EP2665214B1 - Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Kommunikationsbenutzergerät beeinflussenden Störsenders, und Benutzergerät - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Kommunikationsbenutzergerät beeinflussenden Störsenders, und Benutzergerät Download PDF

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EP2665214B1
EP2665214B1 EP12167929.4A EP12167929A EP2665214B1 EP 2665214 B1 EP2665214 B1 EP 2665214B1 EP 12167929 A EP12167929 A EP 12167929A EP 2665214 B1 EP2665214 B1 EP 2665214B1
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Prior art keywords
user equipment
communication
power distribution
frequency range
predetermined frequency
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French (fr)
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EP2665214A1 (de
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Volker Breuer
Henrik Duchstein
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Thales DIS AIS Deutschland GmbH
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Thales DIS AIS Deutschland GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/20—Countermeasures against jamming
    • H04K3/22—Countermeasures against jamming including jamming detection and monitoring
    • H04K3/222—Countermeasures against jamming including jamming detection and monitoring wherein jamming detection includes detecting the absence or impossibility of intelligible communication on at least one channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/16—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for telephony

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method, according to claim 1, of detecting by a communication user equipment a jamming transmitter affecting the communication user equipment.
  • the present invention also relates to a communication user equipment according to claim 15, comprising, among others, means configured to execute said method.
  • Contemporary cellular radio networks known since many years are now meanwhile based on different technologies. The broadest coverage still is held by the global system for mobile communications according to the so called GSM standard.
  • a user equipment in such cellular network can move freely and may be handled over to various cells of the GSM networks as e.g. described in GSM standard specification 3GPP ETSI TS 51.010 or the like.
  • Contemporary radio networks are based on a cellular code division multiple access CDMA as e.g. realized in the universal mobile telecommunication system UMTS. Networks implementing these standards are increasingly important for security applications like camera systems or the like. Also other technologies are known for use in a cellular radio network like TDMA based technologies like WCDMA, HSPA, EV-DO or the like 3G- (UMTS) technologies; CDMA based technologies like IS-technologies or the like 2G, 3G technologies; and LTE or WiMax based technologies and the like 4G-technologies.
  • a user equipment in radio networks can be subject of being affected by a jamming transmitter-jamming in this context generally is performed by an instrument preventing a user equipment from receiving signals from its base station.
  • the jammer effectively disables cellular phones mostly by broad frequency interference with communication frequencies of the user equipment at high power level.
  • some jammer applications are meant to be legal e.g in places where phone calls are to be suppressed due to silence conditions.
  • Other jammers are applied during misuse e.g. to interrupt security applications of user equipment or the like.
  • Jammers are available for jamming GSM- and also UMTS-and LTE- frequencies.
  • jamming detecting and preventing solutions are known up to date basically only against GSM-jammers. In this regard, it should be recognized that primary aim of an anti-jamming solution is to undoubtedly detect a jamming attack; however, it is also desirable to prevent the same.
  • a method for jamming detection in a GSM mobile telecommunications network comprising the steps of, at a user equipment registered with the mobile telecommunications network: a) measuring a signal power level in at least one of a plurality of communication channels between the user equipment and a base station within a band of operation of the mobile telecommunications network; b) checking whether the signal power level in said at least one communication channel is greater than a threshold MNPL and, if so, attempting to decode a Base Station Identity Code BSIC broadcast by the base station in said communication channel; c) repeating steps a) and b) for a certain number of channels; d) signaling a jammed condition report JDR message to the base station if said BSIC cannot be decoded for said number DCMN of channels.
  • This method suffers from the fact that usually a signaling of a jammed condition report JDR message to the base station is not possible due to the jammed condition; thus the jammed condition remains unanswered.
  • An anti-jamming solution is known from WO 2007/019814 which however also is restricted to the GSM standard.
  • a method for detecting a jamming transmitter affecting a communication terminal is described wherein receipt radio channel signal levels are evaluated at periodic intervals on a signalling channel.
  • the communication terminal detects a radio channel signal level that exceeds a predefined threshold value in the signalling channel but is nevertheless unable to decode a message content of a message, then this state is interpreted as an interference state and an alarm signal is emitted.
  • the problem related with this GSM anti-jamming solution is its fundament on a predefined threshold value in the signalling channel and the receipt of a message content.
  • a communication user equipment UE and a number of base node stations BNS are the basic components of a CDMA based radio network.
  • the radio network RN may work in either a frequency division duplex FDD or also a time division duplex TDD mode.
  • interferences of multiple base node stations and user equipments in the communication frequency channel are spectrally located between an upper frequency and a lower frequency of a communication frequency band. Consequently, a broad band "jamming like" interference in the multiple shared communication frequency channel can not be considered as an extraordinary event but is on the contrary part of the usual state of operation. Such situation may also occur each time the number of users changes in said frequency band. The similar situation may also occur when a user equipment has a comparatively large or a comparatively small distance to a base node station. Also a similar situation may occur when a user equipment is in the reach of two base node stations in particular vice versa when two user equipments belong to the same or neighbouring cells of the CDMA based radio network. In conclusion, an anti-jamming solution to be successfully implemented in a CDMA based radio network technology is more sophisticating.
  • spectral analysis data are used to identify jamming signals having power spectral density characteristics which are distinguishable from those of legitimate subscriber transmissions in the wireless system's frequency band.
