EP2654045A2 - Röntgenteleskop - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2654045A2
EP2654045A2 EP13161913.2A EP13161913A EP2654045A2 EP 2654045 A2 EP2654045 A2 EP 2654045A2 EP 13161913 A EP13161913 A EP 13161913A EP 2654045 A2 EP2654045 A2 EP 2654045A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monocrystalline
strip
parabolic
distance
ray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13161913.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2654045A3 (de
Inventor
Goce Chadzitaskos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Czech Technical University In Prague
Original Assignee
Czech Technical University In Prague
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Czech Technical University In Prague filed Critical Czech Technical University In Prague
Publication of EP2654045A2 publication Critical patent/EP2654045A2/de
Publication of EP2654045A3 publication Critical patent/EP2654045A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/06—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K2201/00—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles
    • G21K2201/06—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements
    • G21K2201/062—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements the element being a crystal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K2201/00—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles
    • G21K2201/06—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements
    • G21K2201/064—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements having a curved surface

Definitions

  • Presented solution deals with an X-ray telescope for objects imaging in monochromatic X-ray radiation.
  • X-ray radiation means an electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than 10 nm.
  • the X-ray telescopy still uses as lenses mainly combinations of hyperboloid of revolution with paraboloid of revolution, which exploits two total reflections of rays under small angles resulting from the fact that refractive index on metals for these rays is less than one.
  • Wolter telescopes There are three types of Wolter telescopes, the first two ones are various set-ups of hyperboloid and paraboloid and the third one is a combination of ellipsoid of revolution and paraboloid of revolution.
  • Another principle used for construction of X-ray telescopes is the X-ray radiation collimation by a number of parallel direct channels in absorption material, through which the radiation passes, while they determine the direction, from which the incidenting radiation is detected.
  • lobster's eye either one-dimensional, or two-dimensional. It works again on the principle of full reflection of the X-ray radiation from the system of thin plates bent into a parabolic strip, which reflect the radiation into a single line.
  • Two-dimensional lobster's eye is a combination of two one-dimensional, mutually perpendicular systems, which reflect the radiation into a point.
  • the Kirkpatrick-Baez telescope which is formed by two mutually perpendicular parabolic mirrors where the first one displays the object into a line and the other to a point. Again, due to small incidence angle, the telescope consists of many layers with common focus.
  • Mutual distance between the atomic planes of given monocrystalline plate, marked with letter d, is variable in such a way that the shortest distance d 0 is at the ends located closer to the vertex line of the parabolic strip in the point x min and the longest distance d max is at the ends located farther from the vertex line of the parabolic strip in the point x max .
  • the parabolic strip is formed by monocrystalline plates of monocrystal of one kind.
  • the parabolic strip may consist of monocrystalline plates of at least two kinds of monocrystals. Also possible is the embodiment where between the monocrystalline plates are gaps.
  • Monocrystalline plates may also be made of monocrystals, the surface of which is parallel with different atomic planes.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that it displays monochromatic X-ray radiation with wavelength ⁇ to the focal line and for displaying it can exploit maximum surface area of the parabolic strip, which means that the area, which is blind and non-reflecting, can be reduced by selection of materials in theory arbitrarily.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of the parabolic strip formed by bent plates of different monocrystals.
  • Fig. 2 shows the vertex and focal lines and the rays coming from a distant source, which reflect themselves from any point at each monocrystalline plate to the line in focus of the parabolic strip.
  • Fig. 3 shows a section view of individual monocrystalline plates in the parabolic strip located between the coordinates x min and x max .
  • Fig. 4 shows a single plate from the strip with indicated atomic planes.
