EP2643633A2 - Système et procédé de gestion de l'énergie utilisée dans un système de traitement de gaz de carneau - Google Patents

Système et procédé de gestion de l'énergie utilisée dans un système de traitement de gaz de carneau

Info

Publication number
EP2643633A2
EP2643633A2 EP11785515.5A EP11785515A EP2643633A2 EP 2643633 A2 EP2643633 A2 EP 2643633A2 EP 11785515 A EP11785515 A EP 11785515A EP 2643633 A2 EP2643633 A2 EP 2643633A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
flue gas
carbon dioxide
gas stream
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11785515.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nareshkumar Bernard Handagama
Glen D. Jukkola
Frank Michael Kluger
Rasesh R. Kotdawala
Carl H. Neuschaefer
Allen Michael Pfeffer
Vikram S Shabde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP2643633A2 publication Critical patent/EP2643633A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/04—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for specific purposes other than heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/003—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/50—Control of recirculation rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/40—Sorption with wet devices, e.g. scrubbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07001—Injecting synthetic air, i.e. a combustion supporting mixture made of pure oxygen and an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or recycled fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07006—Control of the oxygen supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/12—Recycling exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/24—Controlling height of burner
    • F23N2237/26—Controlling height of burner oxygen-air ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/80—Integration in an installation using carbon dioxide, e.g. for EOR, sequestration, refrigeration etc.
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the disclosed subject matter relates to a system and method of managing an amount of energy utilized by a flue gas stream processing system. More particularly, the disclosed subject matter relates to a method of optimizing an amount of energy used in a flue gas processing system that includes oxy-firing boiler combustion and a carbon dioxide capture system.
  • the typical method of reducing particulates, Hg, NOx, and SOx emissions from steam generating boilers is by the use of flue gas treatment equipment including electrostatic precipitators (ESP), fabric filter bag houses, catalytic systems, or wet and dry scrubbers.
  • ESP electrostatic precipitators
  • fabric filter bag houses e.g., fabric filter bag houses
  • catalytic systems e.g., catalytic systems
  • wet and dry scrubbers e.
  • carbon dioxide capture systems also referred to as "carbon capture systems” may be employed in a flue gas processing system if carbon dioxide emissions are to be kept at or below a certain level.
  • Flue gas treatment equipment e.g., emission control devices and systems
  • Flue gas stream treatment equipment typically requires a large amount of space at the plant site.
  • a method for managing an amount of energy utilized by a carbon dioxide capture system includes providing a fuel and a feed stream to a combustion system.
  • the feed stream includes oxygen and a portion of a flue gas stream generated upon combustion of the fuel in the combustion system.
  • the method includes subjecting the flue gas stream to a carbon dioxide capture system to remove carbon dioxide therefrom, measuring a concentration of oxygen present in the feed stream, and selectively adjusting an amount of the flue gas stream included in the feed stream based on the measured concentration of oxygen in the feed stream.
  • the selective adjustment is performed such that the feed stream maintains an oxygen concentration in a range of between about 10% to 90% by volume and the carbon dioxide capture system operates at an energy load between 1.4 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide and 3.0 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • the method further includes subjecting the flue gas stream to a desulfurization system located downstream of the combustion system and upstream of the carbon dioxide capture system.
  • the desulfurization system removes sulfur oxide from the flue gas stream and forms a treated flue gas stream.
  • the method also includes directing at least one of a portion of the flue gas stream, a portion of the treated flue gas stream and combinations of the portions, to the feed stream.
  • the portion of the flue gas stream is directed from a location upstream of the desulfurization system, and the portion of the treated flue gas stream is directed from a location downstream of the desulfurization system.
  • the feed stream is further comprised of a fresh air stream and an oxidant stream.
  • the method includes generating the oxidant stream in an oxygen producing unit.
  • the method further includes measuring a concentration of oxygen in the oxidant stream, and selectively adjusting a feed rate of an air stream provided to the oxygen producing unit based on the measured concentration of oxygen in the oxidant stream.
  • the method includes measuring a flow rate of the fresh air stream provided to the feed stream, and selectively adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the portion of the flue gas stream and the portion of the treated flue gas stream directed to the feed stream based on the measured flow rate of the fresh air stream provided to the feed stream.