  • spectral analysis data is used to detect aberrant receive spectrum characteristics which may indicate a hardware malfunction or failure.
  • the spectral analysis uses a model of a real-input-data FFT and complex-input-data FFT for a CDMA signal bandwidth C of approximately 1.25 MHz and is based on the assumption that a jammer detection threshold will be set relative to a "noise floor", and it can be concluded that the jammer detection threshold will be the same for the two cases of a FFT.
  • the (in-band) power spectral density P will be the same for either technique, with the power spectral density equaling P/C. But because the jammer power divided equally between a I and a Q branch, the jammer power will be 3dB less for the real-input-data FFT than in the case of the complex-input-data FFT.
  • US 2004/005858 it is described a simple jamming detection conducted by a user equipment. It covers the detection of absence of an intelligible signal and determines a jammer if no other cause can be determined. As valid causes are discriminated that the user equipment is handled in an out-of-coverage situation or that the Common Channel is interfered; if none of these valid causes are detected, the user equipment reports the detection of a jamming transmitter.
  • the proposed method is however unable to distinguish between a situation with a jammer and that the user equipment is operated at a location where a radio network, where the user equipment is configured to decode, is not available. In case other networks, which cannot be decoded by the user equipment, are available the proposed method would report a jamming alert by mistake.
  • control means are situated in the cellular network that control the handling of a multitude of terminals operating in the network, and conducting measurements, which are provided to the control means.
  • the control means can with the received measurements, that also can include position information of the terminals, figure out, if any abnormalities can be detected. Further it can trigger more terminals to provide measurements or to increase the density and frequency of measurements by the terminals.
  • terminals preferably home security terminals are used, which provide two communication lines, one is through the wireless cellular network, and the other through fixed landline network. This assures that the measurements really reach the control means of the cellular networks.
  • this disclosure does not help a user equipment detecting a jamming situation itself and consequently executing appropriate measures in response.
  • a predefined threshold value for a signal level of a specific signalizing channel for a user equipment per se cannot be defined. Either the channel and/or the signal level is continuously changing depending on the surroundings of the network. Also, a message content as such can not be received unless a pseudonoise spread code is received by the communication user equipment. Consequently, without pseudonoise spread code neither transmission nor a content of a message is possible unless - the pseudonoise spread code is known to the user equipment.
  • 3GPP TS 25.133 in Chapter 4.2.2.1 a measurement and evaluation of cell selection criteria S of a serving cell is described, wherein the user equipment shall measure the CPICH Ec/lo and CPICH RSCP level of the serving cell and evaluate the cell selection criterion S defined in 3GPP TS 25.304 ("UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell Reselection in Connected Mode"). After a certain period a user equipment is considered to be "out of service area” and shall perform actions according to 3GPP TS 25.331("RRC Protocol Specification").
  • a jamming-detection concept can be advantageously also based on identifying contents of messages or on measuring power levels, primarily it is desirable to have an anti-jamming concept which is less dependent on sophisticated measurement of signal strength or power and thus is more reliable.
  • a jamming-detection concept which is less dependent on sophisticated measurement of signal strength or power and thus is more reliable.
  • CDMA based radio network decoding and despreading procedures have to be taken into account when a comparison of power levels is taken as a basis for a jamming-detection and could be avoided.
  • all the above mentioned approaches suffer from the fact that a jamming situation can only be detected rather than prevented.
  • jamming preventing solutions are highly desirable for UMTS and also LTE standards.
  • the idle mode still preserves certain operations as the user equipment is still registered in the radio network, that is when the user equipment (UE, also referred to as a mobile station MS) is switched on but has no dedicated channel allocated.
  • UE user equipment
  • the mobile station is not able to make or receive a call.
  • certain idle mode tasks are still possible to provide a radio subsystem link control.
  • a jamming detection in the idle mode is rather late and thus limits the chances to prevent a jamming situation.
  • a mobile phone, module or M2M device needs to switch off its receiver/radio frequency (RF) front-end, e.g. if carried by an aircraft.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the invention comes in, the object of which is to provide an improved method of detecting a jamming transmitter by a communication user equipment, affecting a communication user equipment wherein the communication user equipment and a number of base node stations are adapted to be components of a cellular radio network like e.g. frequency division duplex or time division duplex mode or GPRS cellular radio network.
  • a cellular radio network like e.g. frequency division duplex or time division duplex mode or GPRS cellular radio network.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved communication module, in particular user equipment, adapted to execute the method of detecting a jamming transmitter affecting the communication user equipment, in particular to detect the jamming situation already whilst the communication user equipment is in a start up mode.
  • the method and the communication module shall be adapted to detect a jamming warning before a jammed situation is to be accepted; in particular it shall be discriminated between an out of service state of the user equipment and a jamming warning situation.
  • It is still another object of the invention to provide such method and device with a more elaborated anti-jamming concept allowing also detection of a jamming transmitter on a broad frequency range.
  • it is an object of the invention to provide an effective and reliable method and device for detecting a jamming transmitter affecting a communication user equipment and while nevertheless being less dependent on sophisticated measurement of signal strength or power.
  • the object is achieved by the method of the invention as claimed in claim 1.
  • the object is achieved by particular preferred development of the user equipment as claimed in claim 15.
  • a communication user equipment UE is adapted for communication with a component of a cellular radio network RN having a number of user equipments UE and a number of base node stations BNS.
