionally and selectively destroyed or isolated by igniting the corresponding areas of the reactive multilayer without adjacent, healthy areas of the Excessively affected electrode structure. The healthy areas of the electrode structure can therefore continue to receive,

Conversion, storage and release of energy. Preferably, the electrode structure has a second functional layer with a matrix-like arrangement of sensor elements, wherein the

Sensor elements are designed to sense operating parameters of the electrode assembly. As an operating parameter in the meaning of the invention, for example, but not only, the temperature into consideration. The second functional layer may be integrated in the functional layer of the exothermic component. The matrix-like arrangement of sensor elements may, but need not, be with the matrix-like arrangement of switching elements or the grid-shaped ones

Correlate arrangement of the reactive multilayer. With the matrix-shaped

Arrangement of sensor elements makes it possible to detect the operating parameters of the electrode structure directly and as a two-dimensional value field (parameter field, for example temperature field). It is possible to draw conclusions about the position and criticality of defects from the parameter field, possibly also over time. From this, in turn, a decision can be made as to whether and, if so, which regions of the reactive multilayer are to be ignited in order to selectively and selectively destroy affected regions of the electrode structure.

The invention is also directed to an electric power cell with a

Electrode structure as described above and a cell assembly having a plurality of such cells, which are connected in series and / or parallel to each other. The electric power cell can be an evaluation logic for evaluating the sensor outputs and / or a control logic for

Have control of the switching elements. The cell arrangement may have a control logic that is compatible with the evaluation logics and / or the

 Control logic of all cells of the cell assembly is in communication. The control logic may be part of a battery management system, and the

Evaluation logic and / or the control logic of the electric power cells can be realized at least partially in the control logic of the cell arrangement or of the battery management system. For the purposes of the invention, logic means a device which is also able to perform logic operations. In particular, but not only, can a logic in an integrated or non-integrated circuit, an electronic one

Be embodied control unit, an electronic control unit, a microcomputer or the like. In the context of the invention, an electric power cell is understood to mean a device which is also designed and set up to emit electrical energy. It may, in particular, but not only, be one

electrochemical storage cell of primary or secondary type (battery or accumulator cell), a fuel cell or a capacitor cell act. An active part of the cell, in particular an electrochemical

(Galvanic) cell, in which also take place electrochemical charging, discharging and possibly conversion processes of electrical energy, has an electrode assembly with layers, each embodied by films themselves or arranged on films (deposited or the like). For the purposes of the invention, a film is understood to be a thin semifinished product which is produced from a metal and / or a plastic. In this case, the film can serve as a carrier (substrate) for a material having desired electrical and / or chemical properties or be made of the material with the properties mentioned itself. The layers comprise electrochemically active materials (electrode layers), electrically conductive materials (current collecting or collector layers) and separating materials (separator layer). For the purposes of the invention, a collector or current collecting layer is understood to mean a layer which is also designed and set up for collecting and conducting electrical charges. A collector layer can

For example, but not only, a conductor foil, in particular metal foil, or one with a conductor material, in particular metal, carbon or

the like, be coated plastic film. For the purposes of the invention, an electrochemically active material is understood as meaning materials which also participate in an electrochemical reaction in the active part.

An electric power cell according to the invention also has, for example, an enclosure and pole contact areas. Under an enclosure is in the sense The invention also means a gas-tight, vapor-tight and liquid-tight casing which receives at least the active part (the electrode arrangement or the galvanic element) and surrounds it on all sides. The enclosure can be a possibly multilayer film, a possibly multi-part frame or an optionally

have multi-part housing. Under Polkontaktbereichen be understood within the meaning of the invention accessible from outside the enclosure areas, which allow an exchange of electrical energy with the active part. Pole contact areas may be, for example, but not limited to, so-called drainers that communicate with the active part inside the enclosure and are routed out of the enclosure through a wall, seam, or gap in the enclosure, or may be electrically conductive Parts or sections of the enclosure itself be formed.

According to further aspects of the invention, a method for

Producing an exothermic component, in particular as described above, proposed. The method comprises the steps of providing a

carrier; and applying a reactive multilayer on the support in

discontinuous, in particular grid-shaped areas. Alternatively, the method comprises the steps of: providing a carrier; Applying a reactive multilayer to the support; and forming trenches in the reactive multilayer to form the reactive multilayer in discontinuous,

in particular to leave grid-defined areas.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for driving an electric power cell or a cell arrangement, in particular as described above, is proposed. The method comprises the steps of: judging whether there is a defect in an electrode structure of the electric power cell; Determining a location of the flaw expressed in two-dimensional coordinates; and activating at least one switching element to one

To direct ignition pulse to one or more regions of the reactive multilayer which corresponds to the coordinates of the location of the defect or correspond. Particularly preferably, the judging step comprises the step of processing output signals from sensor elements.

The foregoing and other features, objects, and advantages of

The present invention will become more apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an RMS arrangement

 Embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the RMS arrangement of FIG. 1 in FIG

 Area of a detail II; a spatial view of an RMS arrangement according to another embodiment of the invention; a cross-sectional view of the RMS arrangement of Figure 3 in a representation corresponding to Fig. 2. a cross-sectional view of an RMS arrangement according to another embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to Fig. 2; an enlarged view of a detail VI in Figure 5 in an activation state. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a RMS arrangement according to one

another embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to FIG. 2; are Fign. 8A to 8D are cross-sectional views of a layer structure in FIG

 various stages of a manufacturing process for

 Producing an RMS arrangement after another

 Embodiment of the invention; are Fign. 9A to 9E are cross-sectional views at various stages of a

 Manufacturing method according to another embodiment of the invention; Fig. 10 is a perspective view of an electrode assembly according to

 a further embodiment of the invention; FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a surface of a sensor assembly in the cell of FIG. 10 taken along a dot-dash line. FIG

Line "XI" in Figure 10 indicated plane in the direction of an associated arrow. Fig. 12 is a plan view of a terminal side of the electrode assembly of Fig. 10 looking in the direction of an arrow "XII" in Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a plan view, cut along a plane indicated by a dot-dash line "XIII" in Fig. 10, of a surface of a sensor assembly in the cell of Fig. 10, looking in the direction of an associated arrow; and Fig. 14 is a schematic illustration of a battery pack having a plurality

 Flat cells and a battery management system according to another embodiment of the invention.

It should be noted that the illustrations in the figures are schematic and are based on the reproduction of the understanding of the invention restrict useful features. It should also be pointed out that the dimensions and proportions given in the figures are given in FIG

Are essentially due to the clarity of the presentation and are in no way limiting, unless the description would be otherwise.

An embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the

Presentation in Fign. 1 and 2 described. 1 is a perspective view of an RMS assembly 10 and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view

Cross-sectional view of a detail II of the RMS arrangement 10 of FIG. 1. An RMS arrangement in this application is to be understood as an arrangement with a reactive multilayer (RMS).

As shown in FIG. 1, the RMS assembly 10 includes a carrier sheet 20 and a reactive multi-layer (RMS) 30. From one corner of the carrier foil 20, which is selected as the zero point without restricting generality, two location coordinate directions x, y are defined.

The carrier film 20 is made in this embodiment - without limiting the generality - made of a polyimide material.

The reactive multilayer 30 is disposed on the carrier film 20 in stripes (RMS stripes) 32 extending along the y-coordinate direction. Trenches 33 are formed between the strips 32 and also extend along the y-coordinate direction. Each strip 32 is z. B. by the x-coordinate of its center line clearly identifiable.

As shown more clearly in FIG. 2, the reactive multilayer 30 has a

Plurality of first single layers 34 and second single layers 35. The individual layers 34, 35 are in this embodiment - without

Restriction of generality - made of nickel and aluminum alternately. It should be understood that the number of six selected in the figure Single layers, in particular three first individual layers 34 of nickel and three second individual layers 35 of aluminum, only the drawing

Representability is owed. In the actual layer construction, the reactive multilayer 30 has several hundred to several thousand individual layers of the order of 10-100 nm in thickness.

The reactive multilayer 30 thus consists of two different materials, in the chemical compound energy is released (exothermic

Reaction). In the reactive multilayer 30 or in each strip 32, a defined amount of chemical energy is thus stored, which is local

Heat source can be used. After ignition by an external

Energy source, such. As an electrical spark or a laser pulse atomic interdiffusion of the multilayer materials is stimulated to release energy. It comes to the training of a progressive one

Reaction front, from which a large amount of heat is released in a spatially limited area in a very short time.

The width of an RMS strip 32 is in the range of a few centimeters without limiting the general public. Depending on the application, the RMS strips 32 may also be wider, about a few decimeters, or less, about a few millimeters or even finer, for example in the submillimeter range. The width of the trenches 33 corresponds to the distance between two strips 32 of the

Reactive multi-layer 30. This distance is such that when a strip is ignited 32 adjacent strips 32 do not fire. Thus, the exothermic reaction of the reactive multilayer remains limited to the ignited strip 32.

The strips 32 are formed with regular widths and distances. They thus form a one-dimensional grid, with each strip 32 being uniquely identifiable, for example, by the spatial coordinate x of its centroid. Another embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the illustration in FIGS. 3 and 4 described. 3 is a perspective view of an RMS assembly 10 and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view

Cross-sectional view of a detail IV of the RMS arrangement of FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the RMS arrangement 10 has a carrier foil 20, a reactive multilayer 30 and a functional layer 40. From one corner of the carrier foil 20, which is selected as the zero point without restricting generality, two location coordinate directions x, y are defined.

In contrast to the previous exemplary embodiment, the reactive multilayer 30 is not arranged in strips, but in rectangular, in particular substantially square spots (RMS spots) or points (RMS points) 32 'on the carrier film 20 and are trenches between the spots 32' 33, which extend not only in the y-coordinate direction but additionally in the x-coordinate direction to form a mesh pattern. The edge length of an RMS patch 32 'is in the range of a few centimeters without loss of generality. Depending on the application, the RMS spots 32 'can also be wider, about a few decimeters, or less, about a few millimeters or even finer, about in the submillimeter range.

The patches 32 'are of regular edge lengths and spacings

educated. They thus form a two-dimensional grid, with each spot 32 'being uniquely identifiable by the location coordinates x, y of its centroid. Incidentally, the embodiments for the previous embodiment are mutatis mutandis applicable to the basic structure of the carrier film 20 and the reactive multilayer 30 with their individual layers 34, 35.

As shown more clearly in FIG. 4, the functional layer 40 has a plurality of switching elements 42, which are connected to a respective terminal 44 via a respective conductor arrangement 43. Each patch 32 'of

Reactive multi-layer 30 is associated with a switching element 42. The switching elements 42 are designed and configured to output a firing pulse capable of firing its associated patch 32 'of the reactive multilayer 30. The functional layer 40 is thus formed in a circuit layer or semiconductor layer which has an integrated circuit network (transistor network, etc.) corresponding to the arrangement of the RMS spots 32 '.

A filler material 50 is placed between the patches 32 'and covering them. The filling material 50 serves to electrically separate the spots 32 ', the filling of the space between them, the structural

Stabilization of the RMS arrangement 10 and the protection of the reactive multilayer 30 against external mechanical, electrical and / or thermal influences.

5, a further embodiment is shown as a special embodiment of the previous embodiment in a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 4. In this embodiment, each switching element 42 has a switching network 42a, a switching transistor 42b, and an operational amplifier 42c. The switching network 42a includes a proper auxiliary or

Accompanying circuit and is connectable via terminals 44a, 44b, 44c, for example, with a supply voltage, a drive voltage (signal voltage) and a ground potential. The output of the operational amplifier 42c leads via a stub to a foot 46 in the vicinity of one end of a patch 32 'of the reactive multilayer 30. On the surface of the functional layer 40 facing the reactive multilayer 30, a shielding layer 48 is formed. The functional layer 40 facing away from the end of each patch 32 'of the reactive multi-layer 30 is connected to a ground layer 60 which is connected via a terminal 64 to ground.

It should be understood that the illustration with a switching transistor 42b and an operational amplifier 42c is primarily for illustration of the function. This is to switch an applied voltage and to reinforce so that a voltage pulse applied to the foot 46 is suitable to ignite the associated patch 32 'of the reactive multilayer 30. When Counter pole for a voltage applied to the foot 46 and for deriving a possibly transmitted charge pulse, the functional layer 40 remote from the end of each patch 32 'of the reactive multi-layer 30 is connected to the ground layer 60.

The operation of the arrangement described above will be explained with reference to FIG. 6. Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a detail VI in Fig. 5 in an activation state of a switching element 42 of the functional layer 40. Of the switching element 42 is only the output end of

Operational amplifier 42c shown.