  • the method includes measuring a concentration of carbon dioxide present in the flue gas stream exiting the combustion system, and selectively adjusting a feed rate of the feed stream directed to the combustion system based on the measured concentration of carbon dioxide present in the flue gas stream such that the flue gas stream maintains a carbon dioxide concentration in a range of between about 10% to 60% by volume.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a flue gas stream processing system according to one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flue gas stream processing system according to one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a flue gas stream processing system according to one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flue gas stream processing system according to one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flue gas stream processing system according to one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • FIG. l illustrates a flue gas stream processing system 100 that includes a combustion system 120 in communication with oxygen producing unit 130.
  • the combustion system 120 may be any system configured to combust a fuel 122 to produce a flue gas stream 124 at an output 121 of the combustion system 120.
  • Examples of the combustion system 120 include, but are not limited to, pulverized coal (PC) combustion, oxy-firing boilers and circulating fluidized bed combustors (CFB).
  • the combustion system 120 is an oxy-firing boiler configured to burn the fuel 122 provided to the combustion system 120 in the presence of a feed stream 132 provided to the combustion system.
  • the flue gas stream 124 is generated upon combustion of the fuel 122 and is provided at the output 121 of the combustion system 120.
  • the feed stream 132 is a combination of an oxidant stream 134, a fresh air stream 136 and a recycled portion 124a of the flue gas stream, which has been subjected to treatment and/or contaminant removal, e.g., the recycled portion 124a of a treated flue gas stream 124' .
  • the feed stream 132 includes the oxidant stream 134, the fresh air stream 136 and a recycled portion 124b of the flue gas stream 124, which has not been treated.
  • FIG. 1 the feed stream 132 includes the oxidant stream 134, the fresh air stream 136 and a recycled portion 124b of the flue gas stream 124, which has not been treated.
  • the feed stream 132 includes the oxidant stream 134, the fresh air stream 136, the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124', and the recycled portion 124b of the flue gas stream 124. While not illustrated in each of FIGS. 1 -3, it is contemplated that the feed stream 132 may include one or more of the oxidant stream 134, the fresh air stream 136, the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124', and the recycled portion 124b of the untreated flue gas stream 124.
  • combination of the oxidant stream 134 and the fresh air stream 136 into the feed stream 132 assists in selectively maintaining a ratio of oxygen to fuel for proper combustion within the combustion system 120 as well as a feed rate of the feed stream 132 to the combustion system 120.
  • the oxidant stream 134 is generated by the oxygen producing unit 130, which receives an air stream 138.
  • the oxygen producing unit 130 is an air separation unit (ASU).
  • the ASU may be, for example, an ion transport membrane (ITM), an oxygen transport membrane (OTM), or a cryogenic air separation system, e.g., a rectification column.
  • the oxygen producing unit 130 is not limited in this regard, since the oxygen producing unit may be any equipment capable of producing the oxidant stream 134.
  • the oxidant stream 134 generally contains oxygen (0 2 ), however, other elements and/or gases may be present in the oxidant stream as well. In one embodiment, the oxidant stream 134 is at least 90% wt. oxygen. In another embodiment, the oxidant stream 134 is at least 95% wt. oxygen.
  • the oxygen producing unit 130 typically requires a relatively large energy load to process the air stream 138 and generate the oxidant stream 134.
  • the amount of energy expended in generating the oxidant stream 134 is a benefit to the overall performance of the flue gas stream processing system 100 since a reduced volume of the flue gas stream 124 is produced by the combustion system 120 utilizing a feed stream including oxygen as compared to systems not utilizing the oxygen producing unit 130.
  • combining the oxidant stream 134 (as well as the fresh air stream 136) with the feed stream 132 and providing the combination to the combustion system 120 promotes a more complete combustion of the fuel 122 in the combustion system 120.
  • the fresh air stream 136 is not subjected to any treatment prior to combination with the oxidant stream 134, and one or more of the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124' and the recycled portion 124b of the flue gas stream 124 to form the feed stream 132.
  • the fresh air stream 136 may include a variety of elements and/or gases including, but not limited to, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, and the like.
  • the fresh air stream 136 may be subjected to some treatment such as, for example, to remove or minimize particulates or other contaminants, if any, therefrom.
  • the feed stream 132 and the flue gas stream 124 may proceed through an air preheater (APH) 126, which facilitates an increase of temperature of the feed stream 132 by transferring heat from the flue gas stream 124.
