EP2662507A2 - Method for laying a covering and panel element for a covering - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves arranging the panel element (2) to be installed with a transverse edge (6) having a transverse edge spring contour at the transverse edge of the previously installed panel element in an inclined manner. The previously installed panel element is attached to a longitudinal edge (4). The panel element to be installed is lifted to an angle between 3 to 25 degree with an attached transverse edge for longitudinal edge joining to the longitudinal edge of the previously installed row of panel elements. An independent claim is included for a panel element with a nut for a covering.

Description

The invention relates to a method for laying a covering, in particular a floor, wall or ceiling covering, wherein the covering has a plurality of similar, interconnected panel elements, wherein the panel element has a base body with mutually opposite longitudinal edges and mutually opposite transverse edges, wherein on one longitudinal edge a Längskantennutkontur and on the other longitudinal edge a corresponding Längskantenfederkontur is provided, wherein on one transverse edge a Querkantennutkontur and at the other transverse edge a corresponding transverse edge spring contour is provided and adjacent panel elements are connected to each other at their adjacent longitudinal edges and their adjacent transverse edges , Furthermore, the present invention relates to a panel element for a covering, in particular a floor, wall or ceiling covering, wherein the covering has a plurality of similar, interconnected panel elements, preferably provided for laying according to the aforementioned method, wherein the panel member having a base body having opposite longitudinal edges and opposing transverse edges, wherein on one longitudinal edge a Längskantennutkontur and provided on the other longitudinal edge a corresponding Längskantenfederkontur, wherein at one transverse edge a Quererkantennutkontur and at the other transverse edge a corresponding transverse edge spring contour is provided, wherein the Längsskantennutkontur an upper shorter groove cheek and a lower longer groove cheek, between which the groove of the transverse edges of the longitudinal edges is and wherein the transverse edge groove contour has an upper shorter groove cheek and a lower l having lengthier groove cheek, between which the groove is located.

From practice various systems of geometries on panels, which are also referred to in practice as planks, known, which is based on a locking of the transverse edge by push button systems. In these systems, a pressure point must be overcome, which naturally opposes only low holding forces against loosening of the connection.

Another known type of connection is the lateral pivoting / connecting a complete series of interconnected at the transverse edges planks, which - after joining all planks in the transverse edges - is supported as an entire row by wedges and then pivoted into the longitudinal edge of already laid planks , Usually, the support of a tool is required for longitudinal edge joining in order to overcome corresponding pressure points and to insert the row of planks as a whole into the longitudinal edge of the already laid planks.

For snap connections, the floorboard already attached to one edge must be moved sideways in order to be joined to the other edge. This shifting means for the publisher uncomfortable work with additional necessary tools.

Newer systems, which are known from practice, have in the region of a transverse edge of an additional component in the manner of a spring bolt, which allows joining of the planks. The laying takes place in such a way that the plank to be laid is inserted with its one longitudinal edge in the longitudinal edge of the already laid row of planks. The interlocking of adjacent planks of a series takes place by the accurately fitting lowering of the plank to be laid on the already laid plank. When pivoting down the board to be laid, it comes to a locking of the adjacent transverse edges due to the spring bolt. Problems can arise in this system, in particular, when an already laid plank is taken up again. This can lead to damage of the spring bolt with the result that the next joining process is not readily possible. Another disadvantage of this known system is the reduced fit due to the added tolerances of the various components. This can ultimately lead to no smooth transition between adjacent planks in the area of the top edges. Finally, this known system is complicated and expensive due to the need for additional spring bolt in the production.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for laying a covering of the type mentioned above and related panel elements for a covering available, the installation easily possible and the related panels or the flooring produced therefrom should be inexpensive to produce.

• a) Das zu verlegende Paneelelement wird zunächst mit der die Querkantenfederkontur aufweisenden Querkante an die die Querkantennutkontur aufweisenden Querkante des zuletzt verlegten, bereits längskantengefügten Paneelelements in der gleichen Verlegereihe schräg angesetzt und eingefügt, wobei die Einfügung bevorzugt werkzeuglos erfolgt. Im querkantengefügten Zustand wird das zu verlegende Paneelelement in die Ebene des zuletzt verlegten Paneelelements abgesenkt. Das zu verlegende Paneelelement liegt dann letztlich auf dem Untergrund auf und befindet sich in der gleichen Ebene wie die bereits verlegten Paneelelemente. Alternativ oder ergänzend ist es auch möglich, dass das zu verlegende Paneelelement mit der die Querkantenfederkontur aufweisenden Querkante in die die Querkantennutkontur aufweisende Querkante des in der Ebene des zuletzt verlegten Paneelelements eingeschoben wird, und zwar ebenfalls bevorzugt werkzeuglos. Die vorgenannte Alternative bietet sich insbesondere dann an, wenn ein schräges Ansetzen aus Platzgründen nicht möglich ist, beispielsweise wenn eine Heizung eine Schrägstellung bzw. ein schräges Ansetzen verhindert. Im Übrigen kommt die zuletzt genannte Alternative aber auch dann zur Anwendung, wenn das schräge Ansetzen mit einigem Abstand zwischen den zu verfügenden Längskanten erfolgt ist.
• b) Das zu verlegende Paneelelement wird bei gefügter Querkante zur Längskantenfügung an die die Längskantennutkontur aufweisende Längskante der zuletzt verlegten Reihe von Paneelelementen in einem Winkel zwischen minimal 3° und maximal 25° angehoben, wobei das quer- und längskantengefügte benachbarte Paneelelement derselben Verlegereihe zumindest bereichsweise mit angehoben wird. Hinzuweisen ist in diesem Zusammenhang darauf, das angegebene Winkelintervall zwischen 3° und 25° eine Längskantenfügung des zu verlegden Paneelelements ermöglicht, ohne dass sich die Längskantenfügung des benachbarten, bereits verlegten Paneelelements derselben Verlegereihe wieder löst. Es versteht sich, dass jegliche Zwischenintervalle, wie beispielsweise 4° bis 20°, innerhalb der vorgenannten Bereichsgrenzen möglich sind. Erst bei stärkerem Anheben, also bei Vergrößerung des Fügewinkels über 25° oder die ansonsten vorgesehene obere Intervallgrenze hinaus, kann es zu einem Lösen der Längskantenfügung des benachbarten Paneelelements derselben Verlegereihe kommen. Im Übrigen ist es bei der Erfindung so, dass beim Anheben des zu verlegenden Paneelelements aufgrund des Eigengewichts der weiteren, bereits verlegten Paneelelemente derselben Verlegereihe sich die gesamte Reihe nicht notwendigerweise mit anhebt, zumal die anderen Paneelelemente derselben Verlegereihe bereits längsgefügt sind. Es versteht sich, dass dies natürlich von der Länge der bereits verlegten Reihe abhängt. Bei Versuchen, die durchgeführt worden sind, ist festgestellt worden, dass bereits ab einer Länge von 1,5 m nur ein bereichsweises Mitanheben des oder der benachbarten Paneelelemente erfolgt.
• c) Das zu verlegende Paneelelement wird mit seiner die Längskantenfederkontur aufweisenden Längskante in die die Längskantennutkontur aufweisenden Längskante der zuletzt verlegten Paneelelementreihe werkzeuglos eingeschoben und anschließend abgesenkt. Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verlegeverfahren das zuletzt verlegte Paneelelement bereits längsgefügt ist, ist lediglich die Längskantenfügung des zu verlegenden Paneelelements, also nur eines einzigen Elements, und nicht der gesamten Verlegereihe erforderlich. Aus diesem Grunde ist es bei der Erfindung möglich, werkzeuglos die Längskantenfügung vorzunehmen, wobei es sich versteht, dass grundsätzlich natürlich auch ein Werkzeug eingesetzt werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist es, da die Längskantenfügung nur eines einzigen Paneelelements erfolgen muss und im Übrigen nicht die gesamte Verlegereihe angehoben werden muss, auch möglich, dass der Verlegevorgang in einfacher Weise von nur einer Person durchgeführt werden kann.