Fig. 6 shows the state in which between the foot 46 and the

Ground layer 60 is provided by the switching element 42

Ignition voltage U, applied. It comes to the formation of an arc A, through which a current I flows. By the current pulse I, the first react

Single layers 34 with the respectively adjacent second individual layers 35, starting at the location of the arc A. A reaction front or reaction zone 36 is formed which is delimited by boundary surfaces 36a, 36b and moves away from the location of the arc at a speed v until the (Not shown in the figure) opposite end of the patch 32 'is reached. Beyond the first interface 36a of the reaction front 36 are the

Single layers 34, 35 of the patch 32 'unaffected, while beyond the second boundary surface 36b of the reaction front 36, the individual layers 34, 35 completely reacted and a mixed material 38 have formed. In the

Reaction zone 36 generates heat, which flows off as heat flow Q. The

Shielding layer 48 shields the functional layer 40 from that in FIG

Reactive multi-layer 30 generated heat to maintain the functionality of the circuitry in the functional layer 40; she is

in particular also formed as a mirror layer, which is a high

Reflectance for heat radiation has. For charge concentration, the foot 46 is tapered towards the RMS layer 30.

FIG. 7 shows an RMS arrangement 10 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to FIG. 2. In this embodiment, the functional layer 40 is disposed between the carrier sheet 20 and the reactive multi-layer 30. Switching networks 42 of the functional layer 40 are connected to a conductor layer 49, which is formed on the side of the carrier film 20. The switching networks 42 each have a laser diode 42d

(Semiconductor laser), which is switched on by the switching network 42. (A switching transistor provided for this purpose is not shown in detail in the figure.)

Each laser diode 42 d is aligned so that it irradiates through a gap in the shielding layer 48 an end face of an RMS patch 32 'of the reactive multilayer 30. The radiation intensity, radiant energy and wavelength of the laser diode 42d are designed to be capable of firing the RMS patch 32 'with a pulse.

In a modification not shown in detail, RMS stripes or RMS spots (commonly referred to as RMS area) are associated with switching elements or parts of the switching elements in a single layer.

For example, a foot or other element for igniting the RMS region may be arranged in the area of the RMS region, that is, surrounded by the RMS region. In another, not shown

Modification switching elements and line structures with the RMS areas are integrated in one layer. For example, raster structures of RMS areas, possibly in segments, may be surrounded by switching elements and line structures. Raster structures of RMS areas with switching elements can be constructed and manufactured analogously to TFT screens (liquid crystal with thin-film transistors) and can be controlled in a corresponding manner. In a further, not shown, the variant serves

Functional layer 40 as a support for the reactive multilayer 30, so that can be dispensed with an additional carrier film 20. Based on in Fig. Fign. 8A to 8B

Hereafter, a method for manufacturing an RMS device as another embodiment of the invention will be described.

In a method step illustrated in FIG. 8A, a carrier foil 20 is provided.

In a plurality of process steps shown in FIG. 8B from right to left, a first reactive material 72, for example, is applied to the surface 22 of the carrier film 20 through a mask 70. As nickel, to form a first single layer 34, then a second reactive material 73, z. As aluminum, to form a second single layer 35, then again a first

Reactive material 72 for forming a further first single layer 34, u. s. w. alternately deposited by a physical vapor deposition process until the desired number of individual layers 34, 35 is reached. The mask 70 shields those areas on the surface 22 of the

 Carrier film 20 from which correspond to the trenches 33 of the reactive multilayer 30.

In a method step illustrated in FIG. 8C, a filling material 74 is deposited on the exposed surfaces of the carrier film 20 and the reactive multi-layer 30. The deposited filling material 74 forms the filling material 50 in the RMS arrangement.

In a process step shown in Fig. 8D, excess

Filler material 50 is removed to obtain a smooth surface 52. Further method steps for forming functional layers, in particular by forming semiconductor layers, conductor layers, etc., are well known in the art and will not be further described here. Thus, an RMS assembly 10 is completed.

As the vapor deposition method, for example, but not limited to, magnetron and ion beam sputter deposition may be used. Based on in Fig. Fign. 9A to 9B

Hereafter, a method for manufacturing an RMS device as another embodiment of the invention will be described.

In a method step illustrated in FIG. 9A, a carrier foil 20 is provided.

In a plurality of method steps jointly described in FIG. 9B, a first reactive material 72 for forming a first individual layer 34 and a second reactive material 73 for forming a second individual layer 35 by a physical one are alternately formed on the surface 22 of the carrier film 20

Gasphasenabscheideverfahren filed until the desired number of individual layers 34, 35 is reached to form a reactive multilayer 30.

In a method step shown in FIG. 9C, a mask 78 is applied to the surface of the reactive multilayer 30. The mask 78 may be formed by method steps not shown or only be launched.

In a method step illustrated in FIG. 9D, the surface of the reactive multi-layer 30 is etched through the mask 78 by means of an etchant 78 in order to form trenches 33. In a process step shown in Fig. 9E, the mask 78 is removed to expose the surface of the reactive multilayer 30 and the surface of the support film 20 forming the bottom of the trenches 33. In further, non-illustrated method steps as shown in FIGS. 8C, 8D of the previous embodiment

Filling material applied and smoothed.

Further method steps for the formation of functional layers such as in particular by forming semiconductor layers, conductor layers u. s. w. are well known in the art and will not be further described here.

Thus, an RMS assembly 10 is completed. In unspecified dargestellen modifications of the manufacturing method described above may first on the carrier film 20 a

Functional layer are formed to form thereon, the reactive multi-layer 30, or the functional layer 40 itself serves as a support for the

Reactive multi-layer 30.

In a method according to an alternative exemplary embodiment, which is not illustrated in detail, a reactive multilayer is initially deposited as a continuous surface on a carrier film and then formed in a mechanical manner, by photolithographic-chemical means or by other trenching processes to separate regions of the reactive multilayer. In a modification, the reactive multilayer is formed self-supporting, then on a carrier film or a

Filed functional layer and with this z. B. connected by gluing or the like; it can also be obtained from another source

Reactive multi-layer can be used. In a method according to another alternative embodiment, which is not illustrated in detail, the reactive multilayer can be considered as individual regions, which may correspond, for example, but not only, to strip 32 in FIG. 1 or spots 32 'in FIG

Loading procedure filed. This can be accomplished by layered, screened deposition (depositing) of the individual layers or by placing and connecting precut individual pieces of a prefabricated reactive multilayer or by optionally repeated halftone printing or the like. The method steps described above are at least partially the

 Semiconductor technology borrowed or comparable. There are both large-scale structures of several centimeters or decimeters edge length as well as small-scale structures in the millimeter or submillimeter range and smallest structures, as they are common in integrated circuit construction, possible. This applies both to RMS areas and to associated circuit elements.