  • APH air preheater
  • the flue gas stream 124 may include contaminants such as, but not limited to, sulfur oxides (SOx), mercury (Hg), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ), particulates, nitrous oxide (N 2 0) and to a lesser extent, nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  • SOx sulfur oxides
  • Hg mercury
  • C0 2 carbon dioxide
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the concentration of NOx present in flue gas stream 124 is dependent upon several factors, including, but not limited to, the nitrogen content of the fuel 122, and the concentration of nitrogen provided to the combustion system 120 via feed stream 132. As the percentage of oxygen present in feed stream 132 increases, the amount of nitrogen in the feed stream 132 provided to the combustion system 120 decreases, thereby decreasing the percentage of NOx present in the flue gas stream 124.
  • the contaminant control system 140 Downstream of the combustion system 120 is a contaminant control system, shown generally at 140.
  • the contaminant control system 140 includes an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 142 and a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system 144.
  • ESP electrostatic precipitator
  • FGD flue gas desulfurization
  • the contaminant control system 140 may include more or less devices than what is shown in FIGS. 1-3.
  • the contaminant control system 140 may include only the flue gas desulfurization system 144.
  • the flue gas desulfurization system 144 may either be a dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) system or a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system. While not shown in FIGS. 1 -3, it is contemplated that different devices may be included in the contaminant control system 140, including, but not limited to, a bag house, a venturi-type scrubber, and the like.
  • the flue gas stream 124 is subjected to treatment by the flue gas desulfurization system 144, which facilitates the removal, or substantial elimination or minimization, of SOx from the flue gas stream 124.
  • the treated flue gas stream 124' is subjected to treatment by a carbon dioxide capture system 150 to remove, or substantially eliminate or minimize, carbon dioxide from the treated flue gas stream 124' .
  • the carbon dioxide capture system 150 may be any system capable of removing or minimizing carbon dioxide from the treated flue gas stream 124' to produce a carbon dioxide stream 151 and a reduced carbon dioxide flue gas stream 152.
  • Examples of carbon dioxide capture system 150 include, but are not limited to, systems referred to as “advanced amine” systems, “chilled ammonia” systems such as is disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2006/022885, as well as gas processing units, and the like.
  • the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124' is directed to the feed stream 132 from a location A. As shown in FIG. 1, the location A is positioned downstream of the flue gas desulfurization system 144. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the recycled portion 124b of the flue gas stream 124 is directed to the feed stream 132 from a location B, which is positioned upstream of the contaminant control system 140. In yet a further embodiment, as shown in FIG.
  • the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124' is directed to the feed stream 132 from the location A and the recycled portion 124b of the flue gas stream 124 is directed to the feed stream 132 from the location B.
  • the recycled portions 124a and 124b may be combined with the oxidant stream 134 and the fresh air stream 136 to form the feed stream 132.
  • FIGS. 1 -3 illustrate at least two different locations A and B for drawing off and recycling the treated or untreated portions of the flue gas stream
  • the system 100 is not limited in this regard as the flue gas stream may be drawn from another point within the system 100.
  • a portion of the flue gas stream may be drawn from a location within the contaminant control system 140 such as between the ESP 142 and the FGD 144. It should be appreciated that locations A and B may be varied about the flue gas processing system 100 depending on, for example, the type or nature of the fuel 122 combusted in the combustion system 120.
  • the flue gas stream 124 may be recycled back to the combustion system 120 prior to treatment by the flue gas desulfurization system 144 when the fuel 122 has a low concentration of SOx.
  • the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124' and the recycled portion 124b of the untreated flue gas stream 124 may be selectively directed to combine with the feed stream 132 by any mechanism having the capability of doing so, including, but not limited to, pipes, conduits, valves, and the like, as are known in the art.
  • a concentration of oxygen present in the feed stream 132 is measured or sensed by, for example, a sensor or like testing or measurement device 212, disposed in a flow path of the feed stream 132.
  • the measured concentration of oxygen in the feed stream 132 is compared to a predetermined or "set-point" value programmed, stored in or provided to an integrated flow control device 210 such as, for example, a valve.
  • the valve 210 selectively operates to vary a ratio of the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas stream 124' provided to the feed stream 132.
  • the concentration of oxygen present in the feed stream 132 may be measured at any point prior to the feed stream 132 entering the combustion system 120.
