EP2650394B1 - Platinum alloy and jewellery object produced using said platinum alloy - Google Patents

Platinum alloy and jewellery object produced using said platinum alloy Download PDF

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EP2650394B1
EP2650394B1 EP13001842.7A EP13001842A EP2650394B1 EP 2650394 B1 EP2650394 B1 EP 2650394B1 EP 13001842 A EP13001842 A EP 13001842A EP 2650394 B1 EP2650394 B1 EP 2650394B1
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platinum
weight
gold
platinum alloy
alloy
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2650394A1 (en
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Thomas Laag
Heinz-Günter Schenzel
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C Hafner GmbH and Co KG
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C Hafner GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE201220003711 external-priority patent/DE202012003711U1/en
Priority claimed from DE201210007299 external-priority patent/DE102012007299A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
    • A44C27/002—Metallic materials
    • A44C27/003—Metallic alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a platinum alloy containing between 93 and 97 wt .-% platinum and gold, as well as an article made from this platinum alloy jewelery.
  • Such a platinum alloy is in the US 4,165,983 and in the belonging to the patent family of the aforementioned patent right DE 28 07 587 described.
  • These references disclose an at least three-component platinum alloy having a platinum content of at least apart from impurities 95 wt .-%, wherein 1.5 to 3.5 wt .-% gallium and to compensate for 100 wt.% Of at least one of the metals gold or indium, palladium, silver, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, iridium and rhodium are provided.
  • the aforementioned compensating metals are present in the known platinum alloy in a proportion of 2 to 3 wt .-%, so that when using gold as a compensating metal, the known platinum alloy contains 2 to 3 wt .-% gold.
  • This platinum alloy is based on the finding that one arrives at a platinum alloy with a minimum platinum content of 95% by weight, which nevertheless can be cast more easily than pure platinum, if the at least 95% by weight platinum 1.5 up to 3.5% by weight of gallium and at least one more of the aforementioned compensating metals.
  • a platinum alloy which has a platinum content of at least 95% by weight, apart from impurities, and gallium in an amount of from 1.5 to 3.5% by weight. It is further provided that to compensate for the aforementioned shares to 100 wt .-% of at least one of the metals indium, gold, palladium, silver, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, iridium and rhodium is provided.
  • Such an alloy is said to be suitable for the manufacture of platinum jewelery and to meet the requirements of the London Goldsmiths Guild and yet shed more easily than pure platinum as a result of the use of gallium, the melting point of the alloy being substantially below the melting point of pure platinum lies.
  • a disadvantage of these known platinum alloys is that although gallium has low, but certainly not negligible toxic properties.
  • the use of such a gallium-containing alloy for an application in the jewelry industry is therefore considered by today's standards - especially in terms of bio-compatibility - unsatisfactory.
  • gallium has a disadvantageous high oxygen affinity, which may have negative effects in a casting process.
  • they tend gallium-containing platinum alloys in a heat treatment to embrittlement.
  • the JP 6118639 describes a combination of platinum with palladium and copper as well as tungsten or molybdenum.
  • the JP 61034133 discloses an alloy with platinum-cobalt copper and other additives.
  • JP 61272333 is disclosed a platinum-cobalt alloy with additions of tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, palladium, zinc or iron
  • the JP 02043332 describes a platinum-palladium-rhenium alloy with additions of nickel, iron and cobalt.
  • JP 61281843 is described a platinum alloy with iron and copper and the EP 1 254 964 describes an alloy platinum-iron with additions of ruthenium and / or iridium.
  • a platinum alloy that has high strength and high hardness. It is made by adding indium in a proportion of 0.2-12% by weight to a platinum alloy, the pure platinum and one or more constituents consisting of 1-14.5% by weight of palladium, 0.5-14% by weight of rhodium, 1-14% by weight of iridium, 0.5-14% by weight of ruthenium, 1-14% by weight of gold and 1-14% by weight of copper are selected , having.
  • the object is achieved in that the gold content is between 1 to 4 wt .-%, and that the alloy further 1 to 4 Ges .-% In-dium and as grain fine iridium and / or ruthenium in a proportion of up to 3% by weight, with the grain refiner replacing the corresponding fraction of gold, with the proportions of platinum, indium, gold and iridium and / or ruthenium, apart from impurities, supplementing to 100% by weight.
  • the platinum alloy according to the invention is characterized by a high strength, a low melting interval and a good chemical stability. Surprisingly, it has been found that the combination of platinum with indium and gold lowers the melting interval of the platinum alloy according to the invention, improves the hardness and increases the noble character of the platinum alloy according to the invention.
  • the comparatively low melting interval of the platinum alloy according to the invention leaves sufficient freedom for a casting process to vary the melting temperature, so that the platinum alloy according to the invention is particularly suitable for jewelery casting.
  • the platinum alloy according to the invention is likewise very well suited for semifinished product production in a special manner their high strengths coincide with a good formability, so that the semifinished products produced from the platinum alloy according to the invention can be easily edited later with a CNC machine.
  • the alloy according to the invention has a grain refiner with a content of up to 3% by weight, the grain refiner replacing the corresponding amount of gold.
  • iridium and / or ruthenium is used as the grain finer.
  • the platinum alloy contains, as a grain refiner, between 0.1 and 2.1% by weight of iridium and / or 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of ruthenium.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the platinum alloy contains 95 to 96 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 3 wt .-% gold and 2 to 3 wt .-% indium.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the alloy 95 to 95.3 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 2.2 wt .-% gold and 2.5 to 3 wt .-% indium and 0.1 to 0 Contains 3 wt .-% iridium.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the platinum alloy that the alloy 95 to 95.3 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 2 wt .-% gold, 2.5 to 3 wt .-% indium and 0.5 to 1 wt .-% Ruthenium contains.