Referring now to Fig. 10, an electrode assembly as another embodiment of the present invention will be described below. 10 is a perspective view of an electrode assembly 100. A location coordinate x extends substantially to the right, one

Location coordinate y vertically upwards in the drawing plane. A

Thickness direction z of the electrode assembly 100 extends substantially into the plane of the drawing. A zero point (0, 0, 0) is defined without restriction of generality in the lower left corner facing the viewer. In the figure, only a part of the electrode assembly 100 is shown, which continues in the direction of the spatial coordinate x on.

The electrode arrangement 100 has a layer arrangement 102 as well as a plurality of negative contacts 104 and a plurality of positive ones

Contacts 106 on. The contacts 104, 106 are shown only schematically. The layer arrangement 102 has a galvanic arrangement 110, which is sandwiched between a reactive arrangement 120 and a sensor arrangement 130. The galvanic arrangement 110 is a galvanic secondary element which, in a discharge reaction, can convert and release chemical energy into electrical energy and in a charging reaction absorb electrical energy and convert it into chemical energy and store it as such. It has a plurality of layers: On a first collector layer 1 1 1 followed by a first electrode layer 1 12, a

Separator layer 1 13, a second electrode layer 1 14, a second

Collector layer 1 15 and an insulating layer 1 16. The first electrode layer 1 12 is in the sense of the conventions with respect to a galvanic element an anode, that is negatively charged, while the second electrode layer 15 1, a cathode, that is positively charged.

The structure of such galvanic arrangements is known per se. Without limiting the generality, the first electrode layer 1 12 (anode) comprises a lithium-intercalatable material, such as graphite, nanocrystalline, amorphous silicon, lithium titanate, tin dioxide or the like. Without limiting the generality, the second electrode layer 115

(Cathode) a lithium compound, for. B. one or more lithium metal oxides, such as by a molecular formula LiCOnNi _m MgiXkAI _1- ( _{n + m +} i _{+ k} ) O2 writable (where X is any metal, where 0 -Ξ (n, m, I, k) <1, and where (n + m + l + k) £ 1), a lithium metal phosphate such as lithium iron phosphate, or a lithium intercalatable material. The

Separator layer 1 13 separates the anode 1 12 from the cathode 1 14 spatially and electrically, that is, in particular for electrons non-conductive, but conductive for lithium ions.

Without limiting the generality, the separator layer 1 13 an organic, especially polymeric, at least partially permeable to material Base material such as PET, preferably in the form of a nonwoven web, and an inorganic, especially ceramic material such as zirconia, preferably in particles whose maximum diameter preferably does not exceed 100 nm. EP 1 017 476 B1 describes such a separator and a method for its production. A separator with the above

is currently available under the name "Separion" from Evonik AG, Germany. The inorganic material may also be another suitable ceramic in preferred modifications

Compound, in particular from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates, at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li. Generally, the separator material may be any lithium ion conducting electrolyte and may comprise one or more microporous plastics, a nonwoven Have fiberglass or polyethylene. The collector layers 1 1 1, 1 15 have, for example, a conductor foil, in particular metal foil, or a plastic foil coated with a conductor material, in particular metal. Without loss of generality, the collector layers include 1 1 1, 1 15 copper, aluminum, zinc, gold, silver or an alloy thereof, a conductive ceramic material, carbon nanotubes or other conductive nanomaterial.

The first collector layer 1 1 1 has a plurality of tab-like, rectangular Ableitfahnen (first or negative Ableitfahnen) 1 1 1 a, which protrude from the top of the galvanic assembly 1 10. Similarly, the second collector layer 1 15 has a plurality of tab-like, rectangular Ableitfahnen (second or positive Ableitfahnen) 115 a, which protrude at the top of the galvanic assembly 110. In the direction of the spatial coordinate x alternate negative and positive Ableitfahnen 1 1 1 a, 1 15a. The negative Ableitfahnen 1 1 1 a are each connected to a negative contact 104, and the positive Ableitfahnen 1 15a are each connected to a positive contact 106. The negative contacts 104 are connected together, and the positive contacts 106 are also connected to each other, which is symbolized in the figure with dotted lines.

Each of the layers 1 1 1 to 1 16 may be an independent film. Alternatively, only some layers may be formed as discrete films, while the other layers are formed on these films. Without limiting the generality, the collector layers 1 1 1, 1 15 and the separator 1 13 are formed as separate films in this embodiment, which can therefore also be referred to as collector foils 1 1 1, 115 and 13 as Separatorfolie, is on the first collector foil 1 1 1, the first electrode layer (anode layer) 1 12 formed and on the second collector foil 12, the second electrode layer (cathode layer) 1 14 is formed.

In each case a positive Ableitfahne 115a and a negative Ableitfahne 1 1 1 a define a segment of the galvanic assembly 1 10, which extends in the direction of the spatial coordinate x over a common width of the two Ableitfahnen 1 1 1 a, 1 15a. In a modification, the segmentation can be realized materially by corresponding gaps in the collector layers 11 1, 115, possibly also in the electrode layers 112, 14.

The reactive assembly 120 corresponds to the RMS assembly 10 of the first embodiment. The figure shows a carrier foil 20, some strips 32 of a reactive multilayer oriented in the direction of the location coordinate y, with intervening trenches 33 and a filling material 50. A functional layer and corresponding connection contacts are not shown in detail in the figure; the functional layer is formed in or on the carrier film 20 without restricting generality.

The sensor arrangement 30 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 1. According to the

Representation in FIG. 11, which is a top view of the sensor arrangement 130, a plurality of area sensors 134 are arranged on a carrier foil 132. The surface sensors 134 cover at least approximately the area of a segment of the galvanic arrangement 1 10 (FIG. 10). The surface sensors 134 are temperature sensors which can sense the temperature in their surroundings and output signals corresponding to the sensing result via connections 134a, 134b. A trained for this purpose conductor layer is not shown in detail in the figure. Without limiting the generality, this conductor layer is formed in or on the carrier layer 132.

The rightmost outermost surface sensor 134 is shown partially broken away in FIG. Several photodiodes 134c are arranged as a matrix or array. The photodiodes 134c are for long-wavelength light, in particular in

 Infrared area, especially sensitive. The area sensor thus has the structure of a CCD array (matrix of a charge-coupled device). Thus, the area sensor 134 can be called an infrared CCD sensor. The construction and driving of CCD sensors is well known in the art, such as in "Digital Camera Fundamentals", ANDOR Technology,

www.andor.com, or in the entries "Charge-coupled device" or "CCD sensor" in the Internet Encyclopedia Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.com)

described. The area sensors 134 may include part of their drive logic; also in the conductor layer, parts of the control logic for the

Surface sensors 134 may be included.