  • the cellular radio network RN provides a synchronization channel SCH for synchronization of the user equipment UE to a cell of the cellular radio network RN, and wherein the detection device is provided in the neighborhood or part of the user equipment.
  • Said communication user equipment UE and a number of base node stations BNS are components of a cellular radio network RN, in particular in a code division multiple access CDMA based radio network (like a frequency division duplex FDD or time division duplex TDD mode) or a GPRS or LTE network.
  • a pseudonoise spread code SC is for spreading a communication signal unit SU and a synchronization of the user equipment UE to a cell of the cellular radio network RN is determined during a cell search from a synchronization channel according to a 3G technology or other synchronization is provided in a GPRS or the like 2G technology.
  • the cellular radio network RN provides a synchronization channel SCH for synchronizing and a dedicated channel DCH for communicating, for a communication radiolink of the user equipment UE to a cell of the cellular radio network RN and the user equipment UE is in a start up mode of a communication radiolink.
  • the start up mode comprises a synchronization mode and the communication radiolink is on a dedicated channel DCH and synchronization cannot be established and/or a dedicated channel DCH cannot be established.
  • the invention starts from the consideration that the user equipment per se and without further measures cannot distinguish between a normal mode frequency disturbance due to interferences originating from the CDMA system as outlined in the introduction on the one hand and a loss of service availability due to external disturbing factors which in the specific situation usually cannot be fixed. Basically this also holds for all technologies in the start of a start up mode of a user equipment when there is no reference for orientation. Basically for detecting a jamming transmitter affecting a communication user equipment and while nevertheless being less dependent on sophisticated measurement or comparison of signal strength or power the invention provides an alternative concept for nevertheless actively and reliably detecting a jamming situation even in a start up mode is suggested.
  • the instant concept of jamming detection and/or warning according to the invention is based on providing the user equipment UE in a start up mode of a communication radiolink with the component of the radio network RN. In the start up mode of said user equipment (UE) it is determined that a connected mode of the communication radiolink cannot be established.
  • the invention starts from the consideration that the problem of jamming detection due to the lack of an undisturbed earlier or other reference signal can be transferred into another problem. Namely the invention recognized that the signal measured during a start up mode (also referred to as idle mode) leading to an unsuccessful connection attempt --although power which is detected should be sufficient for connection--
  • the invention follows in general to combine the measurement on the power distribution in the received band being unable to decode, with location information compared to a stored list on the deployment of the technologies supported. Hence, if energy is detected in a band and the band is designated to GSM in that area e.g., it is likely that the M2M device is interfered, i.e. jammed.
  • the method and developed configurations thereof as outlined above may be implemented by digital circuits of any preferred kind, whereby the advantages associated with the digital circuits may be obtained.
  • one or more method steps or features of the method can be implemented by one or more means for functionally executing the method step.
  • a single processor or other unit may fulfil the functions of several means recited in the claims - this in particular holds for a user equipment according to the concept of the invention.
  • the concept also leads to a computer program product storable on a storage device and adapted for executing the method when executed on a device.
  • the units of Power Spectral Density (PSD) are extensively used in this document.
  • PSD is a function of power versus frequency and when integrated across a given bandwidth, the function represents the mean power in such a bandwidth- this holds generally for GSM and CDMA.
  • the mean power When the mean power is normalized to (divided by) the chip-rate it represents the mean energy per chip, which is specific for CDMA.
  • Some signals are directly defined in terms of energy per chip, (DPCH_Ec, Ec, OCNS_Ec and S-CCPCH_Ec) and others defined in terms of PSD (I o , loc, lor and lor). There also exist quantities that are a ratio of energy per chip to PSD (DPCH_Ec/lor, E c /I or etc.).
  • E.g. DPCH - Ec/lo is the ratio of the transmit energy per PN (pseudonoise) chip of the DPCH (dedicated physical channel) to the total transmit power spectral density at the NodeB antenna connector.
  • Ec/lo is the ratio of the average transmit energy per PN chip for different fields or physical channels to the total transmit power spectral density at the Node B antenna connector.
  • Ec (respectively RSCP)/ Io (respectively RSSI - total receive power) is the received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band.
  • 'Io' includes the power of specified cell as it indicates total receive power. As a result, Ec/lo is deteriorated by increasing 'lo'.
  • Fig. 1 shows in principle a cellular code division multiple access CDMA based radio network RN.
  • the radio network RN allows for several transmitters - here referred to as a user equipment UE - to send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several user equipments UE to share a bandwidth of different frequencies.
  • the CDMA based network can employ a spread spectrum technology and a special coding scheme - e.g. a frequency division duplex FDD or time division duplex TDD mode can allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel.
  • the spread spectrum signalling has a much higher data bandwidth than the data being communicated.
  • the CDMA based radio network RN provides a set of at least one base node station - here e.g.
  • a communication link 1 in a serving cell #1 coverage area CA1 of the sBNS#1 is provided between the communication user equipment #1 and the assigned serving base node station sBNS#1.
  • the base node station BNS#2 and the serving base node station sBNS#1 form an active set of base node stations, which are both in reach of the user equipment UE#1.
  • the sBNS#1 has the strongest communication link 1.
  • the communication link 1 is adapted for transmitting a signal comprising multiple communication signal units SU between the communication user equipment UE#1 and the serving base node station sBNS#1.
  • the communication signal unit SU forms the input of a spreading code operation, wherein the signal unit SU is correlated with a pseudonoise spread code sSC in the serving cell coverage area CA1 of the serving base node station sBNS#1.