  • a first embodiment of the platinum alloy described has 95, 2 wt .-% platinum, 2 wt .-% gold, 2.7 wt .-% indium and 0.1 wt .-% iridium.
  • a second embodiment of the described platinum alloy provides that it comprises 95% by weight of platinum, 2.2% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of iridium.
  • a third embodiment provides that the alloy comprises 95% by weight of platinum, 2% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 3% by weight of iridium.
  • the fourth embodiment of the described platinum-gold alloy has a composition of 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.3% by weight of indium, 0.5% by weight of iridium.
  • a fifth embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of iridium.
  • a sixth embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.6% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 5% by weight of ruthenium.
  • a seventh embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of ruthenium.
  • An eighth embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.3% by weight of platinum, 1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of ruthenium.
  • a ninth exemplary embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.3% by weight of platinum, 1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of iridium.
  • the described properties not only occur in the aforementioned embodiments, but that the platinum, gold and indium content can be varied within certain limits.
  • Characteristic of the described alloys is a platinum content of 93 to 97 wt .-%, a gold content of 1 to 4 wt .-% and an indium content of 1 to 4 wt .-%, wherein the proportions of platinum, Indium and gold, with the exception of impurities, add up to 100% by weight. It is preferred that the platinum alloy contain 95 to 96% by weight of platinum, 1 to 3% by weight of gold and 2 to 3% by weight of indium.
  • the platinum alloy 95 to 95.3 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 2.2 wt .-% gold, 2.5 to 3 wt .-% indium and 0.1 to 0.3 wt. Contains% iridium. It is further preferred that the platinum alloy contains 95 to 95.3% by weight of platinum, 1 to 2% by weight of gold, 2.5 to 3% by weight of indium and 0.5 to 1% by weight of ruthenium. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the aforementioned intervals are not to be understood as rigid intervals, but rather that all intermediate values and combinations of values which fall within the aforementioned intervals should also be included in the application.
  • the platinum alloys described contain at least one grain refiner in a proportion of up to 3% by weight, preferably iridium and / or ruthenium, the proportion of iridium being between 0.1 and 2.1% by weight and / or that of Ruthenium is between 0.5 to 1 wt .-%.
  • the proportion of grain refiner (s) then preferably replaces the corresponding amount of gold.
  • FIG. 1 is now an a * / b * -diagram, which contains the values measured in the L * a * b * color space.
  • the L * a * b color space is a measurement space in which all perceptible Colors are included, where L * stands for the brightness, a * for green-red and b * for yellow-blue.
  • the measurements given here were carried out according to the standard conditions defined in DIN 5033. For comparison, the corresponding values of the following standard platinum alloys were also measured:
  • a Pt950CuGa alloy contains 95.1 wt% platinum, 2.1 wt% gold, 2.8 wt% gallium, a Pt950Cu alloy contains 95 wt% platinum and 5 wt% copper , a Pt950Co alloy contains 95% by weight and 5% by weight of cobalt, and a Pt950Ru alloy contains 95% by weight of platinum and 5% by weight of ruthenium. Furthermore, the corresponding values for rhodium-plated white gold, palladium 950 and silver Ag 935, ie the most common silver alloy, were determined.
  • FIG. 1 now shows the a * / b * diagram of the platinum alloy described in comparison, wherein the first embodiment of the described platinum alloys in the diagram of FIG. 1 with the Pt950Auln1, and the second and the third embodiment with Pt950Auln2 and Pt950Auln3 were called.
  • the group formed by the described platinum alloys differs markedly in the aforementioned diagram from the standard platinum alloys described above. Noteworthy is the negative a * value of the platinum-gold-indium alloys described, while all other alloys tested have a neutral or positive a * value. In addition, the b * values of the described alloys are all smaller than 5, the yellow component is then low.
  • the measured L *, a * and b * values are shown in the table FIG. 2 summarized.
  • the yellowness index YI included.
  • the color impression of the alloys described is thus comparable to that of a galvanic rhodium layer.
  • the alloy according to the first embodiment has a hardness in HV of 160, that of the fourth embodiment has a hardness of 165 HV, that of the fifth embodiment of 155 HV, that of the sixth embodiment of 168 HV and that of the seventh embodiment of 171 HV.
  • alloys containing ruthenium according to the sixth exemplary embodiment are significantly higher Hardness, so that by the use of ruthenium about 170 HV is possible.
  • Another advantage of the described alloy is that it does not harden. This is especially for the casting or the heat treatment such. As soldering during the processing process important, since this undesirable embrittlement occur.
  • the solidus temperature of the described alloys is about 1,632 ° C, the liquidus temperature at about 1,657 ° C.
  • This comparatively low melting interval advantageously allows sufficient freedom for the casting process to vary the melting temperature.
  • the casting trials with the described alloys have yielded good to very good results, the tendency for porosity is less pronounced than in known platinum alloys and crucible or embedding mass reactions were not observed.
  • the alloys described are characterized by a high chemical stability also due to their high precious metal content.
  • alloys are well suited for semis production, in particular for the subsequent CNC machining, since high strengths combine with good deformability.
  • the described platinum alloys have good color and mechanical properties despite the avoidance of toxically dubious gallium and are characterized by a low melting point and good mechanical processing qualities.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Platinlegierung, die zwischen 93 und 97 Gew.-% Platin und Gold enthält, sowie ein aus dieser Platinlegierung hergestellter Schmuckgegenstand.The invention relates to a platinum alloy containing between 93 and 97 wt .-% platinum and gold, as well as an article made from this platinum alloy jewelery.