  • the concentration of oxygen present in the feed stream 132 is measured at a location C where the feed stream 132 includes the recycled portion 124a of the treated flue gas 124', the oxidant stream 134 and the fresh air stream 136.
  • the measurement of oxygen concentration in the feed stream 132 may occur at another location, e.g., prior to the combination of one or more of the recycled portions 124a, 124b of the flue gas stream, the oxidant stream 134, and the fresh air stream 136 with the feed stream 132.
  • the measured oxygen concentration in the feed stream 132 is compared to a predetermined set-point value.
  • the set-point value may be determined by parameters of the flue gas stream processing system 100, which include, but are not limited to, the amount of contaminants, e.g., NOx, SOx, C0 2 , and the like, present in the flue gas stream 124.
  • the predetermined set-point value may be based on an oxygen concentration.
  • the set-point value is an oxygen concentration having a value in a range of between about 10% to about 90% by volume.
  • the set-point is calculated by a controller 260.
  • the controller 260 receives the measured oxygen concentration in the feed stream 132 from the sensor 212 and other streams (e.g., the flue gas stream 124, and the oxidant stream 134) at one or more inputs, shown generally at 262. In one embodiment, the controller 260 receives oxygen concentration measurements from various points of the flow path of the feed stream 132 at the inputs 262.
  • the recycled portions 124a, 124b of the flue gas stream directed to the feed stream 132 may be adjusted such that the feed stream 132 maintains an oxygen concentration in a predetermined range, for example, in a range of between about 10% to about 90% by volume based on the total volume of the feed stream 132.
  • Maintenance of the oxygen concentration in the feed stream 132 in a range of between about 10% to about 90% by volume allows the carbon dioxide capture system 150 to operate at an energy load of, for example, below about 3.0 gigajoule per ton of carbon dioxide (GJ/ton of carbon dioxide).
  • the energy load may be between 1.4 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide and 3.0 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • the energy load may be between 1.4 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide and 2.5 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • maintenance of the oxygen concentration in the feed stream 132 in a range of between about 40% to about 60% allows the carbon dioxide capture system 150 to operate at an energy load of, for example, below about 3.0 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • the energy load may be between 1.4 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide and 3.0 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • the energy load may be between 1.4 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide and 2.5 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • maintenance of the oxygen concentration in the feed stream in a range of between about 40% and about 60% by volume, based on the total volume of the feed stream 132, allows the carbon dioxide capture stream 150 to operate at an energy load of, for example, between about 2.1 to about 2.9 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide.
  • valve 210 that is selectively operated based on a set-point programmed, stored or provided to the valve 210 and/or in response to signals S received from the controller 260. Accordingly, when an amount of the recycled flue gas stream 124 directed to the feed stream 132 is to be increased in order to decrease the concentration of oxygen present in the feed stream 132, the valve 210 operates to allow a greater amount of the recycled portion 124a of the flue gas stream 124' to flow to the feed stream 132.
  • a flow of the fresh air stream 136 is sensed or measured at, for example, a location D, by, for example, a sensor or like test or measurement device 222, and compared to a set point value stored or provided to the controller 260 by, for example, an operator (indicated by arrow O) of the flue gas stream processing system 100.
  • the set point value is based on, for example, an electrical demand (e.g., load) of the combustion system 120 and is either pre-programmed, or is entered by the operator during operation of the processing system 100. For example, as the electrical demand of the combustion system 120 decreases, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the feed stream 132 may be higher than what was present when the combustion system operated at the previous electrical demand.
  • the amount of fresh air 136 provided to the feed stream 132 is reduced.
  • the flow of the fresh air stream 136 is adjusted by selectively operating a valve 220.
  • the valve 220 is selectively adjusted in response to one of the signals S from the controller 260. It should be appreciated that as the flow of the fresh air stream 136 is adjusted, the flow of the feed stream 132 to the combustion system 120 may be adjusted.
  • a signal S I is provided (e.g., cascaded) to the valve 210.
  • the valve 210 may selective operate to adjust the flow of the portion 124a of the recycled treated flue gas stream 124' to the feed stream 132.
  • the portion 124a of the recycled flue gas stream 124' directed to the feed stream 132 may be adjusted (increased or decreased) or otherwise controlled based on the flow rate of the fresh air stream 136 provided to the feed stream 132.
  • a calculation block 230 receives the signal S I .