Via the surface sensors 134, it is possible to detect the temperature state of the galvanic arrangement 1 10 in segments. From the

 Temperature state of the galvanic arrangement 1 10, in particular from the temperature profile in spatial (direction of the spatial coordinate x) and temporal dimension can be drawn conclusions about the state of the galvanic assembly 1 10.

In a modification, not shown, a resistance sensor is provided as a temperature sensor instead of a CCD sensor. In another not shown modifications, instead of a surface sensor a selectively sensing temperature sensor is provided, the z. In the

Centroid of a segment is arranged. Fig. 12 shows a schematic plan view of the top of the

 Electrode arrangement 100 with lines, connections and a control unit 150. Limits of the segments of the electrode arrangement 100 are as

dash-dotted segment boundary lines "B" symbolizes. As shown in Fig. 12, the terminals 134a, 134b of

Surface sensors 134 with a conductor assembly 136, which in a

Sensor port 136a ends, connected. The conductor arrangement 136 is part of a bus system or can be integrated in a bus system. In a modification, the terminals 134a, 134b of the area sensors are not connected to one another via a bus system or to each other, but the conductor arrangement 136 has a plurality of wires, which are each assigned to a terminal 134a, 134b.

The negative terminals 104 of the negative Ableitfahnen 1 1 1 a are connected to each other via an anode connection line 1 18, which ends in an anode terminal 1 18a. Similarly, the positive terminals 106 of the positive Ableitfahnen 1 15 a via a cathode connection line 1 19, which ends in a cathode terminal 1 19 a, connected to each other. The terminals 44a, 44b, 44c of the strips 32 of the reactive multilayer

(Reactive assembly 120) are connected to a conductor assembly 122 terminating in an RMS terminal 122a. The conductor arrangement 122 is part of a bus system or can be integrated in a bus system. In a modification, the terminals 44a, 44b, 44c of the area sensors are not connected to one another via a bus system, but instead the conductor arrangement 122 has a plurality of wires, which are each assigned to a terminal 44a, 44b, 44c. The connections 118a, 119a, 122a, 136a can be connected via a cable harness 140 to connections 150a of an electronic control unit (CTR) 150. The control unit 150 is designed to evaluate the outputs of the area sensors 134, to determine therefrom a temperature profile of the electrode arrangement 100, the temperature profile, for example, with normal values,

Compare thresholds and alarm criteria, and from this one

To gain state prognosis. The evaluation is done segment by segment and can also include temporal courses. If the condition prognosis indicates that a predetermined ignition condition is met, the

Control unit 150, a signal to those RMS strip 32 of

Reactive assembly 120 associated with the defective segment whereupon the associated switching element 44 (Figures 4, 5 or 7) generates a firing pulse which ignites the RMS strip 32. It is understood that the predetermined ignition condition is to be determined depending on the application and the control strategy. An ignition condition can z. B., but not only, that a segment of the galvanic assembly is defective in such a way that the entire galvanic arrangement thereof can be affected by the exothermic reaction of the RMS strip 32, the defective segment is destroyed. The thermal energy generated by the reaction of the RMS strip 32 is designed so that either the flow of current into or out of the segment is interrupted or the conversion of chemical into electrical or electrical energy into chemical energy is disabled or the energy storage capacity of the segment except Force is set without creating a short circuit between the collector layers of the segment.

In particular, but not only, the thermal energy of the reaction of the RMS strip 32 is designed so that in the corresponding segment - the ion conductivity of the separator 1 13 lost (under

Retention of their electrical non-conductive property), for example by or fusing, and thus adding pores of a

 microporous material, or

- LonenInterkalationsfähigkeit or the ion-storage capacity or the ion-binding power of the anode layer and / or the cathode layer is lost, or

- The closer to the RMS strip 32 collector layer evaporated or closed

 a non-conductor reacts (if necessary with one for this purpose

 to be provided reactant in one of the collector layer

 adjacent layer), or

- The entire structure of the galvanic assembly 1 10 is vaporized or melted, so that the damaged area almost from the

 Layer structure is melted out. the effect achieved is limited to the affected segment.

It is understood that the layer structure of a reactive assembly 120 in the electrode assembly 100 may be any of those shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, described above, embodiments can correspond with their modifications. In particular, the application of the invention is not limited to segment width RMS strips. The reactive assembly 120 may comprise a plurality of strips per segment, it may have a possibly very finely screened, two-dimensional matrix arrangement of RMS areas. Thus, even small areas of the galvanic arrangement 1 10 can be selectively destroyed, while surrounding areas remain functional.

Fig. 13 is a partially cutaway plan view of a modified electrode assembly 100 as another embodiment of the present invention. The electrode assembly 100 is a modification of the previous embodiment; it will be the same reference numerals for the same or used corresponding components. The cutting plane is a horizontal, ie plane parallel to a plane xz, which is above the Galvanic

Arrangement 110 by Ableitfahnen 111a, 115a passes. (The

Ableitfahnen 111a, 115a, although from extensions of the

Collector films 111, 115 formed here not conceptually part of the galvanic device 110 itself treated because they do not participate in the reaction of the galvanic assembly 110.)

The structure of the electrode assembly 100 substantially corresponds to that in the previous embodiment. That is, a Galvanic

Arrangement 110 is between a reactive assembly 120 and a

Sensor arrangement 130 is arranged. The reactive assembly 120 is an RMS arrangement as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with a

Carrier layer 20, which contains a functional layer 40 here, and a

Reactive multilayer (RMS), which is formed in the form of separate strips 32 on the carrier layer 20. The sensor arrangement 130 has a carrier layer 132 and a plurality of area sensors 132, which lie approximately opposite the RMS strip 32 of the reactive arrangement 130 and cover approximately the same area area. The surface area covered by the RMS strips 32 and the area sensors 132 marks the segments of the electrode array, so that segment boundaries B are respectively defined between these areas.

In the order given, the galvanic arrangement 110 has a first collector layer 111 with first discharge lugs 111 a, a first one

 Electrode layer 112, a separator 113, a second electrode layer 114 and a second collector layer 115 with second Ableitfahnen 115 a. As in the previous embodiment, the first electrode layer 112 may be an anode layer and the second electrode layer 114 may be an anode layer

Cathode layer can be described; For function and material selection, what is said there applies accordingly. A final insulation layer is not shown in this embodiment and may also be omitted. The Surface sensors 132 of the sensor arrangement 130 may be provided with a

Insulator material to be coated.