Eine derartige Platinlegierung ist in der US 4,165,983 sowie in der zu der Patentfamilie des vorgenannten Schutzrechtes gehörigen DE 28 07 587 beschrieben. Diese Druckschriften offenbaren eine mindestens dreikomponentige Platinlegierung mit einem Platingehalt von - von Verunreinigungen abgesehen - mindestens 95 Gew.-%, wobei 1,5 bis 3,5 Gew.-% Gallium und zum Ausgleich auf 100 Gew.% mindestens eines der Metalle Gold oder Indium, Palladium, Silber, Kupfer, Kobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Iridium und Rhodium vorgesehen sind. Die vorgenannten Ausgleichsmetalle liegen bei der bekannten Platinlegierung in einem Anteil von 2 bis 3 Gew.-% vor, so dass bei einer Verwendung von Gold als Ausgleichsmetall die bekannte Platinlegierung 2 bis 3 Gew.-% Gold enthält. Dieser Platinlegierung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass man zu einer Platinlegierung mit einem Mindest-Platingehalt von 95 Gew.-%, die sich trotzdem leichter vergießen lässt als reines Platin, gelangt, wenn man zu den mindestens 95 Gew.-% Platin 1,5 bis 3,5 Gew.-% Gallium und mindestens ein weiteres der vorgenannten Ausgleichsmetalle hinzufügt.Such a platinum alloy is in the US 4,165,983 and in the belonging to the patent family of the aforementioned patent right DE 28 07 587 described. These references disclose an at least three-component platinum alloy having a platinum content of at least apart from impurities 95 wt .-%, wherein 1.5 to 3.5 wt .-% gallium and to compensate for 100 wt.% Of at least one of the metals gold or indium, palladium, silver, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, iridium and rhodium are provided. The aforementioned compensating metals are present in the known platinum alloy in a proportion of 2 to 3 wt .-%, so that when using gold as a compensating metal, the known platinum alloy contains 2 to 3 wt .-% gold. This platinum alloy is based on the finding that one arrives at a platinum alloy with a minimum platinum content of 95% by weight, which nevertheless can be cast more easily than pure platinum, if the at least 95% by weight platinum 1.5 up to 3.5% by weight of gallium and at least one more of the aforementioned compensating metals.

Aus der DE 28 07 587 A1 ist eine Platinlegierung bekannt, die einen Platingehalt von - von Verunreinigungen abgesehen - mindestens 95 Gew.-% und Gallium mit einem Anteil von 1,5 bis 3,5 Gew.-% enthält. Des weiteren ist vorgesehen, dass zum Ausgleich der vorgenannten Anteile auf 100 Gew.-% mindestens eines der Metalle Indium, Gold, Palladium, Silber, Kupfer, Kobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Iridium und Rhodium vorgesehen ist. Eine derartige Legierung soll sich zur Herstellung von Platinschmuckstücken eignen und den Erfordernissen der Londoner Goldschmiede-Innung genügen und sich trotzdem leichter vergießen lassen als reines Platin, und zwar als Folge davon, dass infolge der Verwendung von Gallium der Schmelzpunkt der Legierung wesentlich unter dem Schmelzpunkt von reinem Platin liegt.From the DE 28 07 587 A1 For example, a platinum alloy is known which has a platinum content of at least 95% by weight, apart from impurities, and gallium in an amount of from 1.5 to 3.5% by weight. It is further provided that to compensate for the aforementioned shares to 100 wt .-% of at least one of the metals indium, gold, palladium, silver, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, iridium and rhodium is provided. Such an alloy is said to be suitable for the manufacture of platinum jewelery and to meet the requirements of the London Goldsmiths Guild and yet shed more easily than pure platinum as a result of the use of gallium, the melting point of the alloy being substantially below the melting point of pure platinum lies.

Nachteilig an diesen bekannten Platinlegierungen ist, dass Gallium zwar geringe, aber durchaus nicht zu vernachlässigende toxische Eigenschaften besitzt. Die Verwendung einer derartigen Gallium enthaltende Legierung für eine Anwendung in der Schmuckindustrie wird daher nach heutigen Maßstäben - insbesondere hinsichtlich der Bio-Verträglichkeit - als unbefriedigend angesehen. Außerdem besitzt Gallium in nachteiliger Art und Weise eine hohe Sauerstoffaffinität, was negative Auswirkungen bei einem Gießprozess haben kann. Des weiteren neigen galliumhaltige Platinlegierungen bei einer Wärmebehandlung zu einer Versprödung.A disadvantage of these known platinum alloys is that although gallium has low, but certainly not negligible toxic properties. The use of such a gallium-containing alloy for an application in the jewelry industry is therefore considered by today's standards - especially in terms of bio-compatibility - unsatisfactory. In addition, gallium has a disadvantageous high oxygen affinity, which may have negative effects in a casting process. Furthermore, they tend gallium-containing platinum alloys in a heat treatment to embrittlement.