  • the output signal of the spreading code operation is a so called pseudonoise chip CHI formed by the spreading encryption manipulating the original signal unit SU by means of the serving spreading code sSC. This can be performed either by an additive or multiplicative or other modified spreading operation as in principle known in the art.
  • the pseudonoise chip CHI is transmitted in a multiple shared communication frequency channel as indicated in the communication link 1 of Fig. 1 and can be transmitted or received by the user equipment UE#1 only when the serving pseudonoise spread code sSC is known by the user equipment UE#1.
  • the spreading code SC i.e. the pseudonoise spread code is known
  • a signal unit can be received or transmitted by the user equipment UE#1.
  • the pseudonoise spread code SC is received by the communication user equipment UE#1 as a serving pseudonoise spread code sSC as shown in Fig. 1 in a so called serving downlink channel sCPICH.
  • the CPICH contains 150 bit in one UMTS radio frame, which are either all zeros or in the case that space time transmit diversity is employed is a pattern of alternating ones and zeros for transmissions on the sBNS second antenna.
  • the first antenna of a base node station always transmits all zeros for a CPICH.
  • the CPICH downlink channel has a constant power and is of a known bit sequence. Its power is usually between 5 % and 15 % of the total BNS transmit power.
  • a common CPICH power is of 10 % of the typical total transmit power of 43 dBm.
  • the CPICH can be used for measurements of signal quality.
  • a user equipment UE searches for a cell and determines the downlink spreading code and frame synchronization of that cell.
  • the cell search is typically carried out in three steps:
  • the UE determines the exact primary spreading code used by the found cell.
  • the primary spreading code is typically identified through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the second step. After the primary spreading code has been identified, the Primary CCPCH can be detected. And the system- and cell specific BCH information can be read. If the user equipment UE has received information about which spreading codes to search for, steps 2 and 3 above can be simplified.
  • the spreading code for a CPICH is known, the channel can be used for measurements of signal quality, usually with RSCP and E c /I 0 as will be shown below. Timing and phase estimations can also be made, providing a reference that helps to improve reliability when decoding other channels from the same Node B.
  • received signal code power RSCP denotes the power measured by a receiver on a particular physical communication channel. It is used as an indication of signal strength, as a handover criterion, in downlink power control, and to calculate path loss.
  • a physical channel corresponds to a particular spreading code, hence the same.
  • RSCP can be defined generally for any CDMA system, it is more specifically used in UMTS.
  • RSCP can be measured in principle on the downlink as well as on the uplink, it is only defined for the downlink and thus presumed to be measured by the UE and reported to the Node B.
  • a jammer affects the user equipment UE#1 by interfering with the multiple shared communication frequency channel as located in a communication frequency band.
  • Frequency bands FB I to XIX are known in the UMTS standard, each having a bandwidth of approximately 60MHz.
  • Each frequency band comprises several communication frequency channels, each having a bandwidth of 5 MHz.
  • a staple power for an out of jamming region user equipment UE#10 is a piled up staple with a rather small amount of CPICH power, a larger amount of signal code power dedicated to the user equipment and a main portion of shared signal power.
  • the latter is used by several user equipments in the same 5 MHz bandwidth of the communication frequency channel. Nevertheless, information can be retrieved for each user equipment according to the pseudonoise spread code provided by the serving base node station and also the further base node station to each of the user equipments.
  • the shared signal power may vary rather often.
  • the serving pseudonoise spread code SSC is available for the user equipment UE#10 even upon variation of the shared signal power
  • user equipment UE#10 can uphold the communication link to the serving base node station sBNS#1.
  • the reason for this is that even upon variation of the shared signal power nevertheless the CPICH power can be detected by the user equipment UE#10.
  • the CPICH power normally is located not more than 24 dB below the upper level of the staple power.
  • the distance between serving base node station sBNS#1 and user equipment UE#10 is diminished like e.g. the distance between sBNS#1 and UE10 the cell selection criteria power parameters Ec/lo ratio --in the standard denoted as CPICH Ec/lo as well as the received signal code power CPICH RSCP will increase-- thus overall the signal quality will increase.
  • the distance between UE#10 and sBNS#1 is enlarged - e.g. by moving to UE#20 - the biased parameter Ec/lo, i.e. ratio CPIHC Ec/lo and the received signal code power CPICH RSCP of the sBNS#1 will decrease but instead of those of the BNS#2 will increase.
  • the soft-handover may occur between sBNS#1 and BNS#2 by moving UE#10 to UE#20. This situation is described e.g. in 3GPP TS25.133.
  • the presence results in a user equipment UE#1 received staple power. Additional to the CPICH power the dedicated signal code and the shared signal power a large pile of jamming power on top of the staple power is detected by UE#1.
  • the CPICH power therefore is not anymore in the spread code gain and consequently cannot be detected anymore.
  • This situation is to be distinguished from the out of range situation as described in TS25.133 chapter 4.2.2.1. Namely, in the presently described situation of Fig. 1 the biased parameters are not detectable whereas the unbiased parameters have increased. The increase is due to the jamming power of jammer J. In the "out of service area" situation the unbiased parameters decrease as the biased parameters also decrease.
  • this situation can be used to detect a jamming transmitter affecting the user equipment UE#1 when also an unbiased received wideband power within the bandwidth of the communication user equipment receiver at the communication user equipment UE#1 antenna connector is measured.