  • the calculation block 230 may be implemented in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, a function capable of changing a time interval (e.g., selective delay) for providing the signal S I (multiplexed at 232 with signal S) to the valve 210.
  • the time interval may be equal to an estimated or measured time required for an air stream to travel from the combustion system 120 to the carbon dioxide capture system 150.
  • the concentration of oxygen present in the oxidant stream is the concentration of oxygen present in the oxidant stream
  • the concentration measurement is provided to the controller 260 to compare, calculate and/or to control adjustment of the concentration of oxygen present in the oxidant stream 134.
  • the controller 260 compares the measured oxygen concentration to an oxygen flow rate set-point value stored in or provided to the controller 260.
  • the oxygen concentration value stored or provided to the controller 260 determines whether the amount of the air stream 138 provided to the oxygen producing unit 130 (e.g., the feed rate) should be selectively adjusted (e.g., increased or decreased) to vary the oxygen concentration in the oxidant stream 134. For example, to increase or decrease the feed rate of the air stream 138 provided to the air separation unit 130, the controller 260 provides the signal S to a valve 240. In response, the valve 240 operates to selectively adjust the feed rate of the air stream 138 provided to the oxygen producing unit 130. In one example, if the load of the combustion system 120 is reduced, the demand for oxygen in the feed stream 132 is reduced and, accordingly, the feed rate of the air stream 138 to the air separation unit 130 is reduced.
  • the concentration of carbon dioxide present in the flue gas stream 124 may be measured or sensed at, for example, a location F, by, for example, any device capable of taking such a measurement, including, but not limited to a carbon dioxide analyzer 250. While FIG. 4 illustrates location F at a position upstream of the contaminant control system 140, it is contemplated that location F may be positioned downstream of the contaminant control system or within the contaminant control system, for example, between the electrostatic precipitator 142 and the flue gas desulfurization system 144. In one embodiment, the measured concentration of carbon dioxide present in the flue gas stream 124 is provided to the controller 260.
  • the controller 260 compares the concentration of carbon dioxide present in the flue gas stream 124 to a predetermined set-point. When the concentration does not, for example, match or fall within a predetermined range of the set point valve, the controller 260 operates to adjust the concentration. In one embodiment, the controller 260 adjusts (increases or decreases) the concentration of carbon dioxide present in the flue gas stream 124 by, for example, adjusting an amount (e.g., feed rate) of the feed stream 132 directed to the combustion system 120 such that the flue gas stream 124 subsequently output maintains a carbon dioxide concentration in a range of between about 10% to 60% by volume.
  • an amount e.g., feed rate
  • the feed rate of the feed stream 132 provided to the combustion system 120 is adjusted such that the flue gas stream 124 maintains a carbon dioxide concentration in a range of between about 12% to 46% by volume. In a further embodiment, the feed rate of the feed stream 132 provided to the combustion system 120 is adjusted such that the flue gas stream 124 maintains a carbon dioxide concentration in a range of between about 30% to 50% by volume.
  • the carbon dioxide capture system 150 operates at an energy load below about 3.0 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide without the load of the oxygen producing unit 130, and at an energy load of about 2.3 to 6.6 GJ/ton of carbon dioxide with the load of the oxygen producing unit 130.
  • the controller 260 includes a microprocessor programmed to receive and send signals to and from the aforementioned integrated flow control devices, sensors and other test and measurement devices, and valves within the system 100.
  • the controller 260 receives input including data and information from an operator of the system 100 (as indicated by arrow O) or other portion of the system 100 (as indicated at inputs 262).
  • Information provided to the controller 260 includes, but is not limited to, the electrical demand of the system 100. It is contemplated that the operator can manually control the operations of the controller 260 and various flow control and sensing and measuring devices as described herein by providing input to the controller 260.
  • control signals S and SI selectively operate valves 210, 220 and 240 to vary feed rates and concentrations of the recycled flue gas 124a and 124b, the feed stream 132, the oxidant stream 134, the fresh air stream 136 and the air stream 138.
  • the signal S may also be provided to an integrated flow control device 280, for example, a valve, which selectively adjusts an amount of steam 292 generated by steam turbine 290 and provided to the carbon dioxide capture system 1 50.
  • the control signal S communicates commands to the valve 280 to regulate an amount of steam 292 to be provided to the carbon dioxide capture system 150.