In der Schmuckindustrie wird üblicherweise sogenanntes Juwelierplatin, also eine Platinlegierung mit mindestens 95 Gew.-%, insbesondere zur Herstellung von besonders wertvollen Schmuckstücken, verwendet. Reines Platin ist zu weich für die Verwendung in der Schmuckindustrie, außerdem ist der hohe Schmelzpunkt von reinem Platin hinderlich für dessen Verarbeitung. Zur Herstellung des besser verarbeitbarem Juwelierplatins werden daher die Eigenschaften des reinen Platins diesbezüglich verbessernde Zusatzstoffe hinzugefügt: Die JP 6118639 beschreibt eine Kombination von Platin mit Palladium und Kupfer sowie Wolfram oder Molybdän. Die JP 61034133 offenbart eine Legierung mit Platin-Kobalt-Kupfer sowie weiterer Zusätze. In der JP 61272333 ist eine Platin-Kobalt-Legierung mit Zusätzen von Wolfram, Molybdän, Titan, Palladium, Zink oder Eisen offenbart, Die JP 02043332 beschreibt eine Platin-Palladium-Rhenium-Legierung mit Zusätzen von Nickel, Eisen und Kobalt. In der JP 61281843 wird eine Platin-Legierung mit Eisen und Kupfer beschrieben und die EP 1 254 964 beschreibt eine Legierung Platin-Eisen mit Zusätzen von Ruthenium und/oder Iridium.In the jewelry industry usually so-called jewelry platinum, so a platinum alloy with at least 95 wt .-%, in particular for the production of particularly valuable pieces of jewelry used. Pure platinum is too soft for use in the jewelery industry and the high melting point of pure platinum is a hindrance to its processing. For the production of the better processable jeweler board, therefore, the properties of the pure platinum in this respects improving additives are added: The JP 6118639 describes a combination of platinum with palladium and copper as well as tungsten or molybdenum. The JP 61034133 discloses an alloy with platinum-cobalt copper and other additives. In the JP 61272333 is disclosed a platinum-cobalt alloy with additions of tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, palladium, zinc or iron, The JP 02043332 describes a platinum-palladium-rhenium alloy with additions of nickel, iron and cobalt. In the JP 61281843 is described a platinum alloy with iron and copper and the EP 1 254 964 describes an alloy platinum-iron with additions of ruthenium and / or iridium.

Das Ziel sämtlicher vorgenannter Legierungen ist eine Absenkung der Schmelztemperatur des Platins zur besseren Nutzung im Schmuckguss sowie eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Festigkeit. Dabei soll der edle Charakter des Platin nicht beeinträchtigt und die gute mechanische Verarbeitbarkeit erhalten bleiben,The goal of all the above alloys is to lower the melting temperature of the platinum for better use in jewelery casting and to improve the mechanical strength. It should not affect the noble character of platinum and maintain the good mechanical processability,

Aus der JP 2005 029879 A ist eine Platin-Legierung bekannt, die eine hohe Stärke und eine hohe Härtigkeit aufweist. Sie wird dadurch hergestellt, indem Indium in einem Anteil von 0,2-12 Gew.-% zu einer Platin-Legierung zugefügt wird, die reines Platin sowie ein oder mehrere Bestandteile, die aus 1-14,5 Gew.-% Palladium, 0,5-14 Gew.-% Rhodium, 1-14 Gew.-% Iridium, 0,5-14 Gew.-% Ruthenium, 1-14 Gew.-% Gold und 1-14 Gew.-% Kupfer ausgewählt werden, aufweist.From the JP 2005 029879 A For example, a platinum alloy is known that has high strength and high hardness. It is made by adding indium in a proportion of 0.2-12% by weight to a platinum alloy, the pure platinum and one or more constituents consisting of 1-14.5% by weight of palladium, 0.5-14% by weight of rhodium, 1-14% by weight of iridium, 0.5-14% by weight of ruthenium, 1-14% by weight of gold and 1-14% by weight of copper are selected , having.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegende Erfindung, ausgehend von der bekannten Platinlegierung eine, insbesondere für die Verwendung zur Schmuckherstellung geeignete, Platinlegierung zu schaffen, die einen gegenüber reinem Platin tiefer liegenden Schmelzpunkt besitzt, hinreichend mechanisch verarbeitbar und dabei die Verwendung von Gallium vermieden wird,It is an object of the present invention to provide, starting from the known platinum alloy, a platinum alloy which is suitable, in particular, for use in the manufacture of jewelery and which has a melting point lower than pure platinum, can be processed sufficiently mechanically and avoids the use of gallium.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Goldanteil zwischen 1 bis 4 Gew.-% beträgt, und dass die Legierung des weiteren 1 bis 4 Ges.-% In-dium sowie als Kornfeiner Iridium und/oder Ruthenium in einem Anteil von bis zu 3 Gew,-% enthält, wobei der Kornfeiner den entsprechenden Anteil von Gold ersetzt, wobei sich die Anteile von Platin, Indium, Gold und Iridium und/oder Ruthenium, von Verunreinigungen abgesehen, zu 100 Gew.-% ergänzen.The object is achieved in that the gold content is between 1 to 4 wt .-%, and that the alloy further 1 to 4 Ges .-% In-dium and as grain fine iridium and / or ruthenium in a proportion of up to 3% by weight, with the grain refiner replacing the corresponding fraction of gold, with the proportions of platinum, indium, gold and iridium and / or ruthenium, apart from impurities, supplementing to 100% by weight.

Die erfindungsgemäße Platinlegierung zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Festigkeit, ein niedriges Schmelzintervall und eine gute chemische Stabilität aus. Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kombination von Platin mit Indium und Gold das Schmelzintervall der erfindungsgemäßen Platinlegierung senkt, die Härte verbessert und den edlen Charakter der erfindungsgemäßen Platinlegierung steigert. Das vergleichsweise niedrige Schmelzintervall der erfindungsgemäßen Platinlegierung lässt für einen Gießprozess genügend Freiraum, die Schmelztemperatur zu variieren, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Platinlegierung insbesondere für den Schmuckguss geeignet ist, Die erfindungsgemäße Platinlegierung ist in besonderer Art und Weise ebenfalls sehr gut geeignet für die Halbzeugfertigung, da bei ihr hohe Festigkeiten mit einer guten Formbarkeit zusammentreffen, so dass die aus der erfindungsgemäßen Platinlegierung hergestellten Halbzeuge später leicht mit einer CNC-Maschine bearbeitet werden können.The platinum alloy according to the invention is characterized by a high strength, a low melting interval and a good chemical stability. Surprisingly, it has been found that the combination of platinum with indium and gold lowers the melting interval of the platinum alloy according to the invention, improves the hardness and increases the noble character of the platinum alloy according to the invention. The comparatively low melting interval of the platinum alloy according to the invention leaves sufficient freedom for a casting process to vary the melting temperature, so that the platinum alloy according to the invention is particularly suitable for jewelery casting. The platinum alloy according to the invention is likewise very well suited for semifinished product production in a special manner their high strengths coincide with a good formability, so that the semifinished products produced from the platinum alloy according to the invention can be easily edited later with a CNC machine.

Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung weist einen Kornfeiner mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 3 Gew.-% auf, wobei der Kornfeiner die entsprechende Menge von Gold ersetzen. Gemäß der Erfindung wird als Kornfeiner Iridium und/oder Ruthenium verwendet.The alloy according to the invention has a grain refiner with a content of up to 3% by weight, the grain refiner replacing the corresponding amount of gold. According to the invention, iridium and / or ruthenium is used as the grain finer.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Platinlegierung als Kornfeiner zwischen 0,1 und 2,1 Ges.-% Iridium und/oder 0,5 bis 1,0 Ges.-% Ruthenium enthält.A further advantageous development of the invention provides that the platinum alloy contains, as a grain refiner, between 0.1 and 2.1% by weight of iridium and / or 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of ruthenium.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Platinlegierung 95 bis 96 Gew.-% Platin, 1 bis 3 Gew.-% Gold und 2 bis 3 Gew.-% Indium enthält.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the platinum alloy contains 95 to 96 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 3 wt .-% gold and 2 to 3 wt .-% indium.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Legierung 95 bis 95,3 Gew.-% Platin, 1 bis 2,2 Gew.-% Gold und 2,5 bis 3 Gew.-% Indium und 0,1 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Iridium enthält.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the alloy 95 to 95.3 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 2.2 wt .-% gold and 2.5 to 3 wt .-% indium and 0.1 to 0 Contains 3 wt .-% iridium.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Platinlegierung dass die Legierung 95 bis 95,3 Gew.-% Platin, 1 bis 2 Gew.-% Gold, 2,5 bis 3 Gew.-% Indium und 0,5 bis 1 Gew.-% Ruthenium enthält.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the platinum alloy that the alloy 95 to 95.3 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 2 wt .-% gold, 2.5 to 3 wt .-% indium and 0.5 to 1 wt .-% Ruthenium contains.

Weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung sind den Ausführungsbeispielen zu entnehmen, die im folgenden anhand der Figuren beschrieben werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein a*/b*-Diagramm der ersten drei Ausführungsbeispiele der beschriebenen Platinlegierung,
Figur 2:
eine Tabelle mit L*a*b*-Werten, und
Figur 3:
eine Tabelle mit Farbabständen der ersten drei Ausführungsbeispiele der beschriebenen Platinlegierung.
Further details and advantages of the invention can be found in the embodiments, which are described below with reference to the figures. Show it:
FIG. 1:
an a * / b * diagram of the first three embodiments of the described platinum alloy,
FIG. 2:
a table with L * a * b * values, and
FIG. 3:
a table with color gaps of the first three embodiments of the described platinum alloy.

Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der beschriebenen Platinlegierung weist 95, 2 Gew.-% Platin, 2 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 0,1 Gew.-% Iridium auf.A first embodiment of the platinum alloy described has 95, 2 wt .-% platinum, 2 wt .-% gold, 2.7 wt .-% indium and 0.1 wt .-% iridium.

Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der beschriebenen Platinlegierung sieht vor, dass diese 95 Gew.-% Platin, 2,2 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 1 Gew.-% Iridium aufweist.A second embodiment of the described platinum alloy provides that it comprises 95% by weight of platinum, 2.2% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of iridium.

Ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die Legierung 95 Gew.-% Platin, 2 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 3 Gew.-% Iridium aufweist.A third embodiment provides that the alloy comprises 95% by weight of platinum, 2% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 3% by weight of iridium.

Das vierte Ausführungsbeispiel der beschriebenen Platin-Gold-Legierung weist eine Zusammensetzung von 95,2 Gew.-% Platin, 1,3 Gew.-% Indium, 0,5 Gew.-% Iridium auf.The fourth embodiment of the described platinum-gold alloy has a composition of 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.3% by weight of indium, 0.5% by weight of iridium.

Ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die beschriebene Legierung 95,2 Gew.-% Platin, 1,1 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 1 Gew.-% Iridium besitzt.A fifth embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of iridium.

Ein sechstes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die beschriebene Legierung 95,2 Gew.-% Platin, 1,6 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 5 Gew.-% Ruthenium besitzt.A sixth embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.6% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 5% by weight of ruthenium.

Ein siebtes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die beschriebene Legierung 95,2 Gew.-% Platin, 1,1 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 1 Gew.-% Ruthenium besitzt.A seventh embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.2% by weight of platinum, 1.1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of ruthenium.

Ein achtes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die beschriebene Legierung 95,3 Gew.-% Platin, 1 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 1 Gew.-% Ruthenium besitzt.An eighth embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.3% by weight of platinum, 1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of ruthenium.