  • a first indication of a jamming transmitter is given.
  • this situation can be used already to provide an effective concept of detecting a jamming transmitter affecting the user equipment UE#1 without detecting and comparing power levels.
  • said communication user equipment UE is adapted for communication with a component of a cellular code division multiple access CDMA based radio network RN having a number of user equipments UE and a number of base node stations BNS.
  • a UMTS communication indicator can be on hold by means of a binary value stored or some setting of a user equipment which is indicative that the user equipment is capable and in reach of a UMTS communication signal.
  • a UMTS communication indicator can be on hold by means of a binary value stored or some setting of a user equipment which is indicative that the user equipment is capable and in reach of a UMTS communication signal.
  • this might not be available.
  • synchronisation primitives are used to indicate the synchronisation status of radio links, both in uplink and downlink.
  • such primitive might also be not executable or may not work due to jamming in the start up phase.
  • the concept starts from the consideration that the problem of jamming detection due to the lack of an undisturbed earlier or other reference signal can be transferred into another question/problem.
  • the invention recognized that the signal measured during a start up mode, in particular idle mode, leading to an unsuccessful connection attempt --although power which is detected should be sufficient for connection may be due to jamming or just the case of being in a location where the technologies supported by the UE are not deployed (out-of-service OOS).
  • OOS out-of-service
  • the invention follows in general to combine the measurement on the power distribution in the received band being unable to decode, with location information compared to a stored list on the deployment of the technologies supported. Hence, if energy is detected in a band and the band is designated to GSM in that area e.g., it is likely that the M2M device is interfered/jammed.
  • the concept generally embraces the general combination of a method for positioning in conjunction with measurements/decoding attempts on UE receiver bands to evaluate whether said radio bands are disturbed by purpose hence the so called jamming to prevent said mobile from connection loss.
  • the jamming detection method of this approach is exemplified with regard to the following Fig. 3 for combination of these aspects.
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow chart wherein in step S1 a communication user equipment UE is provided without powering such that in principle it is connectable to a cellular radio network RN as depicted in Fig. 1 once powered.
  • the communication in the network thus in principle can be accomplished in a communication band on a communication channel for a predetermined frequency range, namely the frequency range of a dedicated channel DCH e.g..
  • the communication user equipment is in a switched off state UE RX off. This state usually occurs once the user equipment has been switched off, namely a power source of the user equipment has been disconnected or switched off. This sometimes is provided during night times or when the user equipment resides on an airplane or another location where no transmission is necessary or allowed.
  • step S3 the user equipment is switched on, this means a power source of the user equipment is connected to a receiver of the antenna of the user equipment.
  • the user equipment begins to work through the procedural steps of a start up mode in order to arrive at an idle mode and for finally achieving a connected mode of a communication radio link with the component of the radio network.
  • step S4 a band and/or channel search is started as one procedural step of the start up mode, wherein all frequency bands for communication --as far as allowed by the capability of the user equipment-- are scanned by the receiver.
  • the available communication frequency bands may comprise all UMTS communication frequency bands FB I to XIX.
  • bands may be scanned within other technologies than the UMTS technology, e.g. GPRS or LTE technology related frequency bands and/or channels may be scanned. This is in particular the case when, e.g., the user equipment relies on a combination of UMTS and GMS and a LTE technology.
  • a communication frequency of a synchronization channel and/or dedicated channel in the end is spectrally located between an upper frequency and a lower frequency of a communication frequency band, e.g. a frequency band FB I to XIX as it is basically known for the UMTS standard.
  • the bands lie in the range of between 700 MHz to 2700 MHz; in the European Union e.g. a frequency band I at 2100MHz is provided.
  • the band provides a duplex distance for uplink and downlink channel of 190 MHz and provides a sequence of channels of 60 MHz width.
  • each duplex channel has a 5 MHz width in a band.
  • the number of duplex channels increases and each has a width of 10 or 20 MHz.
  • step S5 the typical cell synchronization and code identification is provided in step S5. If this step is successful in the YES-path the user equipment in step S6 can turn to normal operation which means the user equipment is in idle mode and once a dedicated channel e.g. a dedicated channel DPCCH for voice or a dedicated data channel DPDCH for a data transfer is synchronized, the user equipment is connected mode.
  • a dedicated channel e.g. a dedicated channel DPCCH for voice or a dedicated data channel DPDCH for a data transfer is synchronized
  • step S5 it is determined that a connected mode of a communication radio link cannot be established.
  • step S7 a power level in the radio link is measured for at least the predetermined frequency range of the channel or band.
  • a threshold level to establish a communication link is provided and it is determined whether the measured power level is above the threshold level to establish a communication link.
  • OOS out of service
  • a power level measured is well above a threshold level to establish a communication link. This result will be taken as an indication for jamming along the YES-path following a step S7 with consideration of step S9.
  • an Ec/lo value can be measured --as biased power-- e.g. for a DPCH channel or DPCCH channel.
  • the total received wide band power can be measured like e.g. an RSSI value.
  • a position estimate is executed by one or more of a number of preferred location means which can be selected according to the demands of the specific application.
  • a GPS module or other measuring means can be used.
  • a signal run time or interference in a cell or the like cell measurement can be used.
  • a location of the user equipment can be provided by means of an MMI (man machine interface) which input can be used for further steps in the procedure.
  • MMI man machine interface
  • the instant embodiment provides for a jamming detection using positioning.