The above object is in a method of the type mentioned according to the invention characterized by the following, successive laying steps:

• a) The panel element to be laid is first with the transverse edge feather contour having transverse edge at the transverse edge groove contour having transverse edge of the last laid, already longitudinally edged panel element in the same Verlegereihe obliquely attached and inserted, the insertion is preferably done without tools. In the transverse edge-added state, the panel element to be laid is lowered into the plane of the last laid panel element. The panel element to be laid then ultimately rests on the ground and is located in the same plane as the already installed panel elements. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for the panel element to be laid with the transverse edge having the transverse edge spring contour to be inserted into the transverse edge of the transverse edge groove having the last laid panel element, preferably also without tools. The aforementioned alternative is particularly useful when an oblique attachment for reasons of space is not possible, for example, when a heater prevents skewing or slanting. Incidentally, however, the last-mentioned alternative is also used when the oblique attachment has occurred at some distance between the longitudinal edges to be provided.
• b) The panel element to be laid is raised at joined transverse edge to the Längsskantenfügung to the Längskantennutkontur having longitudinal edge of the last laid row of panel elements at an angle between a minimum of 3 ° and a maximum of 25 °, wherein the transverse and längskantengefügte adjacent panel element of the same Verlegereihe at least partially with is raised. It should be pointed out in this context that the specified angular interval between 3 ° and 25 ° is a longitudinal edge joining of the panel element to be laid allows without the Längsskantenfügung the adjacent, already laid panel element of the same Verlegereihe dissolves again. It is understood that any intermediate intervals, such as 4 ° to 20 °, are possible within the aforementioned range limits. Only with stronger lifting, so with enlargement of the joining angle over 25 ° or the otherwise provided upper interval limit, it may lead to a loosening of the longitudinal edge joining of the adjacent panel element of the same laying row. Incidentally, it is in the invention so that when lifting the panel element to be laid due to the weight of the other, already laid panel elements of the same Verlegereihe the entire series does not necessarily lift with, especially since the other panel elements of the same Verlegereihe are already longitudinally added. It goes without saying that this of course depends on the length of the row already laid. In experiments that have been carried out, it has been found that only a partial lifting of the adjacent panel elements or takes place from a length of 1.5 m.
• c) The panel element to be laid is inserted without tools with its longitudinal edge having the longitudinal edge spring contour in the Längskantennutkontur having longitudinal edge of the last laid row of panel elements and then lowered. Since in the laying method according to the invention the last laid panel element is already longitudinally joined, only the longitudinal edge joining of the panel element to be laid, ie only a single element, and not the entire laying row is required. For this reason, it is possible in the invention without tools to make the Längsskantenfügung, it being understood that in principle, of course, a tool can be used. In addition, since the longitudinal edge joining only a single panel element must be made and incidentally, not the entire Verlegereihe must be raised, also possible that the laying process can be performed in a simple manner by only one person.

In the case of the method according to the invention, it is preferred that the attachment of the panel element to be laid to the panel element which has already been laid for transverse edge joining with an attachment angle α of at least 3 ° and a maximum of 50 °. Again, any intermediate interval within the aforementioned range limits is possible, such as 4 ° to 45 °. This means that the transverse edge formation is such that a transverse edge insertion in the aforementioned interval of the attachment angle is possible. In detail, this will be discussed below.