The separator layer 1 13 is formed continuously in the direction of the location coordinates x. The collector layers 1 1 1, 1 15 and the electrode layers 1 12, 1 4, however, are formed discontinuous such that either the electrode layers 1 12, 1 14 in the region of a

Segment boundary B are interrupted and the first collector layer 1 1 1 and the second collector layer 1 15 alternately in the field of

Segment limitation are interrupted. The gaps in the discontinuous areas may be filled with separator material or electrolyte material.

The material gaps in the region of the segment boundaries B facilitate a folding or winding of the electrode arrangement 100 of this exemplary embodiment. In the finished folding or the finished winding are all the first Ableitfahnen 1 1 1a at one corner and all the second Ableitfahnen 1 15a in alignment with the thickness z. The connection of Ableitfahnen 1 1 1 a, 1 15a, symbolized in the previous embodiments by connections 104, 106 and lines 1 18, 1 19, by simply pressing together, clamps, brackets, soldering, riveting or the like of the aligned Ableitfahnen 1 1 1 a, 1 15a take place. If, in the region of the segment boundaries B, at which the electrode structure is to be bent in each case by 180 °, in the respective outer

Layers run lines, excessive stretching of the lines can be avoided by suitable shaping, such as by oblique or meandering training.

An unspecified production method for a

Electrode assembly 100 as described above includes one of the features shown in FIGS. 8A et seq. And 9A et seq., For an exothermic element forming a reactive assembly 120 of the electrode assembly 100, or a modification thereof. Further method steps for the production of other parts of the electrode assembly 100, in particular the galvanic Arrangement 10 or the sensor arrangement 130 are generally known and will not be explained in detail here. In this case, the galvanic arrangement 110 can serve as a carrier layer or carrier foil for the reactive arrangement. 14 is a schematic view of a battery pack 200 including a battery management system 250 as another embodiment of the present invention.

The battery block 200 has a plurality of flat cells 210, each of which has a positive cell pole terminal 212, a negative cell pole terminal 214, and a cell signal terminal 216 on its upper side. The flat cells 210 are arranged with alternating pole position (+, -) in the battery block 200 and via cell connectors 218, each one positive

Cell terminal 212 of a flat cell 210 with a negative

Connect cell terminal 214 of an adjacent flat cell 210, connected in series.

The flat cells 210, although not shown in detail in the figure, have an active part and a cell housing. The active part of the flat cells 210 each has an electrode arrangement which, as described above in connection with FIGS. 10 ff., And in particular a galvanic arrangement in a wound, folded or stacked foil construction, a screened reactive arrangement (exothermic component) and a

Sensor arrangement (infrared CCD sensor) has. The positive Ableitfahnen the electrode assembly are connected to the positive cell terminal 212 of the flat cell 210, and the negative Ableitfahnen the

Electrode arrangements are connected to the negative cell terminal 214 of the flat cell 210. Furthermore, a conductor arrangement for controlling switching elements of the reactive arrangement and a conductor arrangement for controlling the sensor arrangement with a non-illustrated

Cell logic connected via means for identifying the flat cell 210, for buffering and transmission of signal data, for generating a Zündbefehlssignals and for transmitting the Zündbefehlssignals to a

Switching element of the reactive device has. The cell logic having an integrated circuit is connected to the cell signal terminal 216 and to the

Cell pole terminals 212, 214 connected.

The flat cells 210 are held by a block frame, of which only a lower part 220 is shown in the figure. The block frame lower part 220 also has a coolant distribution for tempering the flat cells 210. A coolant supply port 222 and a coolant return port 224 of the coolant distribution are connected to a coolant pump 226.

At the right in the figure right outermost flat cell 210, a block control unit (CTR) 230 is arranged. The block control unit 230 has means for identifying the battery block 200, for buffering and transmitting signal data, for balancing between the flat cells 210, for controlling the cooling circuit and for generating a

Supply voltage for the cells logics. The cell logic includes an integrated circuit, an internal signal port 232, an external signal port 234, and a pump signal port 236. The internal signal port 232 is connected via a block bus 238 to the

 Cell signal terminals 216 of the flat cells 210 connected. Of the

Pump signal port 236 is connected to coolant pump 226 via a pump signal line 228. A dot-dash line 240 in the figure symbolizes a system boundary of the battery block 200. At the system boundary 240 are a positive

Block pole terminal 242, a negative block pole terminal 244 and a

Block signal connection 246 arranged. The positive block pole terminal 242 is connected to the positive cell pole terminal 212 of the rightmost outmost flat cell 210, the negative block pole terminal 244 is connected to the negative

Cell terminal 214 of the left most flat cell 210 connected, and the block signal terminal 246 is connected to the signal terminal 234 of Block controller 230 connected. All block ports 232, 234, 236 may be, for example, but not limited to, multipolar

Block system connector be embodied. The battery block 200 is connected to a battery management system (BMS) 250. The battery management system 250 includes a plurality of positive inputs 252, a plurality of negative inputs 254 and a plurality of signal inputs / outputs 256; In each case a positive input 252, a negative input 254 and a signal input / output 256 can be combined to form a multi-pole system connection. Furthermore, the

 Battery management system 250 a total negative output 261, which is grounded, a first positive output 263, the first

Voltage potential Ui provides, a second positive output 265, which provides a second voltage potential U ₂ , and a signal output 267 on.

The positive block pole terminal 242 of the battery block 200 is connected to a positive input 252 of the battery management system 250, the negative block terminal 244 of the battery block 200 is connected to a negative input 254 of the battery management system 250, and the block signal terminal 246 of the battery block 200 is connected to a signal input / output 256 of the battery management system 250 connected.

The battery management system 250 is as electronic computer or

Control unit constructed. It has facilities for the conversion of

Voltages, for buffering, storing and transmitting signal data, for evaluating signal data, for generating display signals and for generating command signals. A method for monitoring the battery block 210 is distributed across the levels of the battery management system 250, the block controller 230, and the individual cell logic (not shown). In the context of this application is only on the processing of sensor data from sensor arrays in the flat cells 210 and for driving reactive devices in the

To enter flat cells 210. Methods for battery management in general, including aging management, cell balancing, temperature control, etc., which may also be distributed over the mentioned levels, are not

Subject of this application and are not explained here.