  • the first aspect method as outlined above can give the answer to the question of being in an area with deployed technologies not supported by the UE or being jammed can also be analyzed; positioning can be achieved by using of systems which allow a global positioning analysis.
  • Such modules are known as GPS or radio services with regional pattern like WLAN (IEEE 802.11d-2001), world clock signals, i.e. in Germany the DCF77 is in use at 77kHz having a coverage area of 2000km hence being remarkable for Europe.
  • IEEE 802.11d-2001 or 802.11d is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification that adds support for "additional regulatory domains". This support includes the addition of a country information element to beacons, probe requests, and probe responses. The country information elements simplifies the creation of 802.11 wireless access points and client devices that meet the different regulations enforced in various parts of the world. The amendment has been incorporated into the published IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.
  • A-GPS should be world wide available, by the achieved position it can be matched whether the radio communication is not available as technology not deployed or jammed. If A-GPS is also received but not decidable too, also this can be used as some jamming indication.
  • a device for analyzing such jamming situations may be equipped with additional hardware or connected to said hardware being in the position for doing a location estimate on every means that is available, and comparing this to information identifying whether the supported technologies by the UE should be available in the determined area.
  • the UE detects that there is power in y out of z supported receiver bands which would be sufficient for having a suitable cell (a suitable cell is defined as a cell which could provide a service according to the radio conditions) it activates a hardware being in the position to identify the global position with one of the methods mentioned above, e.g. said world time signal where the usage may be limited to one or more of said signals. I.e. only for areas not supported or for areas where a technology used by the UE is supported. Furthermore if energy is detected in said band it should belong to that technology.
  • step S9 a second condition is provided by the step S11 of evaluating to be in area of location --as determined by the position estimate-- where coverage in one of the bands and/or channels should be available.
  • the at least predetermined frequency of the radio link as measured and identified with X mentioned above is identified to have sufficient power for a suitable cell connection and also should be available at the location of the user equipment.
  • step S12 in general it can be determined that at the actual location with coverage is provided for built up of a communication connection in the predetermined frequency range.
  • a data base or the like is provided with technologies supported regions in certain bands in countries ITU.
  • the characteristic feature of undisturbed power distribution of at least the predetermined frequency range according to the technology supported in the countries ITU regions can be used for identifying and associating the measured power distribution in step S13.
  • Those are available for making a reliable decision in step S12.
  • a power distribution can be analyzed in terms of characteristic items of the power distribution indicative of at least the predetermined frequency range.
  • the instant embodiment provides for detection by identifying normal bands according to ITU (international telecommunications union) in step S13.
  • ITU international telecommunications union
  • An M2M receiver itself has in a possible scanning mode a broader reception capability than the radio chip which is the limiting factor for the supported technologies carrying the spreading modulation and coding schemes of the communication technology within the M2M device; this means a receiver has the ability to receive the unbiased power in a large frequency spectrum and analyzing the energy distribution over the supported frequency range.
  • each ITU region has its own band plan and technologies being deployed there. Hence an un-disturbed area in such a region shows a certain characteristic especially recognizable in the area where the transmitter of base-stations are operating.
  • the mobile upon reception of signals in the supported bands/technologies being above the level that is required for a suitable/detectable cell the mobile shall analyze the unbiased power of the entire range supported by its receiver and compare the shape to stored references of undisturbed WARC areas having different deployments or basic characteristics.
  • step S12 one or more characteristic features of a position related undisturbed power distribution can be compared with a characteristic item of a measured power distribution according to a corresponding analysis in the at least predetermined frequency range.
  • characteristic features and associated characteristic items do not correspond at least in a significant degree-- in step S12 a reliable conclusion can be taken that a jamming transmitter is affecting the communication user equipment.
  • a jamming indication can be given e.g. to an application in step S14.
  • the application in step S14 may use this information for further measures, e.g. by outputting a warning or providing safety measures to protect a user equipment within an M2M system.
  • the concept can be implemented with a method of combining radio measurements and positioning analysis for jamming detection, a device supporting said functionality, a computer program executing such functionality, an internal or external application controlling and triggering such method, a service centre providing support for such a method, any instance in or connected to the device supporting the method.
  • a respective device is shown schematically in Fig. 4 .
  • the user equipment 100 comprises a module 10 for mobile communication with cellular radio network RN via an air interface, namely by means of an antenna 20 connected to a receiver.
  • the receiver and also a power source for powering the user equipment is not shown in detail.
  • the user equipment is provided with a SIM card 1 for authentication in the radio network RN and a storage means 2.
  • the user equipment 100 has an interface connection 30 between the module 10 and an application 40. On the interface connection 30 AT-commands can be transmitted for signaling between the module 10 and the application 40.
  • the application 40 can be realized by means of a software- or hardware-layer, in particular by any kind of device for connection to the cellular network by the module 10.
  • the application 40 can be formed by some kind of a sensor- or supervision-device or metering device or other apparatus.
  • the interface connection 30 can be used for transmitting a jamming warning and/or jamming detection indication to an application 40 once the module 10 has detected a jamming transmitter by means of the method described above.
  • the module 10 thus is adapted for executing one or more method steps according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the module 10 provides a power measuring unit 11 and a power analysis unit 12. Further, the module provides for a link measuring unit 13 and a link analyzing unit 14. Last but not least the module 10 also provides a location measuring unit 15 and a location analyzing unit 16.