Ein neuntes Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass die beschrieben Legierung 95,3 Gew.-% Platin, 1 Gew.-% Gold, 2,7 Gew.-% Indium und 1 Gew.-% Iridium besitzt.A ninth exemplary embodiment provides that the described alloy has 95.3% by weight of platinum, 1% by weight of gold, 2.7% by weight of indium and 1% by weight of iridium.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die beschriebenen Eigenschaften nicht nur bei den vorgenannten Ausführungsbeispielen auftreten, sondern dass der Platin-, Gold- und Indium-Gehalt in bestimmten Grenzen variierbar ist. Charakteristisch für die beschriebenen Legierungen ist ein Platin-Gehalt von 93 bis 97 Gew.-%, ein GoldGehalt von 1 bis 4 Gew.-% sowie ein Indium-Gehalt von 1 bis 4 Gew.-%, wobei sich die Anteile von Platin, Indium und Gold, von Verunreinigungen abgesehen, zu 100 Gew.-% ergänzen. Bevorzugt wird, dass die Platinlegierung 95 bis 96 Gew.-% Platin, 1 bis 3 Gew.-% Gold und 2 bis 3 Gew.-% Indium enthält. Weiter bevorzugt wird, dass die Platinlegierung 95 bis 95,3 Gew.-% Platin, 1 bis 2,2 Gew.-% Gold, 2,5 bis 3 Gew.-% Indium und 0,1 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Iridium enthält. Weiter bevorzugt wird, dass die Platinlegierung 95 bis 95,3 Gew.-% Platin, 1 bis 2 Gew.-% Gold, 2,5 bis 3 Gew.-% Indium und 0,5 bis 1 Gew.-% Ruthenium enthält. Für den Fachmann ist es offensichtlich, dass die vorgenannten Intervalle nicht als starre Intervalle zu verstehen sind, sondern dass vielmehr auch sämtliche Zwischenwerte und Kombinationen von Werten, die in die vorgenannten Intervalle fallen, von der Anmeldung mitumfasst sein sollen.It has been found that the described properties not only occur in the aforementioned embodiments, but that the platinum, gold and indium content can be varied within certain limits. Characteristic of the described alloys is a platinum content of 93 to 97 wt .-%, a gold content of 1 to 4 wt .-% and an indium content of 1 to 4 wt .-%, wherein the proportions of platinum, Indium and gold, with the exception of impurities, add up to 100% by weight. It is preferred that the platinum alloy contain 95 to 96% by weight of platinum, 1 to 3% by weight of gold and 2 to 3% by weight of indium. It is further preferred that the platinum alloy 95 to 95.3 wt .-% platinum, 1 to 2.2 wt .-% gold, 2.5 to 3 wt .-% indium and 0.1 to 0.3 wt. Contains% iridium. It is further preferred that the platinum alloy contains 95 to 95.3% by weight of platinum, 1 to 2% by weight of gold, 2.5 to 3% by weight of indium and 0.5 to 1% by weight of ruthenium. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the aforementioned intervals are not to be understood as rigid intervals, but rather that all intermediate values and combinations of values which fall within the aforementioned intervals should also be included in the application.

Vorzugsweise enthalten die beschriebenen Platinlegierungen noch mindestens einen Kornfeiner in einem Anteil von bis zu 3 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise Iridium und/oder Ruthenium, wobei der Anteil von Iridium zwischen 0,1 und 2,1 Gew.-% und/oder derjenige von Ruthenium zwischen 0,5 bis 1 Gew.-% beträgt. Der Anteil des oder der Kornfeiner ersetzt dann vorzugsweise den entsprechenden Anteil von Gold.Preferably, the platinum alloys described contain at least one grain refiner in a proportion of up to 3% by weight, preferably iridium and / or ruthenium, the proportion of iridium being between 0.1 and 2.1% by weight and / or that of Ruthenium is between 0.5 to 1 wt .-%. The proportion of grain refiner (s) then preferably replaces the corresponding amount of gold.

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass die vorstehend genannten Platinlegierungen über Eigenschaften verfügen, welche sie deutlich von Standard-Legierungen mit 95 Gew.-% Platin unterscheiden: Insbesondere treten Farbunterschiede zu üblichen Pt950-Legierungen auf, die signifikant sind.Surprisingly, it has been found that the abovementioned platinum alloys have properties which clearly distinguish them from standard alloys containing 95% by weight of platinum. In particular, color differences to conventional Pt950 alloys occur which are significant.

Figur 1 ist nun ein a*/b*-Diagramm, welches die im L*a*b*-Farbraum gemessenen Werte enthält. Der L*a*b-Farbraum ist ein Messraum, in dem alle wahrnehmbaren Farben enthalten sind, wobei L* für die Helligkeit, a* für Grün-Rot und b* für Gelb-Blau steht. Die hier angeführten Messungen wurden nach den in der DIN 5033 definierten Standard-Bedingungen durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich wurden auch noch die entsprechenden Werte folgender Standard-Platinlegierungen gemessen: FIG. 1 is now an a * / b * -diagram, which contains the values measured in the L * a * b * color space. The L * a * b color space is a measurement space in which all perceptible Colors are included, where L * stands for the brightness, a * for green-red and b * for yellow-blue. The measurements given here were carried out according to the standard conditions defined in DIN 5033. For comparison, the corresponding values of the following standard platinum alloys were also measured:

Eine Pt950CuGa-Legierung enthält 95,1 Gew.-% Platin, 2,1 Gew.-% Gold, 2,8 Gew.-% Gallium, eine Pt950Cu-Legierung enthält 95 Gew.-% Platin und 5 Gew.-% Kupfer, eine Pt950Co-Legierung enthält 95 Gew.-% und 5 Gew.-% Kobalt und eine Pt950Ru-Legierung enthält 95 Gew.-% Platin und 5 Gew.-% Ruthenium. Des weiteren wurden noch die entsprechenden Werte für rhodiniertes Weißgold, Palladium 950 und Silber Ag 935, also die häufigste Silberlegierung, bestimmt.A Pt950CuGa alloy contains 95.1 wt% platinum, 2.1 wt% gold, 2.8 wt% gallium, a Pt950Cu alloy contains 95 wt% platinum and 5 wt% copper , a Pt950Co alloy contains 95% by weight and 5% by weight of cobalt, and a Pt950Ru alloy contains 95% by weight of platinum and 5% by weight of ruthenium. Furthermore, the corresponding values for rhodium-plated white gold, palladium 950 and silver Ag 935, ie the most common silver alloy, were determined.