For longitudinal edge joining, the panel element to be laid is to be brought as close as possible to the longitudinal edge of the last laid row of panel elements after the transverse edge joining. On the one hand, this can take place in that the transverse edge joining takes place already during the oblique application so that the longitudinal edges to be provided are as close as possible to one another. In this way, then only a small and, in the best case, no displacement in the horizontal direction is required for the longitudinal edge joining. Even if the already transversely mounted, to be laid panel element has not been transversely exactly in the aforementioned manner, so that the long edges to be equipped abut very close to each other, only a short shift to Längskantenfügung must be done. The displacement takes place until a gap of the order of magnitude of between 2 to 10 mm results between the upper edges of the longitudinal edges to be joined. With an exact arrangement or even with the necessary displacement of the panel element to be laid in the transverse edge insertion in the direction of the longitudinal edge of the already laid row of panel elements, it is such that either the spring of the longitudinal edge is pivoted when pivoting down directly on the upper groove cheek of the longitudinal edge and / or a provided on the spring underside locking projection abuts the lower groove cheek of the longitudinal edge during horizontal displacement. In this way, then results in the aforementioned gap between the upper edges of the longitudinal edges.

Moreover, it is advantageous that the spring of the longitudinal edge rests after lowering the panel member on a designated contact surface of the lower groove cheek of the longitudinal edge. This not only results in a good and secure support of the spring for subsequent insertion into the groove, it is also provided a place for the pivot point in the subsequent pivoting up of the panel element to be laid available.

So that the aforementioned laying method can be carried out in the aforementioned manner, the panel element mentioned at the beginning has a special structural design. However, it should be noted that the panel element according to the invention may not necessarily be used only for laying according to the aforementioned method.

It is structurally provided in the case of the panel element mentioned at the outset that the ratio of the projection of the lower groove cheek to the upper groove cheek of the longitudinal edge to the projection of the spring of the longitudinal edge is between 1.5 and 3.1, preferably between 1.95 and 2.7 between 2.1 and 2.5 and in particular at least 2.3. Alternatively or cumulatively, it is provided that the ratio of the projection of the lower groove cheek to the upper groove cheek of the transverse edge to the projection of the spring of the transverse edge between 0.4 and 1.85, preferably between 0.6 and 1.5, more preferably between 0 , 7 and 1.1 and in particular at least 0.9. In the invention, therefore, a comparatively short spring with a comparatively long lower groove cheek is used as a result in the longitudinal edge contour to allow a safe swinging in at a small joint angle. In contrast, the transverse edge contouring is carried out completely differently. The spring is longer and the lower groove cheek of the transverse edge has a comparatively short length, which favors the displacement necessary for the longitudinal edge joining in the method according to the invention.

Although the longitudinal and transverse edge contour is different, it is basically also possible to approximate the abovementioned contours to one another, to the extent that insertion of a longitudinal edge into a transverse edge and vice versa is possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a locking groove is provided on the upper side of the lower groove cheek of the longitudinal edge, while on the underside of the spring of the longitudinal edge a locking cam is provided for engagement in the groove. When joining the longitudinal edges of the locking cam engages in the locking groove.

With regard to the previously described embodiment of the longitudinal edge with a comparatively short spring and a longer lower groove cheek, it is additionally provided that the ratio of the projection of the spring of the longitudinal edge to the distance between the end face of the upper groove cheek of the longitudinal edge and the detent groove of the longitudinal edge is between 2.6 and 0.6, preferably between 1.7 and 0.8, more preferably between 1.25 and 1, 0 and in particular at least 1.09. Ultimately, it is ensured by this configuration that the locking connection is relatively far away from the outer end face of the upper groove cheek, so that there is a comparatively broad support area for the spring as a fulcrum when pivoting the panel element to be laid in the longitudinal joining at the bottom.

In contrast, in a preferred embodiment of the invention in the region of the transverse edge is provided that on the upper side of the lower groove cheek of the transverse edge a locking groove is provided, wherein on the underside of the spring a locking cam is provided for engagement in the locking groove. In the transverse joined state of the locking cam is engaged in the locking groove.

In the region of the transverse edge, it is now preferred that the ratio of the projection of the spring of the transverse edge to the distance of the end face of the upper groove cheek of the transverse edge to the locking groove of the transverse edge between 15 and 25, preferably between 18 and 22, more preferably between 19 and 21 and especially at least 20.3. The ratio values indicated above make it clear that the lower groove cheek is relatively short and the detent point is close to the displacement area. In this way, on the one hand, the frictional resistance in the necessary horizontal sliding movement for longitudinal edge joining is reduced, on the other hand results from the immediate vicinity of the locking groove to the end face of the upper groove no torque at uneven or oblique force during the horizontal displacement of the panel element to be laid for Längsskantenfügung.

• Der Überstand der unteren Nutwange gegenüber der oberen Nutwange der Längskante beträgt zwischen 4 und 8 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 7 mm, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 5,2 und 6,4 mm und insbesondere zumindest im 5,83 mm.
• Der Abstand der Stirnfläche der oberen Nutwange der Längskante zur Rastnut beträgt zwischen 1,3 und 3,4 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 1,8 und 2,9 mm, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 2,0 und 2,7 mm und insbesondere zumindest im 2,35 mm.
• Der Überstand der Feder der Längskante beträgt zwischen 1,5 und 4 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 1,9 und 3,2 mm, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 2,2 und 2,9 mm und insbesondere zumindest im 2,55 mm.
• Der Überstand der unteren Nutwange gegenüber der oberen Nutwange der Querkante beträgt zwischen 2,0 und 4,6 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,5 und 4,1 mm, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 2,9 und 3,0 mm und insbesondere zumindest im 3,31 mm.
• Der Abstand der Stirnfläche der oberen Nutwange der Querkante zur Rastnut beträgt zwischen 0,08 und 0,28 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,1 und 0,26 mm, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 0,15 und 0,21 mm und insbesondere zumindest im 0,18 mm.
• Der Abstand der Feder der Querkante beträgt zwischen 2,5 bis 4,8 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 2,9 und 4,3 mm, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 3,3 und 4 mm und insbesondere zumindest im 3,5 mm.

