EP2660393B1 - Shaft assembly and method for producing a shaft assembly - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shaft arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a shaft arrangement according to claim 15.

The well assembly includes a well cover frame and a well tube having a plastic, the well cover frame having a tubular insertion portion insertable into a first tube opening of the well tube.

Dewatering technology often uses such manhole arrangements. This is also the case, for example, in inspection shafts or inspection shafts and in the area of communication shafts. Common manhole assemblies include a manhole cover which is disposed in a manhole cover frame and terminates flush with the floor surface. In order to withstand the high exposure to weather and traffic, these components are usually at least partially made of cast iron manufactured. The manhole cover frame usually has a tubular approach, via which it is connected to a shaft pipe. For some time, the use of plastic manhole pipes has become increasingly important.

In the prior art, various methods for fixing the shaft pipe to the manhole cover frame are known. One possibility is the thermal shrinking of the plastic pipe onto an insertion section of the cast iron manhole cover frame. Here, the plastic pipe is widened at its end by heating and pushed onto the manhole cover frame. Upon cooling, the plastic tube shrinks, whereby the plastic tube is frictionally connected to the manhole cover frame. A disadvantage of this method of attachment is that the thermal process can not be performed on site. The shaft arrangement must therefore be preassembled at the factory. The shaft arrangement consisting of the plastic pipe and the cast-iron manhole cover frame must therefore always be transported as a unit to the construction site. Such an approach significantly restricts the process flexibility of production and logistics and also leads to high transport costs, because often pipe and frame come from different suppliers. The combination of tube and frame is relatively bulky and therefore expensive to transport.

In the DE 101 11 244 A1 a method for producing a channel member made of cast iron is described, wherein the channel member, which is for example a manhole cover frame with a tubular insertion portion to be made by sand casting by pouring a sand mold. At the introduction portion while radially outwardly projecting projections are provided. When attaching the shaft tube by means of thermal shrinkage, these projections should press into the plastic wall and thus additionally produce a connection by means of positive locking.

DE 20 008 820 U1 discloses a method of attaching a plastic pipe to a manhole cover frame in which the manhole pipe is secured by latching. With this solution, it is possible to deliver the manhole cover frame and pipe separately to the construction site. The disclosed well assembly includes a manhole cover, a well tube and a manhole cover frame. The manhole cover frame has a tubular insertion section that can be inserted into the opening of the manhole tube. On the shaft pipe inwardly projecting fasteners are formed, which when assembling the components with an axial support surface on the tubular Insertion section of the manhole cover frame can be engaged. As a result, the shaft arrangement can be assembled on the construction site. The disadvantage, however, is that the force is exerted relatively focused. The fastening means are not always optimally in abutment, since there is often movement play between manhole cover frame and shaft pipe. This can lead to material fatigue in the plastic pipe, which in the long term, the inwardly projecting fasteners can be destroyed, which significantly reduces the life of the shaft assembly. In addition, the production of locking means on the plastic pipe requires investment costs and increases the process costs of production.

Furthermore, it is off DE 10 2010 006 381 A1 a shaft arrangement with a manhole cover frame known, which can be locked with a shaft tube, wherein a first locking means on the shaft tube and a second locking means are arranged on the manhole cover frame. One of the latching means is designed as a latching projection and the other latching means as a latching opening. At the manhole cover frame, a tensioning means is additionally arranged, which leads to the insertion of the manhole cover frame in the manhole tube to such a deformation of the manhole tube, that the locking means are engaged with each other. Although such a shaft arrangement can be mounted on the construction site, wherein latching means designed as holes are less sensitive, nevertheless the production of these latching means in the plastic pipe requires additional steps and thus causes investment and process costs.

In this case, a game between the locking means can not be completely avoided. This game is required in order to bring the locking projection in a position in which he can engage in the locking opening. Accordingly, the manhole cover frame can be slightly moved relative to the shaft pipe, which in the long term can lead to a widening of the game and eventually to damage.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a shaft assembly available, which allows a location-independent assembly of the components while ensuring a long life of the shaft assembly. The shaft assembly should also be inexpensive to produce by simple means.

Main features of the invention are specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 and in claim 14. Embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 13.

At the introduction portion of the manhole frame at least one retaining projection is arranged, which is positively connected in the assembled state of the shaft assembly by plastic deformation of the shaft tube with the shaft tube.

By the retaining projection so a sink is impressed in the hitherto substantially smooth inner surface of the shaft tube, wherein the retaining projection completely into this Sink engages. This is a particularly solid, backlash-free connection is obtained even with vibrations and similar loads does not solve again. In the shaft tube itself no separate holding means that can interact with the holding projection, must be provided. Rather, the holding means is obtained by plastic deformation during assembly of the shaft tube assembly. As a shaft pipe, therefore, a simple, smooth-walled plastic pipe, which has, for example, PVC, can be used, which is deflected, for example, by a longer piece of pipe in the desired length. A post-processing of the plastic pipe is not required. This simplifies the production and stock keeping essential. In this case, when assembling manhole cover frame and manhole tube, it is not necessary to pay attention to a precise angular position between these two elements, since an alignment of the holding projection with respect to a holding means is eliminated. The assembly is therefore simpler and less prone to errors.

The holding projection may, for example, have a radial extension which corresponds to a material thickness of the shaft tube. As a result, a relatively large plastic deformation can take place, by which a secure hold is ensured.

Preferably, the retaining projection has a ramp surface and a retaining surface, wherein the ramp surface faces a free end of the insertion section and the ramp surface extends at a shallower angle to the insertion section than the retaining surface, which is in particular formed as an undercut. This ensures that the occurrence of forces against the insertion movement, the material of the shaft tube is compressed. The connection between plastic pipe and manhole cover frame solidifies with it. In this case, the retaining projection may be substantially inelastic, so that it is able to absorb relatively large forces. These are on the one hand to axial holding forces and the other to radial forces that are required for plastic deformation of the shaft tube.

Preferably, the retaining projection is formed integrally with the manhole cover frame. As a result, a very stable connection between retaining projection and manhole cover frame is obtained. A subsequent attachment of the retaining projection is not required, but it can be made in a process step simultaneously with the manhole cover frame.

Preferably, at least one tensioning means is arranged at the introduction section, which in the assembled state of the shaft arrangement elastically enlarges an inner cross section of the shaft pipe in the region of the tensioning means and elastically reduces it in the region of the retaining projection. The clamping means thus causes a deformation of the shaft tube such that the shaft tube is pressed radially onto the retaining projection and expands radially outward in a circumferential section spaced from the retaining projection. The clamping means is for example offset by 70 to 90 degrees relative to the retaining projection arranged on the introduction section. In this case, the clamping means may be formed integrally with the insertion portion in the form of a projection or be formed by an elliptical shape of the insertion portion. But it is also conceivable to provide the tensioning means as an additional element. The dimensions of the tensioning means and the retaining projection are selectable such that the insertion portion can be inserted with little effort into the first tube opening of the shaft tube, e.g. by the weight of the manhole cover frame and possibly plus a person weight. This allows for easy installation.

It is particularly preferred that the manhole cover frame is made of iron, in particular of cast iron. Iron and in particular cast iron is relatively easy to work and has a high load capacity. At the same time it is quite resistant to external influences. In particular, the casting projection and the clamping means can be produced relatively simply in the desired shape integrally with the manhole cover frame, in particular by means of casting methods, without increasing the production outlay.

Advantageously, the introduction section has at its free end a substantially circular radial outer diameter which is smaller than or equal to a substantially circular inner tube diameter of the tube opening in a pre-assembly state. The introduction section is thereby relatively easy to insert into the pipe opening of the manhole tube. Optionally, the insertion portion may have a taper, which further simplifies the insertion. The assembly effort is kept low.

Preferably, an outer diameter over the clamping means is greater than the inner tube diameter of the shaft pipe in the pre-assembled state. With Au ßendurchmesser while a distance between outer sides of the insertion portion and the clamping means is called. The introduction portion may have a deviating from the circular cross-section at the level of the clamping means. The clamping means need not have any moving elements but is, for example, as an increase in diameter or projection over a limited angular range formed. In this case, the tensioning means only comes into contact with the shaft pipe when the introduction portion is already inserted a little way into the shaft pipe. The deformation of the shaft tube is then caused by an adaptation of the shaft tube is forced to the different cross-sectional shape of the insertion portion in the region of the clamping means.

Preferably, an outer diameter over the first retaining projection is smaller than the inner tube diameter of the pipe opening in the pre-assembled state. The insertion section can thereby be introduced into the shaft pipe without the retaining projection slides along the shaft pipe. This allows insertion with relatively low forces. Only then by the clamping means of the retaining projection is brought into contact with the shaft tube and pressed against the inside of the shaft tube, so that the retaining projection imprints into the shaft pipe.

Advantageously, a distance between the retaining projection and the free end of the insertion portion is less than a distance between the clamping means and the free end. Thus, the retaining projection can be relatively far axially inserted into the pit tube before the clamping means is effective. The retaining projection then impresses into the shaft pipe at a relatively large distance from the pipe opening, so that sufficient material is present to ensure a stable connection.

In a preferred embodiment, the clamping means on a clamping surface, which protrudes from the free end of the insertion portion increasingly over the inner tube diameter of the plastic tube in the initial situation. The clamping surface is thus formed in the form of a ramp, which causes a continuous deformation of the shaft tube. The forming forces are kept low.

The introduction section preferably has an elliptical cross-section at least in sections, wherein the holding projection is arranged in the region of the smallest gradient of the ellipse. In the region of the retaining projection, the radius of curvature of the introduction section is therefore greatest. This is a relatively simple design to allow insertion of the insertion portion into the well tube, with the retention protrusion spaced from the well tube.

It is particularly preferred that the introduction section at least partially has a radially elliptical cross section and the clamping means in the region of the largest gradient the ellipse is formed. The clamping means is thus arranged in the region of the introduction section with the smallest radius of curvature and, for example, part of the wall. Upon insertion of the insertion portion, there is an elastic deformation of the shaft tube, wherein walls of the shaft tube in the region of the retaining projection to move toward each other until the retaining projection is impressed into the shaft pipe.

In a preferred embodiment, two holding projections are provided, which are arranged diametrically opposite to the outer circumference of the insertion portion. The retaining projections can be made the same, ie have the same geometry and include the same functional features. By the opposite arrangement of the holding projections a symmetrical force is obtained. This results in a secure hold of the introduction section within the shaft pipe.

It is particularly preferred that two clamping means are provided, which are arranged diametrically opposite to the outer circumference of the insertion portion. This results in a symmetrical deformation of the shaft pipe. A connecting line between the clamping means can then run perpendicular or at an angle between 45 and 90 degrees to a connecting line of the retaining projections. This ensures that the deformation of the shaft tube generated by the clamping means can be used for impressing the holding projections in the shaft tube. The clamping means can be designed the same, ie in particular have the same geometry and the same functional characteristics.

It is particularly preferred that an outer circumference of the insertion section corresponds to an inner circumference of the shaft tube. As a result, there is no expansion of the shaft tube, but only a deformation of the cross section on a part of the axial length of the shaft tube, for example, from a circular shape to an elliptical shape. The material loads are kept low.

Preferably, the manhole cover frame has a cover receptacle in or on which, in particular, a manhole cover is arranged. The manhole cover allows for relatively easy access to the manhole tube and, for example, can be pivotally attached to the manhole cover frame.

Preferably, opposite to the depression, a bulge is formed on the outer surface of the plastic pipe. Through the sink so no weakening of the Well shaft, but only a plastic deformation, which extends from the inside to the outer surface. The shaft tube thus retains its stability.

1. A) Verwenden eines Schachtrohres mit einer endseitigen ersten Rohröffnung, die in einer unmontierten Ausgangssituation einen im Wesentlichen runden Ausgangsquerschnitt hat,
2. B) Verwenden eines Schachtabdeckungsrahmens,
   1. a. der an einem Ende einen Einführungsabschnitt aufweist,
   2. b. wobei der Einführungsabschnitt am radialen Außenumfang mindestens ein Spannmittel und einen um 70 Grad bis 110 Grad verdreht zum ersten Spannmittel angeordneten ersten Haltevorsprung aufweist,
3. C) Einführen des Einführungsabschnitts des Schachtabdeckungsrahmens in die erste Rohröffnung des Kunststoffrohrs,
   1. i. unter elastischer Aufweitung des Ausgangsquerschnitts in einer radialen ersten Richtung über das erste Spannmittel,
   2. ii. unter elastischer Verjüngung des Ausgangsquerschnitts in einer winklig zur ersten Richtung ausgerichteten radialen zweiten Richtung über den Haltevorsprung, und
   3. iii. unter Ausprägen einer plastisch verformten Senke im Schachtrohr mittels des Haltevorsprungs, wobei der Haltevorsprung formschlüssig mit dem Schachtrohr verbunden wird.

The object is also achieved by a method for producing a shaft arrangement, which comprises the following steps:

1. A) using a shaft tube having an end-side first tube opening, which has a substantially round initial cross-section in an unmounted starting situation,
2. B) using a manhole cover frame,
   1. a. which has an insertion section at one end,
   2. b. wherein the insertion section has at least one tensioning means on the radial outer circumference and a first retaining protrusion twisted by 70 degrees to 110 degrees relative to the first tensioning means,
3. C) inserting the insertion section of the manhole cover frame into the first pipe opening of the plastic pipe,
   1. i. with elastic widening of the starting cross-section in a radial first direction via the first clamping means,
   2. ii. under elastic tapering of the starting cross-section in a radially to the first direction oriented radial second direction via the retaining projection, and
   3. iii. under the expression of a plastically deformed depression in the shaft pipe by means of the retaining projection, wherein the retaining projection is positively connected to the shaft pipe.

Due to the elastic widening of the output cross section of the shaft tube by the clamping means, a taper occurs in the region of the retaining projection. The retaining projection thereby impresses a depression in the hitherto smooth inner surface of the shaft pipe. This is a particularly solid, backlash-free connection is obtained even with vibrations and similar loads does not solve again. In the shaft tube itself no holding means that can counteract with the retaining projection, must be provided. Rather, the holding means is obtained by plastic deformation when mounting the shaft assembly. As a shaft pipe, therefore, a simple, smooth-walled plastic pipe, which has, for example PVC, are used, which is deflected for example by a longer piece of pipe in the desired length. A post-processing of the plastic pipe is not required. This greatly simplifies stockpiling. It is also not to pay attention to a precise angular position between these two elements when assembling manhole frame and manhole tube as a Aligning the holding projection with respect to a holding means is eliminated. The assembly is therefore very simple and not prone to error. Therefore, a location-independent assembly of the shaft assembly without any problems, especially without tools possible.

Fig. 1

eine Schachtanordnung in Schnittansicht,

Fig. 2

einen Schachtabdeckungsrahmen in räumlicher Darstellung und

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt der Schachtanordnung.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the wording of the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a shaft arrangement in sectional view,

Fig. 2

a manhole cover frame in spatial representation and

Fig. 3

a cross section of the shaft arrangement.

In Fig. 1 a shaft assembly 1 is shown in the assembled state, which has a shaft tube 10 and a manhole cover frame 20. In this case, the manhole cover frame 20 is inserted with an introduction section 22 into a first pipe opening 11 of the manhole tube 10. The shaft tube 10 is formed substantially cylindrical and has opposite to the first tube opening 11, a second tube opening 12.

The insertion section 22 is formed centrally on an underside of the manhole cover frame 20 and has a reduced diameter relative to the manhole cover frame 20 so that a peripheral shoulder 29 of the manhole cover frame 20 rests against an end face of the manhole tube 10. As a result, the ingress of dirt between manhole cover frame 20 and manhole tube 10 is made more difficult.

On an outer circumference 23 of the insertion portion 20 diametrically opposite two retaining projections 26, 27 are formed, which extend radially outward. The holding projections 26, 27 have thereby impressed into the shaft tube 10 and thereby causes a plastic deformation of the shaft tube such that in the shaft tube 10, two depressions 13, 14 are formed, into which the retaining projections 26, 27 engage positively. The holding projections 26, 27 keep the manhole cover frame 20 captive on the shaft pipe 10. In the area of the sinks 13, 14, a bulge 15, 16 has resulted from the plastic deformation. By the sinks 13, 14 so there is no weakening of the material of the shaft tube 10th

The retaining projections 26, 27 are formed with a ramp surface 30 and a holding surface in the form of an undercut 28. The ramp surface 30 is facing a free end 31 of the insertion portion 22 and allows easy sliding of the retaining projections 26, 27 during insertion into the shaft pipe 10th

At a top side facing away from the introduction section 22, the manhole cover frame 20 has a receptacle 21 for a manhole cover (not shown). The manhole cover can be received in the receptacle 21 in such a way that it is flush with the top of the manhole cover frame 20.

In Fig. 2 the manhole cover frame 20 is shown in a spatial representation. At the introduction portion 22, a clamping means 33 is formed in the form of an increase in diameter. This clamping means 33 causes during insertion of the insertion portion 22 into the shaft tube 10, a deformation of the shaft tube 10 radially outwards, so that the shaft tube 10 is deformed in the region of the holding means 26 radially inwardly. The length of an inner circumference of the shaft tube 10 remains unchanged, since it is exactly as long as the circumference of the insertion section over the or the clamping means 33rd

Diametrically opposite to the clamping means 33, a further clamping means is formed, which is not visible in this illustration. The clamping means 33, 35 and the retaining projections 26,27 are arranged at different axial heights at the insertion portion 22. As a result, the holding projections are already inserted a little way into the shaft tube 10, before a deformation of the shaft tube 10 by the clamping means 33, 35 and the holding projections 26, 27 are impressed into the shaft tube 10.

The tensioning means 33 has a clamping surface 34 which projects increasingly from the free end 31 in the direction of the upper side of the shaft cover frame 20. This embodiment causes during the insertion of the insertion portion 22 into the well pipe 10, a gradual expansion of the shaft tube 10th

In Fig. 3 is a cross section through the manhole cover assembly 1 at the level of the clamping means 33, 35 shown. The circular in the initial state cross section of the shaft tube 10 has been deformed by the clamping means 33, 35 in an ellipse shape. As a result, the holding means 26, 27, which are arranged in the region of the lowest gradient G _min , come into contact with the shaft tube 10 and can be molded into this. The clamping means 33, 35 are in the Range of the largest gradient G _max arranged. A connecting line 36 of the clamping means 33 is perpendicular to a connecting line 37 of the holding projections 26, 27. This results in a symmetrical elastic deformation of the shaft tube 10th

The shaft arrangement according to the invention enables a permanent connection between a manhole cover frame designed in particular as a cast frame and a manhole tube designed as a plastic pipe. The connection is easy and can be produced with little effort and it is a location-independent completion possible. No retaining means must be prefabricated on the shaft pipe. Rather, the connection is caused by elastic distortion of the manhole tube, caused by the shape of the insertion portion of the manhole cover frame or by means of tension of the manhole cover frame, and deformation of the manhole tube in the plastic region by the retaining projections formed on the insertion portion. This counteracts a release of the connection.

The retaining projections and the clamping means can be produced in the casting process of the manhole cover frame. In this case, the introduction section in the region of the clamping means may have an elliptical shape, the circumference of which corresponds to that of the shaft tube, which, unlike the introduction section, however, has a circular shape. The dimensions of the retaining projection are chosen so that the manhole cover frame can be inserted with little effort in the shaft pipe. While the manhole cover frame is brought to the end position, that is, the insertion portion is axially inserted into the manhole tube, the manhole tube is deformed in sections by the clamping means in an ellipse shape, wherein the deformation is in the elastic range. As a result of the deformation, such a pressure is exerted on the holding projections, which are offset by approximately 90 degrees with respect to the clamping means, such that they penetrate into the shaft tube and thereby deform it plastically. If forces occur in opposition to the insertion movement, the material of the shaft pipe continues to buckle and thus solidifies the connection between the shaft pipe and manhole cover frame. A mechanical machining of the manhole cover frame for locking is not required.

The invention is not limited to one of the above-described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways. For example, the number of clamping means and / or the retaining projections can be varied.

All of the claims, the description and the drawings resulting features and advantages, including design details, spatial arrangements and method steps may be essential to the invention both in itself and in various combinations. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> 1 shaft arrangement 25 clamping means 26 retaining projection 27 retaining projection 10 manhole pipe 28 undercut 11 first pipe opening 29 shoulder 12 second pipe opening 30 ramp surface 13 depression 31 free end 14 sink 33 clamping means 15 bulge 34 clamping surface 16 bulge 35 clamping means 36 Connecting line clamping device 20 Manhole cover frame 37 Connecting line Holding projections 21 cover recording 22 introduction section G _min smallest gradient 23 outer periphery G _max largest gradient 24 clamping means

Claims (14)

1. Shaft arrangement (1) having a shaft covering frame (20) and a shaft tube (10) made of a synthetic material, wherein the shaft covering frame (20) has a tubular insertion section (22), which can be inserted into a first tube opening (11) of the shaft tube (10), characterised in that at least one clamping means (33, 35) is arranged on the insertion section (22), which clamping means elastically enlarges an inner cross-section of the shaft tube (10) in the region of the clamping means (33, 35), and elastically reduces this in the region of the retaining projection (26, 27), when the shaft arrangement (1) is in the assembled state, wherein the retaining projection (26) is moulded into an inner surface of the shaft tube (10) and in the assembled state is connected positively to the shaft tube (10) by plastic deformation of the shaft tube (10).
2. Shaft arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining projection (26, 27) has a run-on surface (30) and a retaining surface (28), wherein the run-on surface (30) faces a free end of the insertion section (22) and the run-on surface (30) extends at a shallower angle to the insertion section (22) than the retaining surface (28), which is in particular formed as an undercut.
3. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining projection (26, 27) is formed integrally with the shaft covering frame (20).
4. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shaft covering frame (20) is made of iron, in particular cast iron.
5. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insertion section (22) has a substantially circular radial external diameter at its free end (31) which is less than or equal to a substantially circular inner tube diameter of the tube opening (11) in a pre-assembled state.
6. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an external diameter over the clamping means (33, 35) is greater than the inner tube diameter of the shaft tube in the pre-assembled state.
7. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an external diameter over the first retaining projection (26, 27) is smaller than the inner pipe diameter of the tube opening (11) in the pre-assembled state.
8. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a distance between the retaining projection (26, 27) and the free end (31) of the insertion section (22) is less than between the clamping means (33, 35) and the free end (31).
9. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the clamping means (33) has a clamping surface (34), which projects from the free end (31) of the insertion section (22) increasing over the inner tube diameter of the shaft tube (10) in the starting position.
10. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insertion section (22) has a radially elliptical cross section at least in sections and the retaining projection (26, 27) is arranged in the region of the smallest gradient (G_min) of the ellipse.
11. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the insertion section (22) has a radially elliptical cross section at least in sections and the clamping means (33, 35) is formed in the region of the largest gradient (G_max) of the ellipse.
12. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two holding projections (26, 27) are provided, which are arranged diametrically opposite each other on the outer circumference (23) of the insertion section (22).
13. Shaft arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two clamping means (33, 35) are provided, which are arranged diametrically opposite each other on the outer circumference (23) of the insertion section (22).
14. Method for producing a shaft arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the following steps:

    A) Use of a shaft tube (10) with an end-side first tube opening (11), which has a substantially round starting cross section in an unassembled starting position,

    B) Use of a shaft covering frame (20),

    a. which has an insertion section (22) at one end,

    b. wherein the insertion section (22) has at least one clamping means (33, 35) on the radial outer circumference (23) and a first retaining projection (26, 27) arranged rotated at between 70 degrees and 110 degrees to the first clamping means (33, 35),

    C) Insertion of the insertion section (22) of the shaft covering frame (20) into the first tube opening (11) of the plastic pipe (10),

    i. by the starting cross section being elastically widened in a radial first direction (R1) over the first clamping means (33, 35),

    ii. by the starting cross section being elastically narrowed in a radial second direction (R2) oriented at an angle to the first direction (R1) over the retaining means (26, 27), and

    iii. by the formation of a plastically deformed depression (13) in the shaft tube (10) by means of the first retaining projection (26, 27), wherein the retaining projection (26, 27) is positively connected to the shaft tube (10).

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