  • the power measuring unit 11 is adapted for measuring a power level in the radio link via the antenna 20 and a corresponding receiver sensory for a power level in the radio link at least at the predetermined frequency range, namely in particular in at least the band and/or channel as found during cell search.
  • An analyzing unit 12 provides for a comparator measure for determining whether the power level measured is above a threshold level to establish a communication link.
  • a respective threshold level can e.g. be stored in the storage means 2 or be submitted to the module 10.
  • a respective threshold level also can be stored according to a setting or other received network frame.
  • the link measuring unit 13 is adapted for measuring the radio link at least at the predetermined frequency range by providing a power distribution of the radio link at least of a predetermined frequency range.
  • the power distribution can be provided as a function of frequency and is transferred to the analyzing unit 14 of the module 10.
  • the analyzing unit 14 is adapted for analyzing the power distribution in terms of a characteristic item of the power distribution indicative of at least the predetermined frequency range.
  • the width, steepness, dips and the like shape parameters of the power distribution can be determined.
  • a dip or gap in the distribution can be determined to result from the duplex distance between an uplink and downlink channel or other separation of channels; thus is an important feature / item to discriminate between an undisturbed power spectrum and a jamming spectrum.
  • the analyzing unit can also provide further characteristic features which have no direct relation to the frequency; but nevertheless all of these shape features can be used to characterize the power distribution with essential and mostly strong features thereof.
  • a location measuring unit 15 is adapted for measuring a position of the communication user equipment as indicated above.
  • An analyzing location unit 16 is adapted for retrieving a characteristic feature of a position related undisturbed power distribution of at least the predetermined frequency range.
  • the undisturbed location related power distribution e.g. can be stored directly in the SIM card 1 but also in a storage means 2 of the user equipment.
  • the storage 2 of lookup information can be accomplished.
  • said information is stored on the SIM card 1 or within the UE 100 itself.
  • the information matching the current position with the areas where the supported technologies by the UE are provided can be done by stored information held in the UE. Either in the UE directly or in the SIM card. I.e. in which countries are the supported bands designated to e.g. GSM; this is a simple table.
  • All relevant parameters used may be settable by AT commands and updatable via AT commands or radio communication. I.e. in case of radio shape analysis when the target is known of an aircraft delivery the expected undisturbed radio shape of power distribution could be send to the UE 100 via radio communication from a service centre which in case of conditions as above come true may be used for said analysis.

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Erkennen eines Störsenders, der das Kommunikationsbenutzergerät (UE) beeinflusst, durch ein Kommunikationsbenutzergerät (UE), wobei
    - das Kommunikationsbenutzergerät (UE) für die Kommunikation mit einer Komponente eines zellularen Funknetzes (RN), das eine Anzahl von Kommunikationsbenutzergeräten (UE) und eine Anzahl von Basisstationen (BNS) aufweist, für die Kommunikation in einem Kommunikationsband auf einem Kommunikationskanal eines vorbestimmten Frequenzbereichs angepasst ist, und wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bereitstellen des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) in einem Startmodus zum Erreichen eines Verbindungsmodus einer Kommunikationsfunkverbindung mit der Komponente des Funknetzes (RN), wobei in dem Startmodus des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) bestimmt wird, dass ein Verbindungsmodus der Kommunikationsfunkverbindung nicht hergestellt werden kann, und wobei die folgenden Schritte bereitgestellt werden:
    - Messen eines Leistungspegels in der Funkverbindung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich und Bestimmen, ob der Leistungspegel über einem Schwellenwert liegt, der als ausreichend für den Aufbau einer Kommunikationsverbindung (1) angesehen wird;
    - Empfangen einer Standortinformation in Bezug auf eine Position des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE);
    - Empfangen einer Abdeckungsinformation des Einsatzes des Funknetzes (RN) an der Position;
    - Anzeigen eines Störsenders (J) für das Kommunikationsbenutzergerät (UE), für den Fall, dass die Abdeckungsinformationen anzeigen, dass an der Position des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) das Funknetz (RN) eingesetzt ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Empfangen der Standortinformationen das Bestimmen der Position des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) umfasst.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Empfangen der Abdeckungsinformationen über den Einsatz eines Funknetzes an der Position das Empfangen von Informationen über einen Out-Of-Service-Standort (OOS) umfasst.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Empfangen der Abdeckungsinformationen über den Einsatz eines Funknetzes an der Position Informationen über eine eingesetzte Kommunikationstechnologie aus einem gespeicherten Datenelement umfasst.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Messen der Funkverbindung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich durch Bereitstellen einer Leistungsverteilung der Funkverbindung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich,
    - Analysieren der Leistungsverteilung in Bezug auf ein charakteristisches Element der Leistungsverteilung, das mindestens den vorgegebenen Frequenzbereich anzeigt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, ferner umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Abrufen eines charakteristischen Merkmals einer positionsbezogenen ungestörten Leistungsverteilung von mindestens dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich, wobei
    - das charakteristische Merkmal dem analysierten charakteristischen Element der gemessenen Leistungsverteilung an der Position zugeordnet wird, und
    - Vergleichen eines oder mehrerer charakteristischer Merkmale und zugehöriger charakteristischer Elemente und Verifizieren, ob sie nicht mindestens in signifikantem Maße übereinstimmen und im Falle einer Nichtübereinstimmung, Anzeigen eines Störsenders (J).