In experiments carried out it has been found that there are particularly preferred concrete values in terms of lengths or projections of the lower grooved carriage of the longitudinal edge and the transverse edge profile and the projections of the springs of the two profiles in order to ensure the laying method according to the invention. It is the case that in this context the following measures are important for themselves and / or in any combination with one another:

• The projection of the lower groove cheek opposite the upper groove cheek of the longitudinal edge is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably between 5 and 7 mm, more preferably between 5.2 and 6.4 mm and in particular at least 5.83 mm.
• The distance of the end face of the upper groove cheek of the longitudinal edge to the detent groove is between 1.3 and 3.4 mm, preferably between 1.8 and 2.9 mm, more preferably between 2.0 and 2.7 mm and in particular at least in FIG. 35 mm.
• The projection of the spring of the longitudinal edge is between 1.5 and 4 mm, preferably between 1.9 and 3.2 mm, more preferably between 2.2 and 2.9 mm and in particular at least 2.55 mm.
• The projection of the lower groove cheek opposite the upper groove cheek of the transverse edge is between 2.0 and 4.6 mm, preferably between 2.5 and 4.1 mm, more preferably between 2.9 and 3.0 mm and in particular at least in the 3, 31 mm.
• The distance of the end face of the upper groove cheek of the transverse edge to the locking groove is between 0.08 and 0.28 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 0.26 mm, more preferably between 0.15 and 0.21 mm and in particular at least 0, 18 mm.
• The distance between the spring of the transverse edge is between 2.5 to 4.8 mm, preferably between 2.9 and 4.3 mm, more preferably between 3.3 and 4 mm and in particular at least 3.5 mm.

In order to carry out the horizontal, but also the sliding movement in tilted position for longitudinal edge insertion easier, is provided in a further preferred embodiment of the invention that on opposite surfaces of the spring and the groove in the region of the transverse edge and / or the locking groove and the locking cam with replacement contact surfaces contact-free spaces with a gap between 0.005 to 0.2 mm, in particular between 0.007 and 0.013 mm, more preferably between 0.008 and 0.012 and in particular at least 0.01 mm are provided. It is understood that the otherwise existing contact surfaces have been completely replaced by the free spaces, so that the tongue and groove and / or locking cam and locking groove over the entire length ideally not directly abut each other.

Incidentally, it must be pointed out that all intermediate intervals and also all individual values are possible within the stated range limits of all the aforementioned intervals and value limits and are regarded as essential to the invention, even if these are not mentioned in detail for reasons of simplification.

In summary, it should be noted that the present invention has the advantage that can be done by the selected geometry of the longitudinal and / or transverse edges a very stable and accurate fit, since no other components including related tolerances are used. The complete transverse edge geometry is divided into two functional areas. The leveling of the surface of the panel element is achieved by a simple, highly accurate groove-spring geometry, which can absorb vertical loads within the board connection ideal. Locking takes place by pivoting in and finally moving appropriately designed geometry areas that generate a positive connection with vertical contact surfaces.

To the panel element to be laid on all sides, i. also to lock at the longitudinal edges, in the joining of the longitudinal edge a slight lifting / bending is preferably required in the range of about 20 °. The spring of the longitudinal edge can be inserted in this way in the groove of the longitudinal edge of the already laid row of panel elements. The locking with the Einschwenkquerkante has in this respect the advantage that in the almost flat state, the panel elements can be joined and the lifting edge and moving in the direction of the longitudinal edge of the transverse edge geometry is further shifted and completely locked.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausgangssituation eines zu verlegenden Belages,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer eine Längskantennutkontur aufweisenden Längskante,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer eine Längskantenfederkontur aufweisenden Längskante,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer eine Nut aufweisenden Querkantennutkontur,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer eine Querkantenfederkontur aufweisenden Querkante,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verlegeschritts beim Zuführen eines zu verlegenden Paneelelements,

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Verlegeschnitts der Querfügung des zu verlegenden Paneelelements,

Fig. 8

eine Querschnittsansicht des zu verlegenden Paneelelements bei der Querfügung,

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verlegeschritts nach Absenken des quergefügten, zu verlegenden Paneelelements,

Fig. 10

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des quergefügten Paneelelements,

Fig. 11

eine Darstellung einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Verlegung eines Paneelelements bei der Querfügung,

Fig. 12

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht der gefügten Querkanten,

Fig. 13

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht von zufügenden Längskanten, die aufeinander zu zuschieben sind,

Fig. 14

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht der zufügenden Längskanten aus Fig. 13 kurz vor der Längsfügung,

Fig. 15

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verlegeschritts bei Anheben/Anwinkeln des zu verlegenden Paneelelements,

Fig. 16

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verlegeschritts nach dem Ineinanderfügen der Längskante mit noch schräg gestelltem Paneelelement,

Fig. 17

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verlegeschritts nach Absenken des quer- und längsgefügten Paneelelements und

Fig. 18 bis Fig.22

Querschnittsansichten der Verlegeschritte nach der Querfügung bis zur Längsfügung.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this case, all described and / or illustrated Features alone or in any combination, the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of their combination in the claims or their dependency. It shows

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a starting situation of a lining to be laid,

Fig. 2

a schematic cross-sectional view of a Längsskantennutkontur having longitudinal edge,

Fig. 3

a schematic cross-sectional view of a longitudinal edge spring contour having longitudinal edge,

Fig. 4

a schematic cross-sectional view of a groove having transverse edge groove contour,

Fig. 5

a schematic cross-sectional view of a cross edge feather contour having transverse edge,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of a laying step in supplying a panel element to be laid,

Fig. 7

a perspective view of the laying of the cross-section of the panel element to be laid,

Fig. 8

a cross-sectional view of the panel element to be laid in the cross-over,

Fig. 9

a perspective view of a laying step after lowering the transversely inserted, to be laid panel element,

Fig. 10

an enlarged view of the transversely-mounted panel element,

Fig. 11

a representation of an alternative embodiment of the laying of a panel element in the cross-over,

Fig. 12

a schematic cross-sectional view of the joined transverse edges,

Fig. 13

a schematic cross-sectional view of adding longitudinal edges to be pushed towards each other,

Fig. 14

a schematic cross-sectional view of the Zufügenden longitudinal edges Fig. 13 just before the longitudinal joint,

Fig. 15

a perspective view of a laying step in raising / tilting the panel element to be laid,

Fig. 16

a perspective view of a laying step after the joining of the longitudinal edge with still inclined panel element,

Fig. 17

a perspective view of a laying step after lowering the transverse and longitudinal panel element and

Fig. 18 to Fig.22

Cross-sectional views of the laying steps after the cross-joining to the longitudinal joint.