Output signals of the CCD sensors of the flat cells 210 are in the

Cell logic buffered and transmitted via the block bus 238 to the block control unit 230 and retrieved from this. The output signals of the CCD sensors are stored as a data record with a cell identifier of the individual

Flat cell 210, a time stamp, and for each individual CCD sensor of the sensor array of a sensor identifier, followed by location coordinates and a voltage value for each existing in the sensor photodiode. The

If necessary, voltage values can be normalized before transmission and / or averaged over a coarser grid. The voltage values can also be integrated or summed over a predetermined period of time and then normalized. It can also be for each sensor of the sensor arrangement only an average of the

Output signals are formed, buffered and transmitted. if the

Sensor arrangement of a flat cell has only a single sensor, the sensor identifier can be omitted. Instead of location coordinates, a counter for each photodiode can be used, which can later be converted into Ortskoodinaten. The outputs of the CCD sensors are buffered in the block controller 230 and transmitted to and retrieved from the battery management system 250. A data block transmitted to the battery management system 250 has the buffered output signals of the CCD sensors of all the flat cells 210 of the battery block 200 with a predetermined time stamp and a block identifier of the battery block 200. Also at this level, the sensor signals can be averaged and / or temporally integrated or summed and / or normalized before transmission. The evaluation of the output signals of the CCD sensors takes place in the

Battery management system 250. There, the output signals are stored for a predetermined period of time, possibly over the life of each flat cell 210, related to load or charge cycles, compared to setpoints, etc. The output signals of the CCD sensors indicate that a particular area of an electrode assembly of a flat cell 210 is faulty, the battery management 250 judges, based on predetermined scenarios, whether the fault is permanent and whether the fault is critical. For example, but not only, the presence of an error may be due to the temporal temperature history and the

Temperature distribution in the two-dimensional matrix of the sensor array are judged; In addition, further criteria such as a load state, a cell voltage and the like can be used. In particular, but not only, the error can be considered critical if the

Output signals from the CCD sensors indicate that it extends to adjacent areas of the electrode structure. The criticality of the error can be divided into levels: a high criticality can be characterized, for example, but not only, by the fact that the error propagates rapidly or that the nature of the error causes a timely "runaway" or short circuit of the cell. The durability of a fault may be assessed, for example, but not limited to, by selectively driving the flat cell 210, by driving recovery cycles with reduced load or the like; if necessary, the battery management 250 may determine that the area has recovered.

If the battery management system 250 determines that a fault is critical and persistent, or that an error is not permanent but highly critical, then the battery management system 250 sends a command signal to

Block controller 230, one or more areas of one or more segments of the electrode assembly of the affected flat cell 210 to destroy. The block controller 230 decides on the basis of the Battery Management System 250 received command signal, which areas (stripes or pixels) are to ignite which segment of the associated reactive device, and sends a command set, the cell identifier of the affected flat cell 210, the segment identifier (s) of the affected segment (s) and the location coordinates (x, y) contains the regions of the reactive device to be ignited, via the block bus 238. The areas of the reactive device to be ignited may, in addition to the fault location itself, also include a certain safety distance around the fault location. The

Cell logic of the affected flat cell 210 recognizes that it is affected by the cell identifier and generates switching signals for the switching elements of the affected regions of the reactive assembly with the corresponding ones

Location coordinates x, y. The switching elements controlled by a switching signal each generate an ignition pulse to the associated area of

Ignite reactive assembly.

The fired areas of the reactive assembly are exothermic and destroy the associated areas of the electrode assembly without attacking adjacent areas. The unaffected areas of the electrode assembly remain intact and can continue to perform their function. The affected flat cell 210 remains, depending on the extent of the error and depending on the coarseness or fineness of

Rasters of the reactive multilayer in the reactive assembly, with more or less reduced capacity in operation. The life of the flat cell 210 can be significantly increased. Although the present invention above with reference to specific embodiments and some modifications in their essential

Has been described, it is understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but in the scope and range defined by the claims can be modified and expanded, for example, but not exclusively, as indicated below. On switching and / or sensor elements can be omitted if the

Reactive multi-layer is designed so that the RMS areas react automatically in the presence of a predetermined ignition condition. As ignition condition is z. B., but not only, the presence of a predetermined temperature or a predetermined potential on a collector foil.

The carrier film 20 is made of the embodiments of a polyimide material. In modifications of the invention, other suitable materials may also be used as the carrier film. The invention is not limited to the use of a dedicated carrier film. Rather, a screened reactive multilayer can be applied as an exothermic component directly onto a component; the component is then a carrier in the context of the invention.

As an example of a material combination of a reactive multilayer nickel and aluminum were used in the embodiments. Another known material combination for an exothermic reactive multilayer, which is also suitable for a nano-scale application, comprises titanium and aluminum. The

Invention is not limited to these special material pairings. The invention is not limited in its applicability to lithium-ion secondary cells. Rather, the invention can be applied to any other electric power cell, for example, but not limited to, as already mentioned in the introduction to this specification. The invention is not limited to electrode arrangements with discharge lugs arranged on one side, as shown in the figures. Rather, the invention can be applied, for example, but not only, to electrode arrangements in which the Ableitfahnen a first kind (eg positive Ableitfahnen) protrude from one side and Ableitfahnen the other kind (eg., Negative Ableitfahnen) from the opposite side protrude. Such electrode arrangements can be designed such that the discharge lugs are formed as continuous edges, since then, when the Electrode assembly is wound or folded, always only Ableitfahnen a kind are present on one side. A notch, to tab-like

Forming Ableitfahnen, then is not required. The invention is not limited to wound or folded electrode assemblies. Rather, the invention may be applied to, for example, but not limited to, stacked electrode arrangements. For example, but not limited to, an electrode assembly as shown in FIGS. 10 ff. Are cut at the segment boundaries, so that cut sheets of the same width are formed, of which each sheet is a

 Electrode assembly in the context of the invention, and these sheets can then be stacked, housed and assembled. In other variations, a leaf may have multiple segments. The battery management system 250 may only provide a voltage potential or may provide more than two different voltage potentials. The distribution of control levels between battery management system 250, block controller (s) 230, and cell logic may vary from the illustrated hierarchy, both toward greater centralization and toward greater decentralization.

As an alternative to a reactive multilayer, the direct burn-through of the galvanic arrangement by laser diodes, which are arranged in the functional layer (circuit layer), is also conceivable.

Finally, the invention is not that in the preceding

Embodiments and modifications explained and limited in the figures feature combinations. All features of all

Embodiment and modifications can be combined with each other, unless otherwise stated in the above description. In summary, an exothermic device has a reactive multilayer which is arranged in a grid pattern on a carrier. The exothermic

Component may be incorporated in an electrode assembly of a galvanic cell having electrode layers, a separator layer and current collecting layers. In addition, a matrix-like sensor arrangement can be provided in the electrode structure. Based on output signals of

Sensor arrangement fault points can be detected in the electrode assembly. By firing selected areas of the RMS grid that react exothermically, the fault locations can be intentionally destroyed. The invention thus provides an effective hot-spot fuse for galvanic cells.