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, wobei die Funkverbindung für mindestens einen vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich eines oder mehrerer Bänder und/oder Kanäle gemessen wird und die Leistungsverteilung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich über eine Anzahl von separaten Bändern und/oder Kanälen analysiert wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, wobei das Messen der Funkverbindung eine unvoreingenommene Leistungsverteilung über verfügbare Kommunikationsbänder und/oder - kanäle des vorbestimmten Frequenzbereichs bereitstellt, und wobei das charakteristische Element eine Varianz separater Bänder und/oder Kanäle ist, und das Analysieren der unvoreingenommenen Leistungsverteilung in Bezug auf eine Varianz separater Bänder und/oder Kanäle erfolgt.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, wobei die Funkverbindung mindestens für den vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich eines oder mehrerer Bänder und/oder Kanäle gemessen wird und die Leistungsverteilung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich innerhalb mindestens eines Bandes und/oder Kanals analysiert wird.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, wobei das Messen der Funkverbindung eine voreingenommene Leistungsverteilung in einem Kommunikationsband und/oder -kanal der Kommunikationsverbindung (1) bereitstellt, wobei das charakteristische Element eine Form der Verteilung in dem Band und/oder Kanal ist, und das Analysieren der voreingenommenen Leistungsverteilung in Bezug auf eine Form der Verteilung in dem Band und/oder Kanal erfolgt.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Messen eines Leistungspegels in der Funkverbindung und das Bestimmen, ob der Leistungspegel unter einem Schwellenwert liegt, der als ausreichend angesehen wird, um eine Kommunikationsverbindung (1) herzustellen, dazu dient, eine Out-Of-Service-Anzeige bereitzustellen.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, wobei das Messen der Funkverbindung einen oder mehrere zusätzliche technologiebezogene Parameter bereitstellt, wobei die Technologie aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die umfasst:
    - 2G-Technologien, mindestens umfassend GSM, GPRS, EDGE,
    - 3G-Technologien, mindestens umfassend TDMA-basierten Technologien, WCDMA, HSPA, EV-DO,
    - CDMA-basierte Technologien mindestens einschließlich IS-Technologien,
    - 4G-Technologien, mindestens umfassend LTE und/oder WiMax.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein charakteristisches Merkmal aus ungestörten Leistungsverteilungen abgerufen wird, die mindestens durch ein Vorladen, ein Speichern, ein Herunterladen oder eine In-Use-Sammlung gesammelt werden.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Bestimmen einer Position des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) mindestens das Schätzen eines Standorts des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) durch eine oder mehrere Software-, Hardware- oder MMI-Maßnahmen bereitstellt, die aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die mindestens Folgendes umfasst: MMI-Eingang, GPS-Modul, Zellmessung, Signallaufzeit oder Interferenzmessung.
  15. Kommunikationsbenutzergerät (UE), das Mittel umfasst, die so konfiguriert sind, dass sie die Schritte des Verfahrens zum Erkennen eines Störsenders ausführen, die das Kommunikationsbenutzergerät (UE) in einem Startmodus nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 beeinflussen, wobei das Kommunikationsbenutzergerät ferner umfasst:
    - eine Verbindungsmesseinheit (13), die angepasst ist zum Messen der Funkverbindung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich durch Bereitstellen einer Leistungsverteilung der Funkverbindung mindestens in dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich,
    - eine Analyseeinheit (12) zum Analysieren der Leistungsverteilung in Bezug auf ein charakteristisches Element der Leistungsverteilung, das mindestens den vorgegebenen Frequenzbereich;
    - eine Standortmesseinheit (15), die angepasst ist zum Messen der Position des Kommunikationsbenutzergeräts (UE) und zum Abrufen eines charakteristischen Merkmals einer positionsbezogenen ungestörten Leistungsverteilung von mindestens dem vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich, wobei
    - das charakteristische Merkmal dem analysierten charakteristischen Element der gemessenen Leistungsverteilung an der gemessenen Position zugeordnet wird;
    - einen Komparator, der angepasst ist zum Vergleichen eines oder mehrerer charakteristischer Merkmale und zugehöriger charakteristischer Elemente und Verifizieren, ob sie nicht mindestens in signifikantem Maße übereinstimmen und im Falle einer Nichtübereinstimmung, Anzeigen eines Störsenders (J).
EP12167929.4A 2012-05-14 2012-05-14 Verfahren zur Erkennung eines Kommunikationsbenutzergerät beeinflussenden Störsenders, und Benutzergerät Active EP2665214B1 (de)

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EP3026835A1 (de) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-01 Gemalto M2M GmbH Verfahren zum Detektieren eines auf ein Kommunikationsendgerät einwirkenden Störsenders
CN110167058B (zh) * 2019-05-14 2023-02-21 广州三星通信技术研究有限公司 干扰频率的识别方法和移动终端、日志管理方法和服务器

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US6229998B1 (en) 1999-04-12 2001-05-08 Qualcomm Inc. Method and system for detecting in-band jammers in a spread spectrum wireless base station
CA2392326A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-03 Newtrax Technologies Inc. Monitoring system and method
US7680450B2 (en) 2004-05-17 2010-03-16 Telit Communications S.P.A. Method and user equipment for jamming detection and signalling in a mobile telecommunications network
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GB201011174D0 (en) * 2010-07-02 2010-08-18 Vodafone Plc Improving security using telecommuncation networks
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