Fig. 1 shows a detail of a not yet completely laid covering 1, which has a plurality of similar, interconnected panel elements 2. In the case of the covering 1, this is a floor covering, wherein in principle a wall or ceiling covering is also possible. Incidentally, with the similarity of panel members 2, it is meant that they are formed at their edges so that adjacent panel members 2 can be connected to each other. In the present case, the panel elements 2 seen in plan view have the shape of an elongated rectangle. Each of the panel elements 2 has a main body 3, which is provided with opposite longitudinal edges 4, 5 and mutually opposite transverse edges 6, 7.

The main body 3 itself or the panel 2 may be made of a solid material, a coated material or a layer material, for example in Form a laminate. In this case, for example, various materials and material combinations for the main body 3 and the panel element 2 as such are possible, in particular in the form of plastics such. As PVC, PUR, PET u. Like., Of solid wood or wood-based panels such as HDF, MDF, WPC (liquid wood) o. The like. With and without coating.

The coating, which may include one or more layers, may be a plastic coating, such as plastic. As PVC, PUR, a textile coating, a cork and / or linoleum coating or a so-called Woodpowder coating act. It is understood that several different coatings, in particular of the aforementioned type, can be provided on a wood-based or plastic plate.

The panel element 2 or the base body 3 has a Längskantennutkonturen on one longitudinal edge 4, while at the other longitudinal edge 5 a corresponding longitudinal edge spring contour is provided. "Corresponding" in this context means that the dimensions of the longitudinal edge contours of the two longitudinal edges 4, 5 are such that an insertion of the one contour into the other contour is possible. Furthermore, a transverse edge groove contour is provided on one transverse edge 6, while a corresponding transverse edge spring contour is provided on the other transverse edge 7. Also, the transverse edges 6, 7 are formed "corresponding" so that they can be joined together. Incidentally, this is the case, for example Fig. 1 , adjacent panel elements 2 at their adjacent longitudinal edges 4, 5 and their adjacent transverse edges 6, 7 connected to each other.

In Fig. 1 a possible initial situation is shown, in which a row is already laid with panel elements 2 and in the next row at least one already laid panel element 2 is located. Incidentally, it is understood that in the initial situation, a plurality of already laid rows of panels 2 can be provided. It goes without saying that, of course, first a row is laid during the laying and then the laying of the next row is started. When laying the first row, adjacent panel elements 2 are connected to one another only at their transverse edges 6, 7. Subsequently, the first panel element 2 is then applied in the next row, wherein the adjacent longitudinal edges 4, 5 are joined together become. For this purpose, according to the present invention, the in Fig. 1 already lying panel element 2 pivoted longitudinal edge and lowered so that it - like the already laid panel elements 2 - rests on the substrate, not shown.

Incidentally, it should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment, the laying is from left to right. However, the invention is not limited thereto.

The contour formation of the individual edge contours show the Fig. 2 to 5. Fig. 2 shows the longitudinal edge 4 with the Längskantennutkontur. This contour has an upper groove cheek 8 and a lower groove cheek 9. The groove cheek 9 is longer than the groove cheek 8, is about this so over to the outside. The groove 10 is located between the groove cheeks 8, 9. The lower free end of the groove cheek 8 has a chamfer 11, so that the groove 10 widens outwards. The lower groove leg 9 has in the region of its free end a latching groove 12, which is provided to the outside with an inlet curvature 13. The lower groove cheek 9 has over the outer end face 14 of the upper groove cheek 8 on a supernatant a. This supernatant a is in the illustrated embodiment 5.83 mm and can basically be between 4 and 8 mm. In between each individual value is possible. In addition, there is a comparatively large clear distance b between the outer end face 14 of the upper groove cheek 8 and the locking groove 12. In the illustrated embodiment, this distance is 2.35 mm, the distance between 1.5 and 3.5 mm may be and each Single value within the range limits is possible.

The corresponding to the Längskantennutkontur Fig. 2 Corresponding spring contour of the longitudinal edge 5 is in Fig. 3 shown. The longitudinal edge spring contour has a spring 15 which protrudes from the upper end face 16 with a projection c. In the illustrated embodiment, the supernatant c is 2.55 mm, where it can be basically between 2 and 3 mm. Each individual value within the range limits is possible. In extension of the bottom 17 of the spring 15 is a locking cam 18 which is provided for engagement in the locking groove 12. In the joined state, the end faces 14 and 16 abut each other.

In Fig. 4 the groove contour of the transverse edge 6 is shown. The transverse edge groove contour has an upper groove cheek 19 and a lower groove cheek 20. At the outer free end of the upper groove cheek 19, this is bevelled, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, two bevels 22, 23 are provided with different pitches between the two groove cheeks 19, 20. At the Abschrägunen 22, 23, the outer end surface 24 connects.

The lower groove cheek 20 has a latching groove 25, which is provided with an inlet curvature 26. The lower groove cheek 20 projects with a projection d over the outer end face 24 of the upper groove cheek 19. In the illustrated embodiment, the supernatant is d 3.31 mm, wherein the supernatant may be in an interval between 2.5 and 4.5 mm, each individual value is possible. The clear distance e of the outer end face 24 to the locking groove 25 is extremely low and is present only 0.18 mm. Basically, the distance e can be between 0.10 and 0.30 mm, whereby each individual value is possible.