Die Figur 1 zeigt nun das a*/b*-Diagramm der beschriebenen Platinlegierung im Vergleich, wobei das erste Ausführungsbeispiel der beschriebenen Platinlegierungen im Diagramm der Figur 1 mit Pt950Auln1, sowie das zweite bzw. das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel mit Pt950Auln2 bzw. Pt950Auln3 bezeichnet wurden.The FIG. 1 now shows the a * / b * diagram of the platinum alloy described in comparison, wherein the first embodiment of the described platinum alloys in the diagram of FIG. 1 with the Pt950Auln1, and the second and the third embodiment with Pt950Auln2 and Pt950Auln3 were called.

Man erkennt, dass die durch die beschriebenen Platinegierungen gebildete Gruppe sich im vorgenannten Diagramm deutlich von den vorstehend beschriebenen Standard-Platinlegierungen unterscheidet. Bemerkenswert ist der negative a*-Wert der beschriebenen Platin-Gold-Indium-Legierungen, während alle anderen getesteten Legierungen einen neutralen oder positiven a*-Wert besitzen. Außerdem sind die b*-Werte der beschriebenen Legierungen alle kleiner als 5, der Gelbanteil ist danach niedrig.It can be seen that the group formed by the described platinum alloys differs markedly in the aforementioned diagram from the standard platinum alloys described above. Noteworthy is the negative a * value of the platinum-gold-indium alloys described, while all other alloys tested have a neutral or positive a * value. In addition, the b * values of the described alloys are all smaller than 5, the yellow component is then low.

Die gemessenen L*, a* und b*-Werte sind in der Tabelle der Figur 2 zusammengefasst. Außerdem ist dort in der letzten Spalte der Yellowness-Index YI enthalten. Für diesen gilt, dass je niedriger dieser Index ist, desto weißer die Farbe ist, wobei der Maßstab für die weiße Farbe Rhodium ist und galvanische Rhodium-Schichten etwa bei YI = 10 liegen. Man erkennt aus der Tabelle der Figur 2, dass die drei Legierungen Pt950Auln1, Pt950Auln2 und Pt950Auln3 im Schnitt einen Yellowness-Index von 10,6 haben, während z. B. mit einer Rhodium-Schicht überzogenes Weißgold einen Yellowness-Index von YI = 10,20 besitzt. Der Farbeindruck der beschriebenen Legierungen ist somit mit dem einer galvanischen Rhodium-Schicht vergleichbar.The measured L *, a * and b * values are shown in the table FIG. 2 summarized. In addition, there in the last column of the yellowness index YI included. For this, the lower this index is, the whiter the color is, with the white color scale being rhodium and the rhodium plating being around YI = 10. One recognizes from the table the FIG. 2 in that the three alloys Pt950Auln1, Pt950Auln2 and Pt950Auln3 have on average one Yellowness index of 10.6, while z. B. coated with a rhodium layer white gold has a yellowness index of YI = 10.20. The color impression of the alloys described is thus comparable to that of a galvanic rhodium layer.

Des weiteren wurden die Farbabstände ΔE1.2 nach DIN (Deutsche-IndustrieNorm) berechnet. Die resultierenden Farbabstände sind in der Tabelle der Figur 3 zusammengefasst. Man erkennt, dass zwischen den bereits beschriebenen Platin-Gold-Legierungen kaum Unterschiede feststellbar sind, da der Wert ΔE1.2 kleiner als 0,5 ist, was üblicherweise bedeutet, dass kein bis fast kein Unterschied feststellbar ist. Im Vergleich zu den vorstehend beschriebenen Standard-Platinlegierungen ergeben sich merkliche Farbunterschiede, da hierbei AE1.2 zwischen 1,0 und 2,0 liegt. Ein Vergleich der beschriebenen Platinlegierungen mit Pd950, rhodiniertem Weißgold oder Ag935Cu ergibt sich ΔE1.2 -Werte zwischen 2 und 4, was bedeutet, dass hier ein wahrgenommener Farbunterschied besteht. Bemerkenswert ist der Farbabstand zu der letztgenannten Ag935Cu-Legierung, der über 9 liegt, so dass üblicherweise die Differenz als eine andere Farbe bewertet wird.Furthermore, the color distances ΔE 1.2 were calculated according to DIN (German Industrial Standard). The resulting color differences are in the table FIG. 3 summarized. It can be seen that there are hardly any differences between the platinum-gold alloys already described, since the value ΔE 1.2 is smaller than 0.5, which usually means that no or almost no difference is detectable. In comparison to the standard platinum alloys described above, noticeable color differences result, since in this case AE 1.2 is between 1.0 and 2.0. A comparison of the platinum alloys described with Pd950, rhodium-plated white gold or Ag935Cu results in ΔE 1.2 values between 2 and 4, which means that there is a perceived difference in color. Noteworthy is the color difference to the latter Ag935Cu alloy, which is above 9, so that usually the difference is evaluated as a different color.