The RMS assembly 10 and the reactive assembly 120 are exothermic

Components in the context of the invention. The carrier layer 20 is a carrier in the sense of the invention. Also a functional layer or the Galvanic

Arrangement 110 may be a carrier according to the invention. The strips 32 and the spots 32 'are areas in the sense of the invention and form a discontinuous, grid-shaped arrangement (one-dimensional or

two-dimensional grid) of a reactive multilayer in the context of the invention. Switching elements 42 with their individual parts 42a, 42d are switching elements in the context of the invention.

The electrode arrangement 100 is an electrode construction in the sense of the invention. Collector layers 111, 115 are current collection layers in the sense of

Invention. The sensor arrangement 130 is a second functional layer in the sense of the invention. Photodiodes 134c are sensor elements in the sense of the invention.

The flat cells 210 are electric energy cells in the sense of the invention. The battery block 200 is a cell arrangement in the sense of the invention. The

Battery management system 250 may include a drive logic and a

Be evaluation logic within the meaning of the invention. Likewise, that can

Block controller 230 or may be a cell logic (not shown) a Control logic and evaluation logic in the context of the invention Block control device 230 is a control logic in the context of the invention.

List of reference numbers:

10 RMS arrangement

 20 carrier film

 30 reactive multilayer

 32 strips

 32 'spots

 33 trenches

 34 first single layer

 35 second single layer

 36 reaction zone or reaction front

36a, 36b interfaces

 38 mixed material

 40 functional layer

 42 switching element

 42a switching network

 42b switching transistor

 42c operational amplifier

 42d laser diode

 43 line

 44 connection

 44a, 44b, 44c connections

 46 feet

 48 shielding layer

 49 conductor layer

 50 filling material

 52 surface

 60 grounding layer

 64 connection

 70 mask

 72 first reactive material

 73 second reactive material

74 filling material 76 Mask

 78 etchants

 100 electrode arrangement

 102 layer arrangement

 104 Negative contact

 106 Positive contact

 1 10 Galvanic arrangement

 111 First (negative) collector layer (current collector layer)

1 1 1 a First (negative) discharge lance

 1 12 First (negative) electrode layer

 1 13 Separator layer

 1 14 second (positive) electrode layer

 115 second (positive) collector layer (current collector layer)

115a Second (positive) lead sign

 1 16 electrolyte layer

 118 anode connection line

 1 18a anode connection

 1 19 cathode connection line

 1 19a cathode connection

 120 Reactive arrangement

 122 conductor arrangement

 122a RMS port

 130 sensor arrangement

 132 carrier film

 134 area sensor

 134a, 134b connections

 134c (IR) photodiode

 136 conductor arrangement

 136 sensor connection

 140 harness

 150 electronic control unit

 150a connections

200 battery block 210 flat cell

 212, 214 cell pole connections

 216 cell signal connection

218 cell connectors

220 block frame

 222 coolant flow

 224 Coolant return

 226 Coolant pump

 228 pump signal line

230 block control unit

 232 internal signal connection

234 external signal connection

236 pump signal connection

238 block bus

240 system limit

 242 positive block pole connection

244 negative block pole connection

246 signal connection

 250 control unit

252 positive input

 254 negative input

 256 signal input / output

A arc

B Segment limitation

I current (pulse current)

 L laser pulse

Q heat (current)

Ui ignition voltage

Ui, U ₂ voltage potentials

S signal v propagation speed x, y location coordinates

z thickness direction

It is expressly understood that the above list of reference numerals is an integral part of the description.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

Exothermic component with a reactive multilayer, characterized in that the reactive multilayer is arranged in a grid pattern on a support.

Exothermic component according to claim 1, further characterized by a functional layer for driving the reactive multilayer, wherein the functional layer preferably has a matrix-like arrangement of switching elements, in particular thin-film transistors, wherein the matrix-like arrangement of switching elements correlates with the grid-shaped arrangement of the reactive multilayer.

An electrode assembly comprising a sequence of a first electrode layer, a separator layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is in communication with a first current collecting layer and wherein the second electrode layer is connected to a second

Current collector layer is in communication, wherein the separator layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is arranged, characterized in that the electrode assembly comprises an exothermic device according to any one of the preceding claims.

Electrode structure according to claim 3, further characterized by a second functional layer with a matrix-like arrangement of

Sensor elements, wherein the sensor elements are designed,

Operating parameters of the electrode structure such as to sense a temperature.

5. Electrode structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the second functional layer is integrated into a functional layer of the exothermic component. 6. Electrode structure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the matrix-shaped arrangement of the sensor elements with the matrix-shaped arrangement of the switching elements or the grid-shaped arrangement of the reactive ultlite correlated. 7. electric power cell, in particular galvanic cell, preferably

 Secondary cell, characterized by an electrode assembly according to one of claims 4 to 6.

8. Electric power cell according to claim 7, further characterized by a control logic for controlling the switching elements.

9. Electric power cell according to claim 7 or 8, further characterized by an evaluation logic for the evaluation of the sensor outputs. 10. Cell arrangement with a plurality of electric energy cells according to one of claims 7 to 9, in particular with a control logic, with the evaluation logic and / or control logic of the

 Electric energy cells of the cell assembly is in communication. 11. Cell arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the evaluation logics and / or the control logic of the

 Electric power cells at least partially in the control logic of

Cell arrangement are realized. 12. A method for producing an exothermic component, in particular according to claim 1, with the steps: - providing a carrier; and

- Applying a reactive multi-layer on the carrier in grid-shaped

 defined areas.

13. A method for producing an exothermic component, in particular according to claim 1, with the steps:

- providing a carrier;

- Applying a reactive multilayer on the support; and.

Forming trenches in the reactive multilayer to the

 Leave reactive multi-layer in grid-shaped areas.

14. A method for driving an electric power cell according to any one of claims 7 to 10 or a cell assembly according to claim 10 or 1 1, comprising the steps of: - judging whether a defect in an electrode assembly of a

 Electric power cell is present;

- Determining a location of the defect, expressed preferably in

 two-dimensional coordinates; and

Activating at least one switching element to direct an ignition pulse to one or more regions of the reactive multilayer which correspond to or correspond to the coordinates of the location of the defect.

A method of driving an electric power cell according to claim 14, characterized in that the judging step comprises the step of: - processing output signals from sensor elements.