In Fig. 5 shows the transverse edge feather contour corresponding to the transverse edge groove contour. This has a spring 27 which projects from the upper end face 28 with a projection f of the present 3.65 mm. The supernatant f can basically be between 3 and 4 mm, with each individual value within the aforementioned interval is possible. In extension of the bottom 29 of the spring 27 is a locking cam 30 for engagement in the locking groove 25. In the joined state, the end faces 24 and 28 abut each other.

It can be seen that the longitudinal edge contour corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 3 from the transverse edge contour according to the 4 and 5 different. Significant differences are that the spring 15 of the longitudinal edge 5 protrudes less than the spring 27 of the transverse edge 7. In the groove contours, it is such that the lower groove cheek 9 of the longitudinal edge 4 is significantly longer than the lower groove cheek 20 of the transverse edge. 6 While the formation of the locking grooves 12, 25 at both lower groove cheeks 9, 20 is at least in the identical, the key difference is that the distances b and e are significantly different. The distance b of the longitudinal edge 4 is significantly greater than the distance e of the transverse edge. 6

In simple terms, it can be stated that the longitudinal edge contour uses a rather short spring 15 with a rather long lower groove cheek 9, while the transverse edge contour uses a spring 27 which is relatively longer with a rather shorter lower groove cheek 20. The significance of the formation of the individual contours will be discussed in more detail below.

For completeness, however, it should be noted that it is also possible in principle to perform the longitudinal edge 4 and the transverse edge 6 and the longitudinal edge 5 and the transverse edge 7, each with at least the same geometry, but then not all the functions described below readily result.

In Fig. 6 It is shown that the panel element 2 to be laid is supplied with its transverse edge 7, which has the transverse edge spring contour, obliquely in the direction of the transverse edge 6 of the already laid, already longitudinally edged panel element 2. Subsequently, the transverse edge 7 of the obliquely supplied, to be laid panel element 2 is inserted into the transverse edge 6 of the already laid panel element 2, as shown in Fig. 7 is shown. This results in a joining of the transverse edge, with no tool for Querenkantenfügung required. A wedging o. The like. Is not required. Finally, the process of cross-over can be done relatively easily and easily by a two handed feeder by the publisher. Since the adjacent panel elements 2 are joined only in the region of their narrow transverse edges 6, 7, the result is a narrow joining area. By the transverse edge geometry, which will be discussed in more detail later, results in the rest of a defined Einschwenkvorgang.

The Fig. 8 shows a side view of the installation state accordingly Fig. 7 , It shows Fig. 8 the attachment angle α. This attachment angle should have a minimum value of 4 ° and a maximum value of 45 °. Within this range limits, an oblique attachment of the panel element 2 to be laid to the already laid panel element 2 for transverse edge joining is possible.

The swiveling in of the transverse edges 6, 7 into one another should take place as close as possible to the longitudinal edge 4 of the last laid row of panel elements 2. FIG. 9 shows the state in which the panel element 2 to be laid has been lowered. The transverse edges 6, 7 are then inserted into one another, while a gap 31 results between the marginal edge of the longitudinal edge 4 of the already laid panel elements 2 and the marginal edge of the longitudinal edge 5 of the panel element 2 to be laid Fig. 10 is shown a little clearer.

As an alternative to the above-described transverse joining of the transverse edges 6, 7, it is also possible to insert the panel element 2 to be laid in the plane of the already laid panel elements 2 with its transverse edge 7 into the transverse edge 6 of the already laid and longitudinally edge-mounted panel element 2 and then transversely to the longitudinal direction of the panel elements 2 in the direction of arrow X to move until the longitudinal edges 4 and 5 virtually touch. Ultimately then the in Fig. 10 achieved state shown.

In order to enable a displacement of the panel element 2 to be laid in the direction of arrow X, this is in the case of FIG. 10 shown embodiment to a small extent and in the Fig. 11 illustrated embodiment over virtually the entire length of the transverse edges 6, 7 required, between the spring 27 and the groove 21 on the one hand and / or between the locking cam 30 and the locking groove 25 defined free spaces 32, 33, 34 are provided. The free spaces 32, 33, 34 have a dimension of 0.01 mm and can be between 0.005 and 0.015 mm. Usually - ie in the prior art - are at the designated by the reference numerals 32, 33, 34 points of contact between the spring 27 and the groove 21 on the one hand and the locking cam 30 and the locking groove 25 on the other. By realizing the defined free spaces 32, 33, 34, in which the contact points omitted, the panel element 2 to be laid can be displaced with little effort in the direction of arrow x with simultaneous transverse edge joining. Moreover, it is due to the small length of the distance e and thus the proximity of the locking groove 25 to the outer end face 24 so that a comparatively low frictional resistance and otherwise no or at most a low torque in the horizontal displacement in the direction of the transverse contour, ie in the direction of arrow X results.

In the FIGS. 13 and 14 is shown in side view moving in the direction of arrow X. The panel element 2 is already transversely placed in this state. The horizontal displacement of the panel 2 to be laid in the direction of arrow X takes place until the locking cam 18 of the longitudinal edge 5 abuts against the front end face 35 of the lower groove cheek 9. In this state, the bottom 17 of the spring 15 on the support surface 36, which results from the comparatively large distance b, with some coverage of the bottom 17 and the support surface 16 safely. Incidentally, the latching area is slightly lowered relative to the support surface 36, so that there is no contact of the underside 17 in this area. The support thus takes place only in the region of the support surface 36.

For joining the longitudinal edges 4, 5, the panel element 2 to be laid is now raised. In this case, there is a pivoting about a support point of the spring 15 on the support surface 36. Since the panel element 2 to be laid is already transversely juxtaposed with the adjacent panel element 2 of the same row, in this lifting operation, the adjacent panel element 2 is also raised, as in Fig. 15 is shown. Depending on the length of the row already laid, this lifting will not be achieved by the weight of the board over the entire row. In this case, the longitudinal edge contour of the longitudinal edges 4, 5 is formed such that a longitudinal edge joining with a minimum bending angle β of 3 ° and a maximum joining angle β of 25 ° is possible. Within this range, each individual value is possible, even if this is not specified in detail. If the maximum joining angle exceeds 25 °, the already laid panel element 2 can be released again from the longitudinal edge profile. Of course, the Längskantenfügung can then be relatively easily restored, but this is associated with a complementary operation. Ideal is the lifting in the range of 4 ° to 20 ° to prevent the levering out of the already laid panel elements 2.

After lifting the panel element 2 to be laid, for example, at a joining angle of 10 °, this panel element 2 is inserted with its longitudinal edge 5 in the longitudinal edge 4 of the already laid row of panel elements 2, so that then gives the Längsskantenfügung. This joining condition is in Fig. 16 shown.

Finally, and this is in Fig. 17 shown lowered the panel element 2 to be laid, with a click, d. h, an insertion of the locking cam 18 in the locking groove 12, results. The panel element 2 to be laid is then located in the plane of the already laid panel elements 2.

In the FIGS. 18 to 22 the Längskantenfügung is again schematically shown as a section. In the FIGS. 18 to 22 the panel element 2 to be laid is shown on the left, while on the right a panel element 2 of the previous laying row is shown.

Fig. 18 illustrates the inclination of the panel element to be laid 2 at the angle of attachment α to the transverse edge joining. The panel element 2 is as close as possible to the in Fig. 18 On the right panel element 2 has been moved.

Subsequently, the panel element 2 to be laid is lowered and, if necessary, pushed up against the panel element 2. In this case then proposes the locking cam 18 on the end face 35 of the lower groove cheek 9. The spring 15 rests on the lower groove cheek 9, so that at this point a guide or pad into the groove 10 results. In the state according to Fig. 19 are the two panel elements 2 in a common plane, the laying plane, and lie on the substrate, not shown.

In Fig. 20 the lifting of the panel element 2 to be laid is shown below the joining angle β. After moving the panel element 2 to be laid, the spring 15 is pressed in the direction of arrow Y into the groove 10, while the locking cam 18 is moved over the inlet arch 13 in the direction of the latching groove 12. This is in Fig. 21 shown. Then, the panel element 2 to be laid is lowered, so that the in Fig. 22 shown state results. In this case, the locking cam 18 is in the locking groove 12, while the spring 15 is in the groove 10. Since no free spaces are provided in the area of the longitudinal edge contouring as in the case of the transverse edge contouring, a flat upper side results between the panel elements 2, in the installed state.

Due to the comparatively short spring 15 and the comparatively long groove cheek 9 results in a practically self-guiding pivoting movement, which favors the installation. At the same time results from the permanent edition the bottom 17 of the spring 15 on the support surface 36 an improved stability, which also contributes to improving the reliability.

The dismantling of already laid panel elements 2 takes place by lifting the last laid panel element or the last laid row of panel elements 2 and levering the longitudinal edge connection. Subsequently, the pivoting out of adjacent panel elements 2 can take place from the respective transverse edge connection.

Ultimately, the invention is characterized in that the laying of a covering can be carried out as a one-man assembly, since no pivoting of complete rows is required. Due to the longitudinal and transverse edge contouring, it is possible to work without tools, so that no damage is caused by mechanical effects. A use of a hammer, impact block, pull bar o. The like. Is not required. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES: </ b> 1 covering 27 feather 2 panel member 28 upper face 3 body 29 bottom 4 longitudinal edge 30 locking cams 5 longitudinal edge 31 gap 6 transverse edge 32 free space 7 transverse edge 33 free space 8th cheek 34 free space 9 cheek 35 face 10 groove 36 contact surface 11 bevel 12 locking groove 13 inlet bulge α locating angle 14 outer face β Include angle 15 feather 16 upper face X arrow 17 bottom Y arrow 18 locking cams 19 cheek 20 cheek a Got over 21 groove b distance 22 bevel c Got over 23 bevel d Got over 24 outer face e distance 25 locking groove f Got over 26 inlet bulge

Claims (15)