Für eine Anwendung von Platinlegierungen in der Schmuckindustrie ist eine ausreichende Härte und für eine CNC-Bearbeitung von metallischen Werkstoffen sind noch höhere Härten wünschenswert. Erstaunlicherweise hat sich gezeigt, dass die beschriebenen Platin-Gold-Indium-Legierungen erstaunlich hohe Härten besitzen. Die Legierung gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel besitzt eine Härte in HV von 160, die des vierten Ausführungsbeispiels eine Härte von 165 HV, die des fünften Ausführungsbeispiels von 155 HV, die des sechsten Ausführungsbeispiels von 168 HV und die des siebten Ausführungsbeispiels von 171 HV.For an application of platinum alloys in the jewelry industry is a sufficient hardness and for a CNC machining of metallic materials even higher hardnesses are desirable. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the described platinum-gold-indium alloys have surprisingly high hardness. The alloy according to the first embodiment has a hardness in HV of 160, that of the fourth embodiment has a hardness of 165 HV, that of the fifth embodiment of 155 HV, that of the sixth embodiment of 168 HV and that of the seventh embodiment of 171 HV.

Aus obigem zeigt sich eindeutig, dass insbesondere Ruthenium enthaltenen Legierungen gemäß dem sechste Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine deutlich höhere Härte auszeichnen, so dass durch die Verwendung von Ruthenium ca. 170 HV möglich ist.It can be clearly seen from the above that, in particular, alloys containing ruthenium according to the sixth exemplary embodiment are significantly higher Hardness, so that by the use of ruthenium about 170 HV is possible.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der beschriebenen Legierung ist, dass diese nicht aushärtet. Dies ist insbesondere für das Gießen oder die Wärmebehandlung wie z. B. Löten während des Verarbeitungsprozesses wichtig, da hierdurch keine unerwünschten Versprödungen auftreten.Another advantage of the described alloy is that it does not harden. This is especially for the casting or the heat treatment such. As soldering during the processing process important, since this undesirable embrittlement occur.

Die Solidus-Temperatur der beschriebenen Legierungen liegt bei ca. 1.632°C, die Liquidus-Temperatur bei ca. 1.657°C. Dieser vergleichsweise niedrige Schmelzintervall lässt in vorteilhafter Art und Weise für den Gießprozess genügend Freiraum, die Schmelztemperatur zu variieren. Die Gießversuche mit den beschriebenen Legierungen haben gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse erbracht, die Neigung zur Porosität ist geringer ausgeprägt als bei bekannten Platin950-Legierungen und Tiegel- oder Einbettmasse-Reaktionen wurden nicht beobachtet. Außerdem zeichnen sich die beschriebenen Legierungen auch aufgrund ihres hohen Edelmetallgehalts durch eine hohe chemische Stabilität aus.The solidus temperature of the described alloys is about 1,632 ° C, the liquidus temperature at about 1,657 ° C. This comparatively low melting interval advantageously allows sufficient freedom for the casting process to vary the melting temperature. The casting trials with the described alloys have yielded good to very good results, the tendency for porosity is less pronounced than in known platinum alloys and crucible or embedding mass reactions were not observed. In addition, the alloys described are characterized by a high chemical stability also due to their high precious metal content.

Die vorgenannten Legierungen sind gut geeignet für die Halbzeugfertigung, insbesondere für die spätere CNC-Bearbeitung, da hohe Festigkeiten mit guter Verformbarkeit zusammentreffen.The abovementioned alloys are well suited for semis production, in particular for the subsequent CNC machining, since high strengths combine with good deformability.

Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die beschriebenen Platinlegierungen gute Farb- und mechanische Eigenschaften trotz der Vermeidung von toxisch bedenklichem Gallium aufweisen und sich durch einen niedrigen Schmelzpunkt und gute mechanische Verarbeitungsqualitäten auszeichnen.In summary, the described platinum alloys have good color and mechanical properties despite the avoidance of toxically dubious gallium and are characterized by a low melting point and good mechanical processing qualities.

Claims (7)

  1. Platinum alloy, having 93 to 97 wt% platinum and gold, characterized in that the amount of gold is between 1 to 4 wt%, and that the alloy further comprises 1 to 4 wt% indium as well as, as a grain refiner, iridium and/or ruthenium in an amount of up to 3 wt%, wherein the grain refiner replaces the respective amount of gold, and wherein the amounts of platinum, indium, gold, iridium and/or ruthenium, apart from impurities, amount to 100 wt%.
  2. Platinum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the platinum alloy comprises as grain refiner between 0,1 and 2,1 wt% iridium and/or 0,5 to 1 wt% ruthenium.
  3. Platinum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the platinum alloy comprises 95 to 96 wt% platinum, 1 to 3 wt% gold and 2 to 3 wt% indium.
  4. Platinum alloy according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the platinum alloy comprises 95 to 95,3 wt% platinum, 1 to 2,2 wt% gold, 2,5 to 3 wt% indium and 0,1 to 0,3 wit% Iridium.
  5. Platinum alloy according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the platinum alloy comprises 95 to 95,3 wt% platinum, 1 to 2 wt% gold, 2,5 to 3 wt% indium and 0,5 to 1 wt% ruthenium.
  6. Use of a platinum alloy according to one of the previous claims for manufacturing items of adornment, in particular ornaments, jewellery, watch casings and items made of precious metal or having a layer of precious metals.
  7. Item of adornment, characterized in that the item of adornment, in particular decorative items, a piece of jewellery, a casing of a watch and an object of precious metal or having a layer of precious metal is, at least partially, made of a platinum alloy according to one of the previous claims.
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JPS57169042A (en) * 1981-04-11 1982-10-18 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk Platinum alloy for accessory
JPS59150041A (en) * 1983-02-16 1984-08-28 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk Platinum alloy for accessory
JPS6134133A (en) 1984-07-25 1986-02-18 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk Platinum alloy for accessory
JPS61272333A (en) 1985-05-27 1986-12-02 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk Ornamental platinum alloy
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