  • the amount of steam 292 currently provided to the carbon dioxide capture system 150 is measured by, for example, a sensor 282 at location H, and provided to the controller 260.
  • the controller 260 compares the measured amount of steam to a predetermined or provided set point and, based on the comparison, the controller 260 operates the valve 280 to selectively adjust (increase or decrease) the amount of steam 292 provided to the carbon dioxide capture system 150.
  • the controller 260 may provide the signal S to an integrated flow control device 300 such as, for example, a valve, disposed within the flow path of the treated flue gas stream 124' to the carbon dioxide capture system 1 50.
  • the controller 260 evaluates flow measurements measured or sensed by, for example, a sensor or like testing and measuring device 302.
  • the sensor 302 is disposed at, for example, location G in the flow path of the treated flue gas stream 124' to the carbon dioxide capture system 150 and provides the measurements to the controller 260.
  • the controller 260 selectively operates the valve 300 to adjust (increase or decrease) the flow of the treated flue gas stream 124' to the carbon dioxide capture system 150.
  • the controller 260 may selectively regulate the flow of the treated flue gas stream 124' to the carbon dioxide capture system 150 in relation to load on the processing system 100. For example, the controller 260 increases flow to the carbon dioxide capture system 150 as the processing system 100 increases combustion of the fuel 122 and consequently increases the amount of the output flue gas stream 124, or decreases flow to the carbon dioxide capture system 150 as the processing system 100 decreases combustion of fuel 122 and decreases the amount of output flue gas stream 124.
  • controller 260 provides a combination of the control signals S and SI, which cascades to the respective valves 210, 220, 240 and 300.
  • controller 260 does not provide all of the signals within the flue gas stream processing system 100. For example, some control signals may originate from operator input.
  • controller 260 is programmed to contain information pertaining to the cost of compressing the air stream 138 fed to the oxygen producing unit 130 in order to generate the oxidant stream 134, the reboiler duty, as well as the desired concentration of oxygen present in the feed stream 132 provided to the combustion system 120.
  • the controller 260 may further be programmed in a manner to compare the parameters of the flue gas stream processing system 100 in an effort to manage the costs associated with running the flue gas processing system 100.
  • controller 260 can manage the parameters of the flue gas stream processing system 100 in a dynamic fashion, for example, change flow rates of flue gas stream 124 and/or the feed stream 132 to adapt to the measured concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or a combination thereof.
  • Such dynamic control of the flue gas stream processing system 100 allows the energy load of the processing system 100 to be more efficiently managed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour gérer une quantité d'énergie utilisée par un système de capture de dioxyde de carbone. Le procédé comprend la fourniture d'un combustible et un flux d'alimentation vers un système de combustion. Le flux d'alimentation comprend de l'oxygène et une partie d'un flux de gaz de carneau généré par combustion du combustible. Le procédé comprend en outre la soumission du flux de gaz de carneau à un système de capture de dioxyde de carbone pour éliminer le dioxyde de carbone de celui-ci, la mesure d'une concentration d'oxygène présente dans le flux d'alimentation, et l'ajustement sélectif d'une quantité du flux de gaz de carneau incluse dans le flux de gaz d'alimentation basée sur la concentration mesurée d'oxygène dans le flux d'alimentation. L'ajustement sélectif est effectué de sorte que le flux d'alimentation maintienne une concentration d'oxygène dans une plage comprise entre environ 10 % et 90 % en volume et le système de capture de dioxyde de carbone fonctionne à une charge d'énergie entre 1,4 GJ/tonne de dioxyde de carbone et 3,0 GJ/tonne de dioxyde de carbone.
EP11785515.5A 2010-11-22 2011-10-26 Système et procédé de gestion de l'énergie utilisée dans un système de traitement de gaz de carneau Withdrawn EP2643633A2 (fr)

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US12/951,248 US20120125240A1 (en) 2010-11-22 2010-11-22 System and method of managing energy utilized in a flue gas processing system
PCT/US2011/057792 WO2012071126A2 (fr) 2010-11-22 2011-10-26 Système et procédé de gestion de l'énergie utilisée dans un système de traitement de gaz de carneau

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TW201233432A (en) 2012-08-16
WO2012071126A2 (fr) 2012-05-31
AU2011332222A1 (en) 2013-06-06
WO2012071126A3 (fr) 2013-11-28

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