Method for laying a covering (1), in particular a floor, wall or ceiling covering, wherein the covering (1) comprises a plurality of interconnected panel elements (2), wherein the panel element (2) with a base body (3) with each other lying longitudinal edges (4, 5) and mutually opposite transverse edges (6, 7), wherein on one longitudinal edge (4) a Längskantennutkontur and on the other longitudinal edge (5) a corresponding longitudinal edge spring contour is provided, wherein at one transverse edge (6 ) a transverse edge groove contour and at the other transverse edge (7) a corresponding transverse edge spring contour is provided and wherein adjacent panel elements (2) at their adjacent longitudinal edges (4, 5) and their adjacent transverse edges (6, 7) are interconnected,
characterized by the following successive laying steps : a) to be laid panel element (2) with the transverse edge feather contour having transverse edge (7) to the transverse edge groove contour having transverse edge (6) of the last laid, already longitudinally edged panel element (2) obliquely attached, in particular inserted without tools and in the transverse edge-added state in the Lowered level of the last laid panel element (2) and / or with the transverse edge feather contour having transverse edge (7) in the Quererkantennutkontur having transverse edge (6) of the last laid panel element (2) in the plane of the last laid, already longskantengefügten panel element (2 ) inserted in particular without tools, b) the panel element (2) to be laid is raised at an attached transverse edge (7) for longitudinal edge joining to the Längskantennutkontur having longitudinal edge (4) of the last laid row of panel elements (2) at an angle between a minimum of 3 ° and a maximum of 25 ° the adjacent transverse and longitudinal edge-mounted adjacent panel element (2) of the same laying row is at least partially raised, c) the panel element (2) to be laid becomes with its longitudinal edge feather contour having longitudinal edge (5) in the Längskantennutkontur having longitudinal edge (4) of the last laid Paneelelementreihe preferably inserted without tools and then lowered. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment of the panel element to be laid (2) to the already laid panel element (2) for transverse edge joining with a mounting angle (α) of at least 3 ° and a maximum of 50 °. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the to be laid panel element (2) for transverse edge joining is set such that between the upper marginal edges of the longitudinal edges to be joined (4, 5) results in a gap (31) between 2 and 10 mm or in that the panel element (2) to be laid is displaced with its longitudinal edge (5) having the longitudinal edge feather contour to the longitudinal edge (4) of the already laid row of panel elements until a gap (31) of FIG 10 mm between the upper marginal edges of the longitudinal edges (4, 5). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement or displacement of the panel element (2) to be laid occurs in the transverse edge joining in the direction of the longitudinal edge (4) of the already laid panel element (2) in such a way that one on the spring (15) provided, underside latching projection (18) on the lower groove cheek (9) of the longitudinal edge (4) abuts. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring (15) of the longitudinal edge (5) rests on the lower groove cheek (9) of the longitudinal edge (4) after lowering of the panel element (2). Panel element (2) for a covering (1), in particular floor, wall or ceiling covering, wherein the covering (1) has a plurality of panel elements (2) connected to one another, preferably provided for laying according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the panel element (2) has a base body (3) with mutually opposite longitudinal edges (4, 5) and mutually opposite transverse edges (6, 7), wherein at one longitudinal edge (4) has a Längskantennutkontur with a Groove (10) and on the other longitudinal edge (5) is provided a corresponding Langskantenfederkontur with a spring (15), wherein at one transverse edge (6) a Querkante groove contour with a groove (21) and at the other transverse edge (7) has a corresponding Querkantenfederkontur with a spring (27) is provided, wherein the Längsskantennutkontur an upper shorter groove cheek (8) and a lower longer groove cheek (9), between which the groove (10) of the longitudinal edge (4) is located and wherein the transverse edge groove contour an upper shorter groove cheek (19) and a lower longer groove cheek (20), between which the groove (21) of the transverse edge (6) is located,
characterized,
that the ratio (a: c) of the supernatant (a) of the lower cheek of the groove (9) opposite the upper groove cheek (8) of the longitudinal edge (4) to the supernatant (c) of the spring (15) of the longitudinal edge (5) is between 1.5 and 3.1, preferably between 1.95 and 2.7, more preferably between 2.1 and 2.5 and in particular at least 2.3 and / or that the ratio (d: f) of the supernatant (d) of lower groove cheek (20) opposite the upper groove cheek (19) of the transverse edge (6) to the supernatant (f) of the spring (27) of the transverse edge (7) between 0.4 and 1.85, preferably between 0.6 and 1.5 , more preferably between 0.7 and 1.1 and in particular at least 0.9. Panel element according to claim 6, characterized in that on the upper side of the lower groove cheek (9) of the longitudinal edge (4) a latching groove (12) is provided that on the underside (17) of the spring (15) of the longitudinal edge (5) has a latching cam (18) is provided for engagement in the latching groove (12) and that the ratio (c: b) of the projection of the spring (15) of the longitudinal edge (5) to the distance of the end face (14) of the upper groove cheek (8) of the longitudinal edge ( 6) to the latching groove (12) of the longitudinal edge (6) is between 2.5 and 0.6, preferably between 1.7 and 0.8, more preferably between 1.25 and 1.0 and in particular at least 1.09. Panel element according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that on the upper side of the lower groove cheek (20) of the transverse edge (6) a latching groove (25) is provided that on the underside (29) of the spring (27) has a latching cam ( 30) is provided for engagement in the latching groove (25) and that the Ratio (f: e) of the projection (f) of the spring (27) of the transverse edge (7) to the distance (e) of the end face (24) of the upper groove cheek (19) of the transverse edge (6) to the locking groove (25) of the transverse edge ( 6) is between 15 and 25, preferably between 18 and 22, more preferably between 19 and 21 and in particular at least 20.3. Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the supernatant (a) of the lower groove cheek (9) relative to the upper Nutwage (8) of the longitudinal edge (4) between 4 and 8 mm, preferably between 5 and 7 mm, on preferably between 5.2 and 6.4 mm and in particular at least 5.83 mm, Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the distance (b) of the end face (14) of the upper groove cheek (8) of the longitudinal edge (4) to the locking groove (12) between 1.3 and 3.4 mm, preferably between 1.8 and 2.9 mm, more preferably between 2.0 and 2.7 mm and in particular at least 2.35 mm. Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the projection (c) of the spring (15) of the longitudinal edge (5) between 1.5 and 4 mm, preferably between 1.9 and 3.2 mm, more preferably between 2.2 and 2.9 mm and in particular at least 2.55 mm. Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the supernatant (d) of the lower groove cheek (20) opposite the upper groove cheek (19) of the transverse edge (6) between 2.0 to 4.6 mm, preferably between 2, 5 and 4.1 mm, more preferably between 2.9 and 3.9 mm and in particular at least 3.31 mm. Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized gekennzeichent that the distance (e) of the end face (24) of the upper groove cheek (19) of the transverse edge (6) to the locking groove (25) between 0.08 and 0.28 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 0.26 mm, more preferably between 0.15 and 0.21 mm and in particular at least 0.18 mm. Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the projection (f) of the spring (27) of the transverse edge (7) between 2.5 to 4.8 mm, preferably between 2.9 to 4.3 mm, on preferably between 3.3 to 4.0 mm and in particular at least 3.65 mm. Panel element according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that on opposite surfaces of the spring (27) and the groove (21) in the region of the transverse edge (6, 7) and / or the latching groove (25) and the latching cam (30). with replacement of contact surfaces non-contact free spaces (32, 33, 34) with a gap width in the range between 0.005 to 0.02 mm, in particular between 0.007 and 0.013 mm, more preferably between 0.008 and 0.012 mm and in particular provided at least 0.01 mm are.

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