  • X-ray telescope is formed by thin rectangular plates with atomic planes 5 parallel with the surface of monocrystals. These plates are bent and arranged next to each other in such a way that they create parts of the parabolic strip, as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the parabolic strip is formed by two kinds of monocrystalline little plates 1 and 2 , which alternate in such a way that after each plate 1 , 2 get warmed up in various points to the temperature determined by the equation (3) defined hereinbelow, they at all points fulfill the Bragg condition for reflection of the X-ray radiation to the focal line F of the parabolic strip.
  • Monocrystalline plates are fixed on their sides in two holders 3 with parallel orientation, which ensure the parabolic geometry of the strip.
  • Fig. 2 shows separate X-ray rays 4 , which reflect from the monocrystalline plates of the parabolic strip to the focal line F of the parabolic strip.
  • X-ray rays 4 coming from a distant object are reflected to the focal line F where constructive interference occurs.
  • the strip may be composed of one kind of monocrystal, broken by spaces of gaps between them, or advantageously the strip can consist of plates of at least two kinds of monocrystals, here two kinds of monocrystalline plates 1 and 2 are described, and the gaps can be reduced or excluded, possibly combined with monocrystals with surfaces parallel with different atomic planes 5 . This will ensure that the radiation of given wavelength from a distant source is reflected to the focal line F of the parabolic strip.
  • Change of distance between the atomic planes 5 in the monocrystalline plate can be created by changing the concentration of admixtures or by different thermal expansion caused by uneven heat distribution in various places of the monocrystalline plate.
  • the temperatures along the strip are varied, it is possible, within limited extent, to change also the measured wavelength by changing the temperature course in different places of the monocrystalline plates and in different places along the strip.
  • the distance between the planes of the monocrystalline plate is d and it is variable in such a way that the shortest distance d 0 is closer to the vertex line V of the parabolic strip and the longest distance d max is at the farther end of the monocrystalline plate from the vertex line V of the parabolic strip.
  • Fig. 4 One bent monocrystalline plate in the parabolic strip with indicated atomic planes 5 and with indicated distances between separate atomic planes 5 , which vary from d 0 to d max , is shown in Fig. 4 .
  • n a natural number, which determines the number of wavelengths belonging to the difference of the ray travel distances when reflecting from two neighbouring atomic planes 5
  • p is double the distance of the focal line F from the vertex line V of the parabolic strip.
  • d d 0 ⁇ 1 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ T , where ⁇ is the thermal expansion factor of given monocrystalline plate in direction perpendicular to this monocrystalline plate and ⁇ T is the temperature difference between places on the monocrystalline plate with coordinates x and x min .
  • T x T x min + 1 ⁇ ⁇ n ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ p ⁇ d 0 ⁇ x 2 + p 2 - 1 , where d 0 is the distance between the neighboring atomic planes 5 at point x min , i.e. on the edge of the monocrystalline plate closer to the vertex line V of the parabolic strip.
  • This X-ray telescope can be exploited in particular in the X-ray telescopy to focus the monochromatic radiation into a line segment.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
EP13161913.2A 2012-04-17 2013-04-02 Röntgenteleskop Withdrawn EP2654045A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ20120265A CZ2012265A3 (cs) 2012-04-17 2012-04-17 Rentgenový teleskop

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2654045A2 true EP2654045A2 (de) 2013-10-23
EP2654045A3 EP2654045A3 (de) 2017-01-25

Family

ID=47998317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13161913.2A Withdrawn EP2654045A3 (de) 2012-04-17 2013-04-02 Röntgenteleskop

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2654045A3 (de)
CZ (1) CZ2012265A3 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084089A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-04-11 North American Philips Corporation Long wave-length X-ray diffraction crystal and method of manufacturing the same
US5923720A (en) * 1997-06-17 1999-07-13 Molecular Metrology, Inc. Angle dispersive x-ray spectrometer
US6317483B1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2001-11-13 X-Ray Optical Systems, Inc. Doubly curved optical device with graded atomic planes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ303940B6 (cs) 2013-07-03
CZ2012265A3 (cs) 2013-07-03
EP2654045A3 (de) 2017